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continues to expand in its geographical range through its introduction in other urban centres and use in larger political and geographical boundaries. Regional zoning was the next step in increased geographical size of areas under zoning laws. A major difference between urban zoning and regional zoning was that "regional areas consequently seldom bear direct relationship to arbitrary political boundaries". This form of zoning also included rural areas which was counter-intuitive to the theory that zoning was a result of population density. Finally, zoning also expanded again but back to a political boundary again with state zoning.
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primarily composed of homeowners, it is the narrow interests of homeowners to block development because tax rates are lower in rural areas, and taxation is more likely to fall on the median homeowner. Business interests are unable to counteract the homeowners' interests in rural areas because business interests are weaker and business ownership is rarely controlled by people living outside the community. This translates into rural communities that have a tendency to resist development by using density regulations to make business opportunities less attractive. Density zoning regulations in the U.S increase
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the top, followed by commercial and industrial. Residential and commercial buildings are allowed in industrial zones and residential buildings are allowed in commercial zones. More complex hierarchical systems account for multiple levels within categories, such as multiple types of residential buildings in multifamily residential districts. Hierarchical zoning generally fell out of favor in the United States in the mid-twentieth century, with flat zoning becoming more popular, although many municipalities still incorporate some degree of hierarchy in their zoning ordinances.
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531:
planning priorities also may be challenging and often requires extensive ongoing revision to maintain balance between incentive magnitude and value given to developers. Incentive zoning may be most effective in communities with well-established standards and where demand for both land and for specific amenities is high. However, hidden costs may still offset its benefits. Incentive zoning has also been criticized for increasing traffic, reducing natural light, and offering developers larger rewards than those reaped by the public.
1423:(TODs), and scenic corridors. Residential and commercial zones are further subdivided into subclasses defined by density, commercial zones also allow for residential uses, and industrial zones are subdivided by their intensity and the environmental impact of the uses allowed. Regulations on residential, commercial, and industrial zones may differ between municipalities, so one municipality may permit 4-storey buildings on medium-density residential zones, while another may only permit 2-storey buildings.
1893:. Rather than dividing municipal maps into land use zones, English planning law places all development under the control of local and regional governments, effectively abolishing the ability to develop land by-right. However, existing development allows land use by-right as long as the use does not constitute a change in the type of land use. A property owner must apply to change land use type of any existing building, and such changes must be consistent with the local and regional land use plans.
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155:, cultural and socio-economic shifts led to the rapid increase in the enforcement and invention of urban regulations. The shifts were informed by a new scientific rationality, the advent of mass production and complex manufacturing, and the subsequent onset of urbanisation. Industry leaving the home reshaped modern cities. The definition of home was tied to the definition of economy, which caused a much greater mixing of uses within the residential quarters of cities.
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2107:. He claims a strong relationship exists between an area's allowance of building housing at higher density and racial integration between blacks and whites in the United States. The relationship between segregation and density is explained by Rothwell and Massey as the restrictive density zoning producing higher housing prices in white areas and limiting opportunities for people with modest incomes to leave segregated areas. Between 1980 and 2000,
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875:
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options where a property developer can earn points or credits for limiting environmental impacts, including affordable housing units, or providing public amenities. In addition to the menu and points system, there may be additional discretionary criteria included in the review process. Performance zoning may be applied only to a specific type of development, such as housing, and may be combined with a system of use-based districts.
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state known for low zoning regulations, their GDP would increase by 12 percent due to more productive workers and opportunity. Furthermore, critics note that it impedes the ability of those that wish to provide charitable housing from doing so. For example, in 2022, Gloversville's Free
Methodist Church in New York wished to provide 40 beds for the homeless population in -4 degree weather and were inhibited from doing so.
86:), they may combine several compatible activities by use, or in the case of form-based zoning, the differing regulations may govern the density, size and shape of allowed buildings whatever their use. The planning rules for each zone determine whether planning permission for a given development may be granted. Zoning may specify a variety of outright and conditional uses of land. It may indicate the size and dimensions of
128:. The ancient walled city was the predecessor for classifying and regulating land, based on use. Outside the city walls were the undesirable functions, which were usually based on noise and smell. The space between the walls is where unsanitary and dangerous activities occurred such as butchering, waste disposal, and brick-firing. Within the walls were civic and religious places, and where the majority of people lived.
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Performance zoning balances principles of markets and private property rights with environmental protection goals. However, performance zoning can be extremely difficult to implement due to the complexity of preparing an impact study for each project, and can require the supervising authority to exercise a lot of discretion. Performance zoning has not been adopted widely in the US.
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segregation; desegregation is higher in places with more liberal regulations on zoning, allowing the residents to integrate racially. Metropolitan areas that allowed higher density development moved rapidly toward racial integration than their counterparts with strict density limitations. The greater the allowable density, the lower the level of racial segregation.
1226:(called the Town Planning Code), a national law, guides regional and local planning and outlines procedures for obtaining building permits. Unlike England where planners must use their discretion to allow use or building type changes, private development in France is permitted as long as the developer follows the legally-binding regulations.
1186:, otherwise known as town planning, development control or development management, refers to the part of the planning process that is concerned with the regulation and management of changes to land use and development. Planning and zoning have a great political dimension, with governments often criticized for favouring developers; also
1214:). The provinces empowered the municipalities and regions to control the use of land within their boundaries, letting the municipalities establish their own zoning by-laws. There are provisions for control of land use in unorganized areas of the provinces. Provincial tribunals are the ultimate authority for appeals and reviews.
723:), a quasi-judicial process that enables land uses that, because of their special nature, may be suitable only in certain locations, or when arranged or operated in a particular manner. Uses which might be disallowed under current zoning, such as a school or a community center, can be permitted via conditional-use permits.
411:. In contrast to villages and towns, in which many residents know one another, and low-density outer suburbs that attract few visitors, cities and inner city areas have the problem of maintaining order between strangers. This order is maintained when, throughout the day and evening, there are sufficient people present with
688:. These land-based development rights can, in some jurisdictions, be used, unused, sold, or otherwise transferred by the owner of a parcel. These are typically used to transfer development rights from rural areas (sending sites) to urban areas (receiving sites) with more demand and infrastructure to support development.
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change would conflict with the policies and objectives of existing land-use plans. Other factors that may be considered in these cases are the size of the parcel, the zoning categories involved, how adjacent properties are zoned and used, and expected benefits and harms to the landowner, neighbors, and community.
1871:; residential, business, industrial, agricultural, and open space zoning. These five categories are further classified into subcategories. The zoning categories are governed by the Spatial Planning and Land Use Management Act enacted in 2016. To change a land use from one zone to another requires a process of
2372:, Lefcoe, George, "The Regulation of Superstores: The Legality of Zoning Ordinances Emerging from the Skirmishes between Wal-Mart and the United Food and Commercial Workers Union" (April 2005). USC Law, Legal Studies Research Paper No. 05-12; and USC Law and Economics Research Paper No. 05-12. Available at
1391:(DHSUD) and previously by the Housing and Land Use Regulatory Board (HLURB), which lays out national zoning guidelines and regulations, and oversees the preparation and implementation of comprehensive land use plans (CLUPs) and zoning ordinances by city and municipal governments under their mandate in the
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occurred faster in areas that did not have strict density regulations than those that did. Rothwell and Massey suggest homeowners and business interests are the two key players in density regulations that emerge from a political economy. They propose that in older states where rural jurisdictions are
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Single-use zoning is used by many municipalities due to its ease of implementation (one set of explicit, prescriptive rules), long-established legal precedent, and familiarity to planners and design professionals. Single-use zoning has been criticized, however, for its lack of flexibility. Separation
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has been introduced. Permitted development rules are largely form-based, but in the absence of zoning, are applied at the national level. Examples include allowing a two-storey extension up to three metres at the rear of a property, extensions up to 50% of the original width at each side, and certain
1859:(URA) through the Master Plan. The Master Plan is a statutory document divided into two sections: the plans and the Written Statement. The plans show the land use zoning allowed across Singapore, while the Written Statement provides a written explanation of the zones available and their allowed uses.
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Some permitted uses are canning plants, rice or corn mills, animal feed mills medicine and pharmaceutical manufacturers, metal and plastic furniture manufacturers, glass factories garments and textile factories, rice mills, flour mills, cigar and cigarette factories, vehicle manufacturers, shipyards,
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Inclusionary zoning refers to policies to increase the number of housing units within a development that are affordable to low and middle-income households. These policies can be mandatory as part of performance zoning or based on voluntary incentives, such as allowing greater density of development.
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Cluster zoning permits residential uses to be clustered more closely together than normally allowed, thereby leaving substantial land area to be devoted to open space. Cluster zoning has been favored for its preservation of open space and reduction in construction and utility costs via consolidation,
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Performance zoning is flexible, logical, and transparent while offering a form of accountability. These qualities are in contrast with the seemingly arbitrary nature of use-based zoning. Performance zoning can also fairly balance a region's environmental and housing needs across local jurisdictions.
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There are a great variety of zoning types, some of which focus on regulating building form and the relation of buildings to the street with mixed uses, known as form-based, others with separating land uses, known as use-based, or a combination thereof. Use-based zoning systems can comprise single-use
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in metropolitan areas by reducing the availability of affordable housing in some jurisdictions; other zoning regulations like school infrastructure regulations and growth controls are also variables associated with higher segregation. With more permissive zoning regulations there are lower levels of
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Single-use zoning takes two forms, flat and hierarchical, also known as cumulative or pyramidal. Under flat zoning, each district is strictly designated for one use. In a simple hierarchical zoning system, districts are organized with residential (the most sensitive and least disruptive category) at
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The plan does not provide specific guidance on what type of buildings will be allowed in a given location, rather it provides general principles for development and goals for the management of urban change. Because planning committees (made up of directly elected local councillors) or in some cases
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Intended primarily for government or civic centers, police and fire stations, government buildings, higher education institutions (college, universities, vocational, technical or trade schools), learning facilities (libraries, training centres), scientific, cultural and academic centres, convention
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and small watercraft manufacturing, printing presses, most electronics factories, medical equipment manufacturing, wooden furniture manufacturing, garments factories, water pumping station, sewage or wastewater treatment plants, and warehouses for non-polluting and non-hazardous products. Areas can
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Environmental activists argue that putting everyday uses out of walking distance of each other leads to an increase in traffic, since people have to own cars in order to live a normal life where their basic human needs are met, and get in their cars and drive to meet their needs throughout the day.
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Pattern zoning is a zoning technique in which a municipality provides licensed, pre-approved building designs, typically with an expedited permitting process. Pattern zoning is used to reduce barriers to housing development, create more affordable housing, reduce burdens on permit-review staff, and
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Floating zones describe a zoning district's characteristics and codify requirements for its establishment, but its location remains unspecified until conditions exist to implement that type of zoning district. When the criteria for implementation of a floating zone are met, the floating zone ceases
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Form-based zoning codes have five main elements: a regulating plan, public standards, building standards, and precise definitions of technical terms. Form-based codes recognize the interrelated nature of all components of land-use planning—zoning, subdivision, and public works—and integrate them to
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Commonly defined single-use districts include: residential, commercial, and industrial. Each category can have a number of sub-categories, for example, within the commercial category there may be separate districts for small retail, large retail, office use, lodging and others, while industrial may
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Some economists claim that zoning laws work against economic efficiency, reduce responsiveness to consumer demands and hinder development in a free economy, as poor zoning restrictions hinder the more efficient usage of a given area. Even without zoning restrictions, a landfill, for example, would
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Contract zoning is a controversial practice in which there is a bilateral agreement between a property owner and a local government to rezone a property in exchange for a commitment from the developer. It typically involves loosening restrictions on how the property can be used. Contract zoning is
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Incentive zoning allows for a high degree of flexibility, but may be complex to administer. The more a proposed development takes advantage of incentive criteria, the more closely it has to be reviewed on a discretionary basis. The initial creation of the incentive structure in order to best serve
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Area designated for use by functional buildings and structures used for utilities, transportation, and other public services. Permitted uses include bus terminals and train stations, ports, airports, power plants, landfills and waste management facilities, weather and climate management stations,
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standard zoning ordinances, the developer negotiates terms with the local government. At best, a PUD provides flexibility to create convenient ways for residents to access commercial and other amenities. In the US, residents of a PUD have an ongoing role in management of the development through a
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The term planned unit development (PUD) can refer either to the regulatory process or to the development itself. A PUD groups multiple compatible land uses within a single unified development. A PUD can be residential, mixed-use, or a larger master-planned community. Rather than being governed by
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Incentive zoning allows property developers to develop land more intensively, such as with greater density or taller buildings, in exchange for providing some public benefits, such as environmental amenities or affordable housing units. The public benefits most often incentivised by US cities are
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Other critics of zoning argue that zoning laws are a disincentive to provide housing which results in an increase in housing costs and a decrease in productive economic output. For example, A 2017 study showed that if all states deregulated their zoning laws only halfway to the level of Texas, a
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Spot zoning is a controversial practice in which a small part of a larger zoning district is rezoned in a way that is not consistent with the community's broader planning process. While a jurisdiction can rezone even a single parcel of land in some cases, spot zoning is often disallowed when the
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Performance zoning, also known as flexible or impact zoning or effects-based planning, was first advocated by Lane Kendig in 1973. It uses performance-based or goal-oriented criteria to establish review parameters for proposed development projects. Performance zoning may use a menu of compliance
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and height (in absolute terms and in relation with adjacent buildings and roads). These controls are intended to allow adequate light and ventilation between buildings and on roads. Instead of single-use zoning, zones are defined by the "most intense" use permitted. Uses of lesser intensity are
1971:
In August 2020, the UK Government published a consultation document called
Planning for the Future. The proposals hint at a move toward zoning, with areas given a Growth, Renewal or Protected designation, with the possibility of "sub-areas within each category", although the document does not
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Early zoning practices were subtle and often debated. Some claim the practices started in the 1920s while others suggest the birth of zoning occurred in New York in 1916. Both of these examples for the start of zoning, however, were urban cases. Zoning becomes an increasing legal force as it
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Smart zoning is a broad term that consists of several alternatives to use-based zoning that incorporate information and communication technologies. There are a number of different techniques to accomplish smart zoning. Floating zones, cluster zoning, and planned unit developments (PUDs) are
670:. Overlay zoning has the advantage of providing targeted regulation to address a specific issue, such as a natural hazard, without having to significantly rewrite an existing zoning ordinance. However, development of overlay zoning regulation often requires significant technical expertise.
