609:
1300:
907:
645:
309:
429:
369:
357:
509:
405:
633:
793:
453:
441:
393:
381:
105:
1009:
1343:
33:
497:
621:
545:
345:
657:
521:
533:
80:
417:
995:
53:
1551:
further affect the remaining populations. In
Sringeri forests, where subsistence harvest of seeds (for edible oil) has given way to commercial exploitation and trade (for raw materials for oil and paint industry), the abundance of seeds on the forest floor was 96% lower after harvest than before harvest. The quantity of nuts traded in this locality increased from 5 tons in 1999-2000 (at
822:. It chiefly occurs in the states of Kerala, Tamil Nadu, and Karnataka. The species occurs in evergreen forests from the coastal plains and foothills usually up to an elevation of about 760 m, or to 800 m on the windward side of the Western Ghats in Karnataka. Although it is more common in lower elevations, trees may be found up to an elevation of 1200 m.
1067:(37%), and less often (13%) in the plumule. The scolytid borer mostly targeted the cotyledon (97%) and minimally affected (3%) the fruit pericarp. While cotyledon attacks did not kill seedlings, plumule-infestation led to mortality of seedlings. Insect herbivores killed around 45% of the seedlings. Two species of sap-sucking ants (
881:
9–10 m deep. The laterite may be in stages of disintegration from hard rock to fine gravel. Typically the trees occur in forests with a thick layer of humus on the surface. The trees are also found in lowland and plateau locations, but mostly occur along well-drained river banks and valleys in humid,
1550:
category. According to the recent assessment, besides the timber exploitation and extensive habitat loss due to human activities in lowland areas, the species has very restricted seed dispersal, limiting regeneration. Market-driven and intensive harvest of the nuts in recent years is expected to
745:: കുന്തിരിക്കപ്പൈന് Kuntirikkappayin, പയിനി Paini, വെള്ളപ്പൈന് Vellappayin, Baine, Kunturukkam, Paenoe, Paine, Paini, Payan, Payani, Payin, Pandam, Pantam, Peini, Perumpayani, Perumpiney, Pine, Piny, Pyney, Telli, Thelli, Vella kunturukkum, Vellapayin, Vellakondricum, Velutta kunturukkam,
1452:. The stem bark also contains high phenol and flavonoid content. In one study, the stem bark yielded 670 mg/g and 310 mg/g total phenolic content in ethanolic and aqueous extracts, respectively, while the corresponding total flavonoid content was 74 mg/g and 62 mg/g.
861:
occurs in areas with a mean annual rainfall of 2000 to 3000 mm and a mean annual temperature slightly over 27 °C (range 16.7 °C to 37.8 °C). The number of rainy days varies from 118 to 130 with a mean annual humidity of 77-79% within the zone of distribution.
1318:
wood has been used for making tea-chests, partitions, packing and cordite cases, coffins, boxes, planking, posts, floorings, ceilings, and cabinets, besides bobbins and shuttles in the textile industry, oars for sea-going vessels, and match-splints Large amounts of
1361:, also known as “Malabar fallow”, “dhupa fat”, “Indian Copal”, or “piney resin”. It is used as incense in India, for incense sticks, and to manufacture candles and soaps. From dried kernels, a fat called “piney tallow” was extracted, which was used to adulterate
1517:(43%), which has potential for conversion to biodiesel. Optimal oil yield of 22.85% has been noted using the solvent extraction at a temperature of 66.6 °C, extraction time of 4.41 hour, and under a solvent to seed ratio of 1.353 ml/g. Pure, white
1299:
324:
Evergreen trees with cylindrical, straight boles, growing up to 40 m tall, occasionally up to 60 m. In evergreen forests, the trees can grow to large girth, with an individual reaching up to 5.26 m in girth recorded in Kodagu. The
1426:
180 cells by retarding tumor growth when administered in high doses (30 or 100 mg/kg body mass). Experiments on rats also indicate significant reduction of obesity after administration of aqueous extract of stem bark.
2475:
Mishima, S; Matsumoto, K; Futamura, Y; Araki, Y; Ito, T; Tanaka, T; Iinuma, M; Nozawa, Y; Akao, Y (2003). "Antitumor effect of stilbenoids from
Vateria indica against allografted sarcoma S-180 in animal model".
739:: Dhupa maram தூப மரம், Painimaram பைனிமரம், Vellaikundrikam வெள்ளைகுன்றிகம், Vellaidamar வெள்ளை டமார், Vellai kungiliyam வெள்ளை குங்கிலியம், turulakkam துருளக்கம், vellai kunkiliyam வெள்ளைக்குங்கிலியம்
329:
is smooth, grey with green and white blotches on the trunk and a cream colored blaze. On scarring, it exudes a white, aromatic resin. The tree has dense foliage in a oval or dome-like canopy. The young
1091:
moth were the main seedling herbivores, with herbivory by the latter two taxa (leaf miner and moth) often leading to seedling mortality. No vertebrate seed predators or dispersers have been recorded
928:
event occurring every fourth year. The flowers, which open during the day and last only one day, attract generalist nectarivores and pollinators. They are regularly visited by social bees such as
2405:"S, Jeyakumar & Narayanan, Ayyappan & Sankaralingam, Muthuramkumar & Rajarathinam, Kaniappan. Diversity and distribution of ethno-medicinal tree species from central Western Ghats"
1041:
forests, found that seed germination and seedling growth is affected by seed predators and insect herbivores, particularly the latter. In this area, about 91% fruits were attacked by a
1365:, making candles and soaps, to treat chronic rheumatism, and for sizing cotton yarn in place of animal tallow. The resin mixed with coconut oil makes an excellent varnish resembling
2381:
Niveditha, T.P.; Indupriya, J.; Vinohar, V.; sathish, B.N.; Prakash, N.A. (2012). "Value addition of Dhup (Vateria indica and
Canarium strictum): a case study of making Agarbatti".
1189:
608:
1025:
months between July and
September, with fruit fall occurring during periods of downpour towards the end of the monsoon. On the trees, fruits may sometimes show an emerged
1381:, and folk medicine for the treatment of leprosy, eczema, rheumatism, diarrhoea, and ulcers. Fine shavings of resin are administered internally to check diarrhoea.
