59:
35:
369:
for the Sinai front. Cemal Pasha was given the responsibility for Syria and
Western Arabia as the commander of the 4. Army, and Jerusalem and Palestine region would be the responsibility of Falkenhayn, who was given full command of 6., 7. and 8. Armies. Army group was also assigned four aviation companies.
288:, he did not want him to feel slighted. The Ottoman army meanwhile had failed to capitalize on the success at Kut and the British had made extensive preparations for another general assault. The British then attacked strongly, and Halil Pasha could not hold on to the defensive positions and Ottomans had to
368:
Cemal Pasha was favoring a defensive operation, von Kress thought a limited offensive operation would be most appropriate, and
Falkenhayn was for a broad attack. Ottoman Army Headquarters tried to solve this difference of opinion on the strategy by assigning 8. Army to von Kress and made responsible
335:
Its organization was to be very different that other German units and personnel assisting the
Ottoman war effort. Its staff was organized like that of a German army group, with a German general on top. Yıldırım Army received separate German funds to help with equipment and needs of the personnel.
327:
13. and 18. Corps will join 6th Army, and 3. and 15. Corps will join the 7., which will be assigned German Asia Corps also. Pasha II headquarters will have a German infantry battalion with three companies, three German machine gun companies, and all technical support personnel
310:
for the choice of the name. Naming was also chosen to obfuscate the intended mission and theater of operation for this army group. Germans called it F(Falke) Army Group. This army group was composed of
Ottoman 6. and 7. Armies, with German Asia Corps attached to 7. Army.
299:
Organization of the
Yildirim Army group started on May 7, 1917, with the arrival General Falkenhayn to Constantinople. His official commission was approved on July 11, 1917 by Sultan, and order for the establishment of the army group was published on July 15.
295:
Immediately plans were started to take this ancient and important city back. Only once it was realized that retaking of
Baghdad would not be possible without German help, Enver Pasha relented and the new organization was allowed to proceed
352:
and had launched an intense propaganda campaign among Arab populations behind the fronts. Falkenhayn immediately realized the danger and told Enver Pasha that it would not be wise to move to
Baghdad without securing the
2465:
2460:
2455:
2450:
2445:
2440:
2435:
2430:
2425:
678:
2583:
2496:
361:, concerned about intense British propaganda, also favored bolstering the Sinai-Palestine area. There were intense discussions among the military leaders, Enver Pasha, Mushir Falkenhayn, Cemal Pasha,
2557:
2420:
2415:
2410:
2405:
2400:
2395:
2390:
2385:
2380:
2375:
2370:
2365:
2360:
2355:
2350:
2345:
2340:
2335:
2330:
2325:
2320:
2315:
2310:
2305:
2300:
2295:
2290:
2285:
2280:
2275:
2270:
2265:
2260:
2255:
2245:
2235:
2225:
2220:
2215:
2205:
2200:
2190:
2185:
2180:
2175:
2170:
1041:
1006:
1002:
876:
841:
815:
674:
623:
619:
512:
505:
500:
495:
445:
428:
423:
2527:
2155:
2145:
2135:
2130:
2120:
658:
606:
483:
2491:
2486:
2481:
630:
348:
Original mission of
Yildirim Army Group was to move South along Euphrates and surround the British. There was a plan for a small naval force on the river also. Meanwhile British had conquered
2089:
2084:
2079:
2099:
365:, Liman von Sanders and Berlin as the mission goals were changed. Eventually in September, Falkenhayn succeeded in directing the Yildirim Army Group towards Sinai and Palestine.
2094:
2104:
1814:
809:
2542:
2537:
1162:
929:
1211:
1078:) and decided to establish army inspectorate for the defense of homeland. In late April, Fevzi Çakmak submitted this report to the Minister of War
1079:
1807:
237:
321:
Yildirim Army Group will be commanded by Field
Marshal (Mushir, his rank was raised) Falkenhayn and his chief of staff is Colonel Dommes
2578:
1800:
2043:
1086:
ratified the decision about the establishing of army inspectorates that had been accepted by the Chief of
General Staff And then the
362:
336:
The army group included troops who used the latest Western-Front infiltration tactics; were equipped with close-combat gear, such as
200:
Starting in June 1917, the Yildirim Army Group's first commander in chief was the former Prussian Minister of War and Chief of Staff
2517:
2512:
2552:
2250:
2240:
2230:
2210:
2195:
2165:
1518:
Joseph Pomiankowiski, "Osmanlı Imparatorlugunun Çokusu, 1914-1918, 1. Dunya Savaşı", (Çev Kemal Turan), Istanbul 1990, pp.248-249
990:
670:
440:
2160:
2150:
2140:
2125:
662:
478:
1487:
1445:
92:
1846:
2053:
1851:
2074:
2048:
2038:
307:
1215:
1103:
1087:
1776:
1752:
1728:
1704:
1683:
1662:
1641:
1620:
1572:
1414:
1389:
1345:
1324:
1300:
1260:
1375:
Gn.Kur. ATASE Başkanlığı Yay., "Birinci Dunya Harbinde Turk Harbi Sina-Filistin Cephesi", c IV/2, Ankara 1986, p.69
1126:
would be under the direction of the Ministry of War. In May 1919, the army inspectorate was structured as follows:
1897:
1015:
855:
704:
591:
401:
225:
2547:
2058:
2008:
1902:
1882:
1872:
1554:
Gen. Kur. Harp Tarihi Baskanligi Yay. "1. Dunya Harbi Turk Hava Harekati", C. IX, Ankara, 1969, pp. 189-195
975:
900:
789:
739:
640:
490:
106:
2028:
2003:
1983:
1958:
1907:
1892:
1887:
1877:
1867:
1207:
1123:
910:
831:
749:
653:
555:
473:
459:
318:
An army group named Yildirim to be established. For the time being headquarters will be in Constantinople
2033:
2023:
2013:
1998:
1988:
1978:
1953:
1933:
1151:
1025:
985:
865:
714:
601:
418:
2532:
2018:
1993:
1973:
1963:
1948:
1938:
1928:
1182:
1035:
997:
883:
802:
724:
614:
535:
435:
331:
6. and 7. Armies will immediately complete their preparations and assemble under the new army group.
