732:"Access" is generally defined using a variety of metrics. What is least controversial is those areas with least access throughout history, as all metrics for such areas are zero or close to zero. Examples of metrics used include the presence of (Christian) work and workers (of any kind, whether community development, health, business, child care, house servants, etc), media in an appropriate language (print, TV, radio, web, etc.)
33:
227:; Cyprus, where Christianity accounts for over 70% of the population; South Korea, which is home to the largest single congregation church in the world and is also the second largest missionary-sending nation in the world; and Ethiopia, which is a majority-Christian country. The 10/40 Window does not encompass
286:
was at the vanguard of the spiritual mapping movement through its close ties to and support of Wagner and Bush. It helped initiate the Prayer
Through the Window events in the 1990s, which had tens of millions of participants. New Life Church's spiritual warfare center, the World Prayer Center, opened
254:
to assumed vocabulary for
Christians in the West. It is an emerging term in the secular press and can be found in press style glossaries. Non-western writers and organizations also refer to the 10/40 Window. In addition, those opposed to the idea of evangelism make use of the term.
132:, stating that this region ought to be seen as a "window of opportunity". The analysis and concept was a generalization that focuses on a region, not a sharp boundary defining what is a priority, and what is not. For this reason, many missiologists prefer to use the phrase
766:
At the time, the authoritative source for socioeconomic and political metrics for every nation. Extreme poverty was denoted as under US$ 500 per capita GNP (in 1990 dollars). Human suffering was measured by the
Quality of Life index, precursor to today's
339:
The first edition GIS analysis maps highlighted the three major religious blocks in the 10/40 Window, specifically the majority Muslim, Hindu and
Buddhist nations. Population estimates at the time for the year 2000 (from Operation World) were given as:
79:
and
Northern Africa, as well as almost all of Asia (West Asia, Central Asia, South Asia, East Asia and much of Southeast Asia). Roughly two-thirds of the world population lived in the 10/40 Window, and it is predominantly
1610:
Well below 10 percent in any of the study populations. Each of the cited maps provides side data on population, Christian involvement, etc. in the various study populations (poor, low quality of life, non-Christian,
164:
Some researchers have objected to such a broad-brush term which seems to imply a unifying characteristic of the 10/40 Window when in fact no large area of the planet is completely homogenous in cultural attributes.
195:
is a term that helps people visualize the general area of the analysis, where the above characteristics are generally true, but with exceptions proving it is only a generalization. Some examples of the exceptions:
71:
highlights these three elements (as of data available in 1990): an area of the world with great poverty and low quality of life, combined with lack of access to
Christian resources and
208:
and Japan. In the late 20th century, Japan boasted the world's third largest economy, and South Korea the eleventh. Such nations were strong throughout the late 20th century.
1114:
64:, a general area that was purported to have the highest level of socioeconomic challenges and least access to the Christian message and Christian resources on the planet.
204:
under US$ 500). Of the three billion people living in such poverty-stricken nations, 82% lived in the 10/40 Window. Yet the 10/40 Window also includes nations such as
1092:
295:
The original 1990 GIS 10/40 Window analysis produced several insights, among them showing that the nations of the 10/40 Window represented (as of the research date):
357:
have been based more on census data and other estimates rather than forward-looking population estimates. The cited reference provides the following estimate of "
2007:
117:
1703:
1378:
864:
Mind-numbing in its details (with some areas of unique value), but the introduction and definitions in the paper edition are quite helpful to understanding.
1769:
104:. Many governments in the 10/40 Window are officially or unofficially opposed to Christian missionary work of any kind within their borders.
283:
52:
in 1990 to refer to those regions of the eastern hemisphere, plus the
European and African part of the western hemisphere, located between
970:
358:
1930:
235:
To address these concerns the list of 10/40 countries has been amended in recent years to omit Greece, Portugal and the
Philippines.