2367:
Pharmacographia indica ?A history of the principal drugs of vegetable origin, met with in
British India /By William Dymock ... C. J. H. Warden ... and David Hooper
2550:
Ito, Tetsuro; Tanaka, Toshiyuki; Iinuma, Munekazu; Nakaya, Ken-ichi; Takahashi, Yoshikazu; Sawa, Ryuichi; Naganawa, Hiroshi; Chelladurai, Veliah (February 2003).
582:
is a 3-valved capsule, brown, and oblong or egg-shaped, about 6.4 x 3.8 cm in size. The base of the fruit has the persistent remains of the calyx with the 5
1055:(a borer), with eggs, larvae, pupae, and adults of both predators seen in infected fruits. Nevertheless, seed predation, as determined by damage to the growing
972:
1546:
because of over-exploitation for timber for the plywood industry, habitat loss, and other human activities. A 2020 assessment has placed the species in the
966:
1215:
2044:"Development of polymorphic microsatellite markers for the critically endangered and endemic Indian dipterocarp, Vateria indica L. (Dipterocarpaceae)"
1140:
428:
2605:
Ito, Tetsuro; Abe, Naohito; Masuda, Yuichi; Nasu, Minori; Oyama, Masayoshi; Sawa, Ryuichi; Takahashi, Yoshikazu; Iinuma, Munekazu (January 2009).
3104:
2636:
Ito, Tetsuro; Masuda, Yuichi; Abe, Naohito; Oyama, Masayoshi; Sawa, Ryuichi; Takahashi, Yoshikazu; Chelladurai, Veliah; Iinuma, Munekazu (2010).
644:
3143:
368:
924:
trees in
Sringeri in the central Western Ghats flower profusely from late January to early May. The trees flower in alternate years with a
906:
754:: ಬಿಳಿ ಡಾವರು Bili Daamaru, ಬಿಳಿ ಧೂಪ Bili Dhupa, ಧೂಪದ ಮರ Dhupada Mara, Bilagaggala, Dhupa mara, Gugli, Hugadamara, Rala, Velthapaini
711:
that has larger leaves (14-40 x 6–20 cm), longer petiole (25–60 mm), and ovoid or oblong fruit with pointed, often curved tip.
1335:), with around 6200 tons of timber used per annum in the late 1960's. The wood, after preservative treatment, was also used for railway
3195:
2512:
3249:
490:
of the leaves comprises 13 to 20 pairs of secondary nerves, with closely parallel tertiary nerves at right angles to the secondaries.
2428:"Nootropic and neuroprotective effects of ethanol extract of Vateria indica L bark on scopolamine-induced cognitive deficit in mice"
3052:
2141:"Checklist of Flora of Myristica Swamps - A Critically Endangered Fresh Water Ecosystem of Southern Western Ghats of Kerala, India"
3117:
3065:
356:
308:
300:. It is a large canopy or emergent tree frequent in tropical wet evergreen forests of the low and mid-elevations (below 1200 m).
1636:
508:
2726:"Effect of injection pressure on the performance and emission characteristics of the CI engine using Vateria indica biodiesel"
825:
Outside forests, the tree is found as avenue trees along roadsides in some areas. In
Karnataka, the species does not occur in
472:, which are simple, alternate, and arranged in a spiral around the twigs, are leathery, about 8-27 x 4.5–10 cm in size,
3122:
3269:
2200:
1920:"Factors Affecting Recruitment of a Critically-Endangered Dipterocarp Species, Vateria indica in the Western Ghats, India"
1117:
is the dominant tree accounting for about 17% of the trees and 29% of the basal area, followed by other species such as
1037:
as the seeds germinate within 1 to 6 days after they fall, retaining the bulky cotyledons for over one week. A study in
452:
747:ബൈനെ, കുന്തുരുക്കും, പൈനോയ്, പൈനെ, പൈനി, പയന്, പയിനി, പയിന്, പഞ്ഞം, പീനി, പെരുംപയിണി, പൈനെയ്, തെള്ളി, വെളള കുന്തിരി
2773:"Optimization of oil extraction from vateria indica seeds by solvent extraction process using response surface method"
3274:
3264:
1797:
3148:
2687:"Modification of selected indian vegetable fats into cocoa butter substitutes by lipase-catalyzed ester interchange"
3254:
2042:
Ismail, Sascha A.; Buser, Andres; Shaanker, R. Uma; Ravikanth, G.; Ghazoul, Jaboury; Kettle, Chris J. (June 2013).
3091:
2081:
484:
are 2 to 3.5 cm long, swollen at apex, and nearly glabrous, with narrow lateral stipules that fall off. The
1464:(5E24hydroxyphenylethenylbenzene1,3diol) derivatives, vateriaphenols D and E, along with six known resveratrol
1396:
The bark extract may have potential for treatment of degenerative brain conditions. One study found that young
3213:
2140:
2106:
440:
586:
curved back. The ovary is 3-celled, with 2 ovules in each cell, but the fruit typically produces a single
392:
2992:
2987:
2979:
2820:"Physico-Chemical Characteristics of Starches from Sal (Shorea robusta) and Dhupa (Vateria indica) Seeds"
3070:
1835:
3208:
707:
has smaller leaves (7-20 x 5–9 cm), shorter petiole (25–40 mm), and oblong fruit compared to
578:, about 40-50 stamens and yellow anthers, with a columnar style that protrudes beyond the anthers. The
2247:
404:
2725:
838:
380:
2896:
2043:
1965:
1693:
1614:
496:
104:
2965:
2819:
2248:"Pisolithus indicus, a new species of ectomycorrhizal fungus associated with Dipetrocarps in India"
1506:
1497:
3018:
2511:
Alva, Shanal Smitha; Joshi, Himanshu; Gururaja, M. P; Shama, K Prasanna; D'souza, Ullas P (2018).
1767:
1731:
544:
3200:
2551:
1640:
954:
1488:), besides a new natural compound, and 33 known compounds including 26 resveratrol derivatives.
632:
344:
3109:
2927:
1151:
2294:
1537:
1109:
656:
221:
3174:
3161:
3135:
3026:
2784:
2427:
2338:
620:
2882:
International), Megan
Barstow (Botanic Gardens Conservation; Dhyani, Anurag (2019-04-25).
1679:
International), Megan
Barstow (Botanic Gardens Conservation; Dhyani, Anurag (2019-04-25).
1484:
of resveratrol oligomers, vateriosides A (resveratrol dimer), vateriosides B (resveratrol
1388:, produced from the seeds, is refined to yield a fat used in confectionery and cosmetics.