1968:
1943:
1923:
115:
1111:
969:
859:
412:
142:
783:
698:
289:
205:
137:
1469:
1059:
1479:
1427:
869:
979:
1471:
Lawrence of Arabia's War: The Arabs, the British and the Remaking of the Middle East in WWI
1357:
Jeduha L. Wallach, "Bir Askeri Yardımin Anatomisi". (Çev Fahri Çelıker), Ankara 1985, p.191
1219:
585:
395:
245:
201:
132:
8:
1823:
209:
1277:
Türk İstiklâl Harbine Katılan Tümen ve Daha Üst Kademelerdeki Komutanların Biyografileri
1063:
904:
743:
647:
1772:
1748:
1724:
1700:
1679:
1658:
1637:
1616:
1568:
1483:
1441:
1437:
1410:
1385:
1341:
1320:
1296:
1256:
303:
261:
1792:
1193:
1019:
887:
835:
354:
171:
1091:
1067:
708:
595:
240:
representative in Constantinople General von Lossow on April 22, 1916 had asked
1145:
1119:
1099:
1071:
796:
163:
96:
64:
2572:
1384:
Liman von Sanders"Five Years in Turkey", 1928, p. 173, (English translation)
248:
be appointed to the head of 6. Ottoman Army to protect the high interests of
213:
191:
314:
The order for the creation of the army group specifically read as follows:
1142:
644:
285:
229:
183:
20:
1827:
463:
358:
273:
265:
257:
233:
187:
110:
2522:
914:
452:
194:
179:
74:
340:
and stick-grenades; and were supported by artillery and machine guns.
1475:
1083:
467:
337:
281:
1769:
Mütareke Döneminde Ordunun Durumu ve Yeniden Yapılanması (1918–1920)
1745:
Mütareke Döneminde Ordunun Durumu ve Yeniden Yapılanması (1918–1920)
1721:
Mütareke Döneminde Ordunun Durumu ve Yeniden Yapılanması (1918–1920)
1697:
Mütareke Döneminde Ordunun Durumu ve Yeniden Yapılanması (1918–1920)
1409:
General Liman von Sanders, "Five Years in Turkey" 1928, Chapter 13,
1293:
Mütareke Döneminde Ordunun Durumu ve Yeniden Yapılanması (1918–1920)
2584:
Military units and formations of the Ottoman Empire in World War I
1676:
Order to Die: A History of the Ottoman Army in the First World War
1655:
Order to Die: A History of the Ottoman Army in the First World War
1634:
Order to Die: A History of the Ottoman Army in the First World War
1613:
Order to Die: A History of the Ottoman Army in the First World War
1565:
Order to Die: A History of the Ottoman Army in the First World War
1366:
Ali Ihsan Sabis, "Harp Hatiralarim", Yay Nehir Yayinevi, cIV, 1991
1338:
Order to Die: A History of the Ottoman Army in the First World War
1317:
Order to Die: A History of the Ottoman Army in the First World War
1253:
Order to Die: A History of the Ottoman Army in the First World War
1155:
244:
by telegraph to have (then) chief of German general staff General
34:
1190:
1159:
1107:
966:
806:
793:
409:
277:
249:
1429:
From Gaza to Jerusalem: The Campaign for Southern Palestine 1917
1433:
1186:
1115:
1114:, later Third Army Inspectorate) was formed. Additionally, the
926:
392:
269:
241:
1138:
1095:
845:
778:
In September 1918, the army group was structured as follows:
405:
349:
216:
took command until the Group's dissolution a few days later.
