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20:
518:
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291:
The temperature coefficient can be reduced by shifting to an unsaturated design, the predominant type today. However, an unsaturated cell's output decreases by some 80 microvolts per year, which is compensated by periodic calibration against a saturated cell.
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As shown in the illustration, the cell is set up in an H-shaped glass vessel with the cadmium amalgam in one leg and the pure mercury in the other. Electrical connections to the cadmium amalgam and the mercury are made by
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211:
One of the great advantages of the Weston normal cell is its small change of electromotive force with change of temperature. At any temperature
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by W. E. Ayrton and T. Mather, published by
Cassell and Company, London, 1911, pp 198â203
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of pure mercury over which a paste of mercurous sulfate and mercury is placed. The
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Reference cells must be applied in such a way that no current is drawn from them.
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by Walter J. Hamer, National Bureau of
Standards Monograph 84, January 15, 1965.
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353:(58). Washington, D.C.: USA Government Printing Office: 39. 25 September 1916
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Drawing from Edward Weston's US Patent 494827 depicting the standard cell.
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This temperature formula was adopted by the London conference of 1908
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Standard Cells, Their
Construction, Maintenance, and Characteristics
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The original design was a saturated cadmium cell producing a
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Introduction to instrumentation and measurements 2nd ed
200:reference and had the advantage of having a lower
16:Wet chemical cell that produces a precise voltage
920:
135:wires fused through the lower ends of the legs.
39:Standard cell, extracted from case. Made in USSR
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347:Circular of the National Bureau of Standards
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409:Standard Cells for E.M.F. Determinations
34:
26:
18:
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59:suitable as a laboratory standard for
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75:from 1911 until superseded by the
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343:"Electric units and standards"
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55:that produces a highly stable
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10:
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77:Josephson voltage standard
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827:
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606:Metalâair electrochemical
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514:
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421:Special-purpose batteries
204:than the previously used
165:(s) + 2e â 2Hg(l) +
202:temperature coefficient
142:Cd(s) â Cd(aq) + 2e
908:Semipermeable membrane
697:Lithiumâironâphosphate
40:
32:
24:
779:Rechargeable alkaline
457:Electrochemical cells
376:Practical Electricity
302:List of battery types
38:
30:
22:
759:Nickelâmetal hydride
49:Weston standard cell
769:Polysulfideâbromide
611:Nickel oxyhydroxide
503:Thermogalvanic cell
383:U.S. patent 494,827
320:Robert B. Northrop
532:(non-rechargeable)
476:Concentration cell
414:2011-08-07 at the
113:saturated solution
41:
33:
25:
934:Mercury (element)
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915:
125:mercurous sulfate
53:wet-chemical cell
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712:Lithiumâtitanate
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481:Electric battery
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702:Lithiumâpolymer
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185:Characteristics
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656:(rechargeable)
652:Secondary cell
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403:External links
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139:Anode reaction
123:is a paste of
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67:. Invented by
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69:Edward Weston
66:
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37:
29:
21:
814:Zincâbromine
625:
621:Silver oxide
556:Chromic acid
528:Primary cell
508:Voltaic pile
486:Flow battery
393:
388:Voltaic cell
387:
375:
355:. Retrieved
350:
346:
337:
321:
316:
290:
287:
268:/°C â 20) +
254:/°C â 20) â
210:
188:
180:
129:
86:
48:
44:
42:
903:Salt bridge
888:Electrolyte
819:Zincâcerium
804:Solid state
789:Silverâzinc
764:Nickelâzinc
749:Nickelâiron
724:Molten salt
692:Dual carbon
687:Lithium ion
682:Lithiumâair
641:Zincâcarbon
616:Siliconâair
596:Lithiumâair
121:depolarizer
109:electrolyte
61:calibration
45:Weston cell
31:Weston cell
923:Categories
856:Cell parts
847:Solar cell
829:Other cell
794:Sodium ion
665:Automotive
370:Literature
308:References
221:40 °C
206:Clark cell
119:, and the
65:voltmeters
893:Half-cell
883:Electrode
842:Fuel cell
719:Metalâair
670:Leadâacid
586:Leclanché
498:Fuel cell
282:/°C â 20)
217:0 °C
83:Chemistry
79:in 1990.
873:Catalyst
734:Nanowire
729:Nanopore
675:gelâVRLA
636:Zincâair
541:Alkaline
412:Archived
296:See also
215:between
133:platinum
878:Cathode
631:Zamboni
601:Mercury
566:Daniell
357:12 July
332:page 14
105:cathode
103:with a
101:mercury
97:cadmium
93:amalgam
57:voltage
868:Binder
626:Weston
551:Bunsen
328:
195:
91:is an
863:Anode
581:Grove
561:Clark
464:Types
270:0.000
256:0.000
245:0.000
243:/V â
236:/V =
191:1.018
111:is a
99:with
89:anode
51:is a
898:Ions
359:2016
351:1916
326:ISBN
247:0406
219:and
177:(aq)
150:(Hg)
87:The
43:The
571:Dry
386:, "
272:000
258:000
193:638
115:of
95:of
73:EMF
63:of
47:or
925::
349:.
345:.
275:01
261:95
241:20
223:,
208:.
167:SO
155:SO
127:.
449:e
442:t
435:v
390:"
361:.
284:.
280:t
278:(
266:t
264:(
252:t
250:(
238:E
233:t
229:E
213:t
197:V
172:4
160:4
152:2
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