520:
8:
3169:
1989:
Mane, Rohit Nivas; Gholave, Avinash
Ramchandra; Yadav, Shrirang Ramchandra (2020-06-25).
1890:(Revised and Enlarged ed.). Delhi: The Controller of Publications. pp. 416–423.
815:
699:
69:
3187:
2788:
2246:
Reddy, M. Sudhakara; Singla, Shaveta; Natarajan, K.; Senthilarasu, G. (September 2005).
2201:"Structure and floristic composition of a tropical evergreen forest in south-west India"
1851:
1769:
The Silviculture of Indian Trees - Volume I: Dilleniaceae to Leguminosae (Papilionaceae)
532:
476:, elliptic-oblong, with a short pointed tip, rounded base, and entire margin. The young
335:
2901:
2800:
2753:
2706:
2457:
2275:
2228:
2024:
1947:
1698:
1569:
2.60/kg), raising concerns on sustainability of harvest and impacts on regeneration of
1547:
1382:
1022:
800:
693:
676:
416:
245:
99:
84:
2567:
1591:
3156:
3000:
2905:
2839:
2804:
2772:
2757:
2745:
2667:
2659:
2581:
2532:
2493:
2489:
2461:
2449:
2404:
2316:
2311:
2279:
2267:
2220:
2152:
2118:
2063:
2028:
2016:
1939:
1924:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, India Section B: Biological Sciences
1855:
1793:
1702:
1564:
1558:
1552:
1477:
485:
473:
2710:
2552:"Two new oligostilbenes with dihydrobenzofuran from the stem bark of Vateria indica"
2370:. Missouri Botanical Garden. London : K. Paul, Trench, Tru?bner & co., ld;
2232:
1951:
1476:. Another study isolated from the leaves a number of compounds: a novel resveratrol
3259:
3005:
2891:
2831:
2792:
2737:
2698:
2649:
2618:
2563:
2528:
2524:
2485:
2439:
2306:
2263:
2259:
2212:
2175:"Ecological studies on Myristica swamp forests of Uttara Kannada, Karnataka, India"
2055:
2006:
1931:
1847:
1836:"Dipterocarp biology as a window to the understanding of tropical forest structure"
1688:
1609:
1203:
1100:
960:
846:
834:
781:
763:
714:
Studies indicate the species has a mitotic chromosome number of 2n=22. Polymorphic
480:
is a dark red or maroon, turning to pinkish red and green as the leaf matures. The
281:
188:
2741:
2365:
2293:
Pavithra, Mundamoole; Sridhar, Kandikere R.; Greeshma, Ammatanda A. (2017-03-26).
1448:, vateriaphenols A and B, have been isolated along with ten known stilbenoids and
2174:
1404:
bark gained neuro-protection and enhanced memory. Several stilbenoids (bergenin,
1374:
1133:
887:
757:
142:
1059:
was low, seen in only 11% of fruits. The weevil was mainly found in the fibrous
3182:
2950:
1378:
1281:
1232:
882:
moist forest tracts. Valleys with deep sandy soil and high water table support
826:
792:
736:
718:
715:
595:
129:
44:
2606:
2216:
1935:
3243:
3130:
2843:
2835:
2749:
2663:
2536:
2453:
2320:
2271:
2224:
2156:
2122:
2067:
2059:
2020:
2011:
1990:
1943:
1859:
1600:
1542:
1324:
1075:
1042:
1034:
925:
811:
769:
562:
477:
289:
237:
89:
1919:
3226:
2671:
2622:
2497:
1514:
1481:
1473:
1342:
1336:
1262:
1088:
942:
936:
297:
32:
2686:
2582:"Determination of Phenol and flavonoid content from Vateria indica (Linn)"
2444:
2426:
Alshabi, Ali Mohamed; Shaikh, Ibrahim Ahmed; Savant, Chetan (2020-04-09).
1008:
3078:
2959:
1469:
1461:
1405:
1287:
1275:
1209:
1172:
1049:
930:
819:
2654:
2637:
3057:
2702:
2402:
1510:
1445:
1358:
1269:
1243:
1099:
Low-elevation wet forests of the Western Ghats tend to be dominated by
1080:
3083:
2796:
2771:
Gowda, Sushanth H.; Dmello, Joel; B., Pavana Kumara; Raju, K. (2019).
2403:
Jeyakumar, S.; Ayyappan, N.; Muthuramkumar, S.; Kaniappan, R. (2014).
1888:
Troup's The Silviculture of Indian Trees - Volume II: Dipertocarpaceae
814:
mountain range in India, in the southern and central region, from the
3039:
2607:"Two Novel Resveratrol Derivatives from the Leaves of Vateria indica"
1409:
1253:
1157:
1064:
830:
742:
591:
315:
branch with flowers, leaves, fruit,. and dissected fruit showing seed
2921:
994:
3221:
2944:
2685:
Sridhar, R.; Lakshminarayana, G.; Kaimal, T. N. B. (October 1991).
1522:
1485:
1465:
1449:
1418:
1370:
1163:
1084:
1069:
1060:
1056:
1038:
1030:
948:
878:
842:
807:
775:
599:
285:
178:
155:
3096:
3044:
2818:
Tharanathan, R. N.; Reddy, G. Changala; Muralikrishna, G. (1990).
3031:
3013:
2883:
2858:
2513:"Anti-Obesity Activity of Vateria indica linn. Stem Bark in Rats"
1680:
1423:
1397:
1168:
1026:
751:
567:
198:
52:
2380:
2245:
1113:. In the Uppangala forest (300 – 600 m elevation) in Karnataka,
725:
and the species has an expected heterozygosity of 0.44 to 0.84.
2974:
2139:
Roby, T. J.; Jose, Joyce; Nair, P. Vijayakumaran (2014-06-13).
1518:
1328:
1235:
1176:
1052:
1045:
886:
dominated forests at lower elevations. The trees also occur in
874:
168:
1818:
Biodiversity Documentation for Kerala Part 6: Flowering Plants
2817:
2724:
Rao, Gangadhara; Kumar, G. N.; Herbert, Mervin (2019-10-03).
2474:
1505:
seeds have nearly 19% oil / fat content, with poly-saturated
1366:
1350:
833:
Kinds about 500 years ago and planted along the roadsides in
733:
The species has a number of common names in local languages.