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Researchers, national and state leaders, and professional and community interest groups argue that regulatory barriers contribute to housing shortages, emphasize that the strictness of land use regulation is correlated with high housing prices, and recommend zoning reform to address the
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elaborate on what the details of these might be. From
February to April 2024, they have been running a permitted development consultation with the aim of allowing increased densities, "gentle densification" through the permitted development system, on a national rather than zoned scale.
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Conditional zoning is a legislative process in which site-specific standards and conditions become part of the zoning ordinance at the request of the property owner. The conditions may be more or less restrictive than the standard zoning. Conditional zoning can be considered
197:, envisaged separate concentric rings of public buildings, parks, retail space, residential areas and industrial areas, all surrounded by open space and farmland. All retail activity was to be conducted within a single glass-roofed building, an early concept for the modern
1398:
The present zoning scheme used in the
Philippines is detailed in the HLURB's Model Zoning Ordinance published in 2014, which outlines 26 basic zone types based on primary usage and building regulations (as defined in the National Building Code), and also includes
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The primary purpose of single-use zoning is to geographically separate uses that are thought to be incompatible. In practice, zoning is also used to prevent new development from interfering with existing uses and/or to preserve the character of a community.
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between conflicting land use zones. Allowed uses are parks and related structures, plant nurseries, agriculture, silviculture and horticulture. No permanent structures are permitted, and any buildings can be only up to a height of 6 meters (20 ft).
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have also been criticized as making work–family balance more difficult to achieve, as greater distances need to be covered in order to integrate the different life domains. These issues are especially acute in the United States, with its high level of
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Fraietta, Philip, Contract & Conditional Zoning
Without Romance: A Public Choice Analysis (March 1, 2013). Fordham Law Review, Vol. 81, No. 4, 2013, Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2207482 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2207482
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A hybrid zoning code combines two or more approaches, often use-based and form-based zoning. Hybrid zoning can be used to introduce form and design considerations into an existing community's zoning without completely rewriting the zoning ordinance.
1579:, and commercial accommodation (hotels, pension houses, hotel apartments, except motels), and parking buildings permitted. Subdivided into basic R-3 and maximum R-3, with the former having a height limit of three stories and 10 meters (33 ft).
415:. This can be accomplished in successful urban districts that have a great diversity of uses, creating interest and attracting visitors. Jacobs' writings, along with increasing concerns about urban sprawl, are often credited with inspiring the
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Some permitted uses include meat processing plants (except those for ham, bacon, sausages and chicharon) soft drink factories, sugar mills, paper mills, cement factories, chemical plants, steel plants, textile factories, canned fish factories,
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Intended for medium- to high-rise, high-density, and multi-family dwellings such as high-rise residential condominiums. Buildings can be up to 18 stories and a height of 54 meters (177 ft). All uses in R-1 through R-4 zones permitted.
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possible—even as the conventional use-based code exists—or the conventional code may be completely replaced by a smart performance or form-based code, as the city of Miami did in 2019. The incorporation of ICTs to measure metrics such as
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Mandelker, Daniel R., Zoning for Mixed-Use
Development (July 14, 2023). 58 Real Property, Trust and Estate Law Journal, Spring 2023, Washington University in St. Louis Legal Studies Research Paper No. 23-07-01, Available at SSRN:
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likely gravitate to cheaper land and not a residential area. Single-use zoning laws can get in the way of creative developments like mixed-use buildings and can even stop harmless activities like yard sales. The
Houston example of
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and affordable small-scale commercial properties. In some cases, a municipality purchases design patterns and constructs the properties themselves while in other cases the municipality offers the patterns for private development.
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Fiscal zoning is a controversial practice in which local governments use land use regulation, including zoning, to encourage land uses that generate high tax revenue and exclude uses that place a high demand on public services.
461:
Form-based or intensity zoning regulates not the type of land use, but the form that land use may take. For instance, form-based zoning in a dense area may insist on low setbacks, high density, and pedestrian accessibility.
212:. What was lacking was a regulatory mechanism to allow the city to develop over time, setting guidelines to developers and private citizens over what could be built where. The first modern zoning systems were applied in the
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Land intended for agricultural activities, including land cultivation, tree growing, livestock, poultry, fisheries and aquaculture. Subdivided into protection agriculture (agriculture protection zones as designated by the
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factories, oil depots, terminals and refineries, warehouses for highly polluting and hazardous products, and power plants. Areas can have parks or playgrounds. Buildings can be up to a height of 27 meters (89 ft).
131:
Beyond distinguishing between urban and non-urban land, most ancient cities further classified land types and uses inside their walls. This was practiced in many regions of the world – for example, in China during the
1053:, and most often called Planning Schemes. In reality, however in all cases the state governments have an absolute ability to overrule the local decision-making. There are administrative appeal processes such as
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in 1836 in order to physically separate the city centre from its suburbs. Low density residential areas surround the park, providing a pleasant walk between work in the city within and the family homes outside.
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The mixing of land uses is common throughout the world. Mixed-use zoning has particular relevance in the United States, where it is proposed as a remedy to the problems caused by widespread single-use zoning.
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All water bodies under the jurisdiction of the municipality, as defined in the
Fisheries Code (Republic Act 8550), excluding areas designated as protected areas by the national government. Subdivided into
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Use-based zoning, especially single-use zoning, is by far the most common type of zoning in the US, where it is known as
Euclidean zoning, after Euclid, Ohio's role in a landmark U.S. Supreme Court case,
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Intended for low- to medium-rise, medium- to high-density, multi-family dwellings. Buildings can be up to twelve stories and a height of 36 meters (118 ft) All uses in R-1 and R-2 zones, residential
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and residential development in a single area, mixed-use zones have been created within some zoning systems. These still use the basic regulatory mechanisms of zoning, excluding incompatible uses such as
391:
Mixed-use zoning combines residential, commercial, office, and public uses into a single space. Mixed-use zoning can be vertical, within a single building, or horizontal, involving multiple buildings.
1947:
to minor modifications to individual houses. In order to prevent local authorities from being overwhelmed by high volumes of small-scale applications from individual householders, a separate system of
684:
Transferable development rights, also known as transfer of development credits and transferable development units, are based on the concept that with land ownership comes the right of use of land, or
193:, cited Adelaide as an example of how green open space could be used to prevent cities from expanding beyond their boundaries and coalescing. His design for an ideal city, published in his 1902 book
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controversial and sometimes prohibited because it deviates from the broader planning process and has been considered an illegal bargaining away of the government's police powers to enforce zoning.
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Additional zoning provisions exist that are not their own distinct types of zoning but seek to improve existing varieties through the incorporation of flexible practices and other elements such as
4356:
Kwong, J. W. Y., Lai, L. W. C., Chau, K. W., & Chan, V. N. (2021). A race between urban growth and regulation: An empirical case study on the layout plan. Land Use Policy, 101, Article 105184.
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Area intended for cemeteries or memorial parks, including columbaria, crematoria, and ossuaries. Buildings can be up to a height of 15 meters (49 ft), and site subject to DHUSD regulations.
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hangars, warehouses for polluting and hazardous products, paint stores, and large slaughterhouses. Areas can have parks or playgrounds. Buildings can be up to a height of 21 meters (69 ft).
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In Canada, land-use control is a provincial responsibility deriving from the constitutional authority over property and civil rights. This authority had been granted to the provinces under the
330:
be subdivided into heavy manufacturing, light assembly and warehouse uses. Special districts may also be created for purposes like public facilities, recreational amenities, and green space.
1566:, high schools, technical schools, museums, and libraries permitted. Subdivided into basic R-2 and maximum R-2, with the former having a limit of three stories and 10 meters (33 ft).
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Same permitted uses as
Category 2 residential zone with addition of theatres, restaurants, stores and other entertainment facilities with more than 10,000 m of floor area and warehouses.
239:
The main approaches include use-based, form-based, performance and incentive zoning. There are also several additional zoning provisions used in combination with the main approaches.
1234:
Zoning districts are classified into twelve use zones. Each zone determines a building's shape and permitted uses. A building's shape is controlled by zonal restrictions on allowable
262:
systems can comprise single-use zones, mixed-use zones—where a compatible group of uses are allowed to co-exist —or a combination of both single- and mixed-use zones in one system.
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Rothwell, Jonathan T. and Massey, Douglas S. (2009) "The Effect of Density Zoning on Racial Segregation in U.S. Urban Areas" Urban Affairs Review. Volume 4, Number 6, pp. 779-806
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planning officers themselves (via delegated decisions) have discretion on each application for development or change of use made, the system is considered a 'discretionary' one.
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Knaap, Gerrit-Jan; Meck, Stuart; Moore, Terry; Parker, Robert (2007). "Do we know regulatory barriers when we see them? An exploration using zoning and development indicators".
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An overlay zone is a zoning district that overlaps one or more zoning districts to address a particular concern or feature of that area, such as wetlands, historic buildings or
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Rothwell, Jonathan T. and Massey, Douglas S. (2010) "Density Zoning and Class Segregation in U.S. Metropolitan Areas" Social Science Quarterly. Volume 91, Issue 5, pp.1123-1141
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All uses in R-3, R-4, R-5, C-1 and C-2 zones allowed, with the addition of regional shopping malls. Buildings can be up to 60 stories and a height of 180 meters (590 ft).
1654:, automotive-related services, scrap dealers, hardware stores, construction-related businesses, garden stores, signmakers, welders, furniture makers, commercial condominiums,
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1558:
Intended for low-rise, medium-density, multi-family dwellings. Buildings can be up to five stories and a height of 15 meters (49 ft). All uses in R-1 zones, apartments,
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projects undertaken by the Philippine government or the private sector to house underprivileged citizens and the homeless. Allowed uses defined in Batas Pambansa No. 220.
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centres, hospitals and medical centres, places of worship, seminaries or convents, and embassies/consulates. Buildings can be up to a height of 15 meters (49 ft).
1628:
Intended for low-density, neighborhood-scale businesses. All uses in R-1 zones also permitted. Buildings can be up to 3 stories and a height of 10 meters (33 ft).
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Designated for residential with other permitted buildings including shops, offices and hotel buildings with floor areas up to 3,000 m and auto repair shops up to 50 m
566:, and the flexibility and adaptability that smart zoning can provide, have been cited as advantages of smart zoning over "non-smart" performance or form-based codes.
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443:, while allowing compatible uses such as residential, commercial and retail activities so that people can live, work and socialise within a compact geographic area.
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divides land into "zones", each of which has a set of regulations for new development that differs from other zones. Zones may be defined for a single use (e.g.
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rather than allow heritage buildings across the city to be demolished to make way for them, as is often the case in London or New York. The construction of the
4115:, Fordham Law Review, Vol. 76, 2008 Boston Univ. School of Law Working Paper No. 07-12. Downloaded on January 15, 2012, from: Social Science Research Network
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types of outbuildings in the garden, provided that no more than 50% of the land area is built over. These are appropriately sized for a typical three bedroom
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Designated for medium to high-rise residential buildings with hospitals, university buildings and shop buildings with floor areas up to 500 m also permitted.
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An advantage of composite zoning is the ability to create flexible zoning districts for smoother transitions between adjacent properties with different uses.