1992:
1118:
1728:
1250:
1140:
1890:
1306:
1811:
1490:
938:
913:
1653:
1347:
1194:
1822:
1482:
1163:
680:) with at least 50 percent of their land area falling within 10 to 40 degrees latitude as of 1990. (The list also included
1511:
824:
239:
1961:
1910:
1334:
834:
847:
1997:
1749:
1408:
200:
The 10/40 Window article refers to the "poorest of the poor" living in that region (based on late-1980s per-capita
120:. In 1990, Bush's research led to a meeting with Pete Holzmann, a leader of the team developing the first PC-based
1967:
1794:
2002:
1386:
1870:
124:(GIS) software. They analyzed the region using a box between 10 and 40 degrees north latitude and called it the
1777:
1280:
121:
1711:
1539:
321:
17:
1987:
1678:
891:
702:
275:
1634:
This number is higher than the census-based world total of 14 million. However, even authoritative
1109:
270:(demons believed to control regions of the globe and prevent Christian conversion), as promoted by
139:
Before being called the "resistant belt", the
Islamic portions of this region, as well as selected
1635:
768:
712:
112:
This region of the world was previously known to
Christians as the "resistant belt", as noted by
1854:
1435:
974:
892:"The computer revolution and evangelical mission research and strategy: An historical overview"
140:
72:
1796:
Spiritual Mapping: The Turbulent Career of a Contested American Missionary Paradigm, 1989–2005
968:
Atlas GIS, produced by Strategic Mapping Inc., was the first PC Geographic Information System.
1803:
605:
224:
172:
this part of the world was home to the largest populations living in deep poverty and lowest
144:
187:. The West has ubiquitous access to such resources; this area of the world did and does not.
1938:
1225:
650:
302:
84% of those with lowest quality of life (life expectancy, infant mortality, and literacy),
179:
this part of the world did have least access to Christian resources. Note the emphasis on
8:
1516:
1096:
1003:
57:
53:
45:
677:
327:
305:
the hub of the world's major non-Christian religions (Islam, Buddhism, Hinduism, etc.,)
267:
250:
Over the years, the 10/40 Window has evolved from a specialist term used by Christian
1846:
1807:
1486:
1457:
1258:
909:
830:
263:
259:
1348:"Guerrillas for God : Inside Colorado Springs' modern day missionary boot camp"
1148:
1894:
1447:
1310:
899:
707:
319:
The GIS analysis utilized country-level data from the Operation World almanac, the
299:
82% of the poorest of the world's poor (per capita GNP less than US$ 500 per year),
946:
315:
The least Christian resource investment and least sharing of the Christian message
1732:
1661:
1476:
1355:
1202:
803:
271:
173:
1830:
1171:
1555:
997:
904:
715:
which followed from the Quality of Life Index used in the 10/40 Window research
660:
1452:
840:
1981:
1475:
DeBernardi, Jean (2008). "Global Christian Culture and the Antioch of Asia".
1461:
1018:
Religions of the World: A Comprehensive Encyclopedia of Beliefs and Practices
476:
128:. A few weeks later, Bush and his wife Doris were inspired to rename it the
1496:
697:
645:
591:
421:
1914:
1874:
851:
609:
516:
511:
391:
354:
279:
231:
or Sri Lanka, nations that had very little access to Christian resources.
212:
205:
143:
Buddhist and Hindu areas, were referred to as the "unoccupied fields" by
1753:
1412:
783:
section of this article for research-based details and cited references.
1638:
state that many Jews do not identify themselves in population censuses.
625:
551:
466:
406:
251:
32:
1002:. New York: Student Volunteer Movement for Foreign Missions. p.
823:
Barrett, David B.; Kurian, George T.; Johnson, Todd M., eds. (2001).
806:
provides a concise well-researched/cited data summary for each nation
681:
673:
228:
113:
49:
386:
The 10/40 Window originally encompassed the following 54 countries.
630:
581:
461:
446:
426:
216:
89:
1284:
959:
The link is to the map, which is part of an extensive cover story.
