Nun - Knowledge

971: 304: 817: 1503: 837: 1449:"Acknowledged communities": These communities live a traditional Christian life, including the taking of vows, but the traditional vows are adapted or changed. In many cases these communities admit both single and married persons as members, requiring celibacy on the part of those who are single, and unfailing commitment to their spouse on the part of married members. They also amend the vow of poverty, allowing personal possessions, but requiring high standards of tithing to the community and the wider church. These communities often have residential elements, but not full residential community life, as this would be incompatible with some elements of married family life. 802: 504:, for example) observe "papal enclosure" rules, and their nunneries typically have walls separating the nuns from the outside world. The nuns rarely leave (except for medical necessity or occasionally for purposes related to their contemplative life) though they may receive visitors in specially built parlors, often with either a grille or half-wall separating the nuns from visitors. They are usually self-sufficient, earning money by selling jams, candies or baked goods by mail order, or by making liturgical items (such as vestments, candles, or hosts to be consecrated at Mass for Holy Communion). 138: 863:, and no aristocrats. Religious orders were founded by entrepreneurial women who saw a need and an opportunity, and were staffed by devout women from poor families. The numbers grew rapidly, from 900 sisters in 15 communities in 1840, 50,000 in 170 orders in 1900, and 135,000 in 300 different orders by 1930. Starting in 1820, the sisters always outnumbered the priests and brothers. Their numbers peaked in 1965 at 180,000 then plunged to 56,000 in 2010. Many women left their orders, and few new members were added. Since the 5503: 296: 4875: 1278: 1172: 50: 118: 8327: 472: 265: 1334: 1973: 953: 8316: 6244: 5268: 1203: 147: 487: 1155: 4247: 158: 1253:

formed religious communities, with community living, and the option of life vows in religion. The modern movement reached a zenith about 1910, then slowly declined as secularization undercut religiosity in Europe, and the professionalization of nursing and social work offered better career opportunities for young women. A small movement still exists, and its legacy is seen in the names of numerous hospitals.

1446:"Dispersed communities": These are orders or communities whose members, whilst taking vows (including celibacy), do not live together in community. In most cases the members are self-supporting and live alone, but follow the same Rule of life, and meet together frequently in assemblies often known as 'Chapter meetings'. In some cases some members may share a common life in very small groups of two or three. 127: 1326: 1265:). This has allowed for communities of nuns (or, in some cases, mixed communities of nuns and monks) to be re-established in some Protestant traditions. Many of these are within the episcopal Lutheran tradition and the closeness of Lutheranism with Anglicanism in its belief and practice has led to local arrangements of inter-Communion between the two traditions, such as the 468:. These are known as the 'evangelical counsels' as opposed to 'monastic vows' proper. Most orders of nuns not listed here follow one of these two patterns, with some Orders taking an additional vow related to the specific work or character of their Order (for example, to undertake a certain style of devotion, praying for a specific intention or purpose). 285: 1104:" of which there is only one style for Orthodox monastics (this is true in general, there have been a few slight regional variations over the centuries, but the style always seems to precipitate back to a style common in the 3rd or 4th century). If a novice chooses to leave during the novitiate period no penalty is incurred. 557:, taking the traditional religious vows, and the secular canoness, who did not take vows and thus remained free to own property and leave to marry, should they choose. This was primarily a way of leading a pious life for the women of aristocratic families and generally disappeared in the modern age, except for the modern 923:

official vows. As she lives in the convent she is closely monitored by the other women in the community to determine if her vocation is genuine. This would be officially determined by a vote from the choir nuns. If the aspiring nun passes the scrutiny of the women of the religious community, she then can make her

990:, and other languages of primarily Christian Orthodox nations, both domiciles are called "monasteries" and the ascetics who live therein are "monastics". In English, however, it is acceptable to use the terms "nun" and "convent" for clarity and convenience. The term for an abbess is the feminine form of abbot ( 1252:

office for women began in Germany in the 1840s and spread through Scandinavia, Britain and the United States, with some elements of the religious life, such as simple vows, and a daily obligation of prayer. Lutherans were especially active, and within both Lutheranism and Anglicanism some Deaconesses

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to ensure that monasteries abided by the decrees of the Council of Trent. This changed the way in which nuns would live. One edict of the Council of Trent was that female monasteries be enclosed in order to limit nuns' relationship with the secular world. Enclosure of monasteries during this time was

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only with great reluctance, predicting that the move would lead to Buddhism's collapse after 500 years, rather than the 1,000 years it would have enjoyed otherwise. (This prophecy occurs only once in the Canon and is the only prophecy involving time in the Canon, leading some to suspect that it is a

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if the house is an abbey, a prioress if it is a monastery, or more generically may be referred to as "Mother Superior" and styled "Reverend Mother". The distinction between abbey and monastery has to do with the terms used by a particular order or by the level of independence of the religious house.

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in 747 was established by the consort of the Emperor. It took charge of provincial convents, performed ceremonies for the protection of the state, and became the site of pilgrimages. Aristocratic Japanese women often became Buddhist nuns in the premodern period. Originally it was thought they could

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To be considered as a nun, one must have the economic means to afford the convent dowry. During this time convent dowries were affordable, compared to secular marriages between a man and a woman. Typically during early modern Spain many nuns were from elite families who had the means to afford the

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St. Brigid's oblate group has grown to 16 members since the dedication of the monastery on St. Brigid's feast in 2000. Besides Stamps, it counts another 13 United Methodists, one Catholic and one Disciples of Christ member. The ages of group members range from 23 to 82. One-third of them are men;

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bhikkhuni) lineage, having been lost, in India and Tibet, for centuries. Gelongma ordination requires the presence of ten fully ordained people keeping exactly the same vows. Because ten nuns are required to ordain a new one, the effort to establish the Dharmaguptaka bhikkhu tradition has taken a

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All my informants in the areas of Taipei and Sanhsia considered nuns at least as respectable as monks, or even more so. In contrast, however, Shiu-kuen Tsung found in Taipei county that female clergy were viewed with some suspicion by society. She reports that while outsiders did not necessarily

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Once an aspiring nun has entered the convent and has the economic means to afford the dowry, she undergoes the process of apprenticeship known as the novitiate period. The novitiate period typically lasts 1–2 years, and during this time the aspiring nun lives the life of a nun without taking the

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Nuns have played an important role in Canada, especially in heavily Catholic Quebec. Outside the home, Canadian women had few domains which they controlled. An important exception came with Catholic nuns, especially in Québec. Stimulated by the influence in France, the popular religiosity of the

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Whilst there is no single central authority for all religious orders, and many member churches of the Anglican Communion have their own internal structures for recognising and regulating religious orders, some central functions are performed by the Anglican Religious Communities Department at

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The monastery is mentioned for the first time in 1197. It belongs to the group of so-called Lüneklöstern (monasteries of Lüne), which became Lutheran convents following the Protestant Reformation. It is currently one of several Lutheran convents maintained by the Monastic Chamber of Hanover

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tradition has a history of more female participation, and that the economic growth and loosening of family restriction have allowed more women to become nuns. Based on studies of the Luminary order, Cheng concluded that the monastic order in Taiwan was still young and gave nuns more room for

1122:) to wear, and (because she is now dead to the world) receives a new name. Nuns consider themselves part of a sisterhood; however, tonsured nuns are usually addressed as "Mother" (in some convents, the title of "Mother" is reserved to those who enter into the next level of Stavrophore). 1456:

In the United States (only), there is a clear distinction between "orders" and "communities", as the Episcopal Church has its own two-fold definition of "religious orders" (equivalent to the first two groups above) and "Christian communities" (equivalent to the third group above). The

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invasions of other Catholic countries, depriving thousands of religious of the income that their communities held because of inheritances and forcing them to find a new way of living the religious life. But members of these new associations were not recognized as "religious" until

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In general, Orthodox monastics have little or no contact with the outside world, especially family. The pious family whose child decides to enter the monastic profession understands that their child will become "dead to the world" and therefore be unavailable for social visits.

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The relatively active roles of Taiwanese nuns were noted by some studies. Researcher Charles Brewer Jones estimates that from 1951 to 1999, when the Buddhist Association of the ROC organized public ordination, female applicants outnumbered males by about three to one. He adds:

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associated with chastity. Another decree issued by the Council of Trent was that religious devotion be "true and voluntary". A male clergy member would ask the aspiring nuns if whether or not their vocation was "true and voluntary" in order to ensure no enforced conversion.

1452:"Other communities": This group contains communities that are ecumenical (including Anglicans) or that belong to non-Anglican churches that have entered into relationships of full communion with the Anglican Church (particularly, but not only, certain Lutheran churches). 1146:" is reached by nuns whose Abbess feels they have reached a high level of excellence. In some monastic traditions the Great Schema is only given to monks and nuns on their death bed, while in others they may be elevated after as little as 25 years of service. 1018:). Orthodox monastics do not have distinct "orders" as in Western Christianity. Orthodox monks and nuns lead identical spiritual lives. There may be slight differences in the way a monastery functions internally but these are simply differences in style (Gr. 858:

Nuns and sisters played a major role in American religion, education, nursing and social work since the early 19th century. In Catholic Europe, convents were heavily endowed over the centuries, and were sponsored by the aristocracy. There were very few rich

2450:"Illud solum votum debere dici solemne ... quod solemnizatum fuerit per suceptionem S. Ordinis aut per professionem expressam vel tacitam factam alicui de religionibus per Sedem Apostolicam approbatis" (C. unic. de voto, tit. 15, lib. III in 6, quoted in 1383:

The structure and function of religious orders in Anglicanism roughly parallels that which exists in Catholicism. Religious communities are divided into orders proper, in which members take solemn vows and congregations, whose members take simple vows.

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The ordination of monks and nuns in Tibetan Buddhism distinguishes three stages: rabjung-ma, getshül-ma and gelong-ma. The clothes of the nuns in Tibet are basically the same as those of monks, but there are differences between novice and

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The example of the Deaconess communities eventually led to the establishment of religious communities of monks and nuns within some Protestant traditions, particularly those influenced by the more liturgical Protestant reformers (such as

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The new legal code of the Catholic Church which was adopted in 1983, however, remained silent on this matter. Whereas previously the code distinguished between orders and congregations, the code now refers simply to religious institutes.

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convent dowry and "maintenance allowances", which were annual fees. Monasteries were economically supported through convent dowries. Convent dowries could be waived if the aspiring nun had an artistic ability benefiting the monastery.

4473: 2572:""Cor Orans" – Implementing Instruction of the Apostolic Constitution "Vultum Dei quaerere" on women's contemplative life, of the Congregation for the Institutes of Consecrated Life and the Societies of Apostolic Life (1 April 2018)" 507:

They often undertake contemplative ministries – that is, a community of nuns is often associated with prayer for some particular good or supporting the missions of another order by prayer (for instance, the Dominican nuns of

3059:(Klosterkammer Hannover), an institution of the former Kingdom of Hanover founded by its Prince-Regent, later King George IV of the United Kingdom, in 1818, in order to manage and preserve the estates of Lutheran convents. 1443:"Traditional celibate religious orders and communities": Members take a vow of celibacy (amongst other vows) and follow a common Rule of life. They may be enclosed and contemplative or open and engaged in apostolic works. 528:

sisters, some in mission locations, who pray for the work of the priests, brothers, and other sisters of their congregation, and since Vatican II have added retreat work and spiritual guidance to their apostolate; the

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who performed upkeep of the monastery or errands outside the cloister. This last task is still often entrusted to women, called "externs", who live in the monastery, but outside the enclosure. They were usually either

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and a veil, the most significant and ancient aspect of the habit. Some orders – such as the Dominicans – wear a large rosary on their belt. Benedictine abbesses wear a cross or crucifix on a chain around their neck.

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in Anglicanism in the early 19th century came interest in the revival of "religious life" in England. Between 1841 and 1855, several religious orders for nuns were founded, among them the Community of St. Mary at

5451: 577:" is often used by The Benedictine family to speak of the buildings and "convent" when referring to the community. Neither is gender specific. 'Convent' is often used of the houses of certain other institutes. 4483: 1132:. Once again, in a formal service the nun is elevated to the "Little Schema" which is signified by additions to her habit of certain symbolic articles of clothing. In addition, the abbess increases the nun's 4664: 4206: 6079: 4433: 2236: 1361:). Monasteries and convents were deprived of their lands and possessions, and monastics were forced to either live a secular life on a pension or flee the country. Many Catholic nuns went to France. 3734:

Williams, Maria Patricia (2015). "Mobilising Mother Cabrini's educational practice: the transnational context of the London school of the Missionary Sisters of the Sacred Heart of Jesus 1898–1911".

