252:
1333:
928:
2693:
2700:
2713:
2720:
2706:
542:
280:
1387:
986:
229:
1121:
1303:
1082:
39:
1407:
1141:
699:
While ranked taxonomy has largely fallen out of favor among dinosaur paleontologists, a few 21st century publications have retained the use of ranks, though sources have differed on what its rank should be. Most have listed
Thyreophora as an unranked taxon containing the traditional suborders
1737:
Soto-Acuña, Sergio; Vargas, Alexander O.; Kaluza, Jonatan; Leppe, Marcelo A.; Botelho, Joao F.; Palma-Liberona, José; Simon-Gutstein, Carolina; Fernández, Roy A.; Ortiz, Héctor; Milla, Verónica; et al. (2021). "Bizarre tail weaponry in a transitional ankylosaur from subantarctic Chile".
598:. In both clades, the forelimbs were much shorter than the hindlimbs, particularly in stegosaurs. Thyreophora has been defined as the group consisting of all species more closely related to
3064:
1581:"New Specimens of Scutellosaurus Lawleri Colbert, 1981, from the Lower Jurassic Kayenta Formation in Arizona Elucidate the Early Evolution of Thyreophoran Dinosaurs"
1498:
Fonseca, A.O.; Reid, I.J.; Venner, A.; Duncan, R.J.; Garcia, M.S.; MĂĽller, R.T. (2024). "A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis on early ornithischian evolution".
579:
Thyreophorans are characterized by the presence of body armor lined up in longitudinal rows along the body. Primitive forms had simple, low, keeled scutes or
2946:
686:
may have been bipedal for some of the time, particularly as a juvenile. Stegosaurs and ankylosaurs are thought to have been obligately quadrupedal.
761:
In 2021, an international group of researchers led by Daniel Madzia registered almost all of the most commonly used ornithischian clades under the
700:
Stegosauria and
Ankylosauria, though Thyreophora is also sometimes classified as a suborder, with Ankylosauria and Stegosauria as infraorders.
748:, their most recent common ancestor and all of its descendants". Eurypoda was first named by Sereno in 1986 and defined by him in 1998, as "
1620:"Investigating the quadrupedal abilities of Scutellosaurus lawleri and its implications for locomotor behavior evolution among dinosaurs"
1848:"Scelidosaurus harrisonii (Dinosauria: Ornithischia) from the Early Jurassic of Dorset, England: biology and phylogenetic relationships"
1903:
1710:
Paul, Sereno (1998). "A rationale for phylogenetic definitions, with application to the higher-level taxonomy of
Dinosauria".
3069:
1924:
646:(bony growths within the skin), with these osteoderms having lateral keels. Characters of the skull and jaws distinctive (
103:
1475:
709:
377:
75:
3074:
583:, whereas more derived forms developed more elaborate structures including spikes and plates. Most thyreophorans were
2692:
122:
2712:
82:
2699:
266:
60:
2719:
89:
3009:
1255:
revised the relationships of early thyreophorans, finding that
Stegosauria was the most basal branch, with
56:
2705:
2663:
1618:
Anderson, Lilian; Brassey, Charlotte; Pond, Stuart; Bates, Karl; Sellers, William Irvin (October 2023).
279:
71:
1896:
243:
1791:"A new Cretaceous thyreophoran from Patagonia supports a South American lineage of armoured dinosaurs"
1666:
1580:
1991:
1619:
49:
3036:
3059:
2971:
2087:
251:
1847:
1528:
Madzia, D.; Arbour, V.M.; Boyd, C.A.; Farke, A.A.; Cruzado-Caballero, P.; Evans, D.C. (2021).
