17:
502:
515:
33:
161:
that the
Bolsheviks seized control of. Taking advantage of its quarrels with neighboring Armenia, the 11th Army had little difficulty in initially sovietizing Azerbaijan. Although it soon was embroiled in a fierce anti-Soviet insurgency, the army remained poised to advance into the two remaining
137:
epidemics greatly contributed to the misery of the soldiers; during the winter of 1918-1919 fifty thousand men became ill. The sick, the hungry, and the demoralized gave themselves up by the tens of thousands. The Whites captured large stores of weapons and the
Eleventh army ceased to exist."
165:
For the time being, however, the authorities in Moscow ordered the army to stand down while negotiations between Russia and
Armenia were being carried out. In that brief span the Red Army did aid Armenian communists fighting against the Armenian government in the
16:
763:
491:
758:
753:
819:
686:
814:
122:. In January 1919, the front of 200 miles held by the Red troops along the Caucasus foothills and South Russian steppes was cut into two by the White forces in the
788:
778:
768:
60:, which fought on the Caspian-Caucasian Front. It took a prominent part in the sovietization of the three republics of the southern Caucasus in 1920–21, when
809:
783:
773:
484:
307:
as "a purely
Russian army led by Russian commanders and Russian political cadres." In May 1921 the army lost its name and was integrated into the
477:
91:
123:
154:
460:
423:
389:
368:
341:
81:
312:
150:
146:
25:
184:
Having conquered the whole of
Transcaucasia, the 11th Army was dissolved on May 29, 1921 and replaced by the
469:
178:
174:
69:
200:
643:
638:
633:
185:
41:
661:
308:
119:
711:
415:
409:
405:
297:
217:
691:
648:
451:
Broxup, Marie. "The Last
Ghazawat: The 1920-1921 Uprising," cited in John B. Dunlop (1998),
671:
411:
The
Republic of Armenia, Vol. IV: Between Crescent and Sickle - Partition and Sovietization
8:
676:
300:, Sokolov, J.I. Vesnik, Lukin, B.D. Mikhailov, Kvirkeliya, S.S. Eliava and P.I. Kushner.
265:
241:
293:
716:
696:
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613:
608:
603:
598:
593:
583:
510:
456:
419:
385:
364:
337:
99:
95:
57:
736:
731:
578:
573:
568:
563:
558:
553:
548:
543:
538:
271:
259:
90:, which was renamed 11th Army on October 3, 1918, constituted the main army of the
84:(April 1917 - March 1918) dissolved, it did not have a true successor organization.
277:
158:
115:
111:
103:
803:
501:
499:
356:
107:
681:
304:
303:
By 1921, the 11th Red Army is characterized by the modern French historian
289:
226:
209:
514:
130:
745:
706:
232:
61:
157:, as a Soviet republic in May 1920. This was the first country in the
32:
506:
53:
65:
37:
414:. Berkeley, California: University of California Press. p.
216:
196:
The commanders of the Army of the North
Caucasus were :
167:
134:
382:
Red
Advance, White Defeat: Civil War in South Russia 1919-1920
334:
Red Attack, White Resistance; Civil War in South Russia 1918
523:
384:. Washington, DC: New Academia Publishing. pp. 28–29.
142:
126:, which resulted in the panic flight of the 11th Red Army.
21:
453:
Russia Confronts Chechnya: Roots of a Separatist Conflict
336:. Washington, DC: New Academia Publishing. p. 184.
820:
Military units and formations disestablished in 1921
238:Vladimir Kruse (30 November 1918 - 3 January 1919)
815:Military units and formations established in 1918
284:Military decisions were supervised by the Army's
256:J.P. Butyagin (26 September — 19 December 1919),
801:
455:, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, p. 40,
72:were brought within the orbit of Soviet Russia.
253:V.P. Raspopov (14 August — 26 September 1919),
485:
810:Soviet field armies in the Russian Civil War
92:Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic
36:The 11th Red Army marching down a street in
404:
222:The military leaders of the 11th Army were
492:
478:
31:
15:
531:
124:Northern Caucasus Operation (1918–1919)
802:
473:
379:
331:
206:Karl Kalnin (28 May - 2 August 1918),
181:and brought under Bolshevik control.
247:N.A. Żdanow (20 March - 3 June 1919)
155:Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic
141:On 27 April 1920 the 11th Army took
75:
262:(19 December 1919 — 29 March 1920),
13:
373:
280:(19 September 1920 — 29 May 1921).
118:. It was the main strength of the
14:
831:
325:
162:republics, Armenian and Georgia.
102:the 11th Army fought against the
513:
500:
313:North Caucasus Military District
149:collapsed. The Bolsheviks then
702:Red Army of the North Caucasus
445:
432:
398:
350:
274:(26 July — 12 September 1920),
244:(3 January - 13 February 1919)
147:Azerbaijan Democratic Republic
26:Azerbaijan Democratic Republic
1:
318:
250:A. Smirnow (3 - 10 June 1919)
191:
80:Since the Russian Republic's
288:. Its members were in 1921:
177:and in February–March 1921,
120:Caspian-Caucasian Army Group
7:
212:(3 August - 3 October 1918)
173:In September–November 1920
114:in the western part of the
10:
836:
268:(29 March — 12 July 1920),
203:(25 January - 28 May 1918)
201:Alexei Ivanovich Avtonomov
88:Army of the North Caucasus
744:
725:
626:
522:
363:, p. 161. Pegasus Books,
186:Independent Caucasus Army
42:First Republic of Armenia
52:was a field army of the
440:The Republic of Armenia
406:Hovannisian, Richard G.
235:(17 - 30 November 1918)
94:in the area during the
45:
29:
697:Lithuanian-Belarusian
667:Army of Soviet Latvia
380:Kenez, Peter (2004).
361:The Russian