562:
167:(PUSIC) - Party for Unity and Safeguarding of the Integrity of Congo, formed by Mandro Panga Kahwa. The UPC-L was militarily stronger as most of the militia stayed with Lubanga. After the 2004 accords most of the UPC-K eventually merged into PUSIC.
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became available, and units of the
Ugandan army became involved. By February 2003, the UPC was said to have fielded an estimated 15,000 soldiers. The UPC carried out numerous attacks upon civilians and other serious
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555:
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as Deputy Chief of the
General Staff. Upon Lubanga's arrest, Ntaganda assumed the rank of Commander of the FPLC. On February 10, 2006, Thomas Lubanga was arrested in
695:
77:
611:
223:
194:
639:
160:
730:
662:
216:
1085:
Alliances sometimes changed dramatically over the course of the wars. Some groups may be associated with multiple, ostensibly opposed factions.
139:
What began as a struggle for control over land and resources, broke out into ethnic warfare as atrocities increased and as arms from Uganda and
970:
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states that between August 2002 and March 2003, the UPC arrested and tortured over 100 opponents, was responsible for the murder of a
1102:
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peacekeeper later that year. In
January 2005, Commander Bosco Ntaganda was offered a position as a general in the national
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forces, following which it received support from Rwanda. In late 2003, the UPC split into several factions: one led by
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416:
803:
561:
307:
108:
60:
163:
and known as the UPC-Kisembo (UPC-K), another under Thomas
Lubanga and known as the UPC-Lubanga (UPC-L), and the
763:
616:
306:. IRIN humanitarian news and analysis, UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs. 20 April 2005.
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in 2001 and was one of six such groups that sprung up in the mineral-rich Ituri region on the border with
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The military wing of the party was called the
Patriotic Forces for the Liberation of Congo (
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National
Council for the Defense of Democracy – Forces for the Defense of Democracy
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185:. In March 2006, Lubanga was arrested under a warrant issued by the
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Democratic
Republic of the Congo politicians convicted of crimes
177:
peacekeepers on 25 March 2005. Lubanga was arrested along with
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904:(FLC, formed from the MLC, RCD-N and RCD-ML from 2000 to 2001)
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926:
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833:
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Parti pour l'unité et la sauvegarde de l'intégrité du Congo
46:
304:"DRC: Who's who in Ituri - militia organisations, leaders"
1113:
Political parties in the
Democratic Republic of the Congo
127:. The UPC supported and was primarily composed of the
557:
Political parties in
Democratic Republic of the Congo
1108:
Rebel groups in the
Democratic Republic of the Congo
217:
Forces Armées de la République Démocratique du Congo
211:
peacekeeper in January 2004 and the kidnapping of a
151:
In August 2002, the UPC took control of the town of
417:"D.R. Congo: Army Should Not Appoint War Criminals"
1118:Military units and factions of the Ituri conflict
520:D.R. Congo: Army Should Not Appoint War Criminals
329:"Profile: DR Congo militia leader Thomas Lubanga"
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321:
319:
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274:"Profile: DR Congo militia leader Thomas Lubanga"
222:The UPC won three National Assembly seats in the
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663:Politics of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
1047:National Union for Total Independence of Angola
927:National Union for Total Independence of Angola
640:People's Party for Reconstruction and Democracy
442:"Situation in Democratic Republic of the Congo"
236:Forces Patriotiques pour la libération du Congo
170:The UPC-L was implicated in the deaths of nine
971:Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Rwanda
488:Coalition for the International Criminal Court
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250:by congolese authorities, and transferred to
957:(RDR, alleged successor organization to the
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955:Rassemblement DĂ©mocratique pour le Rwanda
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597:Movement for the Liberation of the Congo
921:Sudan People's Liberation Army/Movement
886:(RCD-K/ML or "RCD-Wamba", created 1999)
587:Union for Democracy and Social Progress
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367:
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510:The Curse of Gold: Ch III. Methodology
375:"DR Congo 'awash' with child soldiers"
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103:) is a political and militia group in
884:RCD-Kisangani/Mouvement de Libération
863:(faction of RCD-Goma created in 2002)
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529:
448:from the original on 2 December 2014.