890:
Jaffarian, Michael (November 16, 2014), James, Jonathan D. (ed.),
312:
had least-access to Christian resources (two-dimensional analysis)
1624:(Map) (August 1, 1990 ed.). Cartography by GMI/GRDB. AD2000.
1600:(Map) (August 1, 1990 ed.). Cartography by GMI/GRDB. AD2000.
1586:(Map) (August 1, 1990 ed.). Cartography by GMI/GRDB. AD2000.
1572:(Map) (August 1, 1990 ed.). Cartography by GMI/GRDB. AD2000.
1082:(Map) (August 1, 1990 ed.). Cartography by GMI/GRDB. AD2000.
1065:(Map) (August 1, 1990 ed.). Cartography by GMI/GRDB. AD2000.
655:
635:
596:
561:
556:
531:
456:
401:
396:
334:
101:
93:
61:
1093:
Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project: Cyprus
1540:"Evangelical Christian soldiers plan to wage spiritual warfare"
640:
620:
521:
506:
496:
471:
441:
416:
220:
191:
This research deals in overall population characteristics. The
152:
97:
81:
76:
1686:
685:
665:
615:
601:
586:
571:
566:
546:
536:
501:
481:
451:
436:
411:
85:
1962:
Updated statistics, including some relating to 10/40 Window
576:
541:
526:
491:
486:
431:
1512:"Fighting Demons, Raising the Dead, Taking Over the World"
875:
Encyclopedia of Christianity in the Global South, Volume 2
1971:
1622:
The 55 Least Evangelized Countries & The 10/40 Window
1042:
1040:
1038:
242:
worldview" which may not be shared by other Christians.
201:
1436:"Maps Matter. The 10/40 Window and Missionary Geography"
350:
8 Buddhist countries, 237 million population est. (2000)
845:
1739 pp. Much of its data is available online at the
344:
28 Muslim countries, 1.1 billion population est. (2000)
219:, which both have a Roman Catholic Christian majority;
1035:
1023:
896:
The Internet and the Google Age: Prospects and Perils
347:
2 Hindu countries, 1.1 billion population est. (2000)
223:, where almost 98% of the population belonged to the
147:, in his book by that same title, published in 1911.
75:
non-Christians. The Window forms a band encompassing
1913:. Society for World Internet Mission. Archived from
822:
238:
Additionally, the concept has been critiqued as " a
1598:
The Poor, The Unevangelized, & The 10/40 Window
898:, Dublin: Research-publishing.net, pp. 88–90,
287:in 1998 and primarily focused on the 10/40 window.
1434:de Korte, Hannah; Onnekink, David (May 28, 2020).
374:140 million in 2550 tribal groups (mainly animist)
361:" non-Christian populations in the 10/40 Window:
1979:
1747:
1654:"Becoming Global Christians in the 21st century"
1433:
1164:"Becoming Global Christians in the 21st Century"
999:The Unoccupied Mission Fields of Africa and Asia
1538:Kovach Caldwell, Deborah (September 19, 1998).
1537:
308:close to 100% of those who were both most-poor
2008:Applications of geographic information systems
381:
335:Non-Christians in the 10/40 Window by religion
211:Geographically, the 10/40 Window includes the
1570:Three Religious Blocks & The 10/40 Window
877:, Rowman & Littlefield, USA, 2018, p. 451
1337:, Society for world mission/mission network.
1115:"The Top 10 Churches in the World (by size)"
1063:The Poorest Countries & The 10/40 Window
1750:"Geography PhD Dissertation Summary Comix"
1701:
1474:
1074:
1072:
1057:
1055:
48:strategist and Partners International CEO
1891:"Serving Persecuted Christians Worldwide"
1451:
903:
889:
829:(2nd ed.). Oxford University Press.