583:
575:
293:
116:
2684:
2041:
2295:"Macrofungi in two botanical gardens in southwestern India"
1583:
1480:
having a C2-symmetric structure (vateriaphenol F), two new
1362:
1357:, extracted by scratching the tree's bark, is called white
277:
2347:
International Journal of Research in Ayurveda and Pharmacy
2107:"Soil Investigation in Evergreen Forests of Western Ghats"
2105:
Yadav, J. S. P.; Pathak, T. C.; Mahi, G. S. (1970-09-01).
2364:
Dymock, William; Hooper, David; Warden, C. J. H. (1890).
1400:
mice subjected to pre-treatment with ethanol extract of
2638:"Chemical Constituents in the Leaves of Vateria indica"
2339:"Flora of concern endangered medicinal plants - Part I
2292:
1966:"Vateria L. | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science"
1139:
forests in Kerala, they occur with other trees such as
845:
towns. It was planted extensively as an avenue tree in
334:
are nearly cylindrical and have stellate (star-shaped)
2510:
1651:. Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team
784:: Indian copal tree, Piney varnish tree, White dammar
2884:"IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Vateria indica"
2859:"IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Vateria indica"
2549:
1681:"IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Vateria indica"
1589:
1412:) found in resins (ethanol extract from stem bark of
2881:
1991:"Karyomorphology of a Critically Endangered Species
1918:
Sinu, Palatty Allesh; Shivanna, K. R. (2016-12-01).
1678:
598:) is 72.6 (± 4.4) g; the fruit has a thick and hard
574:
are white, fragrant, about 2 cm across, with 5
2425:
602:
and bulky cotyledons weighing about 13.2 (± 1.4) g.
2363:
2336:
877:complex, often laminated, which may be covered by
849:and the Malabar and Travancore regions of Kerala.
2770:
2635:
2478:Journal of Experimental Therapeutics and Oncology
3241:
2604:
2199:Pascal, Jean-Pierre; Pelissier, Raphael (1996).
1988:
865:
687:has three species with accepted names, of which
2897:10.2305/iucn.uk.2020-1.rlts.t33029a115932674.en
2723:
2198:
2104:
1772:. Vol. 1. London: Oxford University Press.
1694:10.2305/iucn.uk.2020-1.rlts.t33029a115932674.en
1615:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-1.RLTS.T33029A115932674.en
873:occurs in areas where the underlying rock is a
2172:
2082:"Vateria indica L. - Names of Plants in India"
1792:. Bengaluru: Published by author. p. 42.
940:, and more occasionally by other bees such as
2691:Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society
1187:occurs in forests dominated by trees such as
2138:
1917:
1820:. Peechi.: Kerala Forest Research Institute.
901:
2517:Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology
2432:Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
2337:Venkatesh, K.R.H.; Sushrutha, C.K. (2010).
979:
787:
594:. The average weight of the mature fruit (±
1815:
1635:
1521:at about 30% yield has been isolated from
1369:. The bark, resin, and leaves are used in
1087:fly family Tipulidae, and the larvae of a
78:
51:
31:
2895:
2653:
2443:
2310:
2010:
1692:
1613:
555:
319:
1840:Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics
1787:
1430:
1341:
1298:
905:
791:
307:
2730:International Journal of Ambient Energy
772:: ମନ୍ଦଧୂପ mandadhupa, ସନ୍ଦରସ sandarasa
570:densely clothed in stellate hairs. The
3242:
2856:
2642:Chemical & Pharmaceutical Bulletin
2168:
2166:
1913:
1911:
1909:
1907:
1905:
1903:
1901:
1899:
1897:
1833:
1391:
1231:trees are associated with a number of
1222:
2926:
2925:
2398:
2396:
2332:
2330:
2173:Bhat, P.R.; Kaveriappa, K.M. (2009).
2134:
2132:
1885:
1765:
1649:The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov)
1536:The species was previously listed as
1094:
2409:Journal of Basic and Applied Biology
1881:
1879:
1877:
1875:
1873:
1871:
1869:
1829:
1827:
1811:
1809:
1783:
1781:
1779:
1761:
1759:
1757:
1755:
1753:
1751:
1726:
1724:
1722:
1720:
1718:
1674:
1672:
1670:
1668:
1666:
1331:to be sold as “Malabar White Pine” (
1256:also occur in the bark and twigs of
829:district, but was introduced by the
458:Mature tree showing dome-like canopy
2888:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
2863:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
2163:
1894:
1852:10.1146/annurev.es.19.110188.002023
1732:"Vateria indica - DIPTEROCARPACEAE"
1685:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
1601:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
1557:0.25/kg) to 820 tons in 2009-2010 (
1543:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
1155:, understorey vegetation including
852:
13:
2393:
2343:Linn, Dipterocarpaceae - a review"
2327:
2129:
1563:2.25/kg) and 650 tons in 2011-12 (
1422:anticancer activity against mouse
1408:, vaticanol B, vaticanol C, and ε‐
1021:The trees mainly fruit during the
14:
3286:
1995:L. (Dipterocarpaceae) from India"
1866:
1824:
1806:
1776:
1748:
1715:
1663:
893:forests in Kerala and Karnataka.
857:Within its distributional range,
3250:IUCN Red List vulnerable species
3214:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:321552-1
2490:10.1111/j.1533-869x.2003.01102.x
2312:10.11609/jott.2747.9.3.9962-9970
1590:Dhyani, A.; Barstow, M. (2020).
1460:The leaves have yielded two new
1007:
993:
760:: తెల్లగుగ్గిలము tellaguggilamu
655:
643:
631:
619:
607:
543:
531:
519:
507:
495:
451:
439:
427:
415:
403:
391:
379:
367:
355:
343:
103:
2875:
2850:
2811:
2783:(1). Karnataka, India: 030011.
2764:
2717:
2678:
2629:
2598:
2574:
2543:
2504:
2468:
2419:
2374:
2357:
2286:
2239:
2192:
2098:
2074:
2048:Conservation Genetics Resources
2035:
1982:
1958:
1834:Ashton, Peter S. (1988-11-01).