393:"Witness Questions Lubanga's Control"
339:from the original on 31 January 2009.
268:
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238:, FPLC) and was under the command of
203:was named its leader in his absence.
1000:Nationalist and Integrationist Front
878:Movement for the Liberation of Congo
364:
354:"Union of Patriotic Congolese (UPC)"
197:, and was flown to the Netherlands.
183:Nationalist and Integrationist Front
460:"Another key Ituri leader arrested"
310:from the original on 16 March 2012.
219:(FARDC), but had refused the post.
148:abuses in pursuit of its policies.
13:
444:. The Hague Justice Portal. 2012.
360:from the original on 28 June 2003.
263:
14:
1134:
965:Army for the Liberation of Rwanda
503:
356:. GlobalSecurity.org. June 2003.
1103:Factions of the Second Congo War
967:(ALiR, successor to RDR in 1997)
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111:, formed towards the end of the
109:Democratic Republic of the Congo
836:(Rwanda-Uganda backed alliance)
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1053:White Legion (First Congo War)
617:Union for the Congolese Nation
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840:Rally for Congolese Democracy
397:Institute For War & Peace
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96:Union des Patriotes congolais
25:Union des Patriotes Congolais
902:Front de Libération du Congo
892:(RCD-N, split from RCD-K/ML)
187:International Criminal Court
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896:Union of Congolese Patriots
607:Union of Mobutist Democrats
87:Union of Congolese Patriots
19:Union of Congolese Patriots
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582:Sacred Union of the Nation
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658:List of political parties
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624:Together for the Republic
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988:Allied Democratic Forces
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602:Unified Lumumbist Party
994:Lord's Resistance Army
929:(UNITA, in Second War)
880:(MLC, created in 1998)
737:/ FARDC, after Mobutu)
484:"Thomas Lubanga Dyilo"
224:2006 general elections
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1049:(UNITA, in First War)
78:Congolese nationalism
743:(FAA, in Second War)
704:Armed groups in the
612:Union for the Nation
464:The New Humanitarian
115:. It was founded by
35:Thomas Lubanga Dyilo
1033:Government-aligned,
788:(FAA, in First War)
592:Future of the Congo
381:. 17 February 2003.
335:. 23 January 2009.
57:Active regions
514:Human Rights Watch
421:Humans Right Watch
205:Human Rights Watch
42:Dates of operation
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155:with the help of
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280:. 13 March 2012
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244:Bosco Ntaganda
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117:Thomas Lubanga
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890:RCD-National
851:Banyamulenge
820:rebel groups
818:Militias and
733:(FAZ, under
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950:Interahamwe
943:Anti-Rwanda
516:, June 2005
172:Bangladeshi
1097:Categories
1019:(CNDD-FDD)
935:(in Ituri)
493:2023-07-27
469:2023-07-27
427:2023-10-03
402:2023-10-03
284:2023-07-27
258:References
861:RCD-Congo
800:(RPF/RDF)
252:The Hague
193:of using
191:war crime
923:(SPLA/M)
853:(ethnic
846:RCD–Goma
769:Zimbabwe
446:Archived
379:BBC News
358:Archived
337:Archived
333:BBC News
308:Archived
278:BBC News
248:Kinshasa
213:Moroccan
73:Ideology
1075:MONUSCO
1042:Mai-Mai
792:Burundi
758:Namibia
575:parties
157:Ugandan
135:History
123:in the
65:Rwandan
51:present
31:Leaders
933:CODECO
855:Tutsis
806:(UPDF)
804:Uganda
798:Rwanda
786:Angola
749:(FANT)
741:Angola
209:Kenyan
141:Rwanda
121:Uganda
91:French
67:border
1035:other
1002:(FNI)
996:(LRA)
990:(ADF)
914:other
898:(UPC)
842:(RCD)
794:(FAB)
771:(ZNA)
764:Sudan
760:(NDF)
753:Libya
731:Zaire
706:First
571:Major
242:with
175:MONUC
153:Bunia
105:Ituri
99:, or
834:AFDL
747:Chad
708:and
129:Hema
85:The
47:2001
101:UPC
61:DRC
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