1614:
1576:
31:
1970:, GMI. Updated data from the original
1792:
1767:
1590:
1223:
1069:
1052:
1046:
1029:
150:The concept was first published in the
14:
1980:
1928:
1726:
1651:
1562:
1509:
1192:
1133:
1108:The largest congregation is in Seoul (
1080:Quality of Life & The 10/40 Window
995:
933:
931:
688:, which are not independent nations.)
1676:
818:
816:
814:
812:
756:
754:
752:
750:
748:
27:10 to 40 degrees north of the equator
1873:. Macedonian Project. Archived from
1820:
1483:Institute of Southeast Asian Studies
1376:
1161:
885:
883:
799:
797:
795:
793:
791:
789:
258:The concept has also been a part of
1679:"Evangelicals Look To 10/40 Window"
1584:Islam & & The 10/40 Window
1531:
971:"ESRI Retires ArcCAD and Atlas GIS"
928:
24:
1931:"Marli Spieker, Broadcasting Hope"
1702:Blumenthal, Max (April 15, 2003).
1468:
1016:J. Gordon Melton, Martin Baumann,
809:
745:
25:
2019:
1955:
880:
786:
1871:"Macedonian Project Information"
1731:. CS Independent. Archived from
1677:Allen, John L (September 2006).
1478:Religious diversity in Singapore
118:Lausanne II Conference in Manila
1644:
1628:
1604:
1510:Wilson, Bruce (June 22, 2009).
1503:
1427:
1401:
1370:
1340:
1325:
1299:
1273:
1243:
1217:
1186:
1155:
1102:
1086:
1010:
989:
945:. June 30, 2003. Archived from
168:The 1990 research data states:
36:The nations in the 10/40 Window
1993:Evangelical Christian missions
1727:Dicker, John (April 3, 2003).
1652:Aikman, David (January 2002).
962:
867:
773:
726:
159:
13:
1:
1929:Walker, J Gary (April 2003).
1823:"Islam and China's Christmas"
1821:Long, Justin (January 2001).
1195:"Islam and China's Christmas"
739:
122:geographic information system
1893:. Open Doors. Archived from
1770:"The Faith At Work Movement"
1352:Colorado Springs Independent
1020:, ABC-CLIO, USA, 2010, p. 14
826:World Christian Encyclopedia
322:World Christian Encyclopedia
7:
1704:"Onward Christian Soldiers"
1379:"Onward Christian soldiers"
1257:. Adventist. Archived from
691:
382:Nations in the 10/40 Window
290:
10:
2024:
1683:National Catholic Reporter
1544:The San Francisco Examiner
996:Zwemer, Samuel M. (1911).
905:10.14705/rpnet.2014.000179
848:"World Christian Database"
262:theology. It is linked to
1748:Han, Ju Hui Judy (2007).
1453:10.1163/1572543X-12341558
1307:"Open Doors South Africa"
1226:"Today's Christian Woman"
703:Child evangelism movement
276:New Apostolic Reformation
107:
1110:Yoido Full Gospel Church
719:
1998:Geographical neologisms
1283:. Macsa. Archived from
1224:Spieker, Marli (2003).
850:. Brill. Archived from
769:Human Development Index
713:Human Development Index
676:nations (mostly in the
67:The concept behind the
2003:Religion and geography
1855:Adventist News Network
1793:Holvast, René (2008).
1193:Aikman, David (2002).
245:
44:" is a term coined by
37:
1804:University of Utrecht
1756:on September 30, 2007
1689:on September 27, 2007
1162:Long, Justin (2001).
1141:"Missions Incredible"
1121:on September 27, 2007
977:on September 25, 2007
371:275 million Buddhists
225:Greek Orthodox Church
35:
1941:on February 15, 2007
1897:on February 13, 2007
1833:on February 15, 2008
1780:on February 19, 2007
1768:Hillman, Os (2004).
1714:on December 10, 2006
1664:on February 15, 2008
1415:on February 15, 2008
1389:on December 10, 2006
1313:on February 13, 2007
1205:on February 15, 2008
1174:on February 15, 2008
1151:on November 7, 2006.