1531:
1498:Vateria indica oil constituents
1416:) have been shown to have some
818:Hills in the south to southern
728:
2529:10.5958/0974-360X.2018.00955.1
2264:10.1080/15572536.2006.11832775
1643:Vateria indica
1629:
1063:about half the time or in the
303:
1:
2742:10.1080/01430750.2017.1421575
2568:10.1016/S0040-4020(03)00024-3
1576:
1323:timber were shipped from the
866:Geology, soil, and topography
1435:
1167:screw pines, and species of
7:
3270:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
2205:Journal of Tropical Ecology
1790:Forest Trees of South India
1455:
1190:Gymnacranthera farquhariana
667:
10:
3291:
2777:AIP Conference Proceedings
2299:Journal of Threatened Taxa
1970:Plants of the World Online
1495:
1346:Resin oozing from cut bark
896:
2934:
2857:Ashton, P. (1998-01-01).
2217:10.1017/S026646740000941X
1936:10.1007/s40011-015-0535-8
1886:Joshi, H.B., ed. (1980).
902:Flowering and pollination
721:have been identified for
463:
446:Mature tree in tea estate
251:
244:
227:
220:
100:Scientific classification
98:
76:
67:
59:
50:
39:
30:
23:
3275:Vulnerable flora of Asia
3265:Plants described in 1753
2836:10.1002/star.19900420702
2060:10.3929/ethz-b-000066081
2012:10.1508/cytologia.85.123
1491:
1267:, along with species of
980:Fruiting and germination
788:Distribution and habitat
3255:Flora of India (region)
1816:Sasidharan, N. (2004).
1788:Neginhal, S.G. (2004).
1294:
955:Tetragonula iridipennis
502:Young leaf flushing red
2623:10.1002/hlca.200800048
2611:Helvetica Chimica Acta
1608:: e.T33029A115932674.
1440:From the stem bark of
1347:
1312:
1309:Pharmacographia indica
1227:In the Western Ghats,
1152:Syzygium travancoricum
914:
803:
556:Flower, fruit and seed
398:Bark cut, oozing resin
320:Shape, trunk, and bark
316:
296:. It is threatened by
2445:10.4314/tjpr.v19i3.19
1538:Critically Endangered
1431:Chemical constituents
1345:
1302:
1183:swamps of Karnataka,
1127:Dipterocarpus indicus
1119:Myristica dactyloides
1110:Dipterocarpus indicus
909:
795:
703:occurs in Sri Lanka.
550:Single leaf, close-up
311:
1766:Troup, R.S. (1921).
1291:have been reported.
1213:, and the palm
1014:Cluster of seedlings
766:: चंद्रुस chandrusa
566:appears in axillary
2789:2019AIPC.2080c0011G
2655:10.1248/cpb.58.1369
1392:Experimental assays
1223:Fungal associations
1123:Humboldtia brunonis
987:Seeds and seedlings
973:Xylocopa verticalis
920:is bee-pollinated.
700:Vateria copallifera
697:occur in India and
350:Tree trunk and bark
70:Conservation status
2703:10.1007/BF02662160
1348:
1313:
1260:. Species such as
1240:Pisolithus indicus
1207:, the dipterocarp
1095:Plant associations
1023:south-west monsoon
967:Xylocopa rufescens
915:
804:
801:Lokanarkavu Temple
778:: सर्जकः sarjakah
709:Vateria macrocarpa
694:Vateria macrocarpa
673:Vateria malabarica
317:
276:, is a species of
255:Vateria malabarica
3237:
3236:
3157:Open Tree of Life
2928:Taxon identifiers
2797:10.1063/1.5092914
2648:(10): 1369–1378.
1254:Fungal endophytes
1216:Pinanga dicksonii
386:Bark with lichens
265:
264:
259:
93:
3282:
3230:
3229:
3217:
3216:
3204:
3203:
3191:
3190:
3178:
3177:
3165:
3164:
3152:
3151:
3139:
3138:
3126:
3125:
3113:
3112:
3100:
3099:
3087:
3086:
3074:
3073:
3061:
3060:
3048:
3047:
3035:
3034:
3022:
3021:
3009:
3008:
2996:
2995:
2983:
2982:
2970:
2969:
2968:
2955:
2954:
2953:
2923:
2922:
2916:
2915:
2913:
2912:
2899:
2879:
2873:
2872:
2870:
2869:
2854:
2848:
2847:
2815:
2809:
2808:
2768:
2762:
2761:
2721:
2715:
2714:
2682:
2676:
2675:
2657:
2633:
2627:
2626:
2602:
2596:
2595:
2593:
2592:
2578:
2572:
2571:
2562:(8): 1255–1264.
2547:
2541:
2540:
2508:
2502:
2501:
2472:
2466:
2465:
2447:
2423:
2417:
2416:
2400:
2391:
2390:
2378:
2372:
2371:
2361:
2355:
2354:
2334:
2325:
2324:
2314:
2290:
2284:
2283:
2243:
2237:
2236:
2196:
2190:
2189:
2182:Tropical Ecology
2179:
2170:
2161:
2160:
2136:
2127:
2126:
2102:
2096:
2095:
2093:
2092:
2086:sites.google.com
2078:
2072:
2071:
2039:
2033:
2032:
2014:
1986:
1980:
1979:
1977:
1976:
1962:
1956:
1955:
1915:
1892:
1891:
1883:
1864:
1863:
1831:
1822:
1821:
1813:
1804:
1803:
1785:
1774:
1773:
1763:
1746:
1745:
1743:
1742:
1728:
1713:
1712:
1710:
1709:
1696:
1676:
1661:
1660:
1658:
1656:
1633:
1627:
1626:
1624:
1622:
1617:
1587:
1472:bergenin, and a
1307:find mention in
1251:R. atropurpurea.
1204:Mastixia arborea
1011:
1000:Germinating seed
997:
961:Xylocopa latipes
853:Climatic factors
847:Dakshina Kannada
662:Germinating seed
659:
647:
635:
623:
611:
547:
535:
523:
511:
499:
455:
443:
431:
419:
407:
395:
383:
374:Blotches on bark
371:
359:
347:
282:Dipterocarpaceae
257:
233:
189:Dipterocarpaceae
108:
107:
87:
82:
81:
55:
35:
21:
20:
3290:
3289:
3285:
3284:
3283:
3281:
3280:
3279:
3240:
3239:
3238:
3233:
3225:
3220:
3212:
3207:
3199:
3194:
3186:
3181:
3173:
3168:
3160:
3155:
3147:
3142:
3134:
3129:
3121:
3116:
3108:
3103:
3095:
3090:
3082:
3077:
3069:
3064:
3056:
3051:
3043:
3038:
3030:
3025:
3017:
3012:
3004:
2999:
2991:
2986:
2978:
2973:
2964:
2963:
2958:
2949:
2948:
2943:
2930:
2920:
2919:
2910:
2908:
2880:
2876:
2867:
2865:
2855:
2851:
2824:Starch - Stärke
2816:
2812:
2769:
2765:
2722:
2718:
2697:(10): 726–730.
