369:
41:
501:("those who love the people (or tribe)") as part of the new regime's disapproval of anything having to do with royalty, but the new term was not universally embraced and by 1992 it was no longer in use. According to the Socio-economic Census of Nomads of 1986, the Shahsevan had about 6,000 families, just as they had in the mid-1960s, indicating a moderate return to pastoral nomadism among them, which was also occurring among other tribes in Iran at the time.
1194:
63:
619:
extension of -sIn / -sUn (second person singular suffix). Being decentralized of
Shahsavans and having the minority of population in their area of living, lead their language to destruction, on the other hand the influence of other dialect on the Shahsavani's Turkish can be seen clearly. Thus, by taking these points into account, recording the specifications of Shahsavan's dialect is necessary.
344:(chieftains) descended from Yunsur Pasha. They make reference to the current royal appointment of leaders as well as an earlier royal grant of pastures in Ardabil and Mughan. These myths were most likely created by the chiefs in order to justify their power over ordinary citizens as well as their possession of the pastures, which are the most essential asset for all of their nomadic adherents.
416:. Later stories connect Badr Khan with Yunsur Pasha. The Sari-khanbeyli family was related to leading Shahsevan tribes such as the Qojabeyli, Isali, Balabeyli, Mast-Alibeyli, Ali-Babali, Polatli, and Damirchili. The names of many of the lower caste tribes, such Ajirli and Beydili, suggest a Shamlu origin. Badr Khan Shahsevan's son or brother
618:
According to gathered information, the main properties of phonetic and structural of
Shahsavani's Turkish have been determined. The most important features that distinguish Shahsavani's Turkish from other Turkish dialects in Iran, is the use of extension -Im/-Um (first-person singular suffix) and the
591:
The existence of rich pastures, as well as land suitable for breeding cattle and small ruminants, in conjunction with a climate suitable for animal husbandry, determined the main occupation of the
Shahsevens. Thus, the basis of the economic component of the tribes is the breeding of cows, buffaloes,
347:
It is not possible to fully substantiate either the first or second versions of
Shahsevan's origins. There are records of individuals and tribal groups in Mughan bearing the names of Shahsevan tribes in 16th-century sources. By the end of the 17th-century, Mughan and Ardabil was associated with the
291:
states that
Malcolm's story "is based on a misreading of chronicle sources." The Shahsevan are described as a personal militia and a royal guard in subsequent passages of Malcolm's book, and there is some proof that a military corps with the name Shahsevan existed in the middle of the 17th-century.
513:
The tribal structure of the
Shahsevens has a large number of different institutions, arranged in descending order. So the largest unit of the tribal structure will be the ethnic group, then the tribe, clan, gubak, ube and family. The gubak in the Shahseven tribes is the main tribal unit that forms
531:
The ethnographic group is managed by the Ilbeks. Ilbek is responsible for maintaining order and collecting taxes. In addition, a bek appointed by the Ilbeks is in charge of the local administration of the tribe. Aksakals (white-bearded) are the embodiment of the political, economic, religious and
396:
incursions in northwest Iran. Years of calm had left the tribal communities of this frontier area unprepared for the political role that was suddenly forced upon them. In 1732, the
Shahsevan were again under Iranian control due to the efforts of Nader Shah, who deported many tribes to his home
324:(appeal), ordered that all those of the Turkoman tribe who were servants and partisans of this hearth should rally round His Majesty." These spur-of-the-moment appeals catered to the religious values of the followers of the Safavid dynasty, whose shahs not only claimed descent from the
504:
Meanwhile, urbanization has continued progressing in Mughan as a result of the continuing expansion of numerous government-sponsored projects. According to Tapper; "By the end of the century, Shahsevan pastoral nomadism did not seem likely to survive much longer."
213:(in 1796) both selected Mughan as the location for their coronation. The Shahsevan differ from other nomadic tribal groups in Iran in a number of ways, including their history and location on the frontier, as well as their social and economic structure. Their
238:
Three distinctly different accounts of the
Shahsevan's history existed by the 20th-century. The most well-known was that they were a brand-new tribe created as a result of the Safavid shahs' tribal and military policies. This is based on a passage from
331:
Minorsky highlighted various publications by 19th-century
Russian officials who documented the customs of the Shahsevan of Mughan. These customs, which diverge from Malcolm's account without refuting it, differ in some aspects but all agree that
466:. This occurred as the new nationalist government was struggling to take control of the nation. The Shahsevan pillaged Ardabil, gaining extensive news coverage in Europe, but were quickly defeated by nationalist forces from Tehran led by
554:
Men's clothing - white or blue shirt, brown woolen trousers, Circassian coat, lamb hat, pistons . In winter, the
Shahsevens wear long-sleeved lamb coats. They shave their heads, leaving curls on their temples, grow beards.