39:
Mustafa Kemal Atatürk as commander, with his adjutants, 1918.
961:
In November 1918, the army group was structured as follows:
580:
In January 1918, the army group was structured as follows:
253:
387:
In August 1917, the army group was structured as follows:
276:
was initially against the involvement of German allies in
1053:
1536:
Gen. Kur. ATASE Yay. "Sina Filistin Cephesi", pp. 97-110
693:
In June 1918, the army group was structured as follows:
204:. Von Falkenhayn was replaced by General of the Cavalry
1822:
1279:, Genkurmay Başkanlığı Basımevi, Ankara, 1972, p. 9.
190:. While being an Ottoman unit, it also contained the
1102:, later Second Army Inspectorate) Inspectorate, the
1545:
Gen. Kur. ATASE arsiv, 1/6, Kls. 1137, Ds. 66, F 80
1275:T.C. Genelkurmay Harp Tarihi Başkanlığı Yayınları,
1509:Gn. Kur. ATASE Yay., "Sina Filistin Cephesi", p.85
1094:), the Yildirim Troops Inspectorate (stationed in
773:
324:6. and 7. Armies will be assigned to the new group
1082:. On April 30, 1919, the War Ministry and Sultan
956:
719:1st Division, 24th Division, 3rd Cavalry Division
2570:
575:
1400:Gn Kur ATASE Arşivı 1-1, Kls· 211, Ds 892, F 17
382:
1271:
1269:
1808:
1247:
1245:
1074:. They prepared a report called "Trio Oath" (
688:
1668:
1647:
1626:
1605:
1557:
1266:
729:26th Division, 53rd Division, 19th Division
1815:
1801:
1330:
1309:
1242:
306:makes a vague reference to the Napoleon's
33:
754:3rd Division, 7th Division, 20th Division
1467:
1285:
16:Ottoman military unit during World War I
1425:
2571:
1054:Yildirim Troops Inspectorate, May 1919
1796:
372:
1771:, Türk Tarih Kurumu Basımevi, 2001,
1747:, Türk Tarih Kurumu Basımevi, 2001,
1723:, Türk Tarih Kurumu Basımevi, 2001,
1699:, Türk Tarih Kurumu Basımevi, 2001,
1295:, Türk Tarih Kurumu Basımevi, 2001,
1527:Huseyin Husnu Emir, Yıldırım, p. 56
826:24th Division, 3rd Cavalry Division
13:
308:French campaign in Egypt and Syria
14:
2595:
2579:Army groups of the Ottoman Empire
1788:
228:just prior to Ottoman victory at
219:
140:(February 24 – October 30, 1918)
57:
1761:
1737:
1713:
1689:
1596:
1587:
1578:
1548:
1539:
1530:
1521:
1512:
1503:
1461:
1419:
1403:
1394:
1122:) would be established and the
951:
774:Order of Battle, September 1918
357:front first. 4. Army commander
272:also. Ottoman Minister of War,
208:on 25 February 1918. After the
145:(October 31 – November 7, 1918)
1468:Faulkner, Neil (24 May 2016).
1378:
1369:
1360:
1351:
1216:First Army Troops Inspectorate
1135:Yıldırım Kıt'aatı Müfettişliği
1118:Military Troops Inspectorate (
1104:Ninth Army Troops Inspectorate
1090:(stationed in Constantinople,
1088:First Army Troops Inspectorate
957:Order of Battle, November 1918
943:2nd Caucasian Cavalry Division
765:2nd Caucasian Cavalry Division
679:2nd Caucasian Cavalry Division
609:, 19th Division, 24th Division
377:
264:, who was responsible for the
135:(July 1917 – February 6, 1918)
1:
1236:
576:Order of Battle, January 1918
268:front, could now be moved to
260:. He had also suggested that
2548:Islamic Army of the Caucasus
1131:Yildirim Troops Inspectorate
1030:11th Division, 24th Division
935:16th Division, 19th Division
893:26th Division, 53rd Division
383:Order of Battle, August 1917
107:Sinai and Palestine Campaign
48:July 1917 – November 7, 1918
7:
920:7th Division, 20th Division
782:Yildirim Army Group (Müşir
697:Yildirim Army Group (Müşir
584:Yildirim Army Group (Müşir
10:
2600:
818:, Provisional Division x 3
689:Order of Battle, June 1918
343:
18:
2533:Hejaz Expeditionary Force
2505:
2474:
2113:
2067:
1916:
1860:
1834:
1678:, Greenwood Press, 2001,
1657:, Greenwood Press, 2001,
1636:, Greenwood Press, 2001,
1615:, Greenwood Press, 2001,
1567:, Greenwood Press, 2001,
1340:, Greenwood Press, 2001,
1319:, Greenwood Press, 2001,
1255:, Greenwood Press, 2001,
1070:hold a secret meeting in
126:
121:
102:
88:
80:
70:
52:
44:
32:
27:
1426:Hadaway, Stuart (2015).