2683:
2679:
2634:
2630:
2603:
2599:
2590:
2588:
2580:
2579:
2575:
2548:
2544:
2509:
2505:
2473:
2469:
2424:
2420:
2401:
2394:
2379:
2375:
2362:
2358:
2335:
2328:
2291:
2287:
2244:
2240:
2197:
2193:
2177:
2171:
2164:
2145:Indian Forester
2137:
2130:
2111:Indian Forester
2103:
2099:
2090:
2088:
2080:
2079:
2075:
2040:
2036:
1987:
1983:
1974:
1972:
1964:
1963:
1959:
1916:
1895:
1884:
1867:
1832:
1825:
1814:
1807:
1800:
1786:
1777:
1764:
1749:
1740:
1738:
1730:
1729:
1716:
1707:
1705:
1677:
1664:
1654:
1652:
1634:
1630:
1620:
1618:
1588:
1584:
1579:
1534:
1500:
1494:
1458:
1438:
1433:
1394:
1297:
1242:and the edible
1233:ectomycorrhizal
1225:
1195:Myristica fatua
1142:Myristica fatua
1103:, particularly
1097:
1019:
1018:
1017:
1016:
1015:
1012:
1003:
1002:
1001:
998:
989:
988:
982:
937:giant honey bee
931:Asian honey bee
904:
899:
868:
855:
806:The species is
790:
731:
670:
663:
660:
651:
648:
639:
636:
627:
624:
615:
612:
558:
551:
548:
539:
536:
527:
524:
515:
512:
503:
500:
466:
459:
456:
447:
444:
435:
432:
423:
420:
411:
408:
399:
396:
387:
384:
375:
372:
363:
360:
351:
348:
322:
306:
240:
235:
229:
216:
102:
94:
83:
79:
72:
17:
16:Species of tree
12:
11:
5:
3288:
3278:
3277:
3272:
3267:
3262:
3257:
3252:
3235:
3234:
3232:
3231:
3218:
3205:
3192:
3179:
3175:Vateria indica
3166:
3153:
3140:
3127:
3114:
3101:
3088:
3075:
3062:
3049:
3036:
3023:
3010:
2997:
2984:
2980:vateria-indica
2971:
2966:Vateria indica
2956:
2940:
2938:
2936:Vateria indica
2932:
2931:
2918:
2917:
2874:
2849:
2830:(7): 247–251.
2810:
2763:
2736:(7): 758–767.
2716:
2677:
2628:
2617:(1): 195–208.
2597:
2573:
2542:
2503:
2467:
2438:(3): 587–594.
2418:
2392:
2373:
2356:
2341:Vateria indica
2326:
2285:
2258:(4): 838–843.
2238:
2211:(2): 191–214.
2191:
2162:
2151:(6): 608–616.
2128:
2117:(9): 635–649.
2097:
2073:
2054:(2): 465–467.
2034:
2005:(2): 123–126.
1993:Vateria indica
1981:
1957:
1930:(4): 857–862.
1893:
1865:
1846:(1): 347–370.
1823:
1805:
1798:
1775:
1747:
1736:www.biotik.org
1714:
1662:
1628:
1594:Vateria indica
1581:
1580:
1578:
1575:
1571:Vateria indica
1533:
1530:
1526:Vateria indica
1503:Vateria indica
1496:Main article:
1493:
1490:
1457:
1454:
1442:Vateria indica
1437:
1434:
1432:
1429:
1414:Vateria indica
1402:Vateria indica
1393:
1390:
1384:Vateria indica
1355:Vateria indica
1321:Vateria indica
1316:Vateria indica
1305:Vateria indica
1296:
1293:
1282:Colletotrichum
1258:Vateria indica
1247:Russula adusta
1229:Vateria indica
1224:
1221:
1185:Vateria indica
1115:Vateria indica
1105:Vateria indica
1096:
1093:
1033:. There is no
1013:
1006:
1005:
1004:
999:
992:
991:
990:
986:
985:
984:
983:
981:
978:
922:Vateria indica
918:Vateria indica
912:Vateria indica
903:
900:
898:
895:
884:Vateria indica
871:Vateria indica
867:
864:
859:Vateria indica
854:
851:
827:Uttara Kannada
797:Vateria indica
789:
786:
730:
727:
723:Vateria indica
716:microsatellite
705:Vateria indica
689:Vateria indica
681:Vateria indica
669:
666:
665:
664:
661:
654:
652:
649:
642:
640:
637:
630:
628:
625:
618:
616:
613:
606:
557:
554:
553:
552:
549:
542:
540:
537:
530:
528:
525:
518:
516:
513:
506:
504:
501:
494:
465:
462:
461:
460:
457:
450:
448:
445:
438:
436:
433:
426:
424:
421:
414:
412:
409:
402:
400:
397:
390:
388:
385:
378:
376:
373:
366:
364:
361:
354:
352:
349:
342:
321:
318:
313:Vateria indica
305:
302:
280:in the family
269:Vateria indica
263:
262:
261:
260:
249:
248:
242:
241:
236:
231:Vateria indica
225:
224:
218:
217:
213:V. indica
210:
208:
204:
203:
196:
192:
191:
186:
182:
181:
176:
172:
171:
166:
159:
158:
153:
146:
145:
140:
133:
132:
127:
120:
119:
114:
110:
109:
96:
95:
77:
74:
73:
68:
65:
64:
61:Vateria indica
57:
56:
48:
47:
45:Anamalai Hills
41:Vateria indica
37:
36:
28:
27:
25:Vateria indica
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3287:
3276:
3273:
3271:
3268:
3266:
3263:
3261:
3258:
3256:
3253:
3251:
3248:
3247:
3245:
3228:
3223:
3219:
3215:
3210:
3206:
3202:
3197:
3193:
3189:
3184:
3180:
3176:
3171:
3167:
3163:
3158:
3154:
3150:
3145:
3141:
3137:
3132:
3128:
3124:
3119:
3115:
3111:
3106:
3102:
3098:
3093:
3089:
3085:
3080:
3076:
3072:
3067:
3063:
3059:
3054:
3050:
3046:
3041:
3037:
3033:
3028:
3024:
3020:
3015:
3011:
3007:
3002:
2998:
2994:
2989:
2985:
2981:
2976:
2972:
2967:
2961:
2957:
2952:
2946:
2942:
2941:
2939:
2937:
2933:
2929:
2924:
2907:
2903:
2898:
2893:
2889:
2885:
2878:
2864:
2860:
2853:
2845:
2841:
2837:
2833:
2829:
2825:
2821:
2814:
2806:
2802:
2798:
2794:
2790:
2786:
2782:
2778:
2774:
2767:
2759:
2755:
2751:
2747:
2743:
2739:
2735:
2731:
2727:
2720:
2712:
2708:
2704:
2700:
2696:
2692:
2688:
2681:
2673:
2669:
2665:
2661:
2656:
2651:
2647:
2643:
2639:
2632:
2624:
2620:
2616:
2612:
2608:
2601:
2587:
2583:
2577:
2569:
2565:
2561:
2557:
2553:
2546:
2538:
2534:
2530:
2526:
2522:
2518:
2514:
2507:
2499:
2495:
2491:
2487:
2484:(5): 283–88.