514:
the basis of the clan. Typically, gubaks consist of 20-30 families, which are engaged in driving a common herd from pasture to pasture. The gubaks themselves can be collectively referred to as a small separate tribe.
230:
Despite having a very extensively reported history since the early 18th-century, it is still unknown where the Shahsevan originated. Even though the ancestors of several of the tribes were of other origins such as
454:'s ascent, they took part in a number of significant events. A small number of Shahsevans joined the royalist forces occupying Tabriz during the winter of 1908–1909. The majority of the Shahsevan chiefs joined
473:
The Shahsevan were among the first of the major tribal groups to be subdued and disarmed by Reza's army in the winter and spring of 1922–1923. The tribes were incorporated into the new nation-state by the
284:
stated that "the known facts somewhat complicate Malcolm's story" and that "it may be doubted if a single regularly constituted tribe was ever founded by Shah Abbas under the name Shah-sewan." British
485:. The Shahsevan nomads themselves did not have much involvement, but established tribal members took part in protests at the Agro-Industry Company in Mughan and events in places like Meshkinshahr,
431:, Shahsevan territory constantly served as a battlefield. The conclusion of the wars led to the loss of the majority of their winter quarters, and many of them moving further south.
540:
The traditional occupation of the Shahsevens was nomadic cattle breeding (breeding of sheep, cattle as a draft force, camels and horses). In the summer they roamed in the
336:
was the original homeland of the Shahsevan, who left the place under the leadership of a certain Yunsur Pasha. They depict the Shahsevan tribes as being divided between
401:, including the Shaqaqi, Inallu, and Afshar. Nader Shah appears to have united and consolidated the tribes that remained in Mughan and Ardabil under the leadership of
235:, Turkic identity and culture are predominate among them. Between the 16th and the 18th century, several tribal confederacies merged together to become the Shahsevan.
458:
and Amir Ashayer Shatranlu in an alliance of tribes in eastern Azerbaijan during late 1909, declaring opposition to the Constitution and their intention to march to
380:
For few a years in the 1720s, Mughan and Ardabil served as one of the main places of confrontation as a result of the swift collapse of the Safavid dynasty to the
804:
Iskandari-Niya, Ebrahim. In the same place. P. 326; Compilation on information and statistics of nomadic tribes and tribal groups of Iran. Tehran, 1982.P. 4-8
777:
Iskandari-Niya, Ebrahim. The organizational structure of the tribes and the way of life of the nomadic tribes of Western Azerbaijan. Anzali, 1987. P.33
1032:
128:) are a number of Azerbaijani-speaking or Shahsevani dialect (sometimes considered to be Its own dialect distinct from others like Azerbaijani)
360:
and Mughanlu were other notable tribes in the area. Until the 18th century, there is no conclusive proof of a Shahsevan tribe or confederacy.
193:
and spoke Azerbaijani. The Shahsevan lived in a frontier region that was easily accessible and frequently traversed, unlike tribes like the
611:
The Shahsevani dialect is either considered to be a dialect of the Azerbaijani language, or Its own distinct Turkic dialect. According to
520:
Some sources say that the Shahsevens have 11 tribes and 90 Ube. According to another division, this tribal union can be considered as 32
434:
The Shahsevan were allowed by Russia to have restricted access to their former pasturelands in Mughan for a number of decades after the
600:
368:
412:
Badr Khan was possibly a son of Aliqoli Khan, and belonged to the Sari-khanbeyli family, which was most likely descended from the
822:
Iskandari-Niya, Ebrahim. Ibid, p. 114; Sheil, Marie. Memories of Mrs. Sheil. Translated by Hasan Abutorabian. Tehran, 1983, p. 48
831:
Afshar-Sistani, Iraj. To the knowledge of the tribes, nomadic tribes and tribal unions of Iranian nomads. Tehran, 1987 p.104-105
497:. During these incidents, some former chieftains were killed, while others fled into exile. The Shahsevan were formally renamed
165:. In the past, the Shahsevan had a tribal and pastoral nomadic lifestyle, moving during summer 100–200 km to the south on the
958:
916:
1025:
446:
In the early half of the 20th-century, the Shahsevan achieved the height of their authority and prestige. Throughout the
892:
1001:
447:
428:
424:
856:
711:
320:) had already employed similar expressions; "Shah Mohammad", according to Iskandar Beg Munshi, "having launched the
517:
Ube also consists of several families with a joint household, but it is a smaller unit in relation to the gubak.