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rejected this class of congregation, but they continued to exist and even increased in number. After at first being merely tolerated, they afterwards obtained approval. Finally in the 20th century,

653:, founded in the 13th century, combined a life of prayer and dedication to God with active works of preaching, hearing confessions, and service to the poor, and members of these orders are known as 752:) for religious women who took solemn vows or who, while being allowed in some places to take simple vows, belonged to institutes whose vows were normally solemn. It used the word "sister" (Latin: 2550: 4613: 4448: 4659: 2579: 413:

last one to three years, typically, and will be professed for not less than three years and not more than six. Finally, she will petition to make her "perpetual profession", taking permanent,

553:, usually following the Rule of St. Augustine. The origin and rules of monastic life are common to both. As with the canons, differences in the observance of rule gave rise to two types: the 5989: 4538: 4393: 7003: 6840: 3398: 4443: 4388: 801: 4669: 4593: 4403: 4236: 1907: 6131: 2600: 4588: 4528: 4503: 4428: 1461:

directory affirms this, stating "This distinction in not used in other parts of the Anglican Communion where 'communities' is also used for those who take traditional vows."

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Lay-sisters: Lower-class women, assigned tasks related to the labour of the convent, generally were not given the opportunities to read and write, and paid a lower dowry.

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In the United States and Canada, the founding of Anglican religious orders of nuns began in 1845 with the Sisterhood of the Holy Communion (now defunct) in New York.

886:, new orders for women began appearing in the seventeenth century. In the next three centuries women opened dozens of independent religious orders, funded in part by 6595: 1481: 8010: 6100: 4383: 927:. Prior to making the vows, the family of the nun is expected to pay the convent dowry. Nuns were also expected to renounce their inheritance and property rights. 608:

states: "Religious are to wear the habit of the institute, made according to the norm of proper law, as a sign of their consecration and as a witness of poverty."

3467: 3132: 3045: 5305: 4378: 808: 6625: 4568: 4398: 1245:) adopted the Lutheran Christian faith. Other convents, especially those in Reformed areas, closed after the Reformation, with some sisters deciding to marry. 3324: 4603: 4513: 1128:

The next level for monastics takes place some years after the first tonsure when the abbess feels the nun has reached a level of discipline, dedication, and

2228: 1776: 7930: 6034: 1875:, formerly the successful academic scholar Dr. Chatsumarn Kabilsingh, established a controversial monastery for the training of Buddhist nuns in Thailand. 3827: 2542: 7028: 5756: 5403: 4752: 2451: 1821:

As with monks, there is quite a lot of variation in nuns' dress and social conventions between Buddhist cultures in Asia. Chinese nuns possess the full

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throughout the day in church, usually in a solemn manner. They were formerly distinguished within the monastic community as "choir nuns", as opposed to

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can override an abbess within the walls of her monastery). Abbots and Abbesses rank in authority equal to bishops in many ways and were included in

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she first undergoes a period of testing life for six months to two years called a postulancy. If she, and the order, determine that she may have a

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recognized as religious all men and women who took simple vows. Their lives were oriented not to the ancient monastic way of life, but more to

60: 764:(women religious). The same religious order could include both "nuns" and "sisters", if some members took solemn vows and others simple vows. 8208: 7995: 6998: 6335: 5614: 5602: 5242: 1133: 1044:. Orthodox monasteries are usually associated with a local synod of bishops by jurisdiction, but are otherwise self-governing. Abbesses hear 688:

Originally, the vows taken by profession in any religious institute approved by the Holy See were classified as solemn. This was declared by

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is any home of a community of sisters – or, indeed, of priests and brothers, though this term is rarely used in the United States. The term "

3395: 1961:, which said women could not attain Buddhahood until they changed into men. However, in 1249, 12 women received full ordination as priests. 6878: 3262: 934:

Choir nuns: Usually from elite families, they held office, could vote within the convent, and were given the opportunity to read and write.

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member of a women's religious order (as of nuns or deaconesses); especially : one of a Roman Catholic congregation under simple vows

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Wei-yi Cheng studied the Luminary (Hsiang Kuang 香光) order in southern Taiwan. Cheng reviewed earlier studies which suggest that Taiwan's

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traditions have nuns, although their status is different among Buddhist countries. The Buddha is reported to have allowed women into the

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Lehfeldt, Elizabeth A. (1999-01-01). "Discipline, Vocation, and Patronage: Spanish Religious Women in a Tridentine Microclimate".

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See Title III, Canon 24, sections 1 and 2 of the Canons of the Episcopal Church in the United States of America, also quoted at

600:, many religious institutes chose in their own regulations to no longer wear the traditional habit and did away with choosing a 6443: 6438: 6116: 6084: 6001: 5931: 5291: 4458: 4423: 4373: 1420: 2521: 588:

which is a garment of long wide piece of woolen cloth worn over the shoulders with an opening for the head. Some wear a white

8147: 8095: 6727: 5761: 5590: 4453: 3193: 3153: 2373: 2290: 2208: 2189: 2170: 2151: 530: 8085: 7821: 6339: 6274: 5951: 5791: 5738: 5445: 4343: 4216: 3935: 436:, among others) nuns take vows of stability (that is, to remain a member of a single monastic community), obedience (to an 3110: 1762: 8125: 7955: 6863: 6610: 5904: 4654: 2735: 2066: 1435:, a world directory of religious orders, and also maintains an official Anglican Communion website for religious orders. 902:

Prior to women becoming nuns during early modern Spain, aspired nuns underwent a process. The process was ensured by the

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foremost nuns such as Mae Ji Kaew Sianglam, the founder of the Nunnery of Baan Huai Saai, who is believed by some to be

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provided by the parents of young nuns. The orders specialized in charitable works, including hospitals, orphanages,

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died out, though in many places they wear the "saffron" colored robes, observing only ten precepts like novices.

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Veale, Ailish (2016). "International and Modern Ideals in Irish Female Medical Missionary Activity, 1937–1962".

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is a woman who vows to dedicate her life to religious service and contemplation, typically living under vows of

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and attempted to bring forward the ideas regarding contemplative life born during the Second Vatican Council".

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of the order (usually with some modification, normally a white veil instead of black, to distinguish her from

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Schmitz, Timothy J. (2006-01-01). "The Spanish Hieronymites and the Reformed Texts of the Council of Trent".

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the sisters have directed their ministries more to the poor, working more directly among them and with them.

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It is permissible for a Tibetan nun to receive bhikkhuni ordination from another living tradition, e.g., in

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During the first millennium, nearly all religious communities of men and women were dedicated to prayer and

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When the abbess deems the novice ready, the novice is asked to join the monastery. If she accepts, she is

405:, a period (that lasts one to two years) of living the life of the religious institute without yet taking 8193: 6943: 6811: 6680: 6163: 6051: 6017: 5966: 5160: 5020: 4943: 4684: 4649: 4628: 4518: 4408: 4368: 4273: 4062: 3920: 982:

In the Eastern Orthodox Church there is no distinction between a monastery for women and one for men. In

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are also cloistered sisters who receive visitors and pray in support of their sister congregation, the

3845: 1867:. At the beginning of the 21st century, some Buddhist women in Thailand have started to introduce the 8300: 8246: 7917: 7867: 7557: 7512: 6620: 6200: 6111: 5861: 5696: 5543: 4864: 4821: 4816: 4598: 4348: 4221: 3821: 3705: 3639: 3616: 2437: 1860: 1412: 1397: 342: 3833:

of the Vatican's Congregation for Institutes of Consecrated Life and for Societies of Apostolic Life

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Glocal Place, Lived Space: Everyday Life in a Tibetan Buddhist Monastery for Nuns in Northern India

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regard their vocation as unworthy of respect, they still tended to view the nuns as social misfits.

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The Emmanuel Sisterhood in Cameroon, Africa, is part of the Presbyterian Church in Cameroon (PCC).

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In some Anglican orders, there are sisters who have been ordained and can celebrate the Eucharist.

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Monastic Matrix: A Scholarly Resource for the Study of Women's Religious Communities 400–1600 C.E.

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Thomas Carr, Jr., "Writing the Convent in New France: The Colonialist Rhetoric of Canadian Nuns",

775:, the Vatican has addressed the renewal of the contemplative life of nuns. It produced the letter 708:

attached to existing communities who undertook to live a formal religious life. In 1566 and 1568,

444:), and conversion of life (which includes poverty and celibacy). In other traditions, such as the 8356: 8251: 7883: 7844: 7811: 7257: 7237: 7105: 6983: 6933: 6712: 6513: 6453: 5956: 5708: 5439: 5349: 5131: 5010: 4313: 4278: 4201: 1424: 517: 494: 212: 3256: 1380:

which bishops, priests, and deacons receive), though many communities do have ordained members.

349:, while sisters do not live in the papal enclosure and formerly took vows called "simple vows". 8320: 8261: 8256: 7890: 7696: 7617: 7542: 7422: 7100: 6988: 6928: 6605: 6493: 6063: 5814: 5626: 5232: 5115: 4852: 4323: 4318: 4186: 3680: 1683: 864: 772: 745: 693: 597: 584:, which is tied around the waist with a cloth or leather belt. Over the tunic some nuns wear a 398: 38: 3532: 3342: 3095: 2937:

Taggard, Mindy Nancarrow (2000-01-01). "Art and Alienation in Early Modern Spanish Convents".

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and in mission areas. Their number had increased dramatically in the upheavals brought by the

8025: 7852: 7277: 7058: 6923: 6769: 6475: 6413: 6372: 6357: 6173: 6106: 5779: 5667: 5661: 5520: 4806: 4801: 4353: 4308: 4288: 2630:"The Theresienne Sisters of Basankusu (La congrégation des soeurs thérésiennes de Basankusu)" 1872: 1856: 1346: 1045: 534: 277: 7429: 7398: 7295: 7176: 7090: 6970: 6873: 6590: 6585: 6508: 6458: 6389: 6367: 5620: 5409: 5126: 5091: 5025: 5015: 4913: 4891: 3950: 3736: 2297:§3, CIC 1983, SCRIS instruction, "Venite seorsum" August 15, 1969, in AAS 61 (1969) 674–690 1552: 1416: 1088:. Novices may or may not (depending on the abbess's wishes) dress in the black inner robe ( 638: 357: 177: 31: 4730: 3808: 2690: 2120: 661:. At that time, and into the 17th century, Church custom did not allow women to leave the 8: 8361: 8218: 8120: 7913: 7897: 7417: 7327: 6778: 6722: 6670: 6571: 6533: 5462: 5314: 5136: 5101: 5030: 4791: 3664: 3071: 2865: 2425: 1354: 1311:, an order of Lutheran nuns, operates a guesthouse for Holocaust survivors in Jerusalem. 883: 782: 634:) is used for women who have taken "simple" vows (that is, vows other than solemn vows). 326: 288: 3678:

Roberts, Rebecca (2013). "Le Catholicisme au féminin: Thirty Years of Women's History".

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Cynthia A. Jurisson, "The Deaconess Movement", in Rosemary Skinner Keller et al., eds.