2518:5th Expeditionary Force
2513:1st Expeditionary Force
1602:Falls 1930 Vol. 2 p. 35
1214:, transferred from the
547:178th Infantry Regiment
280:. After the success of
238:German military mission
784:Otto Liman von Sanders
699:Otto Liman von Sanders
292:on March 10/11, 1917.
206:Otto Liman von Sanders
160:Thunderbolt Army Group
138:Otto Liman von Sanders
2543:2nd Provisional Force
2538:1st Provisional Force
1480:Yale University Press
1177:20th Cavalry Regiment
1112:Mustafa Kemal Atatürk
970:Mustafa Kemal Atatürk
965:Yildirim Army Group (
860:Mustafa Kemal Atatürk
413:Mustafa Kemal Atatürk
391:Yildirim Army Group (
143:Mustafa Kemal Atatürk
1674:Edward J. Erickson,
1653:Edward J. Erickson,
1632:Edward J. Erickson,
1611:Edward J. Erickson,
1593:Erickson 2001 p. 163
1563:Edward J. Erickson,
1336:Edward J. Erickson,
1315:Edward J. Erickson,
1251:Edward J. Erickson,
1220:Occupation of Smyrna
1174:7th Cavalry Regiment
848:Provisional Division
631:3rd Cavalry Division
586:Erich von Falkenhayn
550:3rd Cavalry Division
396:Erich von Falkenhayn
246:Erich von Falkenhayn
212:on 30 October 1918,
202:Erich von Falkenhayn
133:Erich von Falkenhayn
1060:Şevket Turgut Pasha
810:Galatalı Şevket Bey
210:Armistice of Mudros
156:Yıldırım Army Group
28:Yıldırım Army Group
2114:Infantry divisions
1767:Zekeriya Türkmen,
1743:Zekeriya Türkmen,
1719:Zekeriya Türkmen,
1695:Zekeriya Türkmen,
1291:Zekeriya Türkmen,
373:Active Engagements
224:Upon the death of
2566:
2565:
2523:German Asia Corps
1489:978-0-300-19683-2
1447:978-0-7509-6661-0
1438:The History Press
1210:(Smyrna, Mirliva
938:German Asia Corps
925:Left Wing Corps (
734:German Asia Corps
635:German Asia Corps
453:German Asia Corps
304:Liman von Sanders
262:Liman von Sanders
149:
148:
116:Battle of Megiddo
2591:
1817:
1810:
1803:
1794:
1793:
1783:
1782:
1765:
1759:
1758:
1741:
1735:
1734:
1717:
1711:
1710:
1693:
1687:
1672:
1666:
1651:
1645:
1630:
1624:
1609:
1603:
1600:
1594:
1591:
1585:
1582:
1576:
1561:
1555:
1552:
1546:
1543:
1537:
1534:
1528:
1525:
1519:
1516:
1510:
1507:
1501:
1500:
1498:
1496:
1465:
1459:
1458:
1456:
1454:
1423:
1417:
1407:
1401:
1398:
1392:
1382:
1376:
1373:
1367:
1364:
1358:
1355:
1349:
1334:
1328:
1313:
1307:
1306:
1289:
1283:
1282:
1273:
1264:
1249:
1194:Ali Fuat Cebesoy
1020:Ali Fuat Cebesoy
930:Gustav von Oppen
888:Ali Fuat Cebesoy
290:evacuate Baghdad
63:
61:
60:
37:
25:
24:
2599:
2598:
2594:
2593:
2592:
2590:
2589:
2588:
2569:
2568:
2567:
2562:
2501:
2497:Van Gendarmerie
2475:Other divisions
2470:
2109:
2068:Fortified areas
2063:
1912:
1856:
1830:
1821:
1791:
1786:
1780:
1779:, pp. 110–111.
1766:
1762:
1756:
1742:
1738:
1732:
1718:
1714:
1708:
1694:
1690:
1673:
1669:
1652:
1648:
1631:
1627:
1610:
1606:
1601:
1597:
1592:
1588:
1583:
1579:
1562:
1558:
1553:
1549:
1544:
1540:
1535:
1531:
1526:
1522:
1517:
1513:
1508:
1504:
1494:
1492:
1490:
1482:. p. 482.
