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yesterday attacked the Roman faith! And because he has now returned shall he be our master and the leader of the
Christian army? Behold, such is the poverty of the Latin Church that she cannot find an apostolic sovereign without resorting to a Greek! Oh, Fathers! Do what you think fit; but for myself and those who think with me, we will never consent to a Greek head of the Church!
268:
Bessarion made no attempt to defend himself, claiming he was not interested in being elected; his reputations for reform and austerity also would have been unpopular with many of the
Renaissance cardinals. Nevertheless, the renowned humanist scholar remained a strong candidate in the following 1464
263:
Shall we select for Pope, for head of the Latin Church, a Greek, a mere interloper? Bessarion still wears his beard—and forsooth, he is to be our Lord! How poor, then, must be our Latin Church, if we can find no worthy man in it, but must needs resort to a Greek, and to one, too, who but
279:
Antonio de
Montefalcone received at least one vote. de Coëtivy and Trevisan pushed for Borja's election, gaining momentum until Borja prevailed the following Tuesday. The core of the requisite two-thirds majority was likely composed of the French, Spanish, and Venetian cardinals: Trevisan, de
175:—a potential compromise candidate between the Colonna and Orsini factions—is a notable display of the lingering antipathy towards certain characteristics of the Eastern church, such as bearded priests, centuries after the
259:—recorded by eyewitnesses—which emphasized Bessarion's former membership in the Eastern Orthodox Church and his retention of Greek mannerisms, such as a full beard. The French cardinal is reported to have remarked:
2179:
248:. Capranica received a plurality on the first three scrutinies, with the other votes scattered; Orsini and the French cardinals rallied against Capranica because he was close to Colonna.
1160:
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308:, or both, likely was also required as Borja very likely did not vote for himself; Borja almost certainly did not receive the votes of Colonna, Capranica, or Bessarion.
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On April 6, Easter Sunday, the factions began to consider neutral candidates. In this capacity, Bessarion (noted for defecting from the
Eastern Church following the
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had prohibited beards for priests since at least the eleventh century, the issue would continue to be debated well into the sixteenth century.
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Materializing gender in early modern
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De aliquis mutationibus in normis de electione Romani
Pontificis
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Funeral oratory and the cultural ideals of
Italian humanism
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Title of S. Croce in
Gerusalemme, administrator of Fermo
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Title of S. Angelo in
Pescheria, bishop of Plasencia
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Title of S. Lorenzo in Damaso, patriarch of Aquileia
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Title of S. Stefano al Monte Celio, bishop of Autun
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Bishop of Porto e Santa Rufina, archbishop of Rouen
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Map of Rome in 1471; the Vatican is at lower right.
1089:Jacks, Philip Joshua, and Caferro, William. 2001.
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729:, admitted into Sacred College on 30 April 1434)
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985:Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes
834:; administratort of the sees of Arles and Dax
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904:Title of S. Ciriaco, archbishop of Esztergom
675:camerlengo of the Sacred College of Cardinals
441:Title of Ss. IV Coronati, bishop of Valencia
864:; administrator of Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne
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860:Papal legate in France; archpriest of the
144:(April 4â8) elected Cardinal Alfons Borja
1052:The election of Pope Calixtus III (1455)
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581:Title of S. Crisogono, bishop of LĂ©rida
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1170:Papal elections and conclaves
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1011:Politics and political change
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614:Administrator of the
529:Future Pope Paul II;
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1022:Fisher, Will. 2006.
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827:Antipope John XXIII
738:; archpriest of the
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537:; archpriest of the
425:; legate in Bologna
2272:1455 papal conclave
987:, Vol. 41: 322-326.
693:Title of S. Sabina
682:Guillaume d'Estaing
421:; administrator of
409:Bishop of Frascati
179:. Although Western
160:voting (votes cast
142:1455 papal conclave
2452:Pope Callixtus III
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744:grand penitentiary
710:Domenico Capranica
651:Filippo Calandrini
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458:Juan de Torquemada
399:Basilios Bessarion
269:conclave as well.