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Lai, L. W. (2016). “As planning is everything, it is good for something!” A Coasian economic taxonomy of modes of planning. Planning Theory, 15(3), 255-273.
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in 1973 led to an outcry. As a result, two years after its completion the construction of buildings over seven storeys high in the city centre was banned.
2006:. With this power, special laws and regulations have long been made restricting the places where particular types of business can be carried on. In 1904,
1448:, military reserves and civil reserves, and forested urban buffer zones. Production forest includes forestry lands, special use zones, and grazing lands.
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create quality housing designs within a certain neighborhood or jurisdiction. Pattern zoning may also be used to promote certain building types such as
296:
Single-use zoning is where only one kind of use is allowed per zone, or district. It is also known as exclusionary zoning or, in the United States, as
236:
zones, mixed-use zones - where a compatible group of uses are allowed to co-exist - or a combination of both single and mixed-use zones in one system.
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and water bodies within the municipality's jurisdiction. Local governments may also add overlays identifying special use zones such as areas prone to
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Intended for parks and recreational facilities like playgrounds, resort complexes, sports facilities, memorials/shrines and open spaces serving as
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2083:, residential districts where only single-family homes can be built, has been widely criticized as a cause of sprawl and racial segregation.
466:(FBCs) are designed to directly respond to the physical structure of a community in order to create more walkable and adaptable environments.
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Euclidean zoning is the most prevalent form of zoning in the United States, and thus is most familiar to planners and design professionals.
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The United Kingdom does not use zoning as a technique for controlling land use. British land use control began its modern phase after the
116:(exceptions to the zoning rules), usually because of some perceived hardship caused by the particular nature of the property in question.
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1822:
telecommunications facilities, and large complexes for other public services. Buildings can be up to a height of 15 meters (49 ft).
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Same as Category 1 residential zone, except karaoke boxes are permitted and there are no longer building size restrictions in this zone.
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Natoli, Salvatore J. (1971) "Zoning and the Development of Urban Land Use Patterns" Economic Geography. Volume 47, Number 2, pp. 171-184
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Whitnall, Gordon (1931) "History of Zoning" Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science. Volume 155, Part 2, pp.1-14
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Zoning is the most common regulatory urban planning method used by local governments in developed countries. Exceptions include the
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Same as Category 1 Medium and High-rise oriented Residential zone, except shops and office buildings up to 1,500 m are permitted
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permitted in zones where higher intensity uses are permitted but higher intensity uses are not allowed in lower intensity zones.
322: (1926), which established its constitutionality. It has been the dominant system of zoning in North America, especially the
3533:"The Third Place » Montgomery County Needs 'Cookie Cutter' Urban Design to 'bake' a Better Future | MontgomeryPlanning.org"
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Designated for low-rise residential buildings with above permitted uses as well as shop buildings with floor area up to 150 m.
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with no restriction on particular land use but with other development code shows a combination of private and public planning.
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Intended for high-intensity manufacturing or production activities that are usually highly polluting and extremely hazardous.
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Politics, Planning and Housing Supply in Australia, England and Hong Kong (Routledge Research in Planning and Urban Design)
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Same permitted uses as Commercial zone with addition of factories with some possible danger of environmental degradation.
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Forested areas, subdivided into protection forests and productions forests. Protection forests includes forest reserves,
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5063:"Housing Affordability Crisis and Inequities of Land Use Change: Insights From Cities in the Southern California Region"
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The French planning system is mostly form-based; zones in French cities generally allow many types of uses. The city of
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1591:. Buildings can be up to three stories and a height of 10 meters (33 ft) All uses in R-1 and R-2 zones permitted.
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into, or the form and scale of buildings. These guidelines are set in order to guide urban growth and development.
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ZONING 101, originally published in 1993 by the National League of Cities, now available in a Third Edition, 2012.
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Intended for medium- to high-density business activity complementing or supplementing the city or municipality's
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New Zealand's planning system is grounded in effects-based Performance Zoning under the Resource Management Act.
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the form (also known as architectural) component sets standards for building design, such as height and facades;
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5169:– A searchable database of zoning maps and zoning codes for every county and municipality in the United States.
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halls, and local health centers. Buildings can be up to three stories and a height of 10 meters (33 ft).
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Composite zoning is a particular type of hybrid zoning that combines use, form, and site design components:
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the site design component specifies how buildings are situated on the site, such as setbacks and open space.
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the use component establishes how land can be used within a district, as in use-based or functional zoning;
3558:"MRSC - What's Not to Like? – Pre-Approved Plans Offer Faster Permitting, Cheaper Housing, Quality Design"
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Same permitted uses as Quasi-residential zone with addition of auto-repair shops with areas up to 300 m.
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1932:, which will be granted or refused with reference to the development plan as a material consideration.
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527:"mixed-use development, open space conservation, walkability, affordable housing, and public parks."
288:. The boundaries between low density residential, commercial and industrial zones are clearly visible.
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Permitted uses within these buildings include small shops, offices and elementary and high schools.
1049:, hence each State or Territory has different zoning rules. Land use zones are generally defined at
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1210:, or land and the improvements constructed thereon that become part of the land itself (in Québec,
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Blöchliger, Hansjörg; Hilber, Christian; Schöni, Olivier; Ehrlich, Maximilian von (7 March 2017).
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1838:, heritage/historical sites, tourist accommodation, souvenir shops, and outdoor sports grounds.
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Residences and shopping can be constructed but schools, hospitals and hotels are impermissible
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Lands intended for mining. Subdivided into mineral reservations, small-scale mining zones and
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Tarnishing the Golden and Empire States: Land-Use Restrictions and the U.S. Economic Slowdown
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has used its zoning system to concentrate high-density office buildings in the district of
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The application of single-use zoning has led to the distinctive form of many cities in the
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Intended for low-rise, low-density, single-family housing, such as single-detached homes,
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define districts based on the community's desired character and intensity of development.
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Development control or planning control is the element of the United Kingdom's system of
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Intended for medium-intensity manufacturing or production activities that are polluting.
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The master plan, with a discussion of the theory of community land planning legislation.
4989:"The Elephant in the Zoning Code: Single Family Zoning in the Housing Supply Discussion"
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Same permitted uses as Neighbourhood commercial zone with addition of public bathhouses
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Designated primarily residential with introduction of vehicle-related road facilities.
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wrote extensively on the connections between the separation of uses and the failure of
366:
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Fulton, B. (2020, January 12). Houston doesn’t have zoning, but there are workarounds.
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have parks or playgrounds. Buildings can be up to a height of 15 meters (49 ft).
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5508:
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5386:
5175:– Links to zoning maps and planning commissions of 50 most populous cities in the US.
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4291:"Corruption in land-use issues: A crucial challenge for planning theory and practice"
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The TDR Handbook: Designing and Implementing Transfer of Development Rights Programs
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All uses in R-1, R-2, and C-1 zones allowed, with the addition of wholesale stores,
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Conditional zoning should not be confused with conditional-use permits (also called
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4270:"Zoning Officials Stop Church From Opening 40-Bed Shelter in Sub-Zero Temperatures"
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4178:
3810:
Analysis of Zoning Code Best Practices: City of Salisbury, MD – Zoning Code Rewrite
3304:
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1498:, lakes, aquaculture zones, commercial fishing zones, municipal fishing zones, and
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Intended for light manufacturing or production activities that are non-polluting.
857:. Empirical effectiveness estimates show some zoning approaches can contribute to
584:
although existing residents may often disapprove due to a reduction in lot sizes.
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that do not occur elsewhere. Jonathan Rothwell has argued that zoning encourages
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1957:
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Intended primarily for social welfare institutions (orphanages, Boys/Girls Town,
1651:
1128:
1089:
732:
463:
456:
198:
167:
125:
55:
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2010:
established the nation's first land-use restrictions for a portion of the city.
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However, these planned or ideal cities were static designs embodied in a single
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63:
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Zoned in the USA: The Origins and Implications of American Land-Use Regulation
4591:
Zoned in the USA: The Origins and Implications of American Land-Use Regulation
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3250:
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Zoned in the USA: The Origins and Implications of American Land-Use Regulation
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6424:
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5597:
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5411:
5189:
Schindler's Land Use Page (Michigan State University Extension Land Use Team)
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2011:
2003:
1953:
828:
400:
334:
221:
179:
83:
38:
4988:
2761:(4th ed.). Chapel Hill, NC, USA: UNC School of Government. p. 34.
2731:
Village of Euclid v. Ambler Realty Co., 272 U.S. 365 (SC November 22, 1926).
492:
477:
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Local taxation, land use regulation, and land use: A survey of the evidence
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1956:
property, but must be applied across a wide variety of housing types, from
1761:
1670:. Buildings can be up to 6 stories and a height of 18 meters (59 ft).
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552:
416:
303:
141:
137:
133:
71:
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1855:
The framework for governing land uses in Singapore is administered by the
30:
This article is about the land-use planning practice. For other uses, see
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5538:
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4290:
2942:"Londoners back limit on skyscrapers as fears for capital's skyline grow"
2868:
2419:
Baurecht und Bauordnung. Architektur, Staatsmedizin und Umwelt bei Vitruv
2250:
2096:
2007:
1965:
1831:
1785:
1769:
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713:
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563:
440:
423:
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To accommodate the New Urbanist vision of walkable communities combining
408:
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217:
4940:"The Effect of Density Zoning on Racial Segregation in U.S. Urban Areas"
4891:"The Effect of Density Zoning on Racial Segregation in U.S. Urban Areas"
4322:
4314:
4306:
3139:
3115:
3014:"Fall Speaker Series: Using the New Performance Zoning with Lane Kendig"
2905:
2556:
Order before zoning : land use regulation in Los Angeles, 1880-1915
6720:
6651:
6176:
6171:
6136:
5817:
5690:
5109:
Town Planning for Australia (Studies in International Planning History)
4586:
2662:
2458:
1835:
1768:, military installations, prisons and other correctional institutions,
1737:
1693:
1416:
1115:
1045:
The legal framework for land use zoning in Australia is established by
899: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
850:
785: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
556:
427:
354:
75:
4695:
4113:
Women's Place: Urban Planning, Housing Design, and Work-Family Balance
3114:
Yannacone, Victor John; Rahenkamp, John; Cerchione, Angelo J. (1976).
2124:) are associated with reduced affordability and are a major factor in
853:
is a challenge for zoning. Some have argued that zoning laws increase
140:(1500 – 500 BC), and in the military camps that spread throughout the
46:
6725:
6181:
6141:
6044:
5184:
Michigan State University Extension Planning & Zoning information
4245:
3754:"South Bend's Infill Plans Include Pre-Approved Multi-Family Designs"
3155:
Arbitrary lines: how zoning broke the American city and how to fix it
1928:
are formed and the public consulted. Subsequent development requires
1809:
1697:
1662:
1588:
1563:
1483:
342:
3846:
2720:
2592:"Zoning Incentives: Exploring a Market-Based Land Use Planning Tool"
874:
760:
58:. Different urban zoning areas are represented by different colours.
6247:
6126:
5797:
5741:
5543:
5469:
5252:
5194:
Zoning Compliance and Zoning Certification - Analysis and Reporting
4421:
CLUP Guidebook – A Guide to Comprehensive Land Use Plan Preparation
4254:
4244:
Herkenhoff, Kyle; Ohanian, Lee; Prescott, Edward (September 2017).
4182:
4120:
3059:
2965:
2377:
2153:
1944:
1905:
1789:
1679:
High-density commercial area forming a city or municipality's CBD.
1643:
1547:
1499:
1487:
1387:
Zoning and land use planning in the Philippines is governed by the
1187:
1141:
575:"to float" and its location is established by a zoning amendment.
163:
87:
27:
Government policy allowing certain uses of land in different places
4549:"Spluma, Zoning and Effective Land Use Management in South Africa"
4020:"A Conditional What? Clarifying Some Confusing Zoning Terminology"
2988:
1362:
Designated for factories. All non-factory uses are impermissible.
6186:
6166:
5198:
2265:
2030:
1940:
1808:
Yard, parks or open spaces intended to serve as a buffer zone or
1731:
1495:
1469:
Intended for integrated farms and processing of harvested crops.
102:
4755:
3452:"Planned Unit Developments: What Real Estate Agents Should Know"
2633:"Zoning Arrived 100 Years Ago. It Changed New York City Forever"
2099:
than other developed countries, and additional problems such as
6201:
6191:
5930:
4633:"Changes to various permitted development rights: consultation"
4195:
2693:"Types of Land Use Zoning | The Geography of Transport Systems"
1986:
1656:
1511:
431:
374:
362:
358:
338:
285:
51:
5210:
4231:"How zoning can restrict, or even prevent, affordable housing"
1318:
Designated for neighbourhood-based daily shopping activities.