277:. However, neither contemporary European travellers nor Safavid records make mention of this story. The Russian
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993:
420:
presided over Ardabil and its district during the chaotic decades that followed after Nader Shah's death.
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17:
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name Shahsevan, which was frequently used as a military title alongside Qizilbash tribal titles like
310:
1224:
1219:
417:
210:
185:
region. They were a minority in this area, but like the settled majority (whom the Shahsevan call "
588:
The Shahsevens preserve the tribal division and some pre-Muslim customs (including funeral ones).
548:. From the end of the 19th century, the Shahsevens began the transition to sedentary agriculture.
463:
455:
178:
570:, woolen stockings, chuvyaki, gold and silver jewelry. The woman's head is tied with a scarf.
1094:
1041:
435:
1058:
929:(1936). "S̲h̲āh-sewan". In Houtsma, M. Th.; Arnold, T.W.; Basset, R.; Hartmann, R. (eds.).
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227:
in the 11th-century, they left behind this type of settlement and other cultural remnants.
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Iran at War: Interactions with the Modern World and the Struggle with Imperial Russia
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to mean "to make appeal to the faithful." During the 1581 and 1584 uprisings,
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Frontier Nomads of Iran: A Political and Social History of the Shahsevan
846:. Archived from the original on 5 June 2019. Retrieved 2 February 2020.
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100:
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406:
259:
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Tehrani, Jamshid J.; Collard, Mark (2009). Shennan, Stephen (ed.).
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340:(descendants of the first immigrants) and commoners, and ruled by
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170:
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405:, one of his generals who took part in the wars in Khorasan and
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603:, which also plays the role of economic support for the tribe
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is what makes them most recognizable. When Turkic tribes from
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232:
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Women of the Shahseven tribes are engaged in weaving kilim,
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215:
158:
133:
68:
46:
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as equal groups led by acknowledged and obedient chiefs.
528:
tribes, which, in turn, are divided into smaller units.
45:
Shahsevan girls from a rich family. Late 19th-century,
992:. Origins of Human Behavior and Culture. Vol. 2.
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Islam in Tribal Societies: From the Atlas to the Indus
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The traditional dwelling of the Shahsevens is tents.
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813:Tapper, Richard. Frontier nomads of Iran, P. 14-15
931:Encyclopaedia of Islam, First Edition (1913–1936)
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438:in 1828, but they disregarded the restrictions.
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448:Iranian Constitutional Revolution of 1905–1911
328:, but also that they were their incarnations.
258:) to quell the chaos caused by the rebellious
1026:
247:that says that the Shahsevan were created by
262:chiefs, who a century earlier had assisted
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1019:
39:
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990:Pattern and Process in Cultural Evolution
372:Political map of the eastern part of the
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367:
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299:are often used in the Safavid chronicle
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675:
356:. The Qizilbash Tekeli and the Kurdish
169:and nearby ranges, in the districts of
14:
1207:
967:
945:
765:
663:
157:"Shahsevan" means "those who love the
59:
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877:
462:in order to reinstate the overthrown
136:, mainly inhabiting the districts of
558:Women's costume - blue shirt, harem
54:Regions with significant populations
125:
24:
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25:
1241:
423:During the Russo-Iranian wars of
132:groups that live in northwestern
27:Turkic tribe in northwestern Iran
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483:Iranian Revolution of 1978–1979
441:
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268:
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181:, and during the winter to the
994:University of California Press
953:. Cambridge University Press.