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tied over the head (see photo, above). The isorassa is the first part of the monastic "

1041: 956: 907: 860: 689: 361: 3428: 1071:

There are a number of different levels that the nun passes through in her profession:

1028:. The abbess is the spiritual leader of the convent and her authority is absolute (no 8198: 7434: 6759: 6639: 6406: 6362: 5946: 5871: 5832: 5584: 5053: 4859: 3757: 3726: 3597: 3583: 3542: 3189: 3149: 3024: 2897: 2694: 1350: 729: 692:(1235–1303). The situation changed in the 16th century. In 1521, two years after the 240: 208: 5227: 3836: 2099: 1808: 8060: 7834: 7796: 7754: 7682: 7677: 7644: 7451: 7384: 7347: 7342: 7322: 7317: 7242: 7095: 7085: 7045: 6576: 6394: 6377: 6152: 5914: 5877:

Congregation of the Sisters of the Immaculate Conception of the Blessed Virgin Mary

4972: 4928: 4906: 4833: 4761: 4211: 4016: 3745: 3714: 3670: 3648: 3571: 3500: 2946: 2877: 2825: 2781: 2513: 2365: 2287: 2205: 2186: 2167: 2148: 2029: 1748: 1485: 1266: 1179: 1119: 1001: 987: 975: 903: 650: 554: 465: 137: 7300: 3749: 3718: 8295: 8178: 8035: 8000: 7806: 7801: 7726: 7721: 7662: 7587: 7337: 7267: 6799: 6740: 6290: 6146: 5714: 5415: 5045: 4901: 4765: 4166: 4001: 3996: 3940: 3852: 3792: 3778: 3538: 3471: 3402: 3294: 3212: 3173: 3136: 3114: 3078: 2679: 2665: 2501: 2478: 2432: 2294: 2229:"Mother Teresa, who becomes a saint on Sunday, began her life as a nun in Dublin" 2212: 2193: 2174: 2155: 1978: 1958: 1934: 1388: 1289: 1281: 1238: 1101: 887: 666: 453: 394: 382: 322: 295: 5452:

Monastic Family of Bethlehem, of the Assumption of the Virgin and of Saint Bruno

5283: 1716: 1372:

who live under a common rule. The term "religious orders" is distinguished from

373:, often wearing a different habit or the standard woman's attire of the period. 356:, nuns living within an enclosure historically commit to recitation of the full 8213: 8142: 7990: 7925: 7711: 7701: 7687: 7672: 7352: 7247: 7131: 7110: 6644: 6523: 6498: 6470: 6401: 6236: 5889:

Congregation of the Franciscan Hospitaller Sisters of the Immaculate Conception

5337: 5151: 4923: 4896: 4883: 4845: 4828: 4679: 4067: 4021: 4011: 3308:"Mae Chee Kaew – Her Journey to Spiritual Awakening & Enlightenment e-book" 3107: 2727: 1401: 1226: 1162: 1061: 983: 891: 721: 717: 601: 550: 410: 346: 315: 284: 4124: 3652: 1849:), there developed a separate order of non-ordained female renunciates called 1697: 1213:

After the Protestant Reformation, some monasteries in Lutheran lands (such as

645:

were built in remote locations or were separated from the world by means of a

8351: 8345: 8105: 8065: 7950: 7872: 7857: 7706: 7667: 7473: 7357: 7154: 6823: 6538: 5797: 5468: 5247: 5189: 4957: 4493: 3991: 3841: 3816: 3528: 3496: 2866:"Convents as Litigants: Dowry and Inheritance Disputes in Early-Modern Spain" 2394: 2058: 1919: 1649: 1258: 1230: 1206: 952: 738: 713: 622:

Although usage has varied throughout church history, typically "nun" (Latin:

525: 490: 68: 6080:

Sisters of Charity of Saints Bartolomea Capitanio and Vincenza Gerosa (SCCG)

4006: 3594:

Women Religious in the Church: a directory of individual orders / institutes

3375: 3325:"Upasika Kee Nanayon and the Social Dynamic of Theravadin Buddhist Practice" 3205: 3148:

Anglican Religious Life 2012–13, published Canterbury Press, Norwich, 2011,

1515: 1209:

has continued as a Lutheran convent in the Benedictine tradition since 1529.

1064:

and perform other priestly functions, such as the absolution of a penitent.

8080: 8015: 7945: 7935: 7862: 7762: 7731: 7507: 7456: 7224: 7166: 7063: 6834: 6751: 6707: 6702: 6692: 6503: 6430: 5803: 5720: 5531: 5491: 5367: 5361: 3660: 3637:

O’Brien, Anne (2016). "Catholic nuns in transnational mission, 1528–2015".

3575: 3166: 1711: 1620: 1277: 1222: 1143: 911: 520:). Yet religious sisters can also perform this form of ministry, e.g., the 475: 409:. Upon completion of this period she may take her initial, temporary vows. 273: 224: 200: 4874: 3560:

Curtis, Sarah A. (2016). "The Double Invisibility of Missionary Sisters".

3429:"Luminary Buddhist Nuns in Contemporary Taiwan: A Quiet Feminist Movement" 2881: 2441:, Vol. 12. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1911. Accessed 18 July 2011. 1802: 1740: 1724: 1698: 1600: 1594: 1564: 1497: 1171: 910:(1556–1598) adopted within Spain. King Phillip II acquired the aid of the 665:

if they had taken religious vows. Female members of the mendicant orders (

236: 8276: 8132: 8005: 7985: 7980: 7975: 7960: 7262: 7197: 7053: 6978: 6956: 6804: 6566: 6528: 6232: 6039: 5785: 5421: 5391: 5385: 5206: 4992: 4141: 3945: 3872: 2008: 1864: 1373: 1262: 1084:

When one enters a monastery the first three to five years are spent as a

756:) exclusively for members of institutes for women that it classified as " 709: 705: 701: 682: 678: 642: 445: 429: 421: 370: 299:

Maria Johanna Baptista von Zweyer, Abbess of the Cistercian abbey of Wald

269: 232: 220: 216: 3461:

Hokkeji and the Reemergence of Female Monastic Orders in Premodern Japan

2793: 7970: 7965: 7789: 7716: 7332: 7252: 6883: 5596: 5555: 5537: 5379: 5373: 4918: 3456: 2958: 2889: 2837: 1829:

countries it is generally believed that the full ordination lineage of

1377: 1093: 1049: 924: 733: 697: 627: 580:

The traditional dress for women in religious communities consists of a

501: 449: 425: 414: 117: 3233: 1871:

in their country as well, even if public acceptance is still lacking.

1333: 471: 264: 8075: 8070: 8040: 7736: 7499: 7483: 7468: 7312: 7202: 7080: 7070: 6938: 6717: 6212: 5485: 5199: 5184: 5177: 5165: 4987: 4938: 3810:

Medieval Shrines of British Saints, including sainted women religious

3505:

The World of Buddhism: Buddhist Monks and Nuns in Society and Culture

2785: 2629: 2336: 1996: 1826: 1645: 1627: 1563: 1249: 1242: 1218: 1187: 1183: 1085: 1057: 1037: 964: 823: 674: 574: 521: 513: 402: 386: 181: 5990:

Missionary Sisters of the Immaculate Conception of the Mother of God

2950: 2829: 1202: 251:, but have more recently become more prevalent in other traditions. 8315: 8223: 8050: 7149: 6518: 6243: 5332: 5267: 5119: 5073: 5068: 5063: 4962: 1972: 1953: 1915: 1894: 1842: 1790: 1593: 1129: 1053: 1014: 662: 611: 585: 546: 486: 461: 441: 433: 390: 353: 248: 228: 204: 72: 6259: 3867: 3828:

Instruction on the Contemplative Life and on the Enclosure of Nuns

3690:

On France, especially research on Catholic nuns by Claude Langlois

1933:. Based on this, Western nuns ordained in Tibetan tradition, like 1325: 1154: 146: 8020: 6858: 6732: 6675: 5684: 5237: 4967: 3215:

sisters of St. Margaret, (Episcopal religious community of women)

1930: 1814: 1739: 1732: 1723: 1559: 1393: 1115: 1111: 1089: 992: 570: 457: 338: 244: 185: 4246: 2976:. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 2008. p. 49. 1845:, a country which never had a tradition of fully ordained nuns ( 1345:

Religious communities throughout England were destroyed by King

681:) continued to observe the same enclosed life as members of the 157: 8173: 7478: 7463: 7407: 7374: 6132:

Sisters of the Immaculate Conception of the Blessed Virgin Mary

5194: 5172: 5110: 5035: 4982: 4786: 2466:

Constitution "Conditae a Christo" of 8 December 1900, cited in

2024: 1922: 1851: 1795: 1641: 1608: 1542: 1338: 1234: 1033: 1029: 1020: 960: 760:"; and for "nuns" and "sisters" jointly it used the Latin word 725: 654: 589: 565: 437: 366: 2728:"Sisters of Mercy: Spirituality, Resources, Prayer and Action" 2261:"Nun in iconic Italy quake photo shares her story of survival" 1114:

in a formal service during which she is given the outer robe (

1056:

on their charges, though they still require the services of a

564:

A nun who is elected to head her religious house is termed an

227:

traditions, as well as other Christian denominations. In the

8271: 7439: 7403: 5141: 5106: 4952: 3858: 3771: 2601:"Contemplative nuns roll with the changes under Pope Francis" 2034: 1908:

International Congress on Buddhist Women's Role in the Sangha

1365: 1097: 1025: 696:

had forbidden the establishment of new religious institutes,

658: 581: 334: 126: 7444: 7163: 5146: 5058: 4760: 2013: 2002: 1572: 1528: 1149: 406: 330: 196:

but live an active vocation of prayer and charitable work.

4126:

Religious orders and communities of the Anglican Communion

3855:(two reasons life at the convent and vows may be forsaken) 4474:

Congregation of the Sisters of the Visitation of Our Lady

2991:. Stanford, Calif: Stanford University Press. p. 48. 1898:

development, and more mobile believers helped the order.

741:'s Constitution "Conditae a Christo" of 8 December 1900. 341:

or special character. Traditionally, nuns are members of

193: 1506:

A Chinese nun ascending steps on Mount Putuo Shan island

826:

wearing a brightly coloured habit, riding a motor-bike,

809:

Sisters of St. Francis of Penance and Christian Charity

4604:

Society of the Franciscan Servants of Jesus & Mary

4399:

Community of the Companions of Jesus the Good Shepherd

3694:

Shank, Lillian Thomas; Nichols, John A., eds. (1987).

1136:, she is allowed a stricter personal ascetic practice. 3415:

Buddhism in Taiwan: Religion and the State, 1660–1990

2811: 2809: 2807: 2805: 2803: 842:

A Ugandan nun teaching during a community service day

6035:

Order of the Annunciation of the Blessed Virgin Mary

3627:

Sisters in Arms: Catholic Nuns through Two Millennia

2989:

Brides of Christ: Conventual life in colonial Mexico

2974:

Brides of Christ: Conventual life in colonial Mexico

2121:"What is the difference between a sister and a nun?" 1968: 1288:

There are a plethora of religious orders within the

5757:

Missionaries of the Sacred Hearts of Jesus and Mary

5404:

Congregation of the Sacred Hearts of Jesus and Mary

4716:Topics closely related to active religious orders: 3276:

half are ordained. The community continues to grow.

3092:

Encyclopedia of Women and Religion in North America

3023:(Printshop of St. Job of Pochaev, Jordanville, NY, 2454:

Religious Congregations in Their External Relations

1284:

has continued as a Lutheran convent since A.D. 1579

549:is a nun who corresponds to the male equivalent of 329:of nuns and sisters (the female equivalent of male 5996:Missionary Sisters of the Immaculate Heart of Mary 2926:. Oxford; New York : Oxford University Press. 2800: 2767: 2765: 2678: 1261:) rather than the more extreme reformers (such as 516:, New York, pray in support of the priests of the 6142:Sisters, Servants of the Immaculate Heart of Mary 5313: 4720:Former religious orders in the Anglican Communion 3343:"Issues | Authoritarianism of the holy kind" 2337:"Vocation: Sister Disciples Of The Divine Master" 2308:"Sister Grace Corde Myerjack – Maryknoll Sisters" 1159:Princess Praskovya Yusupova Before Becoming a Nun 8343: 6159:Sisters of Providence of Saint Mary-of-the-Woods 6046:Poor Clare Missionaries of the Blessed Sacrament 4419:Community of the Holy Name (Europe & Africa) 612:Distinction between a nun and a religious sister 6007:Missionary Sisters of the Sacred Heart of Jesus 3863:The International Association of Buddhist Women 3495: 3417:; University of Hawaii Press, 1999; pp. 154–155 2762: 2681:The Faithful: A History of Catholics in America 1364:Anglican religious orders are organizations of 5900:Daughters of Mary of the Immaculate Conception 3009:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 30. 1800:late addition.) Fully ordained Buddhist nuns ( 1415:, the headquarters of the Church of England's 854:Catholic sisters and nuns in the United States 188:. The term is often used interchangeably with 6275: 5299: 4746: 4369:Community of St. Mary of Nazareth and Calvary 4110: 3888: 3613:Called to Serve: A History of Nuns in America 3489:Women Living Zen: Japanese Soto Buddhist Nuns 3396:Thai Bhikkhunis – Songdhammakalyani Monastery 3254: 2655:Called to Serve: A History of Nuns in America 2421: 2419: 1937:, took full ordination in another tradition. 1818:). The important vows are the same, however. 1770: 1482:Saint Brigid of Kildare Benedictine Monastery 57:The examples and perspective in this article 4665:Community of the Servants of the Will of God 4207:Order of the Teachers of the Children of God 3693: 1142:The final stage, called "Megaloschemos" or " 6122:Sisters of the Holy Names of Jesus and Mary 6023:Oblate Sisters of the Virgin Mary of Fatima 5639:Franciscan Missionaries of the Eternal Word 4464:Community of the Sisters of the Love of God 3802:Religious Orders including Female Religious 3588:Deals with French nuns in the 19th century. 3004: 2921: 2676: 1488:double monastery with both monks and nuns. 1248:A modern resurgence of the early Christian 1092:); those who do will also usually wear the 780: 37:"Sœur" redirects here. For other uses, see 8204:International Alliance of Catholic Knights 6282: 6268: 5727:Comboni Missionaries of the Heart of Jesus 5306: 5292: 4753: 4739: 4484:Fikambanan'ny Mpanompovavin l Jesoa Kristy 4117: 4103: 4043:Evangelisch-Lutherische Gebetsbruderschaft 3902: 3895: 3881: 3666:Medieval English Nunneries c. 1275 to 1535 3610: 3007:Nuns: A history of convent life, 1450–1700 2924:Nuns: A history of convent life, 1450–1700 2416: 1777: 1763: 791:in 2018 "which replaced the 1999 document 8377:Roman Catholic religious sisters and nuns 4579:Society of All Saints Sisters of the Poor 4434:Community of the Resurrection of Our Lord 4374:Community of St. Michael & All Angels 3916:Bekenntnisbruderschaft St. Peter und Paul 3669:. Cambridge University Press – via 3426: 1431:. This department publishes the biennial 310:Sisters of Charity of St. Vincent de Paul 95:Learn how and when to remove this message 6196:Society of the Helpers of the Holy Souls 6184:Sisters of St Joseph of the Sacred Heart 5603:Congregation of Saint Thérèse of Lisieux 4048:Hochkirchliche St.-Johannes-Bruderschaft 3926:Congregatio Canonicorum Sancti Augustini 3733: 3624: 3527: 3248: 3167:Anglican Communion Religious Communities 2863: 2815: 2092: 1501: 1332: 1324: 1276: 1201: 1170: 1153: 969: 951: 524:Missionary Sisters have small houses of 485: 470: 302: 294: 283: 263: 27:Member of a religious community of women 6137:Sisters of the Immaculate Heart of Mary 4650:Anglican Order of Preachers (Dominican) 4038:Communität Christusbruderschaft Selbitz 3837:A Biography of a Vajrayana Buddhist Nun 3677: 3636: 3591: 2936: 2771: 1076:Degrees of Eastern Orthodox monasticism 963:, wearing the full monastic habit of a 822:A sister of the Theresienne Sisters of 14: 8344: 6663: 6085:Sisters of Christian Doctrine of Nancy 6052:Religious of the Sacred Heart of Jesus 6002:Missionary Sisters of the Sacred Heart 5932:Handmaids of the Sacred Heart of Jesus 4459:Community of the Sisters of the Church 4449:Community of the Servants of the Cross 4424:Community of the Holy Name (Australia) 3846:letter To Several Nuns, August 6, 1524 3696:Medieval Religious Women: Peaceweavers 3559: 3511: 3124: 3122: 2986: 2971: 1439:defines four categories of community. 376: 6263: 5591:Congregation of the Blessed Sacrament 5287: 4734: 4660:Community of the Holy Transfiguration 4454:Community of the Sisters of Melanesia 4098: 3876: 3786:The Hermits and Anchorites of England 3702: 3659: 3044:. Medieval Histories. 8 August 2014. 3000: 2998: 2864:Lehfeldt, Elizabeth A. (2000-01-01). 2859: 2857: 2855: 2853: 2851: 2849: 2847: 2283: 2281: 2255: 2253: 897: 531:Sister Disciples of the Divine Master 6127:Sisters of the Immaculate Conception 6117:Sisters of the Holy Family-Louisiana 5952:Little Sisters Disciples of the Lamb 5947:Institute of the Blessed Virgin Mary 5739:Missionaries of St. Francis de Sales 5679:Marians of the Immaculate Conception 5562:Canons Regular of Saint John Cantius 5446:Missionaries of St. Charles Borromeo 4344:Community of St. John the Evangelist 3936:Hochkirchlicher Apostolat St. Ansgar 3486: 3265:from the original on 3 November 2013 3128:Israeli press report concerning one 3048:from the original on 1 December 2017 2426:Arthur Vermeersch, "Religious Life" 2223: 2221: 2053: 2051: 1825:ordination, Tibetan nuns do not. In 779:in 1999, the apostolic constitution 166:Nuns in different parts of the world 43: 6289: 5905:Daughters of the Holy Heart of Mary 4655:Community of the Glorious Ascension 3188:, Canterbury Press, Norwich, 2011, 3119: 941: 877:Catholic sisters and nuns in Canada 626:) is used for women who have taken 24: 6179:The Sisters of St. Joseph of Peace 5804:Rogationists of the Heart of Jesus 5501: 4539:Sisterhood of St. Mary, Bangladesh 4394:Community of the Blessed Lady Mary 4359:Community of St. Mary at the Cross 4147:Brotherhood of the Ascended Christ 3487:Arai, Paula Kane Robinson (1999). 3480: 2995: 2844: 2493:Dominicans at Home in a New Nation 2470:Dominicans at Home in a New Nation 2395:"CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Mary Ward" 2278: 2250: 2080: 1957:not gain salvation because of the 1060:(i.e., a priest) to celebrate the 480:March For Life in Washington, D.C. 456:, they take the threefold vows of 381:In general, when a woman enters a 25: 8388: 6207:Servants of the Blessed Sacrament 5883:Carmelite Sisters of Saint Teresa 4634:Society of the Sisters of Bethany 4534:Sisterhood of St. John the Divine 4232:Society of St John the Evangelist 3931:Evangelische Michaelsbruderschaft 3765: 3534:The Popes and European Revolution 3156:, pp. iii, iv, 19, 147, 151, 171. 3094:(Indiana U.P., 2006). pp. 821–33 2218: 2048: 8326: 8325: 8314: 8282:Society of Saint Vincent de Paul 7830:Criticism of the Catholic Church 6242: 6091:Sisters of the Cross and Passion 6070:Sisters of the Blessed Sacrament 5751:Missionaries of the Sacred Heart 5633:Franciscan Friars of the Renewal 5398:Congregation of Our Lady of Sion 5266: 4873: 4584:Society of Our Lady of the Isles 4469:Community of the Transfiguration 4364:Community of St. Mary the Virgin 4339:Community of St. John the Divine 4245: 4084:Franciscan orders in Lutheranism 3611:McGuinness, Margaret M. (2013). 3258:Methodist woman founds monastery 3019:Archpriest Seraphim Slobodskoy, 2059:"What is a Nun? (with pictures)" 1971: 1353:from papal authority during the 1197: 847: 835: 815: 800: 748:reserved the term "nun" (Latin: 178:poverty, chastity, and obedience 156: 145: 136: 125: 116: 48: 6449:First seven ecumenical councils 6190:Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres 5927:Handmaids of the Heart of Jesus 5774:Oblates of St. Francis de Sales 5579:Congregatio Discipulorum Domini 5428:Institute of the Incarnate Word 4549:Sisterhood of the Holy Nativity 4444:Community of the Sacred Passion 4389:Community of St. Peter, Horbury 3450: 3439:from the original on 2016-03-04 3420: 3407: 3389: 3364: 3353:from the original on 2022-12-14 3335: 3317: 3300: 3281: 3218: 3199: 3186:Anglican Religious Life 2012–13 3179: 3159: 3142: 3100: 3084: 3064: 3034: 3013: 2980: 2965: 2930: 2915: 2904:from the original on 2020-08-09 2749: 2738:from the original on 2017-01-31 2720: 2707: 2670: 2647: 2636:from the original on 2014-05-12 2622: 2593: 2582:from the original on 2018-11-02 2564: 2553:from the original on 2018-12-13 2535: 2524:from the original on 2019-05-15 2514:"CIC 1917: text – IntraText CT" 2506: 2483: 2460: 2444: 2405:from the original on 2021-09-04 2387: 2376:from the original on 2018-02-20 2366:"Code of Canon Law – IntraText" 2358: 2347:from the original on 2018-05-24 2329: 2318:from the original on 2018-05-24 2300: 2267:from the original on 2017-12-01 2239:from the original on 2017-12-06 2131:from the original on 2019-05-31 2069:from the original on 2021-09-26 1467: 254: 7024:Separation of church and state 5850:Adorers of the Blood of Christ 5827:Sons of the Most Holy Redeemer 4670:Companions of Saint Luke (OSB) 4594:Society of St. John the Divine 4404:Community of the Good Shepherd 4304:Community of Jesus' Compassion 4269:Benedictine Sisters of Bethany 3987:Evangelical Sisterhood of Mary 3261:. National Catholic Reporter. 