6292:
5558:
4593:. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press. pp. 63–71.
4468:
4096:
3823:"Inclusionary Zoning and Mixed-Income Communities | HUD USER"
3097:"Performance Zoning: Shaping Land Development Patterns Today"
2275:
2210:
2120:
Zoning laws that limit the construction of new housing (like
2021:
The constitutionality of zoning ordinances was upheld by the
1792:. Buildings can be up to a height of 15 meters (49 ft).
1776:. Buildings can be up to a height of 15 meters (49 ft).
1667:
488:
473:
106:
4758:
The architecture student's handbook of professional practice
6666:
5523:
5166:
3113:
2240:
1912:(LPAs) in the United Kingdom. Generally they are the local
1830:
Areas dedicated for tourism activity. Allowed uses include
162:
designed before the advent of zoning. A notable example is
6333:
National Railroad Construction and Maintenance Association
5179:
New York City Department of City Planning – Zoning History
4427:. Vol. 3. Housing and Land Use Regulatory Board. 2014
3338:
1924:. They each use a discretionary "plan-led system" whereby
1280:
Category 2 Medium and High-rise oriented Residential zone
1272:
Category 1 Medium and High-rise oriented Residential Zone
1120:
Sustainable Planning Act 2009 repealed. Planning Act 2016
4449:. Housing and Land Use Regulatory Board. 26 November 2007
4243:
3506:
Progress, Cydney Baron/Special to the (3 November 2020).
2902:
Planners Web: News & Information for Citizen Planners
2061:
3924:
Nelson, Arthur C.; Pruetz, Rick; Woodruff, Doug (2011).
3849:
Model Transit-Oriented District Overlay Zoning Ordinance
3116:"Impact Zoning: Alternative to Exclusion in the Suburbs"
2405:"Houston Doesn't have zoning, but there are workarounds"
1939:
Planning applications can differ greatly in scale, from
1340:
Designated for light industrial and service facilities.
6264:
Chartered Institute of Plumbing and Heating Engineering
4483:"Ultimate guide to rezoning a property in South Africa"
4388:
Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism
4134:"The Absurd Primacy of the Automobile in American Life"
3295:
Arif, Hassan; Cole, Roland J.; Cole, Isabel A. (2015),
3249:
Arif, Hassan; Cole, Roland J.; Cole, Isabel A. (2015),
2743:
American Society of Planning Officials. January, 1952.
2391:
2086:
4368:
Australian Urban Planning: New Challenges, New Agendas
4167:"The Choice of the Institutional Framework: A Comment"
2828:"Mixed Use by Default: How the Europeans (Don't) Zone"
2075:, loss of open space, heavy infrastructure costs, and
1538:. Also permitted are home occupations and businesses,
124:
The origins of zoning districts can be traced back to
50:
The Zoning Scheme of the General Spatial Plan for the
4700:
Planetizen - Urban Planning News, Jobs, and Education
3847:
Community Design + Architecture, Inc (29 June 2001).
1389:
Department of Human Settlements and Urban Development
1329:
Designated for banks, cinemas and department stores.
6258:
Chartered Institution of Civil Engineering Surveyors
5025:
4938:
Rothwell, Jonathan; Massey, Douglas S. (July 2009).
4889:
Rothwell, Jonathan; Massey, Douglas S. (July 2009).
3923:
2533:. S Sonnenschein & Co, reprinted by Dodo Press.
2049:
2002:
rights, state governments may exercise over private
4381:"Introduction to Land use Planning System in Japan"
3704:"Urban infill project targets Kokomo neighborhoods"
3482:"'Pattern zone' enables quality infill development"
3303:, London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, pp. 173–199,
3257:, London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, pp. 173–199,
2425:, Technische Hochschule Darmstadt 1984, S. 259–277.
2029:Among large populated cities in the United States,
5199:Land Policy Institute at Michigan State University
3702:Tribune, George Myers Kokomo (18 September 2018).
3420:"FAQs • What is a Planned Unit Development (PUD)?"
2873:Form-Based Codes Institute at Smart Growth America
2498:
673:
112:Most zoning systems have a procedure for granting
3101:Elisabeth Haub School of Law Faculty Publications
2759:Introduction to Zoning and Development Regulation
2590:Homsy, George C.; Kang, Ki Eun (2 January 2023).
2421:, in: Heiner Knell, Burkhardt Wesenberg (Hrsg.),
2407:. Rice Kinder Institute for Urban Research. 2020.
2091:The United States suffers from greater levels of
1264:Category 2 Exclusively Low-Rise Residential Zone
1253:Category 1 Exclusively Low-Rise Residential Zone
587:
6799:
4746:272 U.S. 365, 71 L.Ed. 303, 47 S.Ct. 114 (1926).
4248:(Report). National Bureau of Economic Research.
3297:"Experiments with Smart Zoning for Smart Cities"
3251:"Experiments with Smart Zoning for Smart Cities"
3157:. Washington Covelo : Island Press. p. 47.
3051:Urban Stormwater Management in the United States
2307:Urban Stormwater Management in the United States
2037:. Rather, land use is regulated by other means.
823:combined with insufficient or poorly maintained
6242:Association of Plumbing and Heating Contractors
4288:
3392:"Residents object to cluster development plans"
2928:"How Paris is betting on mixed-use development"
2896:Madden, Mary; Russell, Joel (5 December 2014).
2745:The Special District — A New Zoning Development
1256:Designated for low-rise residential buildings.
1094:Environmental Planning and Assessment Act 1979
403:projects in New York City. She advocated dense
6281:Construction Management Association of America
4937:
4888:
4858:"What to do about the expanding urban prairie"
4585:
4289:Chiodelli, Francesco; Moroni, Stefano (2015).
2747:, Information Report No. 34. Chicago, IL, USA.
750:
476:, looking toward the high density district of
170:, whose city centre, along with the suburb of
6315:National Association of Women in Construction
5946:
5873:List of housing markets by real estate prices
5226:
5207:, Journal of Land Use & Environmental Law
4840:"America's Cities: An 'Urban Crisis' Ignored"
3928:. Washington, D.C.: Island Press. p. 3.
2895:
2782:
2780:
2778:
2524:
2522:
1620:Intended for businesses, trade and services.
984:The examples and perspective in this section
158:Separation between uses is a feature of many
6230:Asbestos Testing and Consultancy Association
5067:Journal of the American Planning Association
4875:
4873:
4871:
4869:
4867:
4733:
4731:
4729:
4727:
4706:
3635:"Metrotrends Demographic Review and Outlook"
3294:
3248:
2597:Journal of the American Planning Association
2453:
2451:
2126:residential segregation in the United States
2027:Village of Euclid, Ohio v. Ambler Realty Co.
309:Village of Euclid, Ohio v. Ambler Realty Co.
242:
174:, is surrounded on all sides by a park, the
3479:
2789:The Death and Life of Great American Cities
2449:
2447:
2445:
2443:
2441:
2439:
2437:
2435:
2433:
2431:
357:, is surrounded by low density residential
5953:
5939:
5913:
5233:
5219:
4510:"A better zoning system for South Africa?"
4196:Zoning is Theft - Jim Fedako - Mises Daily
4148:"Why Did America Give Up on Mass Transit?"
3909:Transfer of Development Rights: Fact Sheet
2775:
2663:"Zoning - GIS Wiki | The GIS Encyclopedia"
2519:
1869:five (5) zoning categories in South Africa
1006:, or create a new section, as appropriate.
541:information and communication technologies
6270:Civil Engineering Contractors Association
6236:Associated General Contractors of America
5147:(Cornell University Press, 2014) 245 pp.
5122:Gurran, N., Gallent, N. and Chiu, R.L.H.
5060:
4986:
4963:
4914:
4864:
4756:American Institute of Architects (2017).
4724:
4414:
4412:
4253:
3729:"Residential Plans Library | Roanoke, VA"
2958:
2589:
1885:Development control in the United Kingdom
1146:Land Use Planning and Approvals Act 1993
1022:Learn how and when to remove this message
959:Learn how and when to remove this message
801:Learn how and when to remove this message
6687:List of tallest buildings and structures
6351:Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors
5133:New York: Russell Sage foundation, 1938.
4812:
4475:
3780:
3508:"City forges ahead with zoning overhaul"
3505:
2428:
1985:
716:and can be challenged on those grounds.
534:
468:
275:
45:
6327:National Kitchen & Bath Association
5140:New York: Russell Sage Foundation, 1940
4785:"Zoning 101 Frequently Asked Questions"
4665:"Ordinance #9774 Residential Districts"
4370:, Allen & Unwin, St Leonards, 2000.
4337:"How Zoning Laws Exacerbate Inequality"
4050:. Institute for Local Government. 2015.
3907:American Farmland Trust. April, 2008. "
3884:"Overlay Zoning | Planning For Hazards"
3701:
2624:
2553:
1818:Utilities, transportation and services
1202:of 1867 and was carried forward in the
14:
6800:
4409:
4373:
4073:
4069:
4067:
4042:
4040:
4024:Coates’ Canons NC Local Government Law
4013:
4011:
4009:
4007:
3977:
3973:
3971:
3955:Coates’ Canons NC Local Government Law
3919:
3917:
3878:
3876:
3805:
3803:
3776:
3774:
3607:
3446:
3444:
3442:
3440:
3414:
3412:
3361:
3359:
3290:
3288:
3217:"The Bulk-for-Benefits Deal in Zoning"
3210:
3208:
3076:from the original on 11 September 2014
2986:
2891:
2889:
2863:
2861:
2786:
2739:
2737:
2714:
2712:
2710:
2687:
2685:
2683:
2630:
2528:
2493:
2324:. Toronto: Thomson. pp. 388–390.
2062:Single-use zoning in the United States
2057:Village of Euclid v. Ambler Realty Co.
646:
6339:National Tile Contractors Association
6309:National Association of Home Builders
6287:Construction Specifications Institute
5934:
5214:
4198:. Mises.org. Retrieved on 2013-07-19.
4164:
4017:
3948:
3584:"Save the Suburbs with Pattern Zones"
3581:
3475:
3473:
3214:
3182:
3180:
3178:
3176:
3174:
3094:
3044:
3042:
3040:
3038:
3036:
3034:
2987:Commission, Chester County Planning.
2898:"An Introduction to Form-Based Codes"
2756:
2585:
2583:
2581:
2579:
2577:
2575:
2573:
2344:
2319:
2309:. National Academy of Sciences. 2009.
1891:Town and Country Planning Act of 1947
1696:production, biscuit factories, boat,
706:
502:
136:(1046 – 256 BC), in India during the
6321:National Fire Protection Association
5900:
4579:
4048:"Zoning and Conditional Use Permits"
3610:""Good Design" Is Making Bad Cities"
3301:Smart Cities as Democratic Ecologies
3255:Smart Cities as Democratic Ecologies
3152:
2989:"Chester County Planning Commission"
2825:
2643:from the original on 1 December 2017
2457:
2394:. Bmvbs.de. Retrieved on 2013-07-19.
2087:Social problems in the United States
970:
897:adding citations to reliable sources
868:
783:adding citations to reliable sources
754:
450:
265:
6363:Society of Construction Arbitrators
6224:American Society of Civil Engineers
4815:"Singling Out Single-Family Zoning"
4546:
4507:
4064:
4037:
4004:
3968:
3914:
3873:
3800:
3771:
3480:Steuteville, Robert (12 May 2020).
3437:
3409:
3384:
3356:
3285:
3205:
2886:
2858:
2757:Owens, David W. (15 January 2014).
2734:
2707:
2680:
1222:In France, the Code of Urbanism or
521:
380:
247:
24:
6218:American Institute of Constructors
5858:Undergraduate real estate programs
5101:
3470:
3331:
3242:
3171:
3031:
2961:"Does Paris need new skyscrapers?"
2570:
2547:
2231:Principles of Intelligent Urbanism
1608:Intended for areas designated for
1522:Intended principally for housing.
1174:Planning and Development Act 2005
726:
369:. Some metropolitan areas such as
326:, since its first implementation.
220:zoning ordinances of 1904 and the
25:
6824:
6682:Lists of buildings and structures
5656:Investment rating for real estate
5203:By Bradley C. Karkkainen (1994).
5160:
5153:Stephani, Carl J. and Marilyn C.
4607:. United Kingdom Planning Portal.
4018:Owens, David (13 November 2012).
3978:Widner, Robert C. (Spring 2001).
3783:"The Five Steps to a Hybrid Code"
3215:Lueck, Thomas J. (23 July 1989).
2721:https://ssrn.com/abstract=4510458
2631:Dunlop, David W. (25 July 2016).
