80:
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launched the RADIUS (risk assessment tools for diagnosis of urban areas against seismic disasters) initiative in 1996 to promote worldwide activities for the reduction of urban seismic risk, which experienced rapid growth particularly in developing countries, by helping to raise public awareness.
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Even in buildings which are capable of withstanding an earthquake without structural failure there may be risk to people due to interior hazards. Items such as suspended ceilings and light fixtures have almost no seismic ruggedness. Warehouse stores where heavy merchandise is stacked are a
223:
in high quality concrete. Beams and columns in those buildings must be in the right place to properly absorb shaking. The code is said by foreign experts to be very modern and similar to US codes. However, these 21st century building codes were not very well enforced.
218:
Further resilience over the 2007 code was mandated in the 2018 Turkish
Seismic Code, which took effect on 1 January 2019. Improvements included design supervision and site specific hazard definitions, and for new buildings in vulnerable regions required
231:, the government offered amnesties for violations of the building code, allowing non-compliance to continue with the payment of a fee. This poor enforcement of seismic codes was a contributing factor to the devastation of the
261:
old buildings is possible but expensive. Although over 3 million housing units nationwide were strengthened in the 2 decades before 2023, as of that year many apartment blocks do not meet 21st century standards.
150:, is urban risk and planning. This theme refers to the measurement and management of urban hazards and vulnerability in order to improve awareness and local capacity to effectively reduce disaster risk.
79:
239:, which complicated rescue efforts. Experts lamented the practice would turn cities into graveyards. The 2023 Turkey–Syria earthquakes collapsed many older buildings and some recent ones: the
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There are many places where the risk of seismic damage to older buildings is quite high. Old brick buildings on poor soils are highly vulnerable to earthquake damage, particularly when the
623:
656:"International-Workshop-on-Advanced-Materials-and-Innovative-Systems-in-Structural-Engineering-Seismic-Practices-New-Improvements-in-the-2018-Turkish-Seismic-Code"
240:
287:
Cities are a mixture of old and new construction as in this picture. Note the old brick building mixed in with the new highrises, and the famous
Toronto
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751:
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737:
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191:. Initially thought as a temporary tax, it became permanent. In 2007 the seismic code was strengthened. However, it is alleged that
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said: "Municipalities, constructors and supervisors should now see that their negligence amounts to murder." In 2018, a
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in which over 42,000 people died in Turkey. There were high incidences of support column failure leading to
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holding the bricks together has decayed. Problems increase if there is the possibility for soil or
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250:
48:
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879:"Earthquake in Turkey a warning for Istanbul, which faces much larger death toll if quake strikes"
862:"Practices of Brick Masonry Construction in Turkey and their Seismic Behaviors during Earthquakes"
172:
893:"Hollanda'ya depreme dayanıklı konut yapmayı öğreten Türkiye neden bu kadar fazla yıkım yaşıyor?"
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44:
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Infrastructure Risk
Research Project at The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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40:
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8:
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Pettersson, Lauren Said-Moorhouse,Christian
Edwards,Krystina Shveda,Henrik (2023-02-07).
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421:"In Turkey and Syria, outdated building methods all but assured disaster from a quake"
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374:"RADIUS: risk assessment tools for diagnosis of urban areas against seismic disasters"
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919:"Use of experience data for seismic evaluations at Department of Energy facilities"
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445:"Emotions run high in Turkey amid questions over state response to deadly quake"
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518:"Turkey quakes to cost nation $ 6.2 billion - Minister - Türkiye | ReliefWeb"
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443:
Baysan, Lauren Said-Moorhouse,Isil
Sariyuce,Zeena Saifi,Reyhan (2023-02-08).
917:
Murray, R. C.; Kimball, J. K.; Guzy, D. J.; Hill, J. R. (7 December 1994).
714:"The earthquake in Turkey is one of the deadliest this century. Here's why"
376:. International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction (IDNDR). 20 June 2008
299:
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624:"Turkey earthquake death toll prompts questions over building standards"
263:
212:
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687:
486:"Turkey's earthquakes show the deadly extent of construction scams"
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671:"New Improvements in the 2019 Building Earthquake Code of Turkey"
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805:"The earthquakes in Turkey and Syria have shaken both countries"
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993:
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777:"Turkey earthquake failures leave Erdogan looking vulnerable"
302:, the site of much microseismicity. Toronto was struck by a
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130:
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752:"Turkey's lax policing of building codes known before quake"
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United
Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction
113:. One of the best ways to deal with the issue is through an
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risk of earthquakes damaging or destroying people and things
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One of the disaster risk reduction themes set forth by the
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588:"What made the earthquake in Turkey and Syria so deadly?"