2199: 2180: 2161: 2142: 2113: 1359:Dissolution of the Monasteries 1314: 1309:Evangelical Sisterhood of Mary 1272: 930:Religious class distinctions: 393:to the life, she receives the 259: 13: 1: 5942:Holy Spirit Adoration Sisters 5550:Brothers of Our Lady of Mercy 5315:Catholic religious institutes 4696:Society of the Sacred Mission 4619:Society of the Precious Blood 4574:Sisters of St Francis (Korea) 4334:Community of St. John Baptist 4177:Korean Franciscan Brotherhood 4157:Community of the Resurrection 4053:Order of Lutheran Franciscans 3750:10.1080/0046760X.2015.1063711 3719:10.1080/09612025.2015.1114330 3625:McNamara, Jo Ann Kay (1998). 2818:The Sixteenth Century Journal 2774:The Sixteenth Century Journal 2087:The Oxford English Dictionary 2041: 2020:Category:Nunsploitation films 1294:Order of Lutheran Franciscans 1024:) dependent on the abbess or 948:Eastern Christian Monasticism 807:Sister Rosália Sehnem of the 787:in 2016, and the instruction 540: 369:or members of the associated 6101:Sisters of the Good Shepherd 6058:Religious of the Virgin Mary 6029:Order of Our Lady of Charity 6013:Oblate Sisters of Providence 5910:Faithful Companions of Jesus 5691:Society of Mary (Marianists) 5506:Coat of arms of Vatican City 5253:List of religious institutes 4624:Society of the Sacred Advent 4589:Society of Our Lady St. Mary 4559:Sisters of the Good Shepherd 4529:Order of Women (South India) 4504:Order of St. Anne at Bethany 4439:Community of the Sacred Name 4429:Community of the Holy Spirit 4414:Community of the Holy Family 4299:Community of Christ the King 4192:Oratory of the Good Shepherd 4152:Brotherhood of Saint Gregory 3961:Rogate Monastery St. Michael 3106:One example of a Protestant 3005:Evangelisti, Silvia (2007). 2922:Evangelisti, Silvia (2007). 2607:. 2018-11-22. Archived from 2543:"Verbi Sponsa (13 May 1999)" 1999:, Protestant religious women 1475: 978:, Serbian orthodox monastery 828:Democratic Republic of Congo 401:members) and undertakes the 243:compared to male monastics ( 7: 6164:Sisters of the Sacred Heart 6018:Oblates of Jesus the Priest 5967:Living the Gospel Community 4685:Order of Christ the Saviour 4629:Society of the Sacred Cross 4614:Society of the Holy Trinity 4519:Order of the Holy Paraclete 4409:Community of the Holy Cross 4274:Chama Cha Mariamu Mtakatifu 4063:Society of the Holy Trinity 3921:Brethren of the Common Life 3812:, full text + illustrations 3804:, full text + illustrations 3796:, full text + illustrations 3784:Full text + illustrations, 3232:(in German). Archived from 3230:www.emmanuel-sisterhood.org 3226:"Ihre Homepage - HOME PAGE" 2452:Celestine Anthony Freriks, 1964: 1836: 1741: 1725: 1699: 1601: 1595: 1565: 1491: 704:with simple vows for those 618:Religious sister (Catholic) 247:). Nuns are most common in 71:, discuss the issue on the 10: 8393: 8321:Catholic Church portal 5962:Little Sisters of the Poor 5867:Basilian Chouerite Sisters 5821:Servants of Jesus and Mary 5768:Oblates of the Virgin Mary 5762:Oblates of Mary Immaculate 5733:Missionaries of La Salette 5703:Society of the Divine Word 5685:Society of Jesus (Jesuits) 5573:Christian Brothers (Irish) 4564:Sisters of the Incarnation 4544:Sisterhood of the Epiphany 4524:Order of Julian of Norwich 4182:Little Brothers of Francis 4162:Company of Mission Priests 4058:Societas Sanctae Birgittae 3563:Journal of Women's History 3433:Journal of Buddhist Ethics 3401:December 26, 2008, at the 2759:(2009), Issue 47, pp 3–23. 2677:O'Toole, James M. (2008). 2037:, Hinduist religious women 1910:, with the support of the 1495: 1318: 1073: 945: 874: 851: 615: 424:tradition, (Benedictines, 325:tradition, there are many 36: 29: 8309: 8247:Aid to the Church in Need 8237: 8094: 7907: 7868:Vatican Television Center 7843: 7753: 7643: 7513:Eastern Catholic Churches 7494: 7383: 7276: 7223: 7148: 7119: 7044: 6969: 6904: 6849: 6768: 6638: 6552: 6484: 6429: 6348: 6325: 6297: 6227: 6201:Sisters of Social Service 6112:Sisters of the Holy Cross 5862:Basilian Aleppian Sisters 5842: 5697:Society of Mary (Marists) 5513: 5499: 5321: 5261: 5220: 5082: 5044: 5001: 4937: 4882: 4871: 4865:Society of apostolic life 4772: 4709: 4642: 4609:Society of the Holy Cross 4349:Community of St. Laurence 4254: 4243: 4222:Society of the Holy Cross 4132: 4076: 4030: 3977:Communität Casteller Ring 3969: 3908: 3851:December 7, 2009, at the 3822:The Catholic Encyclopedia 3653:10.1017/S1740022816000206 3640:Journal of Global History 3617:New York University Press 3501:Gombrich, Richard Francis 2987:Lavrin, Asuncion (2008). 2972:Lavrin, Asuncion (2008). 2870:Journal of Social History 2438:The Catholic Encyclopedia 1878: 1738: 1722: 1710: 1696: 1689: 1679: 1665: 1640: 1626: 1619: 1592: 1582: 1558: 1551: 1540: 1526: 1413:Church House, Westminster 1398:Society of Saint Margaret 1005: 870: 606:Catholic Church canon law 537:in their media ministry. 343:enclosed religious orders 312:in the Portal of a Church 8189:Communion and Liberation 7653:Eastern Catholic liturgy 6818:Mystici Corporis Christi 6746:Sixto-Clementine Vulgate 6169:Sisters of Saint Francis 6096:Sisters of the Destitute 5978:Marianites of Holy Cross 5973:Lovers of the Holy Cross 5895:Daughters of Divine Love 5745:Missionaries of the Poor 5674:Little Brothers of Jesus 5585:Immaculate Heart of Mary 5475:Society of the Atonement 4479:Daughters of St. Francis 4329:Community of St. Francis 4294:Community of All Hallows 4284:Chita che Zvipo Zve Moto 3956:St.-Jakobus-Bruderschaft 3794:Nuns of Medieval England 3592:Kennedy, Teresa (1991). 2713:Margaret M. McGuinness, 2687:Harvard University Press 2653:Margaret M. McGuinness, 1987:Catholic religious order 1948: 1901: 1545:(the Buddhist community) 1337:Two Birgitta sisters in 1321:Anglican religious order 1229:) and convents (such as 700:established a religious 510:Corpus Christi Monastery 203:, nuns are found in the 7004:Philosophy of canon law 6934:Mariology of the saints 6514:Investiture Controversy 6174:Sisters of Saint Joseph 5957:Little Sisters of Jesus 5709:Society of Saint Edmund 5440:Missionaries of Charity 4599:Society of St. Margaret 4314:Community of St. Andrew 4279:Chita che Zita Rinoyera 4202:Order of the Holy Cross 3632:Excerpt and text search 3465:excerpt and text search 3372:"Bhikkhuni Dhammananda" 1459:Anglican Religious Life 1437:Anglican Religious Life 1433:Anglican Religious Life 1304:are located in Europe. 892:homes for unwed mothers 630:, and "sister" (Latin: 518:Archdiocese of New York 495:Missionaries of Charity 420:In the branches of the 8257:Catholic Charities USA 7891:Acta Apostolicae Sedis 7879:Vatican Polyglot Press 6929:Mariology of the popes 6567:Protestant Reformation 6249:Catholicism portal 6064:Servants of St. Joseph 5627:Discalced Augustinians 5609:Conventual Franciscans 5507: 5344:Augustinian Recollects 5273:Catholicism portal 5243:Vocational discernment 5233:Foolishness for Christ 4384:Community of St. Peter 4324:Community of St. Denys 4319:Community of St. Clare 4227:Society of St. Francis 4187:Melanesian Brotherhood 3903:Active Lutheran orders 3706:Women's History Review 3681:Historical Reflections 3596:. Southport: Gowland. 3576:10.1353/jowh.2016.0037 3512:Lohuis, Elles (2013). 3413:Charles Brewer Jones, 3347:www.buddhistchannel.tv 2005:, a Japanese priestess 1891: 1812:rules than the monks ( 1507: 1349:when he separated the 1342: 1330: 1302:active Lutheran orders 1285: 1210: 1190: 1166: 1012:); Russian: игумения ( 979: 967: 865:Second Vatican Council 781: 746:1917 Code of Canon Law 694:Fourth Lateran Council 598:Second Vatican Council 497: 483: 318: 300: 292: 281: 180:in the enclosure of a 39:soeur (disambiguation) 8372:Religious occupations 8011:Good Shepherd Sisters 7853:Holy See Press Office 7091:Doctors of the Church 6924:Immaculate Conception 6879:Anointing of the Sick 6414:History of the papacy 6107:Sisters of Holy Cross 5810:Sacred Heart Brothers 5780:Order of Friars Minor 5668:Legionaries of Christ 5505: 4509:Order of St. Benedict 4379:Community of St. Paul 4354:Community of St. Mary 4309:Community of Nazareth 4289:Christa Sevika Sangha 3868:The Carmelite Sisters 3130:German Lutheran order 2939:South Atlantic Review 2882:10.1353/jsh.2000.0027 1886: 1873:Dhammananda Bhikkhuni 1857:Thai Forest Tradition 1505: 1387:With the rise of the 1336: 1328: 1280: 1205: 1174: 1157: 996:) – Greek: ἡγουμένη ( 973: 955: 535:Daughters of St. Paul 489: 474: 337:), each with its own 306: 298: 287: 267: 8367:Gendered occupations 7884:L'Osservatore Romano 7822:Role in civilisation 7548:Croatian and Serbian 7296:Episcopal conference 7258:St. Peter's Basilica 6616:Sexual abuse scandal 6572:Catholic Reformation 5621:De La Salle Brothers 5410:Discalced Carmelites 5016:Liturgy of the Hours 4892:Evangelical counsels 4569:Sisters of Jesus Way 3951:Theologisk Oratorium 3737:History of Education 1628:Anagārika, Anagārikā 1553:Buddhist monasticism 1425:Archbishops' Council 1417:Church Commissioners 327:religious institutes 77:create a new article 69:improve this article 59:may not represent a 32:Nun (disambiguation) 30:For other uses, see 8219:Neocatechumenal Way 8184:Charismatic Renewal 7898:Annuario Pontificio 7496:Particular churches 7172:Ecumenical councils 6944:Perpetual virginity 6779:Communitas perfecta 6723:Sermon on the Mount 5463:Servants of Charity 5356:Basilian Chouerites 4792:Religious institute 4514:Order of St. Helena 4237:Society of St. Paul 3541:. pp. 211–52. 