242:Domenico Capranica
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173:Basilios Bessarion
146:Pope Callixtus III
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32:Dates and location
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222:) and Cardinal
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300:; the vote of
244:, Orsini, and
188:
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97:
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37:4â8 April 1455
34:
33:
29:
28:
22:Papal conclave
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2464:
2453:
2450:
2448:
2445:
2443:
2440:
2438:
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2416:from Wikidata
2415:
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2398:
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2192:
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2166:
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2156:
2152:
2151:
2146:
2142:
2141:
2136:
2132:
2131:
2126:
2122:
2121:
2120:Ubi periculum
2116:
2115:
2113:
2105:
2096:
2092:
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2037:
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2028:
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2016:
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2011:
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1973:
1968:
1964:
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1336:December 1187
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1200:Elections and
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1104:Caesar Borgia
1099:
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838:
837:
833:
829:
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811:
810:Peter of Foix
808:
784:
772:
769:
766:
763:
760:
757:
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752:
749:
748:
745:
741:
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632:
629:
626:
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621:
620:
617:
613:
610:
607:
604:
601:
598:
596:
595:Latino Orsini
593:
592:
589:
586:
583:
580:
577:
574:
571:
568:
567:
564:
561:
558:
555:
552:
549:
547:
546:Juan Carvajal
544:
543:
540:
536:
532:
528:
525:
522:
519:
516:
513:
511:
508:
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341:
317:
309:
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283:
278:
275:
270:
265:
260:
258:
254:
249:
247:
243:
239:
235:
231:
230:
225:
224:Latino Orsini
221:
220:Pope Martin V
217:
213:
204:
198:
193:
184:
182:
178:
174:
169:
167:
163:
159:
155:
151:
147:
143:
132:
127:
121:
117:
112:
109:
108:Callixtus III
104:
103:
98:
93:
90:
87:
83:
80:
77:
73:
70:
67:
63:
60:
57:
53:
50:Key officials
48:
45:
41:
35:
30:
20:
2411:
2394:
2377:
2360:
2343:
2326:
2314:from Commons
2309:
2292:
2271:
2264:Vatican City
2252:Christianity
2188:
2178:
2168:
2158:
2148:
2138:
2128:
2118:
2056:October 1978
1639:October 1503
1580:
1413:January 1276
1329:October 1187
1129:
1124:
1116:
1111:
1103:
1098:
1090:
1085:
1077:
1072:
1064:
1059:
1023:
1018:
1010:
1005:
997:
992:
984:
979:
910:Eugenius IV
894:Dénes Szécsi
886:Eugenius IV
857:Eugenius IV
789:Nationality
764:24 May 1426
726:
644:see of Nimes
562:Eugenius IV
526:Eugenius IV
523:1 July 1440
510:Pietro Barbo
499:Eugenius IV
496:1 July 1440
475:Eugenius IV
450:
447:Eugenius IV
415:Eugenius IV
390:Eugenius IV
359:Eugenius IV
322:Nationality
271:
267:
262:
250:
234:Pietro Barbo
227:
226:; among the
209:
195:The bearded
187:The election
170:
166:Roman Senate
161:
141:
139:
107:
106:Name taken:
100:
95:Elected pope
44:Papal States
2294:Definitions
2240:Catholicism
2140:Cum proxime
2040:August 1978
961:Nicholas V
937:Nicholas V
771:Protodeacon
736:Protopriest
699:Nicholas V
667:Nicholas V
639:Nicholas V
616:see of Bari
611:Nicholas V
587:Nicholas V
444:2 May 1444
286:de Carvajal
162:in accessit
85:Protodeacon
75:Protopriest
2426:Categories
2345:Quotations
2111:(selected)
1690:April 1555
921:Jean Rolin
898:Hungarian
830:Legate in
727:in pectore
572:, O.SS.T.
306:Calandrini
298:Torquemada
65:Camerlengo
24:April 1455
2396:Resources
2379:Textbooks
2109:documents
2107:Governing
1932:1830â1831
1911:1799â1800
1904:1774â1775
1827:1669â1670
1711:1565â1566
1683:1549â1550
1662:1521â1522
1490:1314â1316
1483:1304â1305
1462:1292â1294
1455:1287â1288
1441:1280â1281
1420:July 1276
1406:1268â1271
1399:1264â1265
1202:conclaves
1132:. p. 214.
1080:. p. 162.
1026:. p. 100.
812:, O.F.M.
801:Elevator
798:Elevated
767:Martin V
684:, O.S.B.
655:Ligurian
514:Venetian
487:Venetian
347:Ligurian
334:Elevator
331:Elevated
282:d'Estaing
181:canon law
2212:Category
2095:electors
2079:electors
2063:electors
2047:electors
2031:electors
2015:electors
1999:electors
1983:electors
1967:electors
1783:electors
1776:May 1605
1767:electors
1697:May 1555
1646:electors
1630:electors
1106:. p. 31.
1093:. p. 66.
1067:. p. 72.
1013:. p. 62.
1000:. p. 85.
874:Germany
786:Elector
575:Catalan
550:Spanish
463:Spanish
435:Catalan
319:Elector
274:Minorite
229:papabile
158:accessus
2226:Portals
949:German
925:French
845:French
832:Avignon
815:French
687:French
627:French
460:, O.P.
302:Isidore
133: â
124:â
2193:(2013)
2183:(2007)
2173:(1996)
2163:(1975)
2153:(1970)
2143:(1922)
2133:(1621)
2123:(1274)
804:Notes
795:Title
792:Order
755:Roman
599:Roman
403:Greek
378:Greek
337:Notes
328:Title
325:Order
296:, and
2362:Texts
2311:Media
971:Notes
294:Rolin
290:Cerda
277:friar
232:were
2442:1455
2413:Data
2328:News
2088:2013
2072:2005
2024:1963
2008:1958
1992:1939
1976:1922
1960:1914
1953:1903
1946:1878
1939:1846
1925:1829
1918:1823
1897:1769
1890:1758
1883:1740
1876:1730
1869:1724
1862:1721
1855:1700
1848:1691
1841:1689
1834:1676
1820:1667
1813:1655
1806:1644
1799:1623
1792:1621
1753:1592
1746:1591
1725:1585
1718:1572
1704:1559
1676:1534
1669:1523
1655:1513
1616:1492
1609:1484
1602:1471
1595:1464
1588:1458
1581:1455
1574:1447
1567:1431
1560:1417
1553:1406
1546:1404
1539:1389
1532:1378
1525:1370
1518:1362
1511:1352
1504:1342
1497:1334
1476:1303
1469:1294
1448:1285
1434:1277
1392:1261
1385:1254
1378:1243
1371:1241
1364:1227
1357:1216
1350:1198
1343:1191
1322:1185
1315:1181
1308:1159
1301:1154
1294:1153
1287:1145
1280:1144
1273:1143
1266:1130
1259:1124
1252:1119
1245:1118
1238:1099
1231:1088
1224:1086
1217:1073
1210:1061
140:The
131:1458
126:1447
55:Dean
304:or
218:of
2428::
1054:".
1031:^
742:;
673:;
365:;
292:,
288:,
284:,
240:,
236:,
42:,
2280::
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1162:e
1155:t
1148:v
533:;
214:(
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