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837:"Turkey earthquake: Anger at building standards grows"
688:"Turkey earthquake: Anger at building standards grows"
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546:"Turkey: New building code for earthquake resilience"
167:In earthquake-prone areas, all buildings built to
306:, and a 5.1 magnitude earthquake on May 17, 2013.
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175:, which killed over 17 thousand people, a new
105:urban seismic risk can be minimized with good
183:. Also following that earthquake a so-called
29:The examples and perspective in this article
994:Realistic seismic appraisal of New York City
736:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
467:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
227:In a bid to shore up support going into the
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179:was brought into force to protect against
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304:5.0 magnitude earthquake on June 23, 2010
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67:Learn how and when to remove this message
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171:may be dangerous, but shortly after the
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1019:Earthquake and seismic risk mitigation
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936:"The Southern Ontario Seismic Network"
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279:A mixed group of structures, with the
249:buildings are vulnerable. Many older
241:Environment and Urbanization Ministry
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298:Toronto is located on the shores of
291:. Similar to methodologies used in
187:was raised during the government of
161:Architecture of Turkey § Earthquakes
15:
13:
350:"EFEHR | What is earthquake risk?"
229:2018 Turkish presidential election
14:
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975:Associated Press (May 17, 2013).
960:Aulakh, Raveena (June 23, 2010).
215:and some with unlicensed floors.
159:This section is an excerpt from
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283:in the background to the right.
195:often ignored the rules due to
622:Beaumont, Peter (2023-02-07).
571:"2007 Turkish Earthquake Code"
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1:
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233:2023 Turkey–Syria earthquakes
101:in towns and cities. Even if
89:2023 Turkey–Syria earthquakes
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396:"Urban Risk & Planning"
211:law gave amnesties to some
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43:, discuss the issue on the
10:
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103:a big earthquake is likely
962:"Tremors felt in Toronto"
243:is assessing the damage.
977:"Canada Earthquake 2013"
899:(in Turkish). 2023-02-10
138:Urban risk and planning
107:earthquake construction
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169:20th century standards
125:International projects
119:Earthquake engineering
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550:www.preventionweb.net
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251:buildings in Istanbul
181:earthquakes in Turkey
173:1999 İzmit earthquake
121:can reduce the risk.
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213:unlicensed buildings
205:Recep Tayyip Erdoğan
201:2011 Van earthquakes
49:create a new article
41:improve this article
31:may not represent a
332:particular hazard.
314:Gardiner Expressway
266:has been suggested.
115:earthquake scenario
87:in Syria after the
524:. 24 November 1999
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264:Building with wood
253:are vulnerable to
95:Urban seismic risk
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669:Sucuoğlu, Haluk.
326:soil liquefaction
255:pancake collapses
237:pancake collapses
131:IDNDR secretariat
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51:, as appropriate.
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111:seismic analysis
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843:. 2023-02-08
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357:. Retrieved
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300:Lake Ontario
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259:Retrofitting
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199:. After the
177:seismic code
166:
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128:
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83:The town of
63:
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30:
946:2003-05-21
903:2023-02-13
847:2023-02-09
822:2023-02-10
787:2023-02-12
762:2023-02-12
723:2023-02-09
698:2023-02-08
641:2023-02-08
605:2023-02-08
556:2023-02-06
528:2023-02-11
503:2023-02-13
454:2023-02-11
359:2024-04-08
336:References
197:corruption
117:analysis.
817:0013-0613
636:0261-3077
600:0013-0613
498:0013-0613
45:talk page
1013:Category
841:BBC News
781:BBC News
732:cite web
692:BBC News
463:cite web
289:CN Tower
281:CN Tower
193:builders
154:Istanbul
146:project
85:Jindires
39:You may
756:AP NEWS
271:Toronto
247:masonry
97:is the
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322:mortar
209:zoning
109:, and
922:(PDF)
574:(PDF)
402:7 May
380:7 May
221:rebar
47:, or
813:ISSN
738:link
632:ISSN
596:ISSN
494:ISSN
469:link
404:2012
382:2012
129:The
718:CNN
449:CNN
426:NPR
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