3031:
2340:
1889:
799:
27:
1332:
927:
3018:
2608:
2363:
1747:
8:
2640:
2208:
261:
96:
1751:
736:". Thyreophoroidea was first named by Nopcsa in 1928 and defined by Sereno in 1986, as "
2925:
2652:
1823:
1790:
1771:
1556:
1529:
274:
1275:
to
Ankylosauria, rather than to Stegosauria+Ankylosauria. A cladogram is given below:
2893:
2238:
1867:
1828:
1810:
1789:
Riguetti, Facundo J.; ApesteguĂa, Sebastián; Pereda-Suberbiola, Xabier (2022-08-11).
1775:
1763:
1647:
1639:
1600:
1561:
1723:
1691:
Sereno, Paul (1986). "Phylogeny of the bird-hipped dinosaurs (order
Ornithischia)".
2472:
1859:
1818:
1802:
1755:
1719:
1631:
1592:
1551:
1541:
1507:
655:
559:
1596:
1511:
2915:
2620:
2488:
1976:
1951:
1863:
1252:
1115:
651:
238:
148:
2930:
2910:
2861:
2786:
2571:
2481:
2419:
2384:
2304:
1806:
1759:
1326:
1257:
1136:
921:
676:
541:
439:
144:
3053:
2994:
2878:
2828:
2586:
2557:
2543:
2527:
2412:
2405:
2297:
2217:
2141:
2134:
2102:
1871:
1814:
1643:
1604:
1381:
1247:
980:
865:
848:
738:
682:
647:
481:
428:
417:
186:
558:("shield bearers", often known simply as "armored dinosaurs") is a group of
2920:
2871:
2814:
2800:
2793:
2748:
2564:
2519:
2447:
2426:
2329:
2196:
2188:
2164:
2118:
2053:
2040:
2003:
1912:
1832:
1767:
1651:
1565:
1464:
1402:
1386:
1102:
985:
817:
744:
726:
623:
600:
591:
562:
516:
340:
765:, with the intent of standardizing their definitions. According to Madzia
3003:
2849:
2821:
2779:
2772:
2765:
2597:
2496:
2461:
2398:
2352:
2156:
2126:
2079:
2071:
1297:
1075:
786:
750:
732:
717:
667:
618:
606:
595:
526:
505:
397:
161:
1546:
2842:
2835:
2629:
2578:
2550:
2535:
2511:
2454:
2433:
2311:
2290:
2266:
2259:
2245:
2231:
2180:
2172:
2148:
1356:
1272:
1263:
1120:
1018:
905:
820:
to the
Eurypoda. A similar result was found by Fonseca et al. in 2024.
663:
659:
631:
573:
491:
449:
407:
356:
228:
206:
171:
1302:
1081:
2807:
2440:
2224:
2110:
1635:
795:
779:
762:
643:
612:
584:
580:
291:
211:
155:
20:
2965:
38:
2988:
2758:
2252:
2095:
1960:
1936:
1788:
1406:
1140:
758:, their most recent common ancestor and all of their descendants".
721:
680:
was likely primarily bipedal, while the more quadrupedally adapted
671:
627:
569:
565:
324:
311:
201:
196:
181:
176:
166:
816:
modified the same matrix and found it to occupy a position as the
3023:
2886:
2318:
1942:
1469:
1042:
808:
470:
216:
191:
1930:
1881:
301:
713:
642:
Members of
Thyreophora are characterised by the presence of
2504:
1736:
1712:
Neues
Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Abhandlungen
1667:"Die dinosaurier der SiebenbĂĽrgischen landesteile Ungarns"
1530:"The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs"
1617:
1497:
650:) of thyreophorans include "absence of a deep elliptic
769:, Thyreophora defined as the largest clade containing
2947:
List of stratigraphic units with ornithischian tracks
1579:
Breeden, Benjamin T.; Rowe, Timothy B. (2020-07-03).
1527:
587:
and had relatively small brains for their body size.