2483:
2479:
2471:
2463:
2459:
2455:
2451:
2446:
2441:
2437:
2433:
2429:
2422:
2414:
2410:
2406:
2399:
2397:
2388:
2384:
2377:
2369:
2368:
2360:
2352:
2348:
2344:
2342:
2333:
2331:
2322:
2318:
2313:
2308:
2304:
2300:
2296:
2289:
2281:
2277:
2273:
2269:
2265:
2261:
2257:
2253:
2249:
2242:
2234:
2230:
2226:
2222:
2218:
2214:
2210:
2206:
2202:
2195:
2187:
2183:
2176:
2169:
2167:
2158:
2154:
2150:
2146:
2142:
2135:
2133:
2124:
2120:
2116:
2112:
2108:
2101:
2087:
2083:
2077:
2069:
2065:
2061:
2057:
2053:
2049:
2045:
2038:
2030:
2026:
2022:
2018:
2013:
2008:
2004:
2000:
1996:
1994:
1985:
1971:
1967:
1961:
1953:
1949:
1945:
1941:
1937:
1933:
1929:
1925:
1921:
1914:
1912:
1910:
1908:
1906:
1904:
1902:
1900:
1898:
1889:
1882:
1880:
1878:
1876:
1874:
1872:
1870:
1861:
1857:
1853:
1849:
1845:
1841:
1837:
1830:
1828:
1819:
1812:
1810:
1801:
1799:9788190142014
1795:
1791:
1784:
1782:
1780:
1771:
1770:
1762:
1760:
1758:
1756:
1754:
1752:
1737:
1733:
1727:
1725:
1723:
1721:
1719:
1704:
1700:
1695:
1690:
1686:
1682:
1675:
1673:
1671:
1669:
1667:
1650:
1646:
1644:
1638:
1632:
1616:
1611:
1607:
1603:
1602:
1597:
1595:
1586:
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1478:dimeric dimer
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1076:Pheidolegeton
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828:
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817:
816:Agasthyamalai
813:
812:Western Ghats
809:
802:
798:
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785:
783:
779:
777:
773:
771:
767:
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761:
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734:
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724:
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690:
686:
683:L. The genus
682:
678:
674:
658:
653:
646:
641:
634:
629:
626:Inflorescence
622:
617:
614:Inflorescence
610:
605:
604:
603:
601:
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593:
589:
585:
581:
577:
573:
569:
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564:
563:inflorescence
546:
541:
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526:Maturing leaf
522:
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510:
505:
498:
493:
492:
491:
489:
488:
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479:
475:
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454:
449:
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437:
434:Young sapling
430:
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394:
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365:
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353:
346:
341:
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292:mountains in
291:
290:Western Ghats
287:
283:
279:
275:
271:
270:
256:
253:
252:
250:
247:
243:
239:
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232:
226:
223:
222:Binomial name
219:
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130:Tracheophytes
128:
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111:
106:
101:
97:
91:
86:
75:
71:
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63:illustration
62:
58:
54:
49:
46:
43:tree, in the
42:
38:
34:
29:
26:
22:
19:
2935:
2909:. Retrieved
2887:
2877:
2866:. Retrieved
2862:
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2827:
2823:
2813:
2780:
2776:
2766:
2733:
2729:
2719:
2694:
2690:
2680:
2645:
2641:
2631:
2614:
2610:
2600:
2589:. Retrieved
2586:ResearchGate
2585:
2576:
2559:
2555:
2545:
2523:(12): 5238.
2520:
2516:
2506:
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2251:
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2208:
2204:
2194:
2185:
2181:
2148:
2144:
2114:
2110:
2100:
2089:. Retrieved
2085:
2076:
2051:
2047:
2037:
2002:
1998:
1992:
1984:
1973:. Retrieved
1969:
1960:
1927:
1923:
1887:
1843:
1839:
1817:
1789:
1768:
1739:. Retrieved
1735:
1706:. Retrieved
1684:
1653:. Retrieved
1648:
1642:
1631:
1619:. Retrieved
1605:
1599:
1593:
1585:
1570:
1565:
1559:
1553:
1541:
1535:
1532:Conservation
1528:seed meals.
1525:
1515:stearic acid
1502:
1501:
1482:O-glucosides
1474:benzophenone
1459:
1444:, two novel
1441:
1439:
1417:
1413:
1401:
1395:
1383:
1354:
1349:
1332:
1320:
1315:
1314:
1308:
1304:
1286:
1280:
1274:
1268:
1263:Coniothyrium
1261:
1257:
1250:
1246:
1239:
1228:
1226:
1214:
1208:
1202:
1198:
1194:
1188:
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1156:
1150:
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1141:
1134:
1131:
1126:
1122:
1118:
1114:
1108:
1104:
1101:dipterocarps
1098:
1074:
1068:
1020:
971:
965:
959:
953:
947:
943:Lasioglossum
941:
935:
929:
921:
917:
916:
911:
888:
883:
870:
869:
858:
856:
824:
805:
796:
780:
774:
768:
762:
756:
750:
746:
741:
735:
732:
729:Common names
722:
713:
708:
704:
698:
692:
688:
684:
680:
672:
671:
587:
579:
571:
561:
559:
486:
481:
469:
467:
331:
326:
323:
312:
298:habitat loss
274:white dammar
273:
268:
267:
266:
254:
230:
228:
212:
211:
199:
162:
149:
136:
123:
60:
40:
24:
18:
3188:kew-2458434
3079:iNaturalist
2960:Wikispecies
2556:Tetrahedron
2305:(3): 9962.