2313:
2050:Types in use in the United States
1878:
1650:, broadcasting and film studios,
1160:Planning and Environment Act 1987
661:
606:
578:
569:
509:Performance-based building design
6784:
6783:
6775:
5960:
5912:
5899:
5887:
5886:
5054:
5019:
4980:
4931:
4882:
4850:
4832:
4806:
4777:
4749:
4740:
4682:"Houston Chronicle, 12-10, 2007"
4526:10.1016/j.landusepol.2016.04.007
4171:The Journal of Law and Economics
3678:"Milwaukee's New Home Catalogue"
2959:Laurenson, John (18 June 2013).
1975:
1908:and new building. There are 421
1097:Local Environmental Plans (LEP)
975:
873:
759:
741:
620:
395:Planning and community activist
6776:
5240:
4760:. Hoboken: Wiley. p. 509.
4715:
4688:
4674:
4657:
4639:
4625:
4611:
4597:
4540:
4508:Nel, Verna (1 September 2016).
4501:
4461:
4439:
4360:
4349:
4329:
4282:
4262:
4237:
4223:
4212:
4201:
4189:
4158:
4140:
4126:
4105:
4090:
4054:
3942:
3901:
3840:
3815:
3746:
3721:
3695:
3670:
3645:
3627:
3608:Grabar, Henry (12 April 2021).
3601:
3582:Petty, Matthew (30 July 2018).
3575:
3550:
3525:
3499:
3339:"Miami21: Your City, Your Plan"
3146:
3107:
3095:Nolon, John (16 October 2002).
3088:
3006:
2980:
2952:
2934:
2930:. JLL website. 24 January 2019.
2920:
2819:
2805:
2750:
2725:
2655:
2505:. University of Chicago Press.
1990:Zoning scheme of the center of
1862:
884:needs additional citations for
770:needs additional citations for
680:Transferable development rights
674:Transferable development rights
546:
6750:Sustainability in construction
6581:Modern methods of construction
5813:Graduate real estate education
5258:Tertiary sector of the economy
5205:Zoning: A Reply To The Critics
5061:Garde, Ajay; Song, Qi (2022).
4605:"Permitted Development Rights"
4547:Nel, Verna (22 October 2015).
4469:"URA Master Plan 2008 website"
4390:. January 2003. Archived from
3987:Planning Commissioners Journal
3188:"Property Topics and Concepts"
2832:Journal of Planning Literature
2487:
2411:
2397:
2382:
2363:
2338:
2299:
2144:Agricultural protection zoning
2033:is unique in having no zoning
1382:
1368:
1315:Neighbourhood commercial zone
1206:. The zoning power relates to
691:
588:Planned unit development (PUD)
13:
1:
6518:Building services engineering
5079:10.1080/01944363.2021.1911673
5040:10.1080/10511482.2007.9521619
5005:10.1080/10511482.2018.1506392
3949:Owens, David (9 March 2011).
3781:Strungys, Arista (May 2008).
3371:American Planning Association
3192:American Planning Association
2610:10.1080/01944363.2022.2050935
2322:Planning Canadian Communities
2292:
1857:Urban Redevelopment Authority
1461:) and production agriculture
1421:transit-oriented developments
1393:Local Government Code of 1991
1296:Category 2 residential zone:
864:
284:, Australia, looking towards
6634:Construction equipment theft
6357:Scottish Building Federation
6253:Construction History Society
5767:Real estate investment trust
5372:Extraterrestrial real estate
2826:Hirt, Sonia (12 July 2012).
2465:. Cornell University Press.
2018:to apply city-wide in 1916.
1844:
1480:fishery refuge and sanctuary
1375:Resource Management Act 1991
1288:Category 1 residential zone
1034:
668:transit-oriented development
7:
6065:Chartered Building Surveyor
6029:Water supply and sanitation
5772:Real property administrator
5762:Real estate investment club
4651:Urban Planning: Los Angeles
3653:"Pattern Zoning in Midtown"
2286:Zoning in the United States
2174:Greenspace (disambiguation)
2131:
1982:Zoning in the United States
1851:Urban planning in Singapore
1041:Urban planning in Australia
1002:, discuss the issue on the
751:Effectiveness and Criticism
302:because of a court case in
178:. The park was designed by
10:
6829:
6612:List of building materials
5429:Private equity real estate
4111:Katharine Baird Silbaugh:
2869:"Form-Based Codes Defined"
2554:Kolnick, Kathy A. (2008).
2531:Garden Cities of To-morrow
2349:. Routledge. p. 784.
2071:of uses can contribute to
1979:
1910:Local Planning Authorities
1882:
1848:
1372:
1351:Designated for factories.
1200:British North America Acts
1038:
988:the English-speaking world
730:
695:
677:
650:
591:
550:
506:
454:
384:
269:
251:
195:Garden Cities of To-morrow
119:
36:
29:
6773:
6599:
6563:
6550:Environmental engineering
6513:Architectural engineering
6505:
6448:
6417:
6371:
6210:
6113:
6037:
6001:
5968:
5881:
5785:
5704:
5611:
5483:
5447:
5377:International real estate
5347:
5266:
5248:
4987:Monkkonen, Paavo (2019).
4792:Ohio Department of Health
4619:"Planning for the Future"
4565:10.1007/s12132-015-9265-5
4074:Trager, David G. (1963).
2529:Howard, Ebenezer (1902).
2196:Locally unwanted land use
1898:town and country planning
1638:central business district
1459:Department of Agriculture
1395:(Republic Act No. 7160).
1217:
1193:
377:have several such cores.
361:, characterised by large
243:Main Approaches to Zoning
6555:Geotechnical engineering
6533:Construction engineering
6298:Home Builders Federation
6024:Timeline of architecture
5986:Underground construction
4956:10.1177/1078087409334163
4907:10.1177/1078087409334163
4447:"4.15. Zoning Ordinance"
4295:The Town Planning Review
3854:(Report). Archived from
3512:Claremore Daily Progress
3309:10.1057/9781137377203_12
3263:10.1057/9781137377203_12
2844:10.1177/0885412212451029
2815:. Sustainable City Code.
2423:Vitruv – Kolloquium 1982
2347:Encyclopedia of the City
2040:
2016:first zoning regulations
1229:
1057:to challenge decisions.
594:Planned unit development
349:, in which a very dense
230:
37:Not to be confused with
6740:Real estate development
6642:Construction management
6497:Vernacular architecture
6482:Indigenous architecture
6470:Industrial architecture
6345:Railway Tie Association
5571:Real estate transaction
5460:Real estate development
4860:. Buffalo Rising. 2010.
4813:Infranca, John (2023).
4696:"Zoning Without Zoning"
4487:Glensburg Town Planners
4366:Gleeson B. and Low N.,
4233:. PBS. 1 February 2021.
3993:(2): 15. Archived from
3812:. September, 2020. p. 5
3153:Gray, M. Nolan (2022).
2114:residential segregation
1797:Cemetery/memorial park
1646:, malls, supermarkets,
1415:(IPs), heritage zones,
1359:Exclusively industrial
1304:Quasi-residential zone
990:and do not represent a
601:homeowner's association
70:is a method in which a
32:Zoning (disambiguation)
6586:Monocrete construction
6545:Earthquake engineering
6538:Structural engineering
6492:Landscape architecture
6019:Structural engineering
5671:Real estate derivative
5631:Effective gross income
5397:Healthcare real estate
4822:Georgetown Law Journal
4635:. UK Government. 2024.
4621:. HM Government. 2020.
4101:(Report). Paris: OECD.
3980:"Avoiding Spot Zoning"
3888:planningforhazards.com
3537:montgomeryplanning.org
3367:"Cluster Subdivisions"
2993:www.chescoplanning.org
2320:Hodge, Gerald (2014).
1995:
1766:rehabilitation centres
1757:Special institutional
1748:General institutional
1692:Some allowed uses are
1204:Constitution Act, 1982
1051:local government level
1047:States and Territories
814:Single-use zoning and
614:missing middle housing
480:
405:mixed-use developments
371:Minneapolis–Saint Paul
289:
225:1916 Zoning Resolution
59:
6576:Earthbag construction
6487:Interior architecture
5981:Offshore construction
5828:Industry trade groups
5732:Exclusive buyer agent
5686:Real estate valuation
5676:Real estate economics
5636:Gross rent multiplier
5465:Real estate investing
5367:Corporate Real Estate
5028:Housing Policy Debate
4993:Housing Policy Debate
4647:"History of Planning"
4165:Coase, R. H. (1974).
4136:. The Atlantic. 2016.
3951:"Is This Spot Legal?"
2787:Jacobs, Jane (1961).
2345:Caves, R. W. (2004).
2201:Mixed use development
2077:automobile dependency
1989:
1949:permitted development
1781:Parks and recreation
1774:mental health asylums
1133:Development Act 1993
535:Additional Provisions
472:
387:Mixed-use development
279:
180:Colonel William Light
153:Industrial Revolution
49:
6624:Construction bidding
6304:Lighting Association
6276:The Concrete Society
6152:Construction foreman
5646:Highest and best use
5612:Economics, financing
5576:Real estate contract
5470:Real estate flipping
5439:Residential property
5382:Lease administration
5334:United Arab Emirates
5173:Crenex – Zoning Maps
4944:Urban Affairs Review
4895:Urban Affairs Review
4397:on 13 September 2014
3911:." Washington, D.C.
3657:City of Bryan, Texas
3054:. 17 February 2009.
2417:Cornelius Steckner:
2128:by income and race.
2122:single-family zoning
2081:single-family zoning
1992:Tallahassee, Florida
1596:Residential-5 (R-5)
1584:Residential-4 (R-4)
1571:Residential-3 (R-3)
1555:Residential-2 (R-2)
1527:Residential-1 (R-1)
1519:General residential
1069:Land use regulation
1000:improve this section
986:deal primarily with
893:improve this article
779:improve this article
272:Single-family zoning
191:garden city movement
149:Age of Enlightenment
6755:Unfinished building
6528:Coastal engineering
6157:Construction worker
6100:Structural engineer
5991:Tunnel construction
5626:Capitalization rate
5621:Asset-based lending
5455:Property management
5360:Commercial building
5355:Commercial property
5111:, Routledge, 2018,
4844:The Huffington Post
4489:. 12 September 2022
4345:. 23 November 2015.
4307:10.3828/tpr.2015.27
4080:Maryland Law Review
3588:Build a Better Burb
2501:The Human Condition
2271:Variance (land use)
2236:Reverse sensitivity
2221:Planning permission
2191:Inclusionary zoning
2164:Fenceline community
2159:Exclusionary zoning
1962:detached properties
1930:planning permission
1723:Industrial-3 (I-3)
1711:Industrial-2 (I-2)
1687:Industrial-1 (I-1)
1676:Commercial-3 (C-3)
1633:Commercial-2 (C-2)
1625:Commercial-1 (C-1)
1617:General commercial
1605:Socialised housing
1224:Code de l’urbanisme
1190:is very prevalent.
1080:Territory Plan 2008
1066:Planning framework
855:economic inequality
721:special-use permits
653:Inclusionary zoning
647:Inclusionary zoning
353:, often containing
187:Sir Ebenezer Howard
176:Adelaide Park Lands
6647:Construction waste
6629:Construction delay
6060:Building officials
6055:Building estimator
5853:Real estate trends
5757:Real estate broker
5727:Chartered Surveyor
5681:Real estate bubble
5661:Mortgage insurance
5494:Adverse possession
5417:Luxury real estate
5392:Garden real estate
5126:, Routledge, 2016.
4278:. 14 January 2022.
4154:. Bloomberg. 2018.
3758:www.planetizen.com
3682:city.milwaukee.gov
3424:www.greenbaywi.gov
3221:The New York Times
2813:"Mixed-Use Zoning"
2392:BMVBS - Startseite
2261:Subdivision (land)
2256:Statutory planning
2216:Non-conforming use
2179:Open space reserve
2109:racial integration
2105:racial segregation
2023:U.S. Supreme Court
1996:
1762:homes for the aged
1610:socialised housing
1544:cottage industries
1413:indigenous peoples
1184:Statutory planning
1063:State / Territory
707:Conditional zoning
503:Performance zoning
497:Montparnasse Tower
481:
413:eyes on the street
290:
203:the Crystal Palace
144:(31 BC – 476 AD).