19:"Eurypoda" redirects here. For the beetle genus, see
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63:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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763:International Code of Phylogenetic Nomenclature
1975:
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1491:
3065:Taxa named by Franz Nopcsa von Felső-Szilvás
1730:
1523:
1521:
2051:
1578:
674:tooth row". Among primitive thyreophorans,
1904:
1890:
1488:
590:Thyreophora includes two major subgroups,
540:
250:
227:
1852:Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society
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1545:
1518:
123:Learn how and when to remove this message
3052:
1845:
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1674:Mitteilungen aus dem Jahrbuche der KGL
1664:
712:in 1915. Thyreophora was defined as a
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2038:
1923:
1885:
1245:In 2020, as part of his monograph on
1709:
61:adding citations to reliable sources
32:
1500:Journal of Systematic Palaeontology
1476:List of thyreophoran type specimens
13:
1839:
1585:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology
806:. (2021). In their description of
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1911:
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37:
708:Thyreophora was first named by
549:Thyreophorans distribution map
48:needs additional citations for
1846:Norman, David B (2021-01-01).
1703:
1684:
1658:
1611:
1572:
1:
1597:10.1080/02724634.2020.1791894
1512:10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577
1481:
812:the following year, Riguetti
3070:Hettangian first appearances
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1693:National Geographic Research
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7:
1468:, Greek soldiers bearing a
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694:
10:
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1864:10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa061
1807:10.1038/s41598-022-15535-6
1760:10.1038/s41586-021-04147-1
568:that lived from the Early
244:BYU Museum of Paleontology
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18:
16:Extinct clade of dinosaurs
3075:Maastrichtian extinctions
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798:shows the results of the
771:Ankylosaurus magniventris
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275:Scientific classification
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258:
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235:
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139:
724:more closely related to
1665:Nopcsa, Ferenc (1915).
26:For the fly genus, see
666:, remodeling of skull
267:Natural History Museum
3032:Paleobiology Database
1624:The Anatomical Record
800:phylogenetic analysis
662:, presence of a wide
572:until the end of the
28:Thyreophora cynophila
57:improve this article
2209:Heterodontosauridae
1752:2021Natur.600..259S
1547:10.7717/peerj.12362
775:Stegosaurus stenops
262:Stegosaurus stenops
3010:Thyreophora Nopcsa
2926:Hypsilophodontidae
2664:Pachycephalosauria
2653:Pachycephalosauria
1795:Scientific Reports
1271:being progressive
259:Skeletal mount of
236:Skeletal mount of
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2972:Taxon identifiers
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2894:Serendipaceratops
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2685:
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2239:Heterodontosaurus
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2029:
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2022:
2021:
1746:(7888): 259–263.
1630:(10): 2514–2536.
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996:
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720:in 1998, as "all
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133:
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107:
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3014:
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2733:
2732:
2722:
2716:
2715:
2709:
2708:
2702:
2696:
2695:
2626:
2625:
2473:Thescelosauridae
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2283:
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1636:10.1002/ar.25189
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158:
143:Temporal range:
137:
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106:
65:
41:
33:
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3022:
3017:
3008:
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3002:
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2992:
2987:
2974:
2964:
2951:
2935:
2916:Phytodinosauria
2899:
2855:
2738:
2723:
2710:
2703:
2690:
2670:
2647:
2621:Marginocephalia
2615:
2592:
2489:Changchunsaurus
2467:
2387:
2370:
2347:
2324:
2272:
2203:
2056:
2043:
2018:
1998:
1992:Avemetatarsalia
1977:Avemetatarsalia
1967:
1952:Avemetatarsalia
1926:
1925:
1915:
1910:
1880:
1879:
1844:
1840:
1787:
1783:
1735:
1731:
1708:
1704:
1689:
1685:
1669:
1663:
1659:
1616:
1612:
1591:(4): e1791894.