843:on February 6, 2003.
651:United Arab Emirates
46:Christian missionary
1877:on February 3, 2001
1735:on February 3, 2007
1729:"Guerillas for God"
1517:Religion Dispatches
1358:on January 17, 2004
1261:on November 7, 2011
1097:Pew Research Center
365:865 million Muslims
268:territorial spirits
134:10/40 Window region
1988:Christian missions
1935:Christianity Today
1774:Christianity Today
1230:Christianity today
939:"The 10/40 Window"
678:eastern hemisphere
368:550 million Hindus
328:The World Factbook
156:magazine in 1990.
38:
1968:10/40 Window Maps
1827:Charisma Magazine
1813:978-90-393-4829-1
1658:Charisma Magazine
1492:978-981-230-754-5
1199:Charisma Magazine
1168:Charisma Magazine
949:on April 28, 2007
915:978-1-908416-17-9
873:Mark A. Lamport,
274:, founder of the
264:spiritual mapping
260:spiritual warfare
185:percent Christian
16:(Redirected from
2015:
1950:
1948:
1946:
1937:. Archived from
1925:
1923:
1922:
1906:
1904:
1902:
1886:
1884:
1882:
1866:
1864:
1862:
1842:
1840:
1838:
1829:. Archived from
1817:
1801:
1789:
1787:
1785:
1776:. Archived from
1764:
1762:
1761:
1752:. Archived from
1744:
1742:
1740:
1723:
1721:
1719:
1710:. Archived from
1698:
1696:
1694:
1685:. Archived from
1673:
1671:
1669:
1660:. Archived from
1639:
1632:
1626:
1625:
1618:
1612:
1608:
1602:
1601:
1594:
1588:
1587:
1580:
1574:
1573:
1566:
1560:
1559:
1553:
1551:
1535:
1529:
1528:
1526:
1524:
1507:
1501:
1500:
1472:
1466:
1465:
1455:
1431:
1425:
1424:
1422:
1420:
1411:. Archived from
1405:
1399:
1398:
1396:
1394:
1385:. Archived from
1377:Lightman, Alan.
1374:
1368:
1367:
1365:
1363:
1354:. Archived from
1344:
1338:
1333:
1329:
1323:
1322:
1320:
1318:
1309:. Archived from
1303:
1297:
1296:
1294:
1292:
1287:on April 2, 2012
1277:
1271:
1270:
1268:
1266:
1247:
1241:
1240:
1238:
1236:
1221:
1215:
1214:
1212:
1210:
1201:. Archived from
1190:
1184:
1183:
1181:
1179:
1170:. Archived from
1159:
1153:
1152:
1147:. Archived from
1137:
1131:
1130:
1128:
1126:
1117:. Archived from
1106:
1100:
1090:
1084:
1083:
1076:
1067:
1066:
1059:
1050:
1044:
1033:
1027:
1021:
1014:
1008:
1007:
993:
987:
986:
984:
982:
973:. Archived from
966:
960:
958:
956:
954:
935:
926:
925:
924:
922:
907:
887:
878:
871:
865:
863:
861:
859:
854:on March 4, 2007
844:
839:. Archived from
820:
807:
801:
784:
777:
771:
765:
758:
733:
730:
708:Great Commission
58:40 degrees north
21:
2023:
2022:
2018:
2017:
2016:
2014:
2013:
2012:
1978:
1977:
1958:
1953:
1944:
1942:
1920:
1918:
1917:on July 2, 2001
1909:
1900:
1898:
1889:
1880:
1878:
1869:
1860:
1858:
1845:
1836:
1834:
1814:
1799:
1783:
1781:
1759:
1757:
1738:
1736:
1717:
1715:
1692:
1690:
1667:
1665:
1647:
1642:
1633:
1629:
1620:
1619:
1615:
1609:
1605:
1596:
1595:
1591:
1582:
1581:
1577:
1568:
1567:
1563:
1549:
1547:
1536:
1532:
1522:
1520:
1508:
1504:
1493:
1473:
1469:
1432:
1428:
1418:
1416:
1407:
1406:
1402:
1392:
1390:
1375:
1371:
1361:
1359:
1346:
1345:
1341:
1331:
1330:
1326:
1316:
1314:
1305:
1304:
1300:
1290:
1288:
1279:
1278:
1274:
1264:
1262:
1249:
1248:
1244:
1234:
1232:
1222:
1218:
1208:
1206:
1191:
1187:
1177:
1175:
1160:
1156:
1139:
1138:
1134:
1124:
1122:
1113:
1107:
1103:
1091:
1087:
1078:
1077:
1070:
1061:
1060:
1053:
1045:
1036:
1028:
1024:
1015:
1011:
994:
990:
980:
978:
969:
967:
963:
952:
950:
937:
936:
929:
920:
918:
916:
888:
881:
872:
868:
857:
855:
846:
837:
821:
810:
804:Operation World
802:
787:
778:
774:
760:
759:
746:
742:
737:
736:
731:
727:
722:
694:
672:These were all
670:
384:
377:17 million Jews
337:
293:
284:New Life Church