60:
6795:
6794:
6638:Construction loan
6607:Building material
6523:Civil engineering
6147:Concrete finisher
6090:Quantity surveyor
6050:Building engineer
5976:Home construction
5928:
5927:
5566:Property abstract
5549:Land registration
5509:Concurrent estate
5434:Real estate owned
5424:Off-plan property
5402:Vacation property
5387:Niche real estate
4076:"Contract Zoning"
3733:www.roanokeva.gov
3458:. 17 January 2024
3396:www.candgnews.com
3318:978-1-137-37719-7
3272:978-1-137-37719-7
3164:978-1-64283-254-9
3069:978-0-309-12539-0
3018:CAROLINA PLANNING
2768:978-1-56011-744-5
2695:. 2 December 2017
2512:978-0-226-02598-8
2472:978-0-8014-5305-2
2331:978-0-17-650982-8
2246:Single-use zoning
2079:. In particular,
2025:in the 1926 case
1926:development plans
1922:unitary authority
1842:
1841:
1805:Buffer/greenbelt
1474:Municipal waters
1405:natural disasters
1366:
1365:
1337:Quasi-industrial
1181:
1180:
1177:Planning Schemes
1164:Planning Schemes
1149:Planning Schemes
1136:Development Plan
1123:Planning Schemes
1032:
1031:
1024:
969:
968:
961:
943:
811:
810:
803:
451:Form-based zoning
266:Single-use zoning
260:functional zoning
254:Functional zoning
189:, founder of the
90:that land may be
74:or other tier of
16:(Redirected from
6820:
6787:
6786:
6779:
6778:
6662:Design–bid–build
6430:Construction law
5955:
5948:
5941:
5932:
5931:
5916:
5915:
5903:
5902:
5890:
5889:
5833:Investment firms
5752:Property manager
5651:Home equity loan
5554:Leasehold estate
5514:Conditional sale
5235:
5228:
5221:
5212:
5211:
5095:
5094:
5058:
5052:
5051:
5023:
5017:
5016:
4984:
4978:
4977:
4967:
4935:
4929:
4928:
4918:
4886:
4880:
4877:
4862:
4861:
4854:
4848:
4847:
4836:
4830:
4829:
4819:
4810:
4804:
4803:
4801:
4799:
4789:
4781:
4775:
4774:
4753:
4747:
4744:
4738:
4735:
4722:
4719:
4713:
4710:
4704:
4703:
4692:
4686:
4685:
4678:
4672:
4671:
4669:
4661:
4655:
4654:
4643:
4637:
4636:
4629:
4623:
4622:
4615:
4609:
4608:
4601:
4595:
4594:
4583:
4577:
4576:
4544:
4538:
4537:
4505:
4499:
4498:
4496:
4494:
4479:
4473:
4472:
4465:
4459:
4458:
4456:
4454:
4443:
4437:
4436:
4434:
4432:
4426:
4416:
4407:
4406:
4404:
4402:
4396:
4385:
4377:
4371:
4364:
4358:
4353:
4347:
4346:
4333:
4327:
4326:
4286:
4280:
4279:
4266:
4260:
4259:
4257:
4241:
4235:
4234:
4227:
4221:
4216:
4210:
4205:
4199:
4193:
4187:
4186:
4162:
4156:
4155:
4144:
4138:
4137:
4130:
4124:
4109:
4103:
4102:
4094:
4088:
4087:
4071:
4062:
4058:
4052:
4051:
4044:
4035:
4034:
4032:
4030:
4015:
4002:
4001:
4000:on 3 March 2024.
3999:
3984:
3975:
3966:
3965:
3963:
3961:
3946:
3940:
3939:
3921:
3912:
3905:
3899:
3898:
3896:
3894:
3880:
3871:
3870:
3868:
3866:
3860:
3853:
3844:
3838:
3837:
3835:
3833:
3819:
3813:
3807:
3798:
3797:
3787:
3778:
3769:
3768:
3766:
3764:
3750:
3744:
3743:
3741:
3739:
3725:
3719:
3718:
3716:
3714:
3699:
3693:
3692:
3690:
3688:
3674:
3668:
3667:
3665:
3663:
3649:
3643:
3642:
3631:
3625:
3624:
3622:
3620:
3605:
3599:
3598:
3596:
3594:
3579:
3573:
3572:
3570:
3568:
3554:
3548:
3547:
3545:
3543:
3529:
3523:
3522:
3520:
3518:
3503:
3497:
3496:
3494:
3492:
3477:
3468:
3467:
3465:
3463:
3448:
3435:
3434:
3432:
3430:
3416:
3407:
3406:
3404:
3402:
3388:
3382:
3381:
3379:
3377:
3363:
3354:
3353:
3351:
3349:
3335:
3329:
3328:
3327:
3325:
3292:
3283:
3282:
3281:
3279:
3246:
3240:
3239:
3237:
3235:
3212:
3203:
3202:
3200:
3198:
3184:
3169:
3168:
3150:
3144:
3143:
3120:The Urban Lawyer
3111:
3105:
3104:
3092:
3086:
3085:
3083:
3081:
3046:
3029:
3028:
3026:
3024:
3010:
3004:
3003:
3001:
2999:
2984:
2978:
2977:
2975:
2973:
2956:
2950:
2949:
2938:
2932:
2931:
2924:
2918:
2917:
2915:
2913:
2904:. Archived from
2893:
2884:
2883:
2881:
2879:
2865:
2856:
2855:
2823:
2817:
2816:
2809:
2803:
2802:
2784:
2773:
2772:
2754:
2748:
2741:
2732:
2729:
2723:
2716:
2705:
2704:
2702:
2700:
2689:
2678:
2677:
2675:
2673:
2659:
2653:
2652:
2650:
2648:
2628:
2622:
2621:
2587:
2568:
2567:
2551:
2545:
2544:
2526:
2517:
2516:
2504:
2491:
2485:
2484:
2455:
2426:
2415:
2409:
2408:
2401:
2395:
2390:
2386:
2380:
2367:
2361:
2360:
2342:
2336:
2335:
2317:
2311:
2310:
2303:
2184:Urban open space
2169:Form-based codes
1918:district council
1902:local government
1834:, resort areas,
1540:sari-sari stores
1466:Agro-industrial
1426:
1425:
1348:Industrial zone
1326:Commercial zone
1242:
1241:
1236:floor area ratio
1110:Planning Scheme
1084:Land Use Policy
1060:
1059:
1027:
1020:
1016:
1013:
1007:
979:
978:
971:
964:
957:
953:
950:
944:
942:
901:
877:
869:
806:
799:
795:
792:
786:
763:
755:
686:land development
522:Incentive zoning
464:Form-based codes
409:walkable streets
381:Mixed-use zoning
299:Euclidean zoning
248:Use-based zoning
21:
6828:
6827:
6823:
6822:
6821:
6819:
6818:
6817:
6798:
6797:
6796:
6791:
6769:
6677:Interior design
6672:Heavy equipment
6595:
6559:
6501:
6444:
6413:
6367:
6206:
6115:
6109:
6085:Project manager
6075:Civil estimator
6033:
5997:
5964:
5959:
5929:
5924:
5877:
5781:
5700:
5641:Hard money loan
5613:
5607:
5588:Rent regulation
5479:
5443:
5343:
5262:
5244:
5239:
5163:
5136:Bassett, E. M.
5107:Taylor, George
5104:
5102:Further reading
5099:
5098:
5059:
5055:
5024:
5020:
4985:
4981:
4936:
4932:
4887:
4883:
4878:
4865:
4856:
4855:
4851:
4838:
4837:
4833:
4817:
4811:
4807:
4797:
4795:
4787:
4783:
4782:
4778:
4768:
4754:
4750:
4745:
4741:
4736:
4725:
4720:
4716:
4711:
4707:
4694:
4693:
4689:
4680:
4679:
4675:
4667:
4663:
4662:
4658:
4645:
4644:
4640:
4631:
4630:
4626:
4617:
4616:
4612:
4603:
4602:
4598:
4584:
4580:
4545:
4541:
4514:Land Use Policy
4506:
4502:
4492:
4490:
4481:
4480:
4476:
4467:
4466:
4462:
4452:
4450:
4445:
4444:
4440:
4430:
4428:
4424:
4418:
4417:
4410:
4400:
4398:
4394:
4383:
4379:
4378:
4374:
4365:
4361:
4354:
4350:
4335:
4334:
4330:
4287:
4283:
4268:
4267:
4263:
4242:
4238:
4229:
4228:
4224:
4217:
4213:
4206:
4202:
4194:
4190:
4163:
4159:
4146:
4145:
4141:
4132:
4131:
4127:
4123:, see page 1825
4110:
4106:
4095:
4091:
4072:
4065:
4059:
4055:
4046:
4045:
4038:
4028:
4026:
4016:
4005:
3997:
3982:
3976:
3969:
3959:
3957:
3947:
3943:
3936:
3922:
3915:
3906:
3902:
3892:
3890:
3882:
3881:
3874:
3864:
3862:
3861:on 3 March 2024
3858:
3851:
3845:
3841:
3831:
3829:
3827:www.huduser.gov
3821:
3820:
3816:
3808:
3801:
3790:Zoning Practice
3785:
3779:
3772:
3762:
3760:
3752:
3751:
3747:
3737:
3735:
3727:
3726:
3722:
3712:
3710:
3700:
3696:
3686:
3684:
3676:
3675:
3671:
3661:
3659:
3651:
3650:
3646:
3633:
3632:
3628:
3618:
3616:
3606:
3602:
3592:
3590:
3580:
3576:
3566:
3564:
3556:
3555:
3551:
3541:
3539:
3531:
3530:
3526:
3516:
3514:
3504:
3500:
3490:
3488:
3478:
3471:
3461:
3459:
3456:www.nar.realtor
3450:
3449:
3438:
3428:
3426:
3418:
3417:
3410:
3400:
3398:
3390:
3389:
3385:
3375:
3373:
3365:
3364:
3357:
3347:
3345:
3343:www.miami21.org
3337:
3336:
3332:
3323:
3321:
3319:
3293:
3286:
3277:
3275:
3273:
3247:
3243:
3233:
3231:
3213:
3206:
3196:
3194:
3186:
3185:
3172:
3165:
3151:
3147:
3112:
3108:
3093:
3089:
3079:
3077:
3070:
3048:
3047:
3032:
3022:
3020:
3012:
3011:
3007:
2997:
2995:
2985:
2981:
2971:
2969:
2957:
2953:
2940:
2939:
2935:
2926:
2925:
2921:
2911:
2909:
2908:on 3 March 2024
2894:
2887:
2877:
2875:
2867:
2866:
2859:
2824:
2820:
2811:
2810:
2806:
2799:
2791:. Bodley Head.