1577:
1573:
1526:
1519:
1496:
1489:
1484:
1460:
1455:
1446:
1437:
1428:
1419:
1336:
1306:
1243:
1234:
1225:
1216:
1207:
1198:
1189:
1180:
1171:
1162:
1153:
1124:
1116:Parankylosauria
1085:
998:
974:Scelidosauridae
957:Thyreophoroidea
940:
931:
878:
782:bernissartensis
706:
697:
692:
640:
638:Characteristics
459:Thyreophoroidea
375:
369:
353:
337:
277:
239:Gastonia burgei
222:
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179:
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154:200.91–66
153:
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149:Late Cretaceous
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66:
64:
54:
42:
31:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
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2940:Other articles
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2931:Jeholosauridae
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2911:Ornithoscelida
2907:
2905:
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2900:
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2890:
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2875:
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2862:Incertae sedis
2857:
2856:
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2853:
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2839:
2832:
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2818:
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2787:Ferganocephale
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2776:
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2754:
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2740:
2739:
2729:
2728:
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2614:
2613:
2612:
2611:
2602:
2600:
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2583:
2575:
2572:Thescelosaurus
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2561:
2554:
2547:
2540:
2532:
2524:
2516:
2508:
2501:
2493:
2485:
2482:Albertadromeus
2477:
2475:
2469:
2468:
2466:
2465:
2458:
2451:
2444:
2437:
2430:
2423:
2420:Kulindadromeus
2416:
2409:
2402:
2394:
2388:
2385:Neornithischia
2383:
2380:
2379:
2376:
2375:
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2345:
2344:
2343:
2334:
2332:
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2325:
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2315:
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2305:Scutellosaurus
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2274:
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2256:
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2235:
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1994:
1985:
1979:
1969:
1968:
1964:
1963:
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1945:
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1916:
1909:
1908:
1901:
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1886:
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1877:
1838:
1781:
1729:
1702:
1683:
1657:
1610:
1571:
1517:
1506:(1): 2346577.
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1352:
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1327:Scutellosaurus
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1317:
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1311:
1308:
1307:
1300:
1294:
1289:
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1258:Scutellosaurus
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1235:
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1230:
1227:
1226:
1222:
1221:
1218:
1217:
1213:
1212:
1209:
1208:
1204:
1203:
1200:
1199:
1195:
1194:
1191:
1190:
1186:
1185:
1182:
1181:
1177:
1176:
1173:
1172:
1168:
1167:
1164:
1163:
1159:
1158:
1155:
1154:
1150:
1149:
1146:
1145:
1137:Euankylosauria
1133:
1130:
1129:
1126:
1125:
1118:
1113:
1108:
1106:
1096:
1094:
1091:
1090:
1087:
1086:
1079:
1072:
1067:
1065:
1057:
1055:
1052:
1051:
1048:
1047:
1038:
1033:
1031:
1028:
1027:
1024:
1023:
1014:
1009:
1007:
1004:
1003:
1000:
999:
995:
994:
991:
990:
976:
968:
966:
961:
959:
951:
949:
946:
945:
942:
941:
937:
936:
933:
932:
925:
922:Scutellosaurus
918:
915:
914:
911:
910:
901:
896:
894:
889:
887:
884:
883:
880:
879:
875:
874:
871:
870:
861:
858:
857:
854:
853:
844:
839:
837:
832:
830:
822:
794:The following
705:
702:
696:
693:
691:
690:Classification
688:
677:Scutellosaurus
670:, down-turned
639:
636:
551:
550:
546:
545:
537:
536:
535:
534:
533:
532:
531:
530:
520:
496:
485:
475:
453:
443:
440:Scutellosaurus
433:
422:
411:
401:
388:
387:
383:
382:
367:
360:
359:
351:
344:
343:
335:
328:
327:
322:
315:
314:
309:
305:
304:
299:
295:
294:
289:
285:
284:
271:
270:
256:
255:
247:
246:
233:
232:
224:
223:
215:
210:
205:
200:
195:
190:
185:
180:
175:
170:
165:
160:
145:Early Jurassic
142:
131:
130:
45:
43:
36:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3087:
3076:
3073:
3071:
3068:
3066:
3063:
3061:
3060:Thyreophorans
3058:
3057:
3055:
3038:
3033:
3029:
3025:
3020:
3016:
3011:
3005:
3001:
2996:
2990:
2986:
2985:
2983:
2981:
2977:
2973:
2968:
2948:
2945:
2944:
2942:
2938:
2932:
2929:
2927:
2924:
2922:
2919:
2917:
2914:
2912:
2909:
2908:
2906:
2902:
2896:
2895:
2891:
2889:
2888:
2884:
2881:
2880:
2879:Dravidosaurus
2876:
2874:
2873:
2869:
2868:
2866:
2864:
2863:
2858:
2852:
2851:
2847:
2845:
2844:
2840:
2838:
2837:
2833:
2831:
2830:
2829:Syngonosaurus
2826:
2824:
2823:
2819:
2817:
2816:
2812:
2810:
2809:
2805:
2803:
2802:
2798:
2796:
2795:
2791:
2789:
2788:
2784:
2782:
2781:
2777:
2775:
2774:
2770:
2768:
2767:
2763:
2761:
2760:
2756:
2755:
2753:
2751:
2750:
2745:
2741:
2734:
2730:
2721:
2717:
2714:
2707:
2701:
2694:
2665:
2661:
2660:
2659:
2658:
2656:
2654:
2650:
2642:
2638:
2637:
2636:
2635:
2633:
2631:
2627:
2624:
2622:
2618:
2610:
2606:
2605:
2604:
2603:
2601:
2599:
2595:
2589:
2588:
2587:Zephyrosaurus
2584:
2581:
2580:
2576:
2574:
2573:
2569:
2567:
2566:
2562:
2560:
2559:
2558:Oryctodromeus
2555:
2553:
2552:
2548:
2546:
2545:
2544:Nevadadromeus
2541:
2538:
2537:
2533:
2530:
2529:
2528:Koreanosaurus
2525:
2522:
2521:
2517:
2514:
2513:
2509:
2507:
2506:
2502:
2499:
2498:
2494:
2491:
2490:
2486:
2484:
2483:
2479:
2478:
2476:
2474:
2470:
2464:
2463:
2459:
2457:
2456:
2452:
2450:
2449:
2445:
2443:
2442:
2438:
2436:
2435:
2431:
2429:
2428:
2424:
2422:
2421:
2417:
2415:
2414:
2413:Hypsilophodon
2410:
2408:
2407:
2406:Hexinlusaurus
2403:
2401:
2400:
2396:
2395:
2392:
2389:
2386:
2381:
2365:
2361:
2360:
2359:
2358:
2356:
2354:
2350:
2342:
2338:
2337:
2336:
2335:
2333:
2331:
2327:
2321:
2320:
2316:
2314:
2313:
2309:
2307:
2306:
2302:
2300:
2299:
2298:Scelidosaurus
2295:
2293:
2292:
2288:
2287:
2284:
2281:
2279:
2275:
2269:
2268:
2264:
2262:
2261:
2257:
2255:
2254:
2250:
2248:
2247:
2243:
2241:
2240:
2236:
2234:
2233:
2229:
2227:
2226:
2222:
2220:
2219:
2218:Abrictosaurus
2215:
2214:
2212:
2210:
2206:
2199:
2198:
2194:
2191:
2190:
2186:
2183:
2182:
2178:
2175:
2174:
2170:
2167:
2166:
2162:
2159:
2158:
2154:
2151:
2150:
2146:
2144:
2143:
2142:Lesothosaurus
2139:
2137:
2136:
2135:Laquintasaura
2132:
2129:
2128:
2124:
2121:
2120:
2116:
2113:
2112:
2108:
2105:
2104:
2103:Eucoelophysis
2100:
2098:
2097:
2093:
2090:
2089:
2085:
2082:
2081:
2077:
2074:
2073:
2069:
2068:
2065:
2061:
2058:
2055:
2050:
2046:
2042:
2037:
2033:
2012:
2011:
2010:
2009:
2007:
2005:
2001:
1993:
1989:
1988:
1987:
1986:
1983:
1980:
1978:
1974:
1970:
1962:
1958:
1955:
1953:
1949:
1946:
1944:
1940:
1938:
1934:
1932:
1928:
1927:
1922:
1918:
1914:
1907:
1902:
1900:
1895:
1893:
1888:
1887:
1884:
1873:
1869:
1865:
1861:
1857:
1853:
1849:
1842:
1834:
1830:
1825:
1820:
1816:
1812:
1808:
1804:
1800:
1796:
1792:
1785:
1777:
1773:
1769:
1765:
1761:
1757:
1753:
1749:
1745:
1741:
1733:
1725:
1721:
1717:
1713:
1706:
1699:(2): 234–256.