272:C. Peter Wagner
248:
174:quality of life
162:
110:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2021:
2011:
2010:
2005:
2000:
1995:
1990:
1976:
1975:
1965:
1957:
1956:External links
1954:
1952:
1951:
1926:
1907:
1887:
1867:
1843:
1818:
1812:
1790:
1765:
1745:
1724:
1699:
1674:
1648:
1646:
1643:
1641:
1640:
1636:Jewish sources
1627:
1613:
1603:
1589:
1575:
1561:
1556:Newspapers.com
1530:
1502:
1491:
1467:
1446:(2): 110–144.
1426:
1400:
1369:
1339:
1324:
1298:
1272:
1242:
1216:
1185:
1154:
1132:
1101:
1085:
1068:
1051:
1049:, p. 193.
1034:
1022:
1009:
988:
961:
927:
914:
879:
866:
835:
808:
785:
772:
762:World FactBook
743:
741:
738:
735:
734:
724:
723:
721:
718:
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710:
705:
700:
693:
690:
669:
668:
663:
661:Western Sahara
658:
653:
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628:
623:
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613:
599:
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584:
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1939:the original
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1687:the original
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1662:the original
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1645:Bibliography
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1554:– via
1548:. Retrieved
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1523:September 8,
1521:. Retrieved
1515:
1505:
1497:Google Books
1495:– via
1477:
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1419:November 20,
1417:. Retrieved
1413:the original
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1393:November 20,
1391:. Retrieved
1387:the original
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1372:
1360:. Retrieved
1356:the original
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1342:
1327:
1315:. Retrieved
1311:the original
1301:
1291:November 20,
1289:. Retrieved
1285:the original
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1265:November 20,
1263:. Retrieved
1259:the original
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1235:November 20,
1233:. Retrieved
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1219:
1209:November 20,
1207:. Retrieved
1203:the original
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1178:November 20,
1176:. Retrieved
1172:the original
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1149:the original
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1123:. Retrieved
1119:the original
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1079:
1062:
1047:Holvast 2008
1030:Holvast 2008
1025:
1017:
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991:
979:. Retrieved
975:the original
964:
951:. Retrieved
947:the original
942:
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895:
874:
869:
856:. Retrieved
852:the original
841:the original
825:
780:
775:
761:
728:
698:40/70 window
671:
646:Turkmenistan
592:Saudi Arabia
422:Burkina Faso
385:
353:
338:
326:
320:
318:
309:
294:
257:
249:
237:
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193:10/40 Window
192:
190:
184:
180:
167:
163:
151:
149:
138:
133:
130:10/40 Window
129:
125:
116:at the 1989
111:
69:10/40 Window
68:
66:
42:10/40 Window
41:
39:
29:
18:10/40 Window
1911:"Sri Lanka"
1851:Style Guide
1546:. p. 6
1409:"Otherwise"
1332:(in Korean)
610:South Sudan
606:at the time
392:Afghanistan
280:Ted Haggard
213:Philippines
206:South Korea
160:Controversy
1982:Categories
1921:2007-03-01
1847:"Glossary"
1802:(Thesis).