2785:
2776:
2769:
2755:
2751:
2742:
2735:
2730:
2726:
2717:
2708:
2698:
2696:
2691:
2690:
2681:
2671:
2669:
2661:
2660:
2656:
2646:
2644:
2629:
2625:
2588:
2571:
2552:
2548:
2541:
2527:
2520:
2513:
2492:
2488:
2473:
2456:
2429:
2416:
2412:
2403:
2402:
2398:
2388:
2387:
2383:
2368:
2364:
2357:
2343:
2339:
2332:
2318:
2314:
2305:
2304:
2300:
2295:
2290:
2281:Zoning district
2139:Activity centre
2134:
2089:
2064:
2052:
2043:
1994:, United States
1984:
1978:
1887:
1881:
1865:
1853:
1847:
1666:factories, and
1652:car dealerships
1560:boarding houses
1446:protected areas
1409:ancestral lands
1385:
1377:
1371:
1232:
1220:
1196:
1043:
1037:
1028:
1017:
1011:
1008:
997:
980:
976:
965:
954:
948:
945:
902:
900:
890:
878:
867:
807:
796:
790:
787:
776:
764:
753:
744:
735:
733:Contract zoning
729:
727:Contract zoning
709:
700:
694:
682:
676:
664:
655:
649:
623:
609:
596:
590:
581:
572:
559:
549:
537:
524:
511:
505:
459:
457:Form-based code
453:
389:
383:
280:Aerial view of
274:
268:
256:
250:
245:
233:
199:shopping centre
168:South Australia
147:Throughout the
122:
103:City of Houston
56:North Macedonia
42:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6826:
6816:
6815:
6813:Urban planning
6810:
6793:
6792:
6774:
6771:
6770:
6768:
6767:
6765:Urban planning
6762:
6757:
6752:
6747:
6742:
6737:
6736:
6735:
6734:
6733:
6723:
6718:
6717:
6716:
6701:
6696:
6691:
6690:
6689:
6679:
6674:
6669:
6664:
6659:
6654:
6649:
6644:
6639:
6636:
6631:
6626:
6621:
6620:
6619:
6614:
6603:
6601:
6597:
6596:
6594:
6593:
6588:
6583:
6578:
6573:
6567:
6565:
6561:
6560:
6558:
6557:
6552:
6547:
6542:
6541:
6540:
6535:
6530:
6520:
6515:
6509:
6507:
6503:
6502:
6500:
6499:
6494:
6489:
6484:
6479:
6478:
6477:
6467:
6466:
6465:
6454:
6452:
6446:
6445:
6443:
6442:
6437:
6432:
6427:
6421:
6419:
6415:
6414:
6412:
6411:
6406:
6404:United Kingdom
6401:
6396:
6391:
6386:
6381:
6375:
6373:
6369:
6368:
6366:
6365:
6360:
6354:
6348:
6342:
6336:
6330:
6324:
6318:
6312:
6306:
6301:
6295:
6290:
6284:
6278:
6273:
6267:
6261:
6255:
6250:
6245:
6239:
6233:
6227:
6221:
6214:
6212:
6208:
6207:
6205:
6204:
6199:
6194:
6189:
6184:
6179:
6174:
6169:
6164:
6159:
6154:
6149:
6144:
6139:
6134:
6129:
6123:
6121:
6114:Trades workers
6111:
6110:
6108:
6107:
6105:Superintendent
6102:
6097:
6092:
6087:
6082:
6080:Clerk of works
6077:
6072:
6070:Civil engineer
6067:
6062:
6057:
6052:
6047:
6041:
6039:
6035:
6034:
6032:
6031:
6026:
6021:
6016:
6011:
6005:
6003:
5999:
5998:
5996:
5995:
5994:
5993:
5983:
5978:
5972:
5970:
5966:
5965:
5958:
5957:
5950:
5943:
5935:
5926:
5925:
5923:
5922:
5919:List of topics
5909:
5896:
5882:
5879:
5878:
5876:
5875:
5870:
5868:Urban planning
5865:
5860:
5855:
5850:
5848:Property cycle
5845:
5840:
5835:
5830:
5825:
5820:
5815:
5810:
5808:Gentrification
5805:
5800:
5795:
5789:
5787:
5783:
5782:
5780:
5779:
5774:
5769:
5764:
5759:
5754:
5749:
5747:Moving company
5744:
5739:
5734:
5729:
5724:
5719:
5714:
5708:
5706:
5702:
5701:
5699:
5698:
5693:
5688:
5683:
5678:
5673:
5668:
5663:
5658:
5653:
5648:
5643:
5638:
5633:
5628:
5623:
5617:
5615:
5609:
5608:
5606:
5605:
5600:
5595:
5590:
5585:
5580:
5579:
5578:
5568:
5563:
5562:
5561:
5551:
5546:
5541:
5536:
5531:
5529:Eminent domain
5526:
5521:
5516:
5511:
5506:
5501:
5499:Chain of title
5496:
5490:
5488:
5487:and regulation
5481:
5480:
5478:
5477:
5472:
5467:
5462:
5457:
5451:
5449:
5445:
5444:
5442:
5441:
5436:
5431:
5426:
5421:
5420:
5419:
5414:
5409:
5404:
5399:
5394:
5384:
5379:
5374:
5369:
5364:
5363:
5362:
5351:
5349:
5345:
5344:
5342:
5341:
5339:United Kingdom
5336:
5331:
5326:
5321:
5316:
5311:
5306:
5301:
5296:
5291:
5286:
5281:
5276:
5270:
5268:
5264:
5263:
5261:
5260:
5255:
5249:
5246:
5245:
5238:
5237:
5230:
5223:
5215:
5209:
5208:
5201:
5196:
5191:
5186:
5181:
5176:
5170:
5162:
5161:External links
5159:
5158:
5157:
5151:
5141:
5134:
5129:Bassett, E.M.
5127:
5120:
5117:978-1138372580
5103:
5100:
5097:
5096:
5053:
5034:(4): 711–749.
5018:
4979:
4950:(6): 779–806.
4930:
4901:(6): 779–806.
4881:
4863:
4849:
4831:
4805:
4776:
4766:
4748:
4739:
4723:
4714:
4705:
4687:
4673:
4656:
4638:
4624:
4610:
4596:
4587:Hirt, Sonia A.
4578:
4539:
4500:
4474:
4460:
4438:
4408:
4372:
4359:
4348:
4328:
4301:(4): 437–455.
4281:
4261:
4255:10.3386/w23790
4236:
4222:
4211:
4200:
4188:
4183:10.1086/466803
4177:(2): 493–496.
4157:
4139:
4125:
4104:
4089:
4063:
4053:
4036:
4003:
3967:
3941:
3934:
3913:
3900:
3872:
3839:
3814:
3799:
3770:
3745:
3720:
3708:Kokomo Tribune
3694:
3669:
3644:
3626:
3614:Slate Magazine
3600:
3574:
3549:
3524:
3498:
3469:
3436:
3408:
3383:
3355:
3330:
3317:
3284:
3271:
3241:
3204:
3170:
3163:
3145:
3126:(3): 417–448.
3106:
3087:
3068:
3060:10.17226/12465
3030:
3005:
2979:
2951:
2933:
2919:
2885:
2857:
2838:(4): 375–393.
2818:
2804:
2797:
2774:
2767:
2749:
2733:
2724:
2706:
2679:
2654:
2637:New York Times
2623:
2569:
2546:
2539:
2518:
2511:
2495:Arendt, Hannah
2486:
2471:
2459:Hirt, Sonia A.
2427:
2410:
2396:
2381:
2362:
2356:978-0415862875
2355:
2337:
2330:
2312:
2297:
2296:
2294:
2291:
2289:
2288:
2283:
2278:
2273:
2268:
2263:
2258:
2253:
2248:
2243:
2238:
2233:
2228:
2223:
2218:
2213:
2208:
2203:
2198:
2193:
2188:
2187:
2186:
2181:
2171:
2166:
2161:
2156:
2151:
2149:Context theory
2146:
2141:
2135:
2133:
2130:
2101:urban prairies
2093:deurbanization
2088:
2085:
2063:
2060:
2051:
2048:
2042:
2039:
1980:Main article:
1977:
1974:
1958:small terraces
1900:through which
1883:Main article:
1880:
1879:United Kingdom
1877:
1864:
1861:
1849:Main article:
1846:
1843:
1840:
1839:
1828:
1824:
1823:
1819:
1815:
1814:
1806:
1802:
1801:
1798:
1794:
1793:
1782:
1778:
1777:
1758:
1754:
1753:
1749:
1745:
1744:
1724:
1720:
1719:
1712:
1708:
1707:
1688:
1684:
1683:
1677:
1673:
1672:
1644:public markets
1634:
1630:
1629:
1626:
1622:
1621:
1618:
1614:
1613:
1606:
1602:
1601:
1597:
1593:
1592:
1585:
1581:
1580:
1572:
1568:
1567:
1556:
1552:
1551:
1528:
1524:
1523:
1520:
1516:
1515:
1508:
1504:
1503:
1475:
1471:
1470:
1467:
1463:
1462:
1454:
1450:
1449:
1442:national parks
1438:
1434:
1433:
1430:
1384:
1381:
1373:Main article:
1370:
1367:
1364:
1363:
1360:
1356:
1355:
1349:
1345:
1344:
1338:
1334:
1333:
1327:
1323:
1322:
1316:
1312:
1311:
1305:
1301:
1300:
1297:
1293:
1292:
1289:
1285:
1284:
1281:
1277:
1276:
1273:
1269:
1268:
1265:
1261:
1260:
1254:
1250:
1249:
1246:
1231:
1228:
1219:
1216:
1195:
1192:
1179:
1178:
1175:
1172:
1166:
1165:
1162:
1157:
1151:
1150:
1147:
1144:
1138:
1137:
1134:
1131:
1125:
1124:
1121:
1118:
1112:
1111:
1108:
1105:
1099:
1098:
1095:
1092:
1086:
1085:
1082:
1077:
1071:
1070:
1067:
1064:
1039:Main article:
1036:
1033:
1030:
1029:
994:of the subject
992:worldwide view
983:
981:
974:
967:
966:
881:
879:
872:
866:
863:
859:housing crisis
841:private zoning
809:
808:
767:
765:
758:
752:
749:
743:
740:
731:Main article:
728:
725:
708:
705:
696:Main article:
693:
690:
678:Main article:
675:
672:
663:
662:Overlay zoning
660:
651:Main article:
648:
645:
641:
640:
637:
634:
622:
619:
608:
607:Pattern zoning
605:
592:Main article:
589:
586:
580:
579:Cluster zoning
577:
571:
570:Floating zones
568:
548:
545:
536:
533:
523:
520:
504:
501:
455:Main article:
452:
449:
437:heavy industry
382:
379:
267:
264:
252:Main article:
249:
246:
244:
241:
232:
229:
172:North Adelaide
160:planned cities
121:
118:
99:United Kingdom
64:urban planning
52:City of Skopje
39:Building codes
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6825:
6814:
6811:
6809:
6806:
6805:
6803:
6790:
6782:
6772:
6766:
6763:
6761:
6758:
6756:
6753:
6751:
6748:
6746:
6743:
6741:
6738:
6732:
6729:
6728:
6727:
6724:
6722:
6719:
6715:
6712:
6711:
6710:
6707:
6706:
6705:
6702:
6700:
6699:Megastructure
6697:
6695:
6692:
6688:
6685:
6684:
6683:
6680:
6678:
6675:
6673:
6670:
6668:
6665:
6663:
6660:
6658:
6655:
6653:
6650:
6648:
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6640:
6637:
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6627:
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6613:
6610:
6609:
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6605:
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6602:
6598:
6592:
6589:
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6579:
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6455:
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6451:
6447:
6441:
6438:
6436:
6433:
6431:
6428:
6426:
6425:Building code
6423:
6422:
6420:
6416:
6410:
6409:United States
6407:
6405:
6402:
6400:
6397:
6395:
6392:
6390:
6387:
6385:
6382:
6380:
6377:
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6240:
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6234:
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6225:
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6219:
6216:
6215:
6213:
6211:Organizations
6209:
6203:
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6027:
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6022:
6020:
6017:
6015:
6012:
6010:
6007:
6006:
6004:
6000:
5992:
5989:
5988:
5987:
5984:
5982:
5979:
5977:
5974:
5973:
5971:
5967:
5963:
5956:
5951:
5949:
5944:
5942:
5937:
5936:
5933:
5921:
5920:
5910:
5908:
5907:
5897:
5895:
5894:
5884:
5883:
5880:
5874:
5871:
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5851:
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5841:
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5831:
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5821:
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5811:
5809:
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5804:
5801:
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5778:
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5773:
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5692:
5689:
5687:
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5682:
5679:
5677:
5674:
5672:
5669:
5667:
5666:Mortgage loan
5664:
5662:
5659:
5657:
5654:
5652:
5649:
5647:
5644:
5642:
5639:
5637:
5634:
5632:
5629:
5627:
5624:
5622:
5619:
5618:
5616:
5614:and valuation
5610:
5604:
5601:
5599:
5598:Torrens title
5596:
5594:
5591:
5589:
5586:
5584:
5583:Real property
5581:
5577:
5574:
5573:
5572:
5569:
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5564:
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5555:
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5440:
5437:
5435:
5432:
5430:
5427:
5425:
5422:
5418:
5415:
5413:
5412:Golf property
5410:
5408:
5405:
5403:
5400:
5398:
5395:
5393:
5390:
5389:
5388:
5385:
5383:
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5310:
5307:
5305:
5302:
5300:
5297:
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5292:
5290:
5287:
5285:
5282:
5280:
5277:
5275:
5272:
5271:
5269:
5265:
5259:
5256:
5254:
5251:
5250:
5247:
5243:
5236:
5231:
5229:
5224:
5222:
5217:
5216:
5213:
5206:
5202:
5200:
5197:
5195:
5192:
5190:
5187:
5185:
5182:
5180:
5177:
5174:
5171:
5168:
5165:
5164:
5156:
5152:
5150:
5149:online review
5146:
5143:Hirt, Sonia.
5142:
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5121:
5118:
5114:
5110:
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4809:
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4773:
4769:
4767:9781118738955
4763:
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4215:
4209:
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4180:
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4168:
4161:
4153:
4152:Bloomberg.com
4149:
4143:
4135:
4129:
4122:
4118:
4114:
4108:
4100:
4093:
4086:(2): 121–155.