3331:on October 4, 2011. 3255:Patricia Lefevere. 2491:Mary Nona McGreal, 2468:Mary Nona McGreal, 2089:, vol. X, page 599. 2016:, the male monastic 1865:Upasika Kee Nanayon 1667:Upāsaka and Upāsikā 1355:English Reformation 1176:The Way of Humility 1042:ecumenical councils 884:Counter Reformation 783:Vultum Dei quaerere 476:Bridgettine Sisters 377:Membership and vows 289:Hildegard of Bingen 276:and founder of the 239:, and take several 192:who do take simple 8056:Premonstratensians 6439:Ante-Nicene period 6317:Lists of Catholics 6075:Sisters of Charity 5656:Holy Ghost Fathers 5527:Albertine Brothers 5508: 5457:Premonstratensians 5350:Basilian Aleppians 4782:Consecrated virgin 4691:Benedictine orders 4554:Sisters of Charity 4264:Augustinian orders 4217:St Gregory's Abbey 4197:Benedictine orders 3788:by Rotha Mary Clay 3777:2007-06-08 at the 3470:2017-02-28 at the 3293:2007-03-28 at the 3236:on 7 November 2023 3211:2010-06-16 at the 3172:2015-02-21 at the 3135:2014-08-24 at the 3113:2014-07-16 at the 3077:2011-06-10 at the 2664:2017-02-04 at the 2500:2011-09-27 at the 2477:2011-09-27 at the 2431:2012-01-15 at the 2293:2020-03-12 at the 2211:2017-07-06 at the 2192:2017-07-06 at the 2173:2017-07-06 at the 2154:2020-03-12 at the 1992:Consecrated virgin 1680:Gahattha, gahapati 1508: 1376:(the sacrament of 1370:Anglican Communion 1343: 1331: 1286: 1215:Amelungsborn Abbey 1211: 1191: 1167: 980: 968: 898:Early modern Spain 861:American Catholics 690:Pope Boniface VIII 498: 484: 319: 301: 293: 282: 231:tradition, female 8339: 8338: 7749: 7748: 7142: 6965: 6964: 6657: 6634: 6633: 6626:COVID-19 pandemic 6596:French Revolution 6586:Thirty Years' War 6494:Islamic conquests 6407:Apostolic fathers 6342: 6257: 6256: 5984:Maryknoll Sisters 5921:Filippini Sisters 5833:Xaverian Brothers 5492:Trinitarian Order 5281: 5280: 5054:Clerical clothing 4860:Secular institute 4728: 4727: 4675:Franciscan orders 4499:Order of St. Anne 4489:Franciscan orders 4172:Franciscan orders 4092: 4091: 3982:Daughters of Mary 3287:Hellmuth Hecker, 3194:978-1-84825-089-5 3154:978-1-84825-089-5 3042:"Kloster Ebstorf" 2518:www.intratext.com 2399:www.newadvent.org 2312:Maryknoll Sisters 2063:www.wise-geek.com 1914:, reinstated the 1787: 1786: 1754: 1753: 1691:Related religions 1657:lay renunciants ( 1632:lay renunciants ( 1368:or clergy in the 1351:Church of England 1329:Two Anglican nuns 1298:Daughters of Mary 1290:Lutheran Churches 1233:near the town of 1195: 1194: 912:Hieronymite order 730:French Revolution 559:Lutheran convents 500:Cloistered nuns ( 493:, founder of the 249:Mahayana Buddhism 209:Oriental Orthodox 190:religious sisters 105: 104: 97: 79:, as appropriate. 16:(Redirected from 8384: 8329: 8328: 8319: 8318: 8061:Redemptoristines 7909:Religious orders 7835:Anti-Catholicism 7785:Church buildings 7645:Catholic liturgy 7385:Consecrated life 7243:Apostolic Palace 7210:Synod of Bishops 7146: 7145: 7122: 6728:Ten Commandments 6661: 6660: 6643: 6544:Age of Discovery 6378:Great Commission 6346: 6345: 6330: 6284: 6277: 6270: 6261: 6260: 6247: 6246: 6153:Sisters of Mercy 5856:Apostolic Carmel 5308: 5301: 5294: 5285: 5284: 5271: 5270: 4929:Vow of enclosure 4877: 4762:Consecrated life 4755: 4748: 4741: 4732: 4731: 4687:(OCS Dominicans) 4249: 4212:Salisbury Priory 4119: 4112: 4105: 4096: 4095: 4017:Wienhausen Abbey 3897: 3890: 3883: 3874: 3873: 3859:Sakyadhita 3761: 3730: 3699: 3689: 3674: 3671:Internet Archive 3656: 3630: 3620: 3607: 3587: 3552: 3517: 3508: 3492: 3474: 3454: 3448: 3447: 3445: 3444: 3435:(V. 10 (2003)). 3424: 3418: 3411: 3405: 3393: 3387: 3386: 3384: 3383: 3374:. 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6466:Late antiquity 6463: 6462: 6461: 6456: 6446: 6441: 6435: 6433: 6427: 6426: 6424: 6423: 6422: 6421: 6411: 6410: 6409: 6402:Church fathers 6399: 6398: 6397: 6392: 6382: 6381: 6380: 6375: 6370: 6365: 6354: 6352: 6343: 6336:Ecclesiastical 6323: 6322: 6320: 6319: 6314: 6309: 6304: 6298: 6295: 6294: 6287: 6286: 6279: 6272: 6264: 6255: 6254: 6252: 6251: 6239: 6237:Catholic laity 6228: 6225: 6224: 6222: 6221: 6216: 6210: 6204: 6198: 6193: 6187: 6181: 6176: 6171: 6166: 6161: 6156: 6150: 6144: 6139: 6134: 6129: 6124: 6119: 6114: 6109: 6104: 6098: 6093: 6088: 6082: 6077: 6072: 6067: 6061: 6055: 6049: 6043: 6037: 6032: 6026: 6020: 6015: 6010: 6004: 5999: 5993: 5987: 5981: 5975: 5970: 5964: 5959: 5954: 5949: 5944: 5939: 5937:Hijas de Jesús 5934: 5929: 5924: 5918: 5912: 5907: 5902: 5897: 5892: 5886: 5880: 5874: 5869: 5864: 5859: 5853: 5846: 5844: 5840: 5839: 5837: 5836: 5830: 5824: 5818: 5812: 5807: 5801: 5795: 5789: 5783: 5777: 5771: 5765: 5759: 5754: 5748: 5742: 5736: 5730: 5724: 5718: 5712: 5706: 5700: 5694: 5688: 5682: 5676: 5671: 5665: 5659: 5653: 5647: 5642: 5636: 5630: 5624: 5618: 5612: 5606: 5600: 5594: 5588: 5582: 5576: 5570: 5564: 5559: 5553: 5547: 5541: 5535: 5529: 5524: 5521:Adorno Fathers 5517: 5515: 5511: 5510: 5500: 5498: 5496: 5495: 5489: 5483: 5478: 5472: 5466: 5460: 5454: 5449: 5443: 5437: 5431: 5425: 5419: 5413: 5407: 5401: 5395: 5389: 5383: 5377: 5371: 5365: 5359: 5353: 5347: 5341: 5338:Assumptionists 5335: 5329: 5327: 5319: 5318: 5311: 5310: 5303: 5296: 5288: 5279: 5278: 5276: 5275: 5262: 5259: 5258: 5256: 5255: 5250: 5245: 5240: 5235: 5230: 5224: 5222: 5218: 5217: 5215: 5214: 5209: 5204: 5203: 5202: 5197: 5192: 5182: 5181: 5180: 5170: 5169: 5168: 5158: 5157: 5156: 5155: 5154: 5144: 5134: 5129: 5124: 5123: 5122: 5113: 5104: 5099: 5088: 5086: 5080: 5079: 5077: 5076: 5071: 5066: 5061: 5056: 5050: 5048: 5042: 5041: 5039: 5038: 5033: 5028: 5023: 5018: 5013: 5007: 5005: 4999: 4998: 4996: 4995: 4990: 4985: 4980: 4975: 4970: 4965: 4960: 4955: 4949: 4947: 4935: 4934: 4932: 4931: 4926: 4924:Vow of silence 4921: 4916: 4911: 4910: 4909: 4904: 4899: 4888: 4886: 4880: 4879: 4872: 4870: 4868: 4867: 4862: 4857: 4856: 4855: 4850: 4849: 4848: 4846:Cleric regular 4843: 4842: 4841: 4831: 4829:Canons regular 4826: 4825: 4824: 4819: 4814: 4809: 4789: 4784: 4778: 4776: 4770: 4769: 4758: 4757: 4750: 4743: 4735: 4726: 4725: 4723: 4722: 4715: 4713: 4707: 4706: 4704: 4703: 4698: 4693: 4688: 4682: 4680:Mucknell Abbey 4677: 4672: 4667: 4662: 4657: 4652: 4646: 4644: 4640: 4639: 4637: 4636: 4631: 4626: 4621: 4616: 4611: 4606: 4601: 4596: 4591: 4586: 4581: 4576: 4571: 4566: 4561: 4556: 4551: 4546: 4541: 4536: 4531: 4526: 4521: 4516: 4511: 4506: 4501: 4496: 4491: 4486: 4481: 4476: 4471: 4466: 4461: 4456: 4451: 4446: 4441: 4436: 4431: 4426: 4421: 4416: 4411: 4406: 4401: 4396: 4391: 4386: 4381: 4376: 4371: 4366: 4361: 4356: 4351: 4346: 4341: 4336: 4331: 4326: 4321: 4316: 4311: 4306: 4301: 4296: 4291: 4286: 4281: 4276: 4271: 4266: 4260: 4258: 4252: 4251: 4244: 4242: 4240: 4239: 4234: 4229: 4224: 4219: 4214: 4209: 4204: 4199: 4194: 4189: 4184: 4179: 4174: 4169: 4164: 4159: 4154: 4149: 4144: 4138: 4136: 4130: 4129: 4122: 4121: 4114: 4107: 4099: 4090: 4089: 4087: 4086: 4080: 4078: 4074: 4073: 4071: 4070: 4068:Beta Sigma Psi 4065: 4060: 4055: 4050: 4045: 4040: 4034: 4032: 4028: 4027: 4025: 4024: 4022:Walsrode Abbey 4019: 4014: 4012:Medingen Abbey 4009: 4004: 3999: 3994: 3989: 3984: 3979: 3973: 3971: 3970:Women's orders 3967: 3966: 3964: 3963: 3958: 3953: 3948: 3943: 3938: 3933: 3928: 3923: 3918: 3912: 3910: 3906: 3905: 3900: 3899: 3892: 3885: 3877: 3871: 3870: 3865: 3856: 3839: 3834: 3825: 3814: 3806: 3798: 3790: 3781: 3767: 3766:External links 3764: 3763: 3762: 3744:(5): 631–650. 3731: 3713:(4): 602–618. 3700: 3691: 3675: 3657: 3647:(3): 387–408. 3634: 3622: 3608: 3602: 3589: 3570:(4): 134–143. 3557: 3547: 3529:Chadwick, Owen 3524: 3523: 3519: 3518: 3509: 3497:Bechert, Heinz 3493: 3482: 3479: 3476: 3475: 3449: 3419: 3406: 3388: 3363: 3334: 3316: 3299: 3280: 3247: 3217: 3198: 3178: 3158: 3141: 3118: 3099: 3083: 3063: 3033: 3021:The Law of God 3012: 2994: 2979: 2964: 2929: 2914: 2876:(3): 645–664. 2843: 2799: 2780:(2): 375–399. 