1760:2007-03-01
1251:"Glossary"
1145:CT Library
1125:August 20,
740:References
626:Tajikistan
608:including
552:Mauritania
407:Bangladesh
1462:0166-2740
682:Gibraltar
674:Old World
359:unreached
229:Indonesia
141:unreached
126:10/40 box
114:Luis Bush
73:unreached
50:Luis Bush
1974:analysis
1945:March 1,
1901:March 1,
1881:March 1,
1861:March 1,
1837:March 1,
1784:March 1,
1739:March 1,
1718:March 1,
1693:March 1,
1668:March 1,
1440:Exchange
1335:Srilanka
1317:March 1,
953:March 1,
921:July 27,
858:March 1,
781:Analysis
779:See the
692:See also
631:Thailand
582:Pakistan
462:Ethiopia
447:Djibouti
427:Cambodia
291:Analysis
217:Portugal
90:Buddhist
1362:May 21,
1099:. 2010.
764:. 1990.
656:Vietnam
636:Tunisia
597:Senegal
562:Myanmar
557:Morocco
532:Lebanon
457:Eritrea
402:Bahrain
397:Algeria
102:atheist
94:animist
77:Saharan
62:equator
60:of the
1964:, SNU.
1857:. 2007
1810:
1489:
1460:
912:
833:
641:Turkey
621:Taiwan
522:Kuwait
507:Jordan
497:Israel
472:Guinea
467:Gambia
442:Cyprus
417:Bhutan
325:, and
221:Greece
181:access
153:AD2000
108:Origin
98:Jewish
82:Muslim
1800:(PDF)
1708:Salon
1611:etc.)
1383:Salon
1281:"FAQ"
720:Notes
686:Macau
666:Yemen
616:Syria
602:Sudan
587:Qatar
572:Niger
567:Nepal
547:Malta
537:Libya
502:Japan
482:India
452:Egypt
437:China
412:Benin
100:, or
86:Hindu
40:The "
1947:2007
1903:2007
1883:2007
1863:2007
1839:2007
1808:ISBN
1786:2007
1741:2007
1720:2007
1695:2007
1670:2007
1552:2024
1525:2024
1487:ISBN
1458:ISSN
1421:2011
1395:2011
1364:2018
1319:2007
1293:2011
1267:2011
1237:2011
1211:2011
1180:2011
1127:2007
983:2007
955:2007
943:Time
923:2024
910:ISBN
860:2007
831:ISBN
684:and
577:Oman
542:Mali
527:Laos
492:Iraq
487:Iran
432:Chad
215:and
183:not
56:and
1972:GIS
1448:doi
1255:ANN
1004:260
900:doi
310:and
282:'s
266:of
246:Use
202:GNP
1984::
1933:.
1853:.
1849:.
1825:.
1806:.
1772:.
1706:.
1681:.
1656:.
1542:.
1514:.
1485:.
1456:.
1444:49
1442:.
1438:.
1381:.
1350:.
1253:.
1228:.
1197:.
1166:.
1143:.
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1095:.
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331:.
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1949:.
1924:.
1905:.
1885:.
1865:.
1841:.
1816:.
1788:.
1763:.
1743:.
1722:.
1697:.
1672:.
1558:.
1527:.
1499:.
1464:.
1450::
1423:.
1397:.
1366:.
1321:.
1295:.
1269:.
1239:.
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1129:.
1006:.
985:.
957:.
902::
862:.
612:)
604:(
176:;
20:)
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