4085:
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4057:
4049:
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2110:
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2102:
2098:
2094:
2084:
2082:
2078:
2074:
2068:
2059:
2058:
2047:
2038:
2036:
2032:
2028:
2024:
2019:
2017:
2013:
2012:New York City
2009:
2005:
2004:real property
2001:
1993:
1988:
1983:
1976:United States
1973:
1969:
1967:
1963:
1959:
1955:
1954:semi-detached
1950:
1946:
1942:
1937:
1933:
1931:
1927:
1923:
1919:
1915:
1911:
1907:
1903:
1899:
1894:
1892:
1886:
1876:
1874:
1870:
1860:
1858:
1852:
1837:
1833:
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1779:
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1627:
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1623:
1619:
1616:
1615:
1611:
1607:
1604:
1603:
1598:
1595:
1594:
1590:
1587:Intended for
1586:
1583:
1582:
1578:
1573:
1570:
1569:
1565:
1561:
1557:
1554:
1553:
1549:
1545:
1542:, home-based
1541:
1537:
1533:
1529:
1526:
1525:
1521:
1518:
1517:
1513:
1509:
1507:Mineral land
1506:
1505:
1501:
1497:
1493:
1489:
1485:
1481:
1476:
1473:
1472:
1468:
1465:
1464:
1460:
1455:
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1451:
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1436:
1435:
1431:
1428:
1427:
1424:
1422:
1418:
1414:
1410:
1406:
1402:
1401:public domain
1396:
1394:
1390:
1380:
1376:
1361:
1358:
1357:
1354:
1350:
1347:
1346:
1343:
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1336:
1335:
1332:
1328:
1325:
1324:
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1310:
1306:
1303:
1302:
1298:
1295:
1294:
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1279:
1278:
1274:
1271:
1270:
1266:
1263:
1262:
1259:
1255:
1252:
1251:
1247:
1244:
1243:
1240:
1237:
1227:
1225:
1215:
1213:
1209:
1208:real property
1205:
1201:
1191:
1189:
1185:
1176:
1173:
1171:
1168:
1167:
1163:
1161:
1158:
1156:
1153:
1152:
1148:
1145:
1143:
1140:
1139:
1135:
1132:
1130:
1127:
1126:
1122:
1119:
1117:
1114:
1113:
1109:
1107:Planning Act
1106:
1104:
1101:
1100:
1096:
1093:
1091:
1088:
1087:
1083:
1081:
1078:
1076:
1073:
1072:
1068:
1065:
1062:
1061:
1058:
1056:
1052:
1048:
1042:
1026:
1023:
1015:
1005:
1001:
995:
993:
989:
982:
973:
972:
963:
960:
952:
941:
938:
934:
931:
927:
924:
920:
917:
913:
910: –
909:
905:
904:Find sources:
898:
894:
888:
887:
882:This section
880:
876:
871:
870:
862:
860:
856:
852:
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794:
791:December 2020
784:
780:
774:
773:
768:This section
766:
762:
757:
756:
748:
742:Fiscal zoning
739:
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669:
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627:
621:Hybrid zoning
618:
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401:urban renewal
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368:
367:leafy streets
364:
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335:United States
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324:United States
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261:
258:Use-based or
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222:New York City
219:
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214:United States
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19:
6760:Urban design
6745:Stonemasonry
6657:Design–build
6600:Other topics
6591:Slip forming
6450:Architecture
6439:
6095:Site manager
6014:Construction
6009:Architecture
5962:Construction
5917:
5905:
5891:
5838:Land banking
5737:Land banking
5722:Buyer broker
5696:Rental value
5602:
5519:Conveyancing
5329:Saudi Arabia
5154:
5144:
5137:
5130:
5123:
5108:
5090:
5073:(1): 67–82.
5070:
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4999:(1): 41–43.
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4796:. Retrieved
4794:. April 2019
4791:
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4559:(1): 79–92.
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4503:
4493:23 September
4491:. Retrieved
4486:
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4420:
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4392:the original
4375:
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4342:The Atlantic
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3887:
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3856:the original
3842:
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3761:. Retrieved
3757:
3748:
3738:26 September
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3732:
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3707:
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3681:
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3656:
3647:
3641:. July 2018.
3638:
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3109:
3100:
3090:
3080:10 September
3078:. Retrieved
3050:
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3017:
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2992:
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2970:. Retrieved
2964:
2954:
2946:The Guardian
2945:
2936:
2922:
2910:. Retrieved
2906:the original
2901:
2876:. Retrieved
2872:
2835:
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2821:
2807:
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2752:
2727:
2697:. Retrieved
2670:. Retrieved
2667:wiki.gis.com
2666:
2657:
2645:. Retrieved
2636:
2626:
2604:(1): 61–71.
2601:
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2301:
2226:Police power
2206:New urbanism
2119:
2090:
2073:urban sprawl
2069:
2065:
2053:
2044:
2020:
2014:adopted the
2000:police power
1997:
1970:
1966:manor houses
1960:, to larger
1938:
1934:
1895:
1888:
1866:
1863:South Africa
1854:
1786:buffer zones
1736:
1730:
1727:
1715:
1701:
1691:
1680:
1661:
1655:
1648:call centres
1641:
1577:condominiums
1536:subdivisions
1534:houses, and
1453:Agriculture
1432:Description
1397:
1386:
1378:
1352:
1341:
1330:
1319:
1308:
1257:
1248:Description
1233:
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1182:
1044:
1018:
1009:
985:
955:
946:
936:
929:
922:
915:
903:
891:Please help
886:verification
883:
849:
845:
840:
836:
833:
816:urban sprawl
812:
797:
788:
777:Please help
772:verification
769:
745:
736:
718:
710:
701:
683:
665:
656:
642:
628:
624:
610:
597:
582:
573:
560:
553:Smart growth
547:Smart zoning
538:
529:
525:
516:
512:
486:
482:
460:
445:
441:sewage farms
421:
417:New Urbanism
394:
390:
332:
328:
307:
304:Euclid, Ohio
297:
295:
291:
257:
238:
234:
207:
201:inspired by
185:
157:
146:
142:Roman Empire
134:Zhou Dynasty
130:
123:
111:
96:
72:municipality
67:
61:
43:
6704:Plasterwork
6694:Megaproject
6506:Engineering
6435:Site safety
6197:Steel fixer
6162:Electrician
6132:Boilermaker
6038:Professions
5863:Urban decay
5717:Buyer agent
5539:Foreclosure
5534:Encumbrance
5407:Arable land
5319:Puerto Rico
5267:By location
5242:Real estate
5167:ZoningPoint
4553:Urban Forum
4520:: 257–264.
4029:25 February
3960:25 February
3893:25 February
3832:24 February
3763:3 September
3462:24 February
3429:24 February
3023:12 February
2647:19 November
2389:(in German)
2251:Spot zoning
2097:urban decay
2008:Los Angeles
1836:theme parks
1832:agritourism
1564:dormitories
1383:Philippines
1369:New Zealand
714:spot zoning
698:Spot zoning
692:Spot zoning
564:walkability
428:restaurants
397:Jane Jacobs
355:skyscrapers
347:New Zealand
218:Los Angeles
80:residential
6802:Categories
6721:Parge coat
6652:Demolition
6418:Regulation
6372:By country
6177:Millwright
6172:Ironworker
6137:Bricklayer
5818:Green belt
5691:Remortgage
5475:Relocation
5274:Bangladesh
4798:9 February
4453:15 January
3401:5 December
3376:5 December
3348:5 December
3324:5 December
3278:5 December
3234:5 December
3197:5 December
2998:9 February
2878:28 January
2699:9 February
2672:28 January
2293:References
2035:ordinances
1998:Under the
1904:regulates
1867:There are
1770:leprosaria
1694:dried fish
1589:townhouses
1417:ecotourism
919:newspapers
865:By country
851:Corruption
837:non-zoning
825:urban rail
557:Smart city
551:See also:
507:See also:
493:La DĂ©fense
478:La DĂ©fense
419:movement.
385:See also:
351:urban core
270:See also:
210:masterplan
92:subdivided
84:industrial
76:government
6726:Roughcast
6182:Plasterer
6142:Carpenter
6045:Architect
5803:Filtering
5793:Companies
5712:Appraiser
5593:Severance
5289:Indonesia
5087:237827933
5048:154878958
5013:158380453
4573:1015-3802
4534:0264-8377
3796:(5): 2–7.
3639:Metroplan
3229:0362-4331
3132:0042-0905
2852:0885-4122
2618:0194-4363
2564:309352342
2481:879527609
1945:new towns
1845:Singapore
1810:greenbelt
1790:easements
1698:pump boat
1663:chicharon
1500:sea lanes
1484:foreshore
1245:Category
1212:immeubles
1035:Australia
1004:talk page
831:systems.
821:car usage
343:Australia
282:Chatswood
216:with the
138:Vedic Era
126:antiquity
114:variances
6789:Category
6714:Proofing
6617:Millwork
6248:Build UK
6127:Banksman
5893:Category
5798:Eviction
5742:Landlord
5544:Land law
5309:Pakistan
5253:Property
4974:25009413
4925:25009413
4589:(2014).
4323:24579486
3713:18 April
3687:18 April
3662:18 April
3619:18 April
3593:18 April
3567:18 April
3562:mrsc.org
3542:18 April
3517:18 April
3491:18 April
3140:27890703
3074:Archived
2966:BBC News
2641:Archived
2497:(1958).
2461:(2014).
2154:Ekistics
2132:See also
1941:airports
1906:land use
1873:rezoning
1827:Tourism
1660:stores,
1548:barangay
1512:quarries
1488:mangrove
1188:nimbyism
1012:May 2021
998:You may
949:May 2021
908:"Zoning"
543:(ICTs).
164:Adelaide
101:and the
6781:Outline
6731:Harling
6564:Methods
6475:British
6394:Romania
6317:(NAWIC)
6266:(CIPHE)
6260:(CICES)
6187:Plumber
6167:Glazier
6002:History
5906:Commons
5823:Indices
5705:Parties
5504:Closing
5448:Sectors
5138:Zoning.
5092:problem
4965:4083588
4916:4083588
4846:. 2015.
3865:3 March
2972:18 June
2948:. 2016.
2912:3 March
2266:Traffic
2031:Houston
1914:borough
1732:bagoong
1700:/motor
1640:(CBD).
1496:estuary
1437:Forest
1419:areas,
933:scholar
432:offices
363:gardens
359:suburbs
120:History
6808:Zoning
6440:Zoning
6399:Turkey
6353:(RICS)
6341:(NTCA)
6329:(NKBA)
6323:(NFPA)
6311:(NAHB)
6283:(CMAA)
6272:(CECA)
6244:(APHC)
6232:(ATAC)
6226:(ASCE)
6202:Welder
6192:Roofer
5911:
5898:
5885:
5843:People
5777:Tenant
5603:Zoning
5324:Russia
5314:Panama
5299:Turkey
5279:Canada
5115:
5085:
5046:
5011:
4972:
4962:
4923:
4913:
4828:: 670.
4764:
4571:
4532:
4401:7 June
4321:
4275:Reason
4121:995184
4119:
3932:
3315:
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2328:
1772:, and
1668:motels
1657:lechon
1532:duplex
1486:land,
1218:France
1194:Canada
935:
928:
921:
914:
906:
375:Sydney
345:, and
339:Canada
286:Sydney
68:zoning
6458:Style
6389:Japan
6379:India
6359:(SBF)
6347:(RTA)
6335:(NRC)
6300:(HBF)
6293:FIDIC
6289:(CSI)
6238:(AGC)
6220:(AIC)
5969:Types
5786:Other
5559:Lease
5348:Types
5304:Kenya
5294:Italy
5284:China
5083:S2CID
5044:S2CID
5009:S2CID
4818:(PDF)
4788:(PDF)
4668:(PDF)
4431:4 May
4425:(PDF)
4395:(PDF)
4384:(PDF)
4319:JSTOR
3998:(PDF)
3983:(PDF)
3859:(PDF)
3852:(PDF)
3786:(PDF)
3136:JSTOR
2276:YIMBY
2211:NIMBY
2041:Scale
1920:or a
1738:patis
1702:banca
1492:delta
1429:Type
1230:Japan
940:JSTOR
926:books
829:metro
489:Paris
474:Paris
424:cafés
315:
231:Types
107:Texas
18:Zoned
6709:Damp
6667:DfMA
6571:List
6463:List
6384:Iran
6118:List
5524:Deed
5113:ISBN
4970:PMID
4921:PMID
4800:2024
4762:ISBN
4569:ISSN
4530:ISSN
4495:2023
4455:2018
4433:2021
4403:2022
4117:SSRN
4031:2024
3991:2001
3962:2024
3930:ISBN
3895:2024
3867:2024
3834:2024
3765:2022
3740:2021
3715:2021
3689:2021
3664:2021
3621:2021
3595:2021
3569:2021
3544:2021
3519:2021
3493:2021
3464:2024
3431:2024
3403:2021
3378:2021
3350:2021
3326:2021
3313:ISBN
3280:2021
3267:ISBN
3236:2021
3225:ISSN
3199:2021
3159:ISBN
3128:ISSN
3082:2014
3064:ISBN
3025:2024
3000:2024
2974:2013
2914:2024
2880:2024
2848:ISSN
2793:ISBN
2763:ISBN
2701:2024
2674:2024
2649:2017
2614:ISSN
2560:OCLC
2535:ISBN
2507:ISBN
2477:OCLC
2467:ISBN
2374:SSRN
2370:E.g.
2351:ISBN
2326:ISBN
2241:Road
2095:and
1964:and
1943:and
1735:and
1444:and
1055:VCAT
912:news
827:and
555:and
407:and
373:and
365:and
317:U.S.
151:and
88:lots
5485:Law
5075:doi
5036:doi
5001:doi
4960:PMC
4952:doi
4911:PMC
4903:doi
4826:111
4561:doi
4522:doi
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