1698:
1694:
1687:
1679:
1675:
1668:
1661:
1653:
1649:
1645:
1641:
1637:
1633:
1629:
1625:
1621:
1614:
1606:
1602:
1598:
1594:
1590:
1586:
1582:
1575:
1567:
1563:
1558:
1553:
1548:
1543:
1539:
1535:
1531:
1524:
1522:
1513:
1509:
1505:
1501:
1494:
1492:
1487:
1477:
1474:
1471:
1467:
1466:
1462:
1461:
1450:
1449:
1441:
1440:
1432:
1431:
1423:
1422:
1414:
1413:
1410:
1408:
1404:
1398:
1397:
1394:
1393:
1390:
1388:
1384:
1383:
1382:Scelidosaurus
1376:
1375:
1368:
1367:
1364:
1363:
1360:
1359:
1358:
1351:
1350:
1344:
1343:
1340:
1339:
1334:
1329:
1328:
1321:
1320:
1314:
1313:
1310:
1309:
1304:
1299:
1293:
1292:
1285:
1281:
1280:
1276:
1274:
1270:
1269:Scelidosaurus
1266:
1265:
1260:
1259:
1254:
1250:
1249:
1248:Scelidosaurus
1238:
1237:
1229:
1228:
1220:
1219:
1211:
1210:
1202:
1201:
1193:
1192:
1184:
1183:
1175:
1174:
1166:
1165:
1157:
1156:
1148:
1147:
1144:
1142:
1138:
1132:
1131:
1128:
1127:
1122:
1117:
1112:
1111:
1105:
1104:
1100:
1099:
1093:
1092:
1089:
1088:
1083:
1078:
1077:
1071:
1070:
1064:
1061:
1060:
1054:
1053:
1050:
1049:
1046:
1045:
1044:
1037:
1036:
1030:
1029:
1026:
1025:
1022:
1021:
1020:
1013:
1012:
1006:
1005:
1002:
1001:
993:
992:
989:
987:
983:
982:
981:Scelidosaurus
975:
972:
971:
965:
964:
958:
955:
954:
948:
947:
944:
943:
935:
934:
929:
924:
923:
917:
916:
913:
912:
909:
908:
907:
900:
899:
893:
892:
886:
885:
882:
881:
873:
872:
869:
868:
867:
866:Lesothosaurus
860:
859:
856:
855:
852:
851:
850:
849:Laquintasaura
843:
842:
836:
835:
829:
826:
825:
821:
819:
815:
811:
810:
805:
801:
797:
792:
790:
788:
783:
781:
776:
772:
768:
764:
759:
757:
753:
752:
747:
746:
741:
740:
739:Scelidosaurus
735:
734:
729:
728:
723:
719:
715:
711:
701:
687:
685:
684:
683:Scelidosaurus
679:
678:
673:
669:
665:
661:
657:
653:
649:
648:synapomorphic
645:
635:
633:
629:
625:
621:
620:
615:
614:
609:
608:
603:
602:
597:
593:
588:
586:
582:
577:
575:
571:
567:
564:
563:ornithischian
561:
557:
547:
543:
538:
529:
528:
521:
519:
518:
511:
510:
507:
503:
497:
494:
493:
486:
484:
483:
482:Scelidosaurus
476:
473:
472:
465:
464:
460:
454:
452:
451:
444:
442:
441:
434:
431:
430:
429:Lesothosaurus
423:
420:
419:
418:Laquintasaura
412:
410:
409:
402:
400:
399:
392:
391:
389:
384:
379:
374:
368:
365:
362:
361:
358:
352:
349:
346:
345:
342:
336:
333:
330:
329:
326:
323:
320:
317:
316:
313:
310:
307:
306:
303:
300:
297:
296:
293:
290:
287:
286:
281:
276:
272:
268:
264:
263:
257:
253:
248:
245:
241:
240:
234:
230:
225:
218:
213:
208:
203:
198:
193:
188:
183:
178:
173:
168:
163:
157:
150:
146:
140:Thyreophorans
138:
135:
127:
124:
116:
113:November 2013
105:
102:
98:
95:
91:
88:
84:
81:
77:
74: –
73:
72:"Thyreophora"
69:
68:Find sources:
62:
58:
52:
51:
46:This article
44:
40:
35:
34:
29:
22:
2979:
2921:Silesauridae
2892:
2885:
2877:
2872:Ajkaceratops
2870:
2860:
2848:
2841:
2834:
2827:
2820:
2815:Notoceratops
2813:
2806:
2801:Gongbusaurus
2799:
2794:Geranosaurus
2792:
2785:
2778:
2771:
2764:
2757:
2749:Nomina dubia
2747:
2697:
2585:
2577:
2570:
2565:Parksosaurus
2563:
2556:
2549:
2542:
2534:
2526:
2520:Jeholosaurus
2518:
2510:
2503:
2495:
2487:
2480:
2460:
2453:
2448:Sanxiasaurus
2446:
2439:
2432:
2427:Minimocursor
2425:
2418:
2411:
2404:
2397:
2341:Ankylosauria
2330:Ankylosauria
2317:
2310:
2303:
2296:
2289:
2277:
2265:
2258:
2251:
2244:
2237:
2230:
2223:
2216:
2197:Technosaurus
2195:
2189:Soumyasaurus
2187:
2179:
2171:
2165:Pisanosaurus
2163:
2155:
2147:
2140:
2133:
2125:
2119:Ignotosaurus
2117:
2109:
2101:
2094:
2086:
2078:
2070:
2054:Ornithischia
2041:Ornithischia
2004:Ornithischia
1956:
1947:
1913:Ornithischia
1855:
1851:
1841:
1801:(1): 11621.
1798:
1794:
1784:
1743:
1739:
1732:
1718:(1): 41–83.
1715:
1711:
1705:
1696:
1692:
1686:
1677:
1673:
1660:
1627:
1623:
1613:
1588:
1584:
1574:
1537:
1533:
1503:
1499:
1465:thyreophoroi
1463:
1403:Ankylosauria
1401:
1380:
1379:
1355:
1354:
1325:
1283:
1268:
1262:
1256:
1253:David Norman
1246:
1244:
1135:
1103:Ankylosauria
1101:
1074:
1062:
1041:
1040:
1017:
1016:
979:
978:
973:
956:
920:
904:
903:
864:
863:
847:
846:
827:
818:sister taxon
813:
807:
803:
793:
785:
778:
774:
770:
766:
760:
756:Ankylosaurus
755:
749:
745:Ankylosaurus
743:
737:
731:
727:Ankylosaurus
725:
707:
698:
681:
675:
658:line of the
641:
624:sister group
622:. It is the
617:
611:
605:
601:Ankylosaurus
599:
592:Ankylosauria
589:
578:
555:
554:
525:
517:Ankylosauria
515:
501:
490:
480:
469:
462:Nopcsa, 1928
458:
448:
438:
427:
416:
406:
398:Bienosaurus
396:
372:
363:
347:
341:Ornithischia
331:
318:
260:
237:
134:
119:
110:
100:
93:
86:
79:
67:
55:Please help
50:verification
47:
3004:Wikispecies
2980:Thyreophora
2850:Trimucrodon
2822:Siluosaurus
2780:Fabrosaurus
2773:Craspedodon
2766:Bienosaurus
2609:Ornithopoda
2598:Ornithopoda
2497:Changmiania
2462:Yandusaurus
2399:Agilisaurus
2364:Stegosauria
2353:Stegosauria
2278:Thyreophora
2157:Lutungutali
2127:Kwanasaurus
2080:Asilisaurus
2072:Amanasaurus
1858:(1): 1–86.