2761: 2757:Quebec Studies 2748: 2719: 2706: 2699: 2669: 2646: 2621: 2592: 2576:www.vatican.va 2563: 2547:www.vatican.va 2534: 2505: 2482: 2459: 2443: 2415: 2386: 2370:www.vatican.va 2357: 2328: 2299: 2277: 2249: 2217: 2198: 2179: 2160: 2141: 2112: 2091: 2079: 2046: 2045: 2043: 2040: 2039: 2038: 2032: 2027: 2022: 2017: 2011: 2006: 2000: 1994: 1989: 1983: 1982: 1966: 1963: 1950: 1947: 1903: 1900: 1880: 1877: 1838: 1835: 1785: 1784: 1782: 1781: 1774: 1767: 1759: 1756: 1755: 1752: 1751: 1749:Jain monastics 1746: 1736: 1735: 1730: 1720: 1719: 1714: 1708: 1707: 1704: 1694: 1693: 1687: 1686: 1681: 1677: 1676: 1669: 1663: 1662: 1653: 1638: 1637: 1630: 1624: 1623: 1617: 1616: 1606: 1590: 1589: 1586: 1580: 1579: 1570: 1556: 1555: 1549: 1548: 1538: 1537: 1532: 1520: 1519: 1514:People of the 1496:Main article: 1493: 1490: 1477: 1474: 1469: 1466: 1454: 1453: 1450: 1447: 1444: 1402:East Grinstead 1319:Main article: 1316: 1313: 1292:, such as the 1274: 1271: 1227:Rehburg-Loccum 1199: 1196: 1193: 1192: 1168: 1163:Nikolai Nevrev 1148: 1147: 1140:Great Schema – 1137: 1123: 1105: 1074:Main article: 1062:Divine Liturgy 946:Main article: 943: 940: 939: 938: 935: 908:King Philip II 899: 896: 875:Main article: 872: 869: 852:Main article: 849: 846: 845: 844: 841: 834: 832: 821: 814: 812: 806: 799: 722:evangelization 718:social service 613: 610: 602:religious name 542: 539: 482:, January 2009 454:Dominican nuns 411:Temporary vows 378: 375: 347:religious vows 316:Armand Gautier 261: 258: 256: 253: 165: 164: 155: 154: 153: 144: 143: 135: 134: 133: 124: 123: 115: 114: 113: 109: 108: 107: 106: 103: 102: 63:of the subject 61:worldwide view 56: 54: 47: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 8389: 8378: 8375: 8373: 8370: 8368: 8365: 8363: 8360: 8358: 8355: 8353: 8350: 8349: 8347: 8332: 8324: 8322: 8317: 8312: 8311: 8308: 8302: 8299: 8297: 8294: 8292: 8289: 8286: 8283: 8280: 8278: 8275: 8273: 8270: 8268: 8265: 8263: 8262:Home Missions 8260: 8258: 8255: 8253: 8250: 8248: 8245: 8244: 8242: 8240: 8236: 8230: 8227: 8225: 8222: 8220: 8217: 8215: 8212: 8210: 8207: 8205: 8202: 8200: 8197: 8195: 8192: 8190: 8187: 8185: 8182: 8180: 8177: 8175: 8172: 8170: 8167: 8161: 8158: 8157: 8156: 8155:Saint Francis 8153: 8149: 8146: 8145: 8144: 8141: 8139: 8138:Saint Dominic 8136: 8135: 8134: 8131: 8127: 8124: 8122: 8119: 8117: 8114: 8112: 8109: 8108: 8107: 8104: 8103: 8101: 8099: 8093: 8087: 8084: 8082: 8079: 8077: 8074: 8072: 8069: 8067: 8064: 8062: 8059: 8057: 8054: 8052: 8049: 8047: 8044: 8042: 8039: 8037: 8034: 8032: 8029: 8027: 8024: 8022: 8019: 8017: 8014: 8012: 8009: 8007: 8004: 8002: 7999: 7997: 7994: 7992: 7989: 7987: 7984: 7982: 7979: 7977: 7974: 7972: 7969: 7967: 7964: 7962: 7959: 7957: 7954: 7952: 7951:Bethlehemites 7949: 7947: 7944: 7942: 7939: 7937: 7934: 7932: 7929: 7927: 7924: 7923: 7921: 7919: 7915: 7910: 7906: 7900: 7899: 7895: 7893: 7892: 7888: 7886: 7885: 7881: 7878: 7874: 7873:Vatican Radio 7871: 7869: 7866: 7864: 7861: 7860: 7859: 7858:Vatican Media 7856: 7854: 7851: 7850: 7848: 7846: 7842: 7836: 7833: 7831: 7828: 7825: 7823: 7820: 7818: 7815: 7813: 7810: 7808: 7805: 7803: 7800: 7798: 7795: 7791: 7788: 7787: 7786: 7783: 7781: 7778: 7776: 7773: 7769: 7766: 7765: 7764: 7761: 7760: 7758: 7756: 7752: 7738: 7735: 7733: 7730: 7728: 7725: 7723: 7720: 7719: 7718: 7715: 7713: 7710: 7708: 7705: 7703: 7700: 7699: 7698: 7695: 7689: 7686: 7685: 7684: 7681: 7679: 7676: 7674: 7671: 7669: 7666: 7664: 7661: 7659: 7656: 7655: 7654: 7651: 7650: 7648: 7646: 7642: 7634: 7631: 7629: 7626: 7624: 7621: 7619: 7616: 7614: 7611: 7609: 7606: 7604: 7601: 7599: 7596: 7594: 7591: 7589: 7586: 7584: 7581: 7579: 7576: 7574: 7571: 7569: 7566: 7564: 7561: 7559: 7556: 7554: 7551: 7549: 7546: 7544: 7541: 7539: 7536: 7534: 7531: 7529: 7526: 7524: 7521: 7519: 7516: 7515: 7514: 7511: 7509: 7506: 7505: 7503: 7501: 7497: 7493: 7485: 7482: 7480: 7477: 7475: 7472: 7471: 7470: 7467: 7465: 7462: 7458: 7455: 7454: 7453: 7450: 7446: 7443: 7441: 7438: 7437: 7436: 7433: 7431: 7428: 7424: 7421: 7419: 7416: 7414: 7411: 7409: 7405: 7402: 7401: 7400: 7397: 7394: 7391: 7390: 7388: 7386: 7382: 7376: 7373: 7371: 7368: 7366: 7363: 7359: 7356: 7354: 7351: 7349: 7346: 7344: 7341: 7339: 7336: 7334: 7331: 7329: 7326: 7324: 7321: 7319: 7316: 7314: 7311: 7310: 7309: 7306: 7302: 7299: 7297: 7294: 7293: 7292: 7289: 7288: 7286: 7283: 7279: 7275: 7269: 7266: 7264: 7261: 7259: 7256: 7254: 7251: 7249: 7246: 7244: 7241: 7239: 7236: 7234: 7231: 7230: 7228: 7226: 7222: 7216: 7213: 7211: 7208: 7204: 7201: 7200: 7199: 7196: 7192: 7189: 7187: 7184: 7183: 7182: 7178: 7175: 7173: 7170: 7168: 7165: 7162: 7161: 7159: 7156: 7155:List of popes 7151: 7147: 7144: 7141: 7137: 7133: 7129: 7125: 7118: 7112: 7109: 7107: 7104: 7102: 7099: 7097: 7094: 7092: 7089: 7087: 7084: 7082: 7079: 7077: 7074: 7072: 7069: 7065: 7062: 7060: 7057: 7056: 7055: 7052: 7051: 7049: 7047: 7043: 7035: 7032: 7030: 7027: 7026: 7025: 7022: 7018: 7015: 7014: 7013: 7010: 7007: 7005: 7002: 7000: 6997: 6995: 6992: 6990: 6987: 6985: 6982: 6980: 6977: 6976: 6974: 6972: 6968: 6958: 6955: 6952: 6950: 6947: 6945: 6942: 6940: 6939:Mother of God 6937: 6935: 6932: 6930: 6927: 6925: 6922: 6920: 6917: 6915: 6912: 6911: 6909: 6907: 6903: 6897: 6894: 6892: 6889: 6885: 6882: 6881: 6880: 6877: 6875: 6872: 6870: 6867: 6865: 6862: 6860: 6857: 6856: 6854: 6852: 6848: 6842: 6839: 6837: 6836: 6832: 6830: 6827: 6825: 6824:People of God 6822: 6820: 6819: 6815: 6813: 6812:Infallibility 6810: 6806: 6803: 6801: 6798: 6797: 6796: 6793: 6791: 6788: 6786: 6783: 6781: 6780: 6776: 6775: 6773: 6771: 6767: 6761: 6758: 6754: 6753: 6749: 6747: 6744: 6742: 6739: 6738: 6736: 6734: 6731: 6729: 6726: 6724: 6721: 6719: 6716: 6714: 6711: 6709: 6706: 6704: 6701: 6699: 6696: 6694: 6691: 6689: 6688:Body and soul 6686: 6682: 6679: 6677: 6674: 6673: 6672: 6669: 6668: 6666: 6662: 6659: 6656: 6655: 6650: 6646: 6641: 6637: 6627: 6624: 6622: 6619: 6617: 6614: 6612: 6609: 6607: 6604: 6602: 6599: 6597: 6594: 6592: 6591:Enlightenment 6589: 6587: 6584: 6578: 6575: 6574: 6573: 6570: 6568: 6565: 6564: 6563: 6562:Protestantism 6560: 6559: 6557: 6555: 6551: 6545: 6542: 6540: 6539:Scholasticism 6537: 6535: 6532: 6530: 6527: 6525: 6524:Schism (1378) 6522: 6520: 6517: 6515: 6512: 6510: 6509:Schism (1054) 6507: 6505: 6502: 6500: 6497: 6495: 6492: 6491: 6489: 6487: 6483: 6477: 6474: 6472: 6469: 6467: 6464: 6460: 6457: 6455: 6452: 6451: 6450: 6447: 6445: 6442: 6440: 6437: 6436: 6434: 6432: 6428: 6420: 6417: 6416: 6415: 6412: 6408: 6405: 6404: 6403: 6400: 6396: 6393: 6391: 6388: 6387: 6386: 6383: 6379: 6376: 6374: 6371: 6369: 6366: 6364: 6361: 6360: 6359: 6356: 6355: 6353: 6351: 6347: 6344: 6341: 6337: 6333: 6328: 6324: 6318: 6315: 6313: 6310: 6308: 6305: 6303: 6300: 6299: 6296: 6292: 6285: 6280: 6278: 6273: 6271: 6266: 6265: 6262: 6250: 6245: 6240: 6238: 6234: 6230: 6229: 6226: 6220: 6219:White Sisters 6217: 6214: 6211: 6208: 6205: 6202: 6199: 6197: 6194: 6191: 6188: 6185: 6182: 6180: 6177: 6175: 6172: 6170: 6167: 6165: 6162: 6160: 6157: 6154: 6151: 6148: 6145: 6143: 6140: 6138: 6135: 6133: 6130: 6128: 6125: 6123: 6120: 6118: 6115: 6113: 6110: 6108: 6105: 6102: 6099: 6097: 6094: 6092: 6089: 6086: 6083: 6081: 6078: 6076: 6073: 6071: 6068: 6065: 6062: 6059: 6056: 6053: 6050: 6047: 6044: 6041: 6038: 6036: 6033: 6030: 6027: 6024: 6021: 6019: 6016: 6014: 6011: 6008: 6005: 6003: 6000: 5997: 5994: 5991: 5988: 5985: 5982: 5979: 5976: 5974: 5971: 5968: 5965: 5963: 5960: 5958: 5955: 5953: 5950: 5948: 5945: 5943: 5940: 5938: 5935: 5933: 5930: 5928: 5925: 5922: 5919: 5916: 5913: 5911: 5908: 5906: 5903: 5901: 5898: 5896: 5893: 5890: 5887: 5884: 5881: 5878: 5875: 5873: 5870: 5868: 5865: 5863: 5860: 5857: 5854: 5851: 5848: 5847: 5845: 5841: 5834: 5831: 5828: 5825: 5822: 5819: 5816: 5813: 5811: 5808: 5805: 5802: 5799: 5798:Redemptorists 5796: 5793: 5790: 5787: 5784: 5781: 5778: 5775: 5772: 5769: 5766: 5763: 5760: 5758: 5755: 5752: 5749: 5746: 5743: 5740: 5737: 5734: 5731: 5728: 5725: 5722: 5719: 5716: 5713: 5710: 5707: 5704: 5701: 5698: 5695: 5692: 5689: 5686: 5683: 5680: 5677: 5675: 5672: 5669: 5666: 5663: 5660: 5657: 5654: 5651: 5648: 5646: 5643: 5640: 5637: 5634: 5631: 5628: 5625: 5622: 5619: 5616: 5613: 5610: 5607: 5604: 5601: 5598: 5595: 5592: 5589: 5586: 5583: 5580: 5577: 5574: 5571: 5568: 5565: 5563: 5560: 5557: 5554: 5551: 5548: 5545: 5542: 5539: 5536: 5533: 5530: 5528: 5525: 5522: 5519: 5518: 5516: 5512: 5504: 5493: 5490: 5487: 5484: 5482: 5479: 5476: 5473: 5470: 5469:Servite Order 5467: 5464: 5461: 5458: 5455: 5453: 5450: 5447: 5444: 5441: 5438: 5435: 5432: 5429: 5426: 5423: 5420: 5417: 5414: 5411: 5408: 5405: 5402: 5399: 5396: 5393: 5390: 5387: 5384: 5381: 5378: 5375: 5372: 5369: 5366: 5363: 5360: 5357: 5354: 5351: 5348: 5345: 5342: 5339: 5336: 5334: 5331: 5330: 5328: 5320: 5316: 5309: 5304: 5302: 5297: 5295: 5290: 5289: 5286: 5274: 5269: 5264: 5263: 5260: 5254: 5251: 5249: 5248:Monastic cell 5246: 5244: 5241: 5239: 5236: 5234: 5231: 5229: 5226: 5225: 5223: 5219: 5213: 5210: 5208: 5205: 5201: 5198: 5196: 5193: 5191: 5188: 5187: 5186: 5183: 5179: 5176: 5175: 5174: 5171: 5167: 5164: 5163: 5162: 5159: 5153: 5150: 5149: 5148: 5145: 5143: 5140: 5139: 5138: 5135: 5133: 5130: 5128: 5125: 5121: 5117: 5114: 5112: 5108: 5105: 5103: 5100: 5098: 5095: 5094: 5093: 5090: 5089: 5087: 5085: 5081: 5075: 5072: 5070: 5067: 5065: 5062: 5060: 5057: 5055: 5052: 5051: 5049: 5047: 5043: 5037: 5034: 5032: 5029: 5027: 5024: 5022: 5019: 5017: 5014: 5012: 5011:Contemplation 5009: 5008: 5006: 5004: 5000: 4994: 4991: 4989: 4986: 4984: 4981: 4979: 4976: 4974: 4971: 4969: 4966: 4964: 4961: 4959: 4958:Chapter house 4956: 4954: 4951: 4950: 4948: 4945: 4940: 4936: 4930: 4927: 4925: 4922: 4920: 4917: 4915: 4912: 4908: 4905: 4903: 4900: 4898: 4895: 4894: 4893: 4890: 4889: 4887: 4885: 4881: 4876: 4866: 4863: 4861: 4858: 4854: 4853:Congregations 4851: 4847: 4844: 4840: 4839:Second orders 4837: 4836: 4835: 4832: 4830: 4827: 4823: 4822:Idiorrhythmic 4820: 4818: 4815: 4813: 4810: 4808: 4805: 4804: 4803: 4800: 4799: 4798: 4795: 4794: 4793: 4790: 4788: 4785: 4783: 4780: 4779: 4777: 4775: 4771: 4767: 4763: 4756: 4751: 4749: 4744: 4742: 4737: 4736: 4733: 4721: 4718: 4717: 4714: 4708: 4702: 4699: 4697: 4694: 4692: 4689: 4686: 4683: 4681: 4678: 4676: 4673: 4671: 4668: 4666: 4663: 4661: 4658: 