1621:17 November
1507:fatty acids
1470:isocoumarin
1462:resveratrol
1446:stilbenoids
1406:hopeaphenol
1288:Penicillium
1276:Aspergillus
1210:Hopea ponga
1173:Acanthaceae
1043:curculionid
910:Flowers of
820:Maharashtra
675:Blume is a
590:with large
538:Mature leaf
304:Description
143:Angiosperms
3244:Categories
3183:Plant List
2911:2021-01-25
2868:2021-01-25
2591:2021-01-28
2188:: 329–337.
2091:2020-11-18
1975:2020-11-18
1741:2020-11-18
1708:2020-11-18
1637:USDA, NRCS
1577:References
1548:Vulnerable
1513:(48%) and
1511:oleic acid
1333:Vellapiney
1327:region to
1270:Acremonium
1244:macrofungi
1238:including
1081:leaf-miner
1065:cotyledons
592:cotyledons
514:Leaf flush
478:leaf flush
422:Branchlets
332:branchlets
85:Vulnerable
2906:241984296
2844:1521-379X
2805:108152532
2758:134423703
2750:0143-0750
2664:0009-2363
2537:0974-3618
2462:226082679
2454:1596-9827
2389:(1): 4–6.
2321:0974-7907
2280:218588805
2272:0027-5514
2252:Mycologia
2225:0266-4674
2157:2321-094X
2123:2321-094X
2068:1877-7252
2029:225726485
2021:0011-4545
1999:Cytologia
1944:2250-1746
1860:0066-4162
1703:241984296
1466:oligomers
1436:Stem bark
1410:viniferin
1371:Ayurvedic
1199:magnifica
1181:Myristica
1161:bamboos,
1158:Ochlandra
1146:magnifica
1135:Myristica
1089:Lymantrid
889:Myristica
743:Malayalam
207:Species:
113:Kingdom:
3227:50061732
3222:Tropicos
3110:10214195
3097:321552-1
3032:51610710
2951:Q2576684
2945:Wikidata
2711:83652931
2672:20930407
2498:14696625
2415:: 72–79.
2383:MFP News
2233:84551369
1952:29812036
1639:(n.d.).
1523:defatted
1486:tetramer
1450:bergenin
1419:in vitro
1337:sleepers
1311:(1890).
1303:Uses of
1164:Pandanus
1085:Dipteran
1070:Pheidole
1061:pericarp
1050:scolytid
1039:Sringeri
1035:dormancy
1031:vivipary
949:Ceratina
879:laterite
875:gneissic
843:Yellapur
839:Siddapur
776:Sanskrit
668:Taxonomy
600:pericarp
568:panicles
487:venation
482:petioles
474:glabrous
284:. It is
246:Synonyms
185:Family:
179:Malvales
156:Eudicots
90:IUCN 3.1
3260:Vateria
3149:1260927
3058:3189688
3014:Ecocrop
2785:Bibcode
1655:28 July
1540:in the
1424:sarcoma
1398:amnesic
1325:Malabar
1177:gingers
1083:of the
1057:plumule
1027:radicle
897:Ecology
810:to the
808:endemic
782:English
764:Marathi
752:Kannada
719:markers
685:Vateria
677:Synonym
572:flowers
288:to the
286:endemic
200:Vateria
195:Genus:
175:Order:
117:Plantae
88: (
3196:PLANTS
3162:948125
3123:506788
3084:444621
3071:400357
2993:486594
2975:ARKive
2904:
2842:
2803:
2756:
2748:
2709:
2670:
2662:
2535:
2496:
2460:
2452:
2353:: 1–7.
2319:
2278:
2270:
2231:
2223:
2155:
2121:
2066:
2027:
2019:
1950:
1942:
1858:
1796:
1701:
1519:starch
1456:Leaves
1375:Siddha
1359:dammar
1329:Bombay
1285:, and
1175:, and
1169:aroids
1125:, and
1053:beetle
1048:and a
1046:weevil
970:, and
841:, and
758:Telugu
638:Flower
584:sepals
576:petals
470:leaves
464:Leaves
272:, the
169:Rosids
3201:VAIN5
3136:33029
3105:IRMNG
3045:VATIN
3019:10741
3006:7FJWJ
2902:S2CID
2801:S2CID
2754:S2CID
2707:S2CID
2458:S2CID
2276:S2CID
2229:S2CID
2178:(PDF)
2025:S2CID
1948:S2CID
1699:S2CID
1509:like
1492:Seeds
1379:Unani
1367:copal
1351:Resin
1236:fungi
1197:var.
1179:. In
1144:var.
1137:swamp
1079:), a
891:swamp
835:Sirsi
831:Sonda
737:Tamil
650:Fruit
580:fruit
410:Roots
336:hairs
294:India
258:Blume
163:Clade
150:Clade
137:Clade
124:Clade
3209:POWO
3170:PfaF
3144:NCBI
3131:IUCN
3118:ITIS
3092:IPNI
3066:GRIN
3053:GBIF
3040:EPPO
2988:BOLD
2840:ISSN
2781:2080
2746:ISSN
2668:PMID
2660:ISSN
2533:ISSN
2494:PMID
2450:ISSN
2317:ISSN
2268:ISSN
2221:ISSN
2153:ISSN
2119:ISSN
2064:ISSN
2017:ISSN
1940:ISSN
1856:ISSN
1794:ISBN
1657:2015
1623:2021
1606:2020
1468:, a
1363:ghee
1295:Uses
1249:and
1149:and
1107:and
1073:and
934:and
926:mast
770:Odia
691:and
588:seed
560:The
468:The
362:Bark
327:bark
278:tree
3027:EoL
3001:CoL
2892:doi
2832:doi
2793:doi
2738:doi
2699:doi
2650:doi
2619:doi
2564:doi
2525:doi
2486:doi
2440:doi
2307:doi
2260:doi
2213:doi
2149:140
2056:doi
2007:doi
1932:doi
1848:doi
1689:doi
1610:doi
1386:oil
1353:of
1265:sp.
1132:In
799:at
679:of
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