1466:
1462:
1452:
1450:
1448:
1424:
1420:
1408:
1404:
1399:
1395:
1383:
1379:
1374:
1370:
1365:
1361:
1356:
1352:
1335:
1331:
1314:
1310:
1304:
1290:
1286:
1280:
1274:
1267:
1250:
1243:
1239:
1212:Ali Nadir Pasha
1058:In April 1919,
1056:
959:
954:
836:Yasin Hilmi Bey
776:
691:
665:, 20th Division
578:
385:
380:
375:
346:
236:front in Iraq,
222:
152:
141:
136:
128:
114:
58:
56:
40:
23:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2597:
2587:
2586:
2581:
2564:
2563:
2561:
2560:
2555:
2550:
2545:
2540:
2535:
2530:
2525:
2520:
2515:
2509:
2507:
2503:
2502:
2500:
2499:
2494:
2489:
2484:
2478:
2476:
2472:
2471:
2469:
2468:
2463:
2458:
2453:
2448:
2443:
2438:
2433:
2428:
2423:
2418:
2413:
2408:
2403:
2398:
2393:
2388:
2383:
2378:
2373:
2368:
2363:
2358:
2353:
2348:
2343:
2338:
2333:
2328:
2323:
2318:
2313:
2308:
2303:
2298:
2293:
2288:
2283:
2278:
2273:
2268:
2263:
2258:
2253:
2248:
2243:
2238:
2233:
2228:
2223:
2218:
2213:
2208:
2203:
2198:
2193:
2188:
2183:
2178:
2173:
2168:
2163:
2158:
2153:
2148:
2143:
2138:
2133:
2128:
2123:
2117:
2115:
2111:
2110:
2108:
2107:
2102:
2097:
2092:
2087:
2082:
2077:
2071:
2069:
2065:
2064:
2062:
2061:
2056:
2051:
2046:
2041:
2036:
2031:
2026:
2021:
2016:
2011:
2006:
2001:
1996:
1991:
1986:
1981:
1976:
1971:
1966:
1961:
1956:
1951:
1946:
1941:
1936:
1931:
1926:
1920:
1918:
1914:
1913:
1911:
1910:
1905:
1900:
1895:
1890:
1885:
1880:
1875:
1870:
1864:
1862:
1858:
1857:
1855:
1854:
1849:
1844:
1838:
1836:
1832:
1831:
1824:Ottoman Forces
1820:
1819:
1812:
1805:
1797:
1790:
1789:External links
1787:
1785:
1784:
1760:
1736:
1712:
1688:
1667:
1646:
1625:
1604:
1595:
1586:
1577:
1556:
1547:
1538:
1529:
1520:
1511:
1502:
1488:
1460:
1446:
1440:. p. 63.
1418:
1402:
1393:
1377:
1368:
1359:
1350:
1329:
1308:
1284:
1265:
1240:
1238:
1235:
1234:
1233:
1232:
1231:
1230:
1229:
1226:
1205:
1204:
1203:
1200:
1180:
1179:
1178:
1175:
1172:
1169:
1163:Selâhaddin Bey
1146:Cemal Mersinli
1120:Nureddin Pasha
1106:(stationed in
1100:Cemal Mersinli
1072:Constantinople
1055:
1052:
1051:
1050:
1049:
1048:
1047:
1046:
1045:
1044:
1040:1st Division,
1033:
1032:
1031:
1013:
1012:
1011:
1010:
1009:
995:
994:
993:
958:
955:
953:
950:
949:
948:
947:
946:
945:
944:
941:
940:
939:
936:
923:
922:
921:
898:
897:
896:
895:
894:
881:
880:
879:
875:1st Division,
853:
852:
851:
850:
849:
829:
828:
827:
821:
820:
819:
797:Cemal Mersinli
775:
772:
771:
770:
769:
768:
767:
766:
763:
760:
757:
756:
755:
737:
736:
735:
732:
731:
730:
722:
721:
720:
690:
687:
686:
685:
684:
683:
682:
681:
668:
667:
666:
638:
637:
636:
633:
628:
627:
626:
612:
611:
610:
577:
574:
573:
572:
571:
570:
569:
568:
565:
562:
553:
552:
551:
548:
545:
542:
532:59th Division
530:
527:
520:
519:
518:
517:
516:
515:
510:
509:
508:
503:
498:
488:
487:
486:
481:
457:
456:
455:
450:
449:
448:
443:
433:
432:
431:
426:
384:
381:
379:
376:
374:
371:
363:von Kres Pasha
345:
342:
333:
332:
329:
325:
322:
319:
221:
218:
176:Heeresgruppe F
164:Ottoman Empire
150:
147:
146:
130:
124:
123:
119:
118:
104:
100:
99:
97:Ottoman Empire
90:
86:
85:
82:
78:
77:
72:
68:
67:
65:Ottoman Empire
54:
50:
49:
46:
42:
41:
38:
30:
29:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2596:
2585:
2582:
2580:
2577:
2576:
2574:
2559:
2556:
2554:
2551:
2549:
2546:
2544:
2541:
2539:
2536:
2534:
2531:
2529:
2526:
2524:
2521:
2519:
2516:
2514:
2511:
2510:
2508:
2504:
2498:
2495:
2493:
2490:
2488:
2485:
2483:
2480:
2479:
2477:
2473:
2467:
2464:
2462:
2459:
2457:
2454:
2452:
2449:
2447:
2444:
2442:
2439:
2437:
2434:
2432:
2429:
2427:
2424:
2422:
2419:
2417:
2414:
2412:
2409:
2407:
2404:
2402:
2399:
2397:
2394:
2392:
2389:
2387:
2384:
2382:
2379:
2377:
2374:
2372:
2369:
2367:
2364:
2362:
2359:
2357:
2354:
2352:
2349:
2347:
2344:
2342:
2339:
2337:
2334:
2332:
2329:
2327:
2324:
2322:
2319:
2317:
2314:
2312:
2309:
2307:
2304:
2302:
2299:
2297:
2294:
2292:
2289:
2287:
2284:
2282:
2279:
2277:
2274:
2272:
2269:
2267:
2264:
2262:
2259:
2257:
2254:
2252:
2249:
2247:
2244:
2242:
2239:
2237:
2234:
2232:
2229:
2227:
2224:
2222:
2219:
2217:
2214:
2212:
2209:
2207:
2204:
2202:
2199:
2197:
2194:
2192:
2189:
2187:
2184:
2182:
2179:
2177:
2174:
2172:
2169:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2134:
2132:
2129:
2127:
2124:
2122:
2119:
2118:
2116:
2112:
2106:
2103:
2101:
2098:
2096:
2093:
2091:
2088:
2086:
2083:
2081:
2078:
2076:
2073:
2072:
2070:
2066:
2060:
2057:
2055:
2052:
2050:
2047:
2045:
2042:
2040:
2037:
2035:
2032:
2030:
2027:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2007:
2005:
2002:
2000:
1997:
1995:
1992:
1990:
1987:
1985:
1982:
1980:
1977:
1975:
1972:
1970:
1967:
1965:
1962:
1960:
1957:
1955:
1952:
1950:
1947:
1945:
1942:
1940:
1937:
1935:
1932:
1930:
1927:
1925:
1922:
1921:
1919:
1915:
1909:
1906:
1904:
1901:
1899:
1896:
1894:
1891:
1889:
1886:
1884:
1881:
1879:
1876:
1874:
1871:
1869:
1866:
1865:
1863:
1859:
1853:
1850:
1848:
1845:
1843:
1840:
1839:
1837:
1833:
1829:
1825:
1818:
1813:
1811:
1806:
1804:
1799:
1798:
1795:
1778:
1777:975-16-1372-8
1774:
1770:
1764:
1754:
1753:975-16-1372-8
1750:
1746:
1740:
1730:
1729:975-16-1372-8
1726:
1722:
1716:
1706:
1705:975-16-1372-8
1702:
1698:
1692:
1685:
1684:0-313-31516-7
1681:
1677:
1671:
1664:
1663:0-313-31516-7
1660:
1656:
1650:
1643:
1642:0-313-31516-7
1639:
1635:
1629:
1622:
1621:0-313-31516-7
1618:
1614:
1608:
1599:
1590:
1581:
1574:
1573:0-313-31516-7
1570:
1566:
1560:
1551:
1542:
1533:
1524:
1515:
1506:
1491:
1485:
1481:
1477:
1473:
1472:
1464:
1449:
1443:
1439:
1435:
1431:
1430:
1422:
1416:
1415:0-9535181-1-6
1412:
1406:
1397:
1391:
1390:0-9535181-1-6
1387:
1381:
1372:
1363:
1354:
1347:
1346:0-313-31516-7
1343:
1339:
1333:
1326:
1325:0-313-31516-7
1322:
1318:
1312:
1302:
1301:975-16-1372-8
1298:
1294:
1288:
1278:
1272:
1270:
1262:
1261:0-313-31516-7
1258:
1254:
1248:
1246:
1241:
1228:57th Division
1227:
1225:56th Division
1224:
1223:
1221:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1206:
1202:24th Division
1201:
1199:23rd Division
1198:
1197:
1195:
1192:
1188:
1184:
1181:
1176:
1173:
1171:41st Division
1170:
1168:11th Division
1167:
1166:
1164:
1161:
1157:
1153:
1150:
1149:
1147:
1144:
1141:, Inspector:
1140:
1136:
1132:
1129:
1128:
1127:
1125:
1121:
1117:
1113:
1109:
1105:
1101:
1097:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1064:Cevat Çobanlı
1061:
1043:
1042:43rd Division
1039:
1038:
1037:
1034:
1029:
1028:
1027:
1024:
1023:
1021:
1017:
1014:
1008:
1007:44th Division
1004:
1003:41st Division
1001:
1000:
999:
996:
992:
991:23rd Division
989:
988:
987:
984:
983:
981:
980:Nihat Anılmış
977:
974:
973:
971:
968:
964:
963:
962:
942:
937:
934:
933:
931:
928:
924:
919:
918:
916:
912:
909:
908:
906:
905:Cevat Çobanlı
902:
899:
892:
891:
889:
885:
882:
878:
877:11th Division