939:10.1163/2214-871X_ei1_SIM_5282
795:Iskandari-Niya, ibid. S. 30-31
789:
780:
771:
704:
629:
508:
450:and the years preceding up to
13:
1:
857:"On The Dialect of Shahsavan"
712:"On The Dialect of Shahsavan"
650:
152:
7:
607:Language of the Shahsevanis
302:Tarikh-e Alam-ara-ye Abbasi
10:
1246:
871:
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481:Urban areas dominated the
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311:Shah Mohammad Khodabandeh
99:
94:
83:
78:
58:
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38:
968:Tapper, Richard (2010).
622:
592:sheep, camels and goats
418:Nazar Ali Khan Shahsevan
211:Agha Mohammad Khan Qajar
144:, Kharaqan and Khamsa.
544:, in the winter in the
464:Mohammad Ali Shah Qajar
840:"Azerbaijani, South".
786:Taper, Richard, p. 288
456:Rahimkhan Chalabianloo
377:
273:) in establishing the
1215:Ethnic groups in Iran
1042:Ethnic groups in Iran
974:Encyclopaedia Iranica
599:, horse blankets and
436:Treaty of Turkmenchay
376:between 1795 and 1801
371:
364:18th and 19th century
996:. pp. 99–111.
573:Traditional food -
403:Badr Khan Shahsevan
307:Iskandar Beg Munshi
295:Statements such as
35:
927:Minorsky, Vladimir
585:, dairy products.
378:
297:shāhī-sēvan kardan
33:
1180:
1179:
960:978-0-52158-336-7
918:978-0-7556-3737-9
542:Sabalan mountains
374:Southern Caucasus
282:Vladimir Minorsky
245:History of Persia
106:
105:
16:(Redirected from
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1230:Ardabil province
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201:who live in the
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911:. I.B. Tauris.
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189:"), they were
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1059:Azerbaijanis
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342:elbey/ilbegi
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326:Twelve Imams
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279:orientialist
249:Shah Abbas I
244:
241:John Malcolm
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225:Western Asia
221:Central Asia
214:
191:Shia Muslims
175:Meshginshahr
156:
109:
107:
30:Ethnic group
1150:Circassians
970:"Shahsevan"
766:Tapper 2010
664:Tapper 1997
522:Mesginshahr
509:Ethnography
491:Bileh Savar
468:Yeprem Khan
388:as well as
322:shāhī-sēvan
114:Azerbaijani
85:Azerbaijani
1209:Categories
1110:Others 1%
1103:and other
843:Ethnologue
651:References
641:Shah-sewan
207:Nader Shah
153:Background
101:Shia Islam
18:Shahsevens
1143:Assyrians
1136:Georgians
1129:Armenians
637:Shahsavan
452:Reza Khan
429:1826–1828
425:1804–1813
407:Turkestan
260:Qizilbash
195:Bakhtiari
110:Shahsevan
79:Languages
34:Shahsevan
1101:Turkmens
1053:Persians
949:(1997).
905:(2023).
881:(2013).
601:khurjibs
564:arkhalig
487:Parsabad
399:Khorasan
334:Anatolia
223:entered
197:and the
118:شاهسِوَن
95:Religion
1095:Balochs
872:Sources
579:chowder
566:, blue
536:Culture
526:Ardabil
499:Elsevan
394:Russian
390:Ottoman
386:Isfahan
382:Afghans
358:Shaqaqi
338:beyzadä
233:Kurdish
216:alachiq
199:Qashqai
171:Ardabil
167:Sabalan
148:History
142:Ardabil
122:Persian
89:Persian
1185:Portal
1169:Zagari
1115:Talysh
1071:Gilaks
1000:
957:
915:
891:
583:mutton
568:chador
560:sirwal
493:, and
460:Tehran
354:Shamlu
350:Afshar
183:Mughan
177:, and
163:Turkic
138:Mughan
130:Turkic
126:شاهسون
66:
1089:Arabs
1065:Kurds
623:Notes
597:jajim
575:pilaf
495:Germi
179:Sarab
161:" in
1199:Iran
1157:Jews
1122:Tats
1083:Lurs
998:ISBN
955:ISBN
913:ISBN
889:ISBN
639:and
427:and
392:and
352:and
159:shah
134:Iran
108:The
69:Iran
47:Iran
1067:10%
1061:16%
1055:53%
935:doi
384:at
305:of
243:'s
187:Tat
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1107:2%
1097:2%
1091:2%
1085:6%
1079:4%
1073:4%
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963:.
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937::
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863:.
768:.
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