1298:Stegosauria
1284:Thyreophora
1273:stem groups
1076:Stegosauria
828:Thyreophora
802:Soto-Acuña
787:Triceratops
751:Stegosaurus
733:Triceratops
718:Paul Sereno
668:dermal bone
619:Triceratops
607:Stegosaurus
596:Stegosauria
585:herbivorous
556:Thyreophora
527:Stegosauria
373:Thyreophora
3054:Categories
2904:Other taxa
2843:Tichosteus
2836:Tatisaurus
2641:Ceratopsia
2630:Ceratopsia
2579:Yueosaurus
2551:Orodromeus
2536:Nanosaurus
2455:Xiaosaurus
2434:Nanosaurus
2312:Yuxisaurus
2291:Emausaurus
2267:Tianyulong
2260:Pegomastax
2246:Lycorhinus
2232:Fruitadens
2181:Silesaurus
2173:Sacisaurus
2149:Lewisuchus
2013:see below↓
1961:Dinosauria
1943:Sauropsida
1540:: e12362.
1482:References
1357:Emausaurus
1264:Emausaurus
1019:Yuxisaurus
906:Emausaurus
654:along the
644:osteoderms
632:Genasauria
581:osteoderms
574:Cretaceous
492:Yuxisaurus
450:Tatisaurus
408:Emausaurus
386:Subgroups
357:Genasauria
325:Dinosauria
83:newspapers
2808:Laosaurus
2441:Phyllodon
2225:Echinodon
2111:Gamatavus
1929:Kingdom:
1872:0024-4082
1815:2045-2322
1776:244799975
1644:1932-8486
1605:0272-4634
796:cladogram
780:Iguanodon
722:genasaurs
704:Phylogeny
613:Iguanodon
566:dinosaurs
298:Kingdom:
292:Eukaryota
269:, London
21:Prioninae
3024:47043860
2989:Wikidata
2759:Alocodon
2737:See also
2253:Manidens
2096:Eocursor
2088:Diodorus
1937:Chordata
1935:Phylum:
1931:Animalia
1833:35953515
1768:34853468
1652:36896818
1566:34966571
1458:See also
1063:Eurypoda
789:horridus
777:but not
730:than to
695:Taxonomy
628:Cerapoda
610:than to
570:Jurassic
502:Eurypoda
312:Chordata
308:Phylum:
302:Animalia
288:Domain:
2995:Q823931
2887:Jakapil
2319:Jakapil
1941:Class:
1824:9372066
1748:Bibcode
1680:: 1–24.
1557:8667728
1470:thyreos
1322:
1286:
1043:Jakapil
809:Jakapil
672:dentary
656:sutural
630:within
560:armored
471:Jakapil
97:scholar
3037:148170
1870:
1831:
1821:
1813:
1774:
1766:
1740:Nature
1650:
1642:
1603:
1564:
1554:
1472:shield
1296:
1282:
767:et al.
710:Nopcsa
660:nasals
508:, 1986
506:Sereno
380:, 1915
378:Nopcsa
99:
92:
85:
78:
70:
1957:Clade
1948:Clade
1772:S2CID
1670:(PDF)
1534:PeerJ
814:et al
804:et al
714:clade
664:jugal
652:fossa
364:Clade
348:Clade
332:Clade
319:Clade
104:JSTOR
90:books
2662:see
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