4656: 4653: 4651: 4648: 4647: 4645: 4641: 4635: 4632: 4630: 4627: 4625: 4622: 4620: 4617: 4615: 4612: 4610: 4607: 4605: 4602: 4600: 4597: 4595: 4592: 4590: 4587: 4585: 4582: 4580: 4577: 4575: 4572: 4570: 4567: 4565: 4562: 4560: 4557: 4555: 4552: 4550: 4547: 4545: 4542: 4540: 4537: 4535: 4532: 4530: 4527: 4525: 4522: 4520: 4517: 4515: 4512: 4510: 4507: 4505: 4502: 4500: 4497: 4495: 4494:Malling Abbey 4492: 4490: 4487: 4485: 4482: 4480: 4477: 4475: 4472: 4470: 4467: 4465: 4462: 4460: 4457: 4455: 4452: 4450: 4447: 4445: 4442: 4440: 4437: 4435: 4432: 4430: 4427: 4425: 4422: 4420: 4417: 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3378:on 2007-09-28 3377: 3373: 3367: 3352: 3348: 3344: 3338: 3330: 3326: 3320: 3309: 3303: 3296: 3292: 3289: 3284: 3277: 3264: 3260: 3259: 3251: 3235: 3231: 3227: 3221: 3214: 3210: 3207: 3202: 3195: 3191: 3187: 3182: 3175: 3171: 3168: 3162: 3155: 3151: 3145: 3138: 3134: 3131: 3125: 3123: 3116: 3112: 3109: 3103: 3097: 3093: 3087: 3080: 3076: 3073: 3067: 3060: 3047: 3043: 3037: 3030: 3026: 3022: 3016: 3008: 3001: 2999: 2990: 2983: 2975: 2968: 2960: 2956: 2952: 2948: 2944: 2940: 2933: 2925: 2918: 2903: 2899: 2895: 2891: 2887: 2883: 2879: 2875: 2871: 2867: 2860: 2858: 2856: 2854: 2852: 2850: 2848: 2839: 2835: 2831: 2827: 2823: 2819: 2812: 2810: 2808: 2806: 2804: 2795: 2791: 2787: 2783: 2779: 2775: 2768: 2766: 2758: 2752: 2737: 2733: 2729: 2723: 2716: 2710: 2702: 2700:9780674034884 2696: 2692: 2688: 2683: 2682: 2673: 2667: 2663: 2660: 2656: 2650: 2635: 2631: 2625: 2611:on 2018-11-22 2610: 2606: 2602: 2596: 2581: 2577: 2573: 2567: 2552: 2548: 2544: 2538: 2523: 2519: 2515: 2509: 2503: 2499: 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1734: 1731: 1729: 1727: 1721: 1718: 1715: 1713: 1709: 1705: 1703: 1701: 1695: 1688: 1685: 1682: 1678: 1674: 1671:Lay devotee ( 1670: 1668: 1664: 1660: 1655:modern female 1654: 1651: 1650:dasa sil mata 1647: 1643: 1639: 1635: 1631: 1629: 1625: 1622: 1618: 1614: 1610: 1607: 1605: 1603: 1597: 1591: 1587: 1585: 1581: 1578: 1574: 1571: 1569: 1567: 1561: 1557: 1554: 1550: 1546: 1539: 1536: 1533: 1531: 1530: 1525: 1522: 1521: 1517: 1512: 1511: 1504: 1499: 1489: 1487: 1483: 1473: 1465: 1462: 1460: 1451: 1448: 1445: 1442: 1441: 1440: 1438: 1434: 1430: 1426: 1422: 1421:General Synod 1418: 1414: 1408: 1405: 1403: 1399: 1395: 1390: 1385: 1381: 1379: 1375: 1371: 1367: 1362: 1360: 1356: 1352: 1348: 1340: 1335: 1327: 1322: 1312: 1310: 1305: 1303: 1300:. Nearly all 1299: 1295: 1291: 1283: 1279: 1270: 1268: 1264: 1260: 1259:Martin Luther 1254: 1251: 1246: 1244: 1240: 1236: 1232: 1231:Ebstorf Abbey 1228: 1224: 1220: 1216: 1208: 1207:Ebstorf Abbey 1204: 1198:Protestantism 1189: 1185: 1181: 1177: 1173: 1169: 1164: 1160: 1156: 1152: 1151: 1145: 1141: 1138: 1135: 1131: 1127: 1126:Stavrophore – 1124: 1121: 1117: 1113: 1109: 1106: 1103: 1099: 1095: 1091: 1087: 1083: 1080: 1079: 1077: 1072: 1069: 1065: 1063: 1059: 1055: 1051: 1047: 1043: 1039: 1035: 1031: 1027: 1023: 1022: 1017: 1016: 1011: 1003: 999: 995: 994: 989: 985: 977: 972: 966: 962: 958: 954: 949: 936: 933: 932: 931: 928: 926: 920: 916: 913: 909: 905: 895: 893: 889: 885: 878: 868: 866: 862: 855: 848:United States 838: 833: 829: 825: 818: 813: 810: 803: 798: 797: 796: 794: 790: 785: 784: 778: 774: 769: 765: 763: 759: 758:congregations 755: 751: 747: 742: 740: 739:Pope Leo XIII 735: 731: 727: 723: 719: 715: 714:Pope Leo XIII 711: 707: 703: 699: 695: 691: 686: 684: 680: 676: 672: 668: 664: 660: 656: 652: 648: 647:precinct wall 644: 640: 639:contemplation 635: 633: 629: 628:"solemn" vows 625: 619: 609: 607: 603: 599: 594: 591: 587: 583: 578: 576: 572: 567: 562: 560: 556: 552: 548: 538: 536: 532: 527: 526:contemplative 523: 519: 515: 511: 505: 503: 496: 492: 491:Mother Teresa 488: 481: 477: 473: 469: 467: 463: 459: 455: 451: 447: 443: 439: 435: 431: 427: 423: 418: 416: 412: 408: 404: 400: 396: 392: 388: 384: 374: 372: 368: 363: 359: 358:Divine Office 355: 350: 348: 344: 340: 336: 332: 328: 324: 317: 313: 311: 305: 297: 290: 286: 279: 275: 271: 266: 252: 250: 246: 242: 238: 235:are known as 234: 230: 226: 222: 218: 214: 210: 206: 202: 197: 195: 191: 187: 183: 179: 175: 159: 148: 139: 128: 119: 99: 96: 88: 78: 74: 70: 64: 62: 55: 46: 45: 40: 33: 19: 8301:Universities 8133:Third orders 8096:Associations 8086:Visitandines 8081:Trinitarians 8031:Mercedarians 8016:Hieronymites 7961:Camaldoleses 7946:Benedictines 7936:Augustinians 7896: 7889: 7882: 7863:Vatican News 7817:Distinctions 7623:Syro-Malabar 7508:Latin Church 7430:Grand master 7328:Metropolitan 7225:Vatican City 7120:Organisation 6999:Philosophers 6864:Confirmation 6841:In canon law 6835:Subsistit in 6833: 6829:Three states 6816: 6777: 6770:Ecclesiology 6752:Nova Vulgata 6750: 6708:Original sin 6703:Nicene Creed 6693:Divine grace 6652: 6534:Universities 6504:Papal States 6431:Great Church 6373:Resurrection 6350:Early Church 6233:Third orders 5721:Mechitarists 5532:Augustinians 5434:Mercedarians 5368:Bridgettines 5362:Benedictines 5127:Grand master 4077:Other topics 4031:Mixed orders 3909:Men's orders 3860: 3831:Verbi Sponsa 3830: 3820: 3817:Nuns article 3809: 3801: 3793: 3785: 3741: 3735: 3710: 3704: 3695: 3688:(1): 82–100. 3685: 3679: 3665: 3644: 3638: 3626: 3612: 3593: 3567: 3561: 3533: 3513: 3504: 3488: 3460: 3452: 3441:. 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7976:Carthusians 7931:Annonciades 7790:Altarpieces 7683:West Syriac 7678:East Syriac 7658:Alexandrian 7282:Holy orders 7263:Swiss Guard 7203:Dicasteries 7198:Roman Curia 7096:Evangelists 7054:Holy Family 6989:Personalism 6979:Natural law 6957:Josephology 6891:Holy orders 6529:Inquisition 6486:Middle Ages 6476:Monasticism 6444:Constantine 6368:Crucifixion 6040:Poor Clares 5786:Passionists 5645:Gabrielites 5422:Franciscans 5392:Cistercians 5386:Carthusians 5207:Lay brother 4993:Scriptorium 4142:Alton Abbey 3946:Ordo Crucis 3052:20 November 2341:www.pddm.us 2009:Monasticism 1926:long time. 1863:as well as 1861:enlightened 1684:Householder 1588:Nun trainee 1374:Holy Orders 1315:Anglicanism 1273:Lutheranism 1263:John Calvin 1134:prayer rule 1096:or a black 1046:confessions 925:solemn vows 710:Pope Pius V 679:Poor Clares 671:Augustinian 643:monasteries 446:Poor Clares 430:Camaldolese 426:Cistercians 422:Benedictine 415:solemn vows 371:Third Order 362:lay sisters 278:Benedictine 270:Scholastica 260:Catholicism 85:August 2021 8362:Asceticism 8346:Categories 8046:Oratorians 8001:Dominicans 7971:Carmelites 7966:Camillians 7914:institutes 7727:Tridentine 7663:Antiochian 7583:Macedonian 7528:Belarusian 7418:Provincial 7333:Archbishop 7253:Roman Rota 7215:Properties 7140:By country 7136:Precedence 7101:Confessors 7081:Archangels 7071:Patriarchs 6971:Philosophy 6949:Veneration 6914:Assumption 6884:Last rites 6851:Sacraments 6795:Four marks 6606:Vatican II 6554:Modern era 6390:Succession 6231:See also: 5872:Brigidines 5662:Josephites 5650:Holy Cross 5611:(OFM Conv) 5597:Claretians 5556:Camillians 5538:Barnabites 5416:Dominicans 5380:Carmelites 5374:Canossians 5228:Asceticism 5102:Provincial 5026:Meditation 4919:Solemn vow 4914:Profession 4834:Mendicants 4007:Lüne Abbey 3457:Lori Meeks 3443:2013-06-05 3382:2007-06-22 3357:2022-12-14 3240:23 October 3206:What We Do 3031:), p. 618. 3029:0884650448 2908:2019-12-14 2742:2018-02-14 2689:. p. 2640:2014-05-09 2615:2018-11-22 2586:2018-11-22 2557:2018-11-22 2528:2018-02-14 2409:2018-02-14 2380:2018-02-14 2351:2018-05-24 2322:2018-05-24 2271:2018-02-14 2243:2018-02-14 2215:, CIC 1983 2196:, CIC 1983 2177:, CIC 1983 2158:, CIC 1983 2135:2019-03-04 2073:2021-09-10 2042:References 1809:Patimokkha 1803:bhikkhunis 1584:Sikkhamānā 1516:Pāli Canon 1378:ordination 1347:Henry VIII 1094:apostolnik 1036:, or even 771:Since the 762:religiosae 734:Napoleonic 724:, both in 706:tertiaries 698:Pope Leo X 616:See also: 596:After the 541:Leadership 502:Carmelites 450:Franciscan 8287:See also: 8239:Charities 8148:Discalced 8076:Trappists 8071:Theatines 8041:Olivetans 7986:Clarisses 7956:Blue nuns 7941:Basilians 7918:societies 7826:See also: 7712:Mozarabic 7702:Ambrosian 7688:Malankara 7673:Byzantine 7633:Ukrainian 7608:Ruthenian 7573:Hungarian 7558:Ethiopian 7533:Bulgarian 7500:sui iuris 7484:Postulant 7393:Religious 7348:Auxiliary 7343:Coadjutor 7313:Patriarch 7181:Cardinals 7128:Canon law 7124:Hierarchy 7106:Disciples 7029:Relations 7017:Evolution 7008:See also: 6953:See also: 6906:Mariology 6896:Matrimony 6869:Eucharist 6790:Ecumenism 6718:Salvation 6654:Catechism 6649:Tradition 6611:Communism 6459:Chalcedon 6213:Ursulines 5915:Felicians 5815:Salesians 5569:(OFM Cap) 5567:Capuchins 5544:Basilians 5486:Trappists 5200:Postulant 5178:Anchorite 5031:Mysticism 4988:Refectory 4978:Hermitage 4939:Monastery 4907:Obedience 4807:Cenobitic 3758:148067468 3727:148045770 3621:266 pages 3584:151828886 3522:Catholics 3269:1 October 3196:, p. 151. 2898:144464752 2489:Cited in 2457:, p. 17). 2288:Canon 667 2206:Canon 657 2187:Canon 655 2168:Canon 656 2149:Canon 648 1997:Deaconess 1847:bhikkhuni 1831:bhikkunis 1827:Theravada 1646:thilashin 1566:Bhikkhuṇī 1498:Bhikkhunī 1476:Methodism 1250:Deaconess 1243:Bursfelde 1219:Negenborn 1188:Jerusalem 1184:Ein Karem 1058:presbyter 1054:blessings 1038:patriarch 1010:igumanija 1006:игуманија 965:Schemanun 824:Basankusu 789:Cor Orans 677:nuns and 675:Carmelite 667:Dominican 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