874:
873:
871:
867:
864:
863:
861:
857:
854:
847:
843:
842:48th Division
840:
839:
837:
833:
830:
825:
824:
823:Jordan Group
822:
817:
816:62nd Division
814:
813:
811:
808:
804:
801:
800:
798:
795:
791:
788:
787:
785:
781:
780:
779:
764:
762:54th Division
761:
759:16th Division
758:
753:
752:
751:
748:
747:
745:
744:Cevat Çobanlı
741:
738:
733:
728:
727:
726:
723:
718:
717:
716:
713:
712:
710:
706:
703:
702:
700:
696:
695:
694:
680:
676:
675:54th Division
672:
671:16th Division
669:
664:
660:
657:
656:
655:
652:
651:
649:
648:Cevat Çobanlı
646:
642:
639:
634:
632:
629:
625:
624:53rd Division
621:
620:26th Division
618:
617:
616:
613:
608:
605:
604:
603:
600:
599:
597:
593:
590:
589:
587:
583:
582:
581:
567:53rd Division
566:
563:
560:
559:
557:
554:
549:
546:
544:54th Division
543:
541:16th Division
540:
539:
537:
534:
533:
531:
529:48th Division
528:
526:42nd Division
525:
524:
523:
514:
513:46th Division
511:
507:
506:52nd Division
504:
502:
501:51st Division
499:
497:
496:14th Division
494:
493:
492:
489:
485:
482:
480:
477:
476:
475:
472:
471:
469:
465:
461:
458:
454:
451:
447:
446:20th Division
444:
442:
441:19th Division
439:
438:
437:
434:
430:
429:50th Division
427:
425:
424:24th Division
422:
421:
420:
417:
416:
414:
411:
407:
403:
400:
399:
397:
394:
390:
389:
388:
370:
366:
364:
360:
356:
351:
341:
339:
330:
326:
323:
320:
317:
316:
315:
312:
309:
305:
301:
297:
293:
291:
287:
283:
279:
275:
271:
267:
263:
259:
255:
251:
247:
243:
239:
235:
231:
227:
220:Establishment
217:
215:
214:Mustafa Kemal
211:
207:
203:
198:
196:
193:
189:
185:
181:
177:
173:
169:
165:
161:
157:
151:Military unit
144:
139:
134:
131:
125:
120:
117:
112:
108:
105:
101:
98:
94:
91:
87:
83:
79:
76:
73:
69:
66:
55:
51:
47:
43:
36:
31:
26:
22:
2466:37 Caucasian
2461:36 Caucasian
2456:11 Caucasian
2451:10 Caucasian
2054:II Caucasian
1841:
1781:(in Turkish)
1768:
1763:
1757:(in Turkish)
1744:
1739:
1733:(in Turkish)
1720:
1715:
1709:(in Turkish)
1696:
1691:
1675:
1670:
1654:
1649:
1633:
1628:
1612:
1607:
1598:
1589:
1580:
1564:
1559:
1550:
1541:
1532:
1523:
1514:
1505:
1493:. Retrieved
1470:
1463:
1451:. Retrieved
1428:
1421:
1405:
1396:
1380:
1371:
1362:
1353:
1337:
1332:
1316:
1311:
1305:(in Turkish)
1292:
1287:
1281:(in Turkish)
1276:
1252:
1134:
1130:
1092:Fevzi Çakmak
1076:Üçler Misâkı
1075:
1068:Fevzi Çakmak
1057:
1016:Seventh Army
960:
952:After Mudros
856:Seventh Army
777:
709:Fevzi Çakmak
705:Seventh Army
692:
663:7th Division
659:3rd Division
607:1st Division
596:Fevzi Çakmak
592:Seventh Army
579:
564:7th Division
561:3rd Division
521:
484:6th Division
479:2nd Division
402:Seventh Army
386:
367:
347:
334:
313:
302:
298:
294:
286:Siege of Kut
230:Siege of Kut
223:
199:
184:Ottoman Army
175:
168:Army Group F
167:
159:
155:
153:
21:Army Group F
2446:9 Caucasian
2441:5 Caucasian
2436:3 Caucasian
2431:2 Caucasian
2426:1 Caucasian
2075:Dardanelles
2049:I Caucasian
1835:Army groups
1828:World War I
1495:24 November
1453:24 November
1080:Şakir Pasha
976:Second Army
901:Eighth Army
870:İsmet İnönü
790:Fourth Army
740:Eighth Army
641:Eighth Army
491:XVIII Corps
464:Mesopotamia
378:World War I
359:Cemal Pasha
282:Halil Pasha
274:Enver Pasha
258:Mesopotamia
234:Mesopotamia
226:Goltz Pasha
188:World War I
111:World War I
103:Engagements
2573:Categories
2090:Adrianople
1755:, p. 333.
1731:, p. 106.
1707:, p. 105.
1237:References
1218:after the
1208:XVII Corps
1124:XIII Corps
1022:, deputy)
915:Refet Bele
911:XXII Corps
832:VIII Corps
750:XXII Corps
654:XXII Corps
556:XXII Corps
474:XIII Corps
460:Sixth Army
338:Stahlhelms
266:Dardanelle
195:Asia Corps
180:Army Group
129:commanders
122:Commanders
75:Army group
19:See also:
2492:3 Cavalry
2487:2 Cavalry
2482:1 Cavalry
2085:Chataldja
2080:Bosphorus
2039:Iraq Area
1686:, p. 202.
1665:, p. 197.
1644:, p. 188.
1623:, p. 181.
1575:, p. 170.
1476:New Haven
1348:, p. 194.
1327:, p. 193.
1303:, p. 48.
1263:, p. 169.
1152:XII Corps
1084:Mehmed VI
1026:III Corps
1018:(Mirliva
986:XII Corps
978:(Mirliva
913:(Miralay
886:(Miralay
868:(Miralay
866:III Corps
858:(Mirliva
834:(Miralay
715:III Corps
707:(Mirliva
602:III Corps
594:(Mirliva
522:with the
468:Halil Kut
466:(Mirliva
419:III Corps
178:) was an
2558:177 Rgt.
1847:Caucasus
1842:Yildirim
1183:XX Corps
1036:XX Corps
998:XV Corps
884:XV Corps
803:II Corps
725:XV Corps
615:XV Corps
558:at Gaza
536:XX Corps
436:XV Corps
2553:57 Rgt.
2100:Erzurum
1852:Eastern
1826:during
1584:Falls24
1191:Mirliva
1160:Miralay
1108:Erzurum
967:Mirliva
903:(Ferik
807:Miralay
794:Mirliva
742:(Ferik
538:at Huj
410:Mirliva
344:Mission
328:needed.
278:Baghdad
250:Germany
232:in the
186:during
182:of the
162:of the
127:Notable
95:of the
93:Sultans
84:150,000
53:Country
2528:Africa
2506:Others
2095:Smyrna
1861:Armies
1775:
1751:
1727:
1703:
1682:
1661:
1640:
1619:
1571:
1486:
1444:
1434:Stroud
1413:
1388:
1344:
1323:
1299:
1259:
1187:Ankara
1116:Rumeli
927:Oberst
270:Levant
242:Berlin
192:German
172:German
89:Patron
62:
45:Active
2059:Hejaz
2044:Halil
2009:XVIII
1917:Corps
1156:Niğde
1143:Ferik
1139:Konya
1096:Konya
846:Umman
645:Ferik
406:Syria
393:Müşir
355:Sinai
350:Akabe
2105:Kars
2029:XXII
2004:XVII
1984:XIII
1959:VIII
1773:ISBN
1749:ISBN
1725:ISBN
1701:ISBN
1680:ISBN
1659:ISBN
1638:ISBN
1617:ISBN
1569:ISBN
1497:2016
1484:ISBN
1455:2016
1442:ISBN
1411:ISBN
1386:ISBN
1342:ISBN
1321:ISBN
1297:ISBN
1257:ISBN
1066:and
256:and
254:Iran
154:The
81:Size
71:Type
2034:XXV
2024:XXI
2014:XIX
1999:XVI
1989:XIV
1979:XII
1954:VII
1934:III
1908:9th
1903:8th
1898:7th
1893:6th
1888:5th
1883:4th
1878:3rd
1873:2nd
1868:1st
284:at
252:in
166:or
158:or
2575::
2421:61
2416:60
2411:59
2406:58
2401:57
2396:56
2391:55
2386:54
2381:53
2376:52
2371:51
2366:50
2361:49
2356:48
2351:47
2346:46
2341:45
2336:44
2331:43
2326:42
2321:41
2316:40
2311:39
2306:38
2301:37
2296:36
2291:35
2286:34
2281:33
2276:32
2271:31
2266:30
2261:29
2256:28
2251:27
2246:26
2241:25
2236:24
2231:23
2226:22
2221:21
2216:20
2211:19
2206:18
2201:17
2196:16
2191:15
2186:14
2181:13
2176:12
2171:11
2166:10
2019:XX
1994:XV
1974:XI
1964:IX
1949:VI
1939:IV
1929:II
1478::
1474:.
1436::
1432:.
1268:^
1244:^
1222:)
1196:)
1189:,
1165:)
1158:,
1148:)
1137:,
1110:,
1098:,
1062:,
1005:,
982:)
972:)
932:)
917:)
907:)
890:)
872:)
862:)
844:,
838:)
812:)
799:)
786:)
746:)
711:)
701:)
677:,
673:,
661:,
650:)
622:,
598:)
588:)
470:)
462:,
415:)
404:,
398:)
197:.
174::
2161:9
2156:8
2151:7
2146:6
2141:5
2136:4
2131:3
2126:2
2121:1
1969:X
1944:V
1924:I
1816:e
1809:t
1802:v
1499:.
1457:.
1185:(
1154:(
1133:(
805:(
792:(
643:(
408:(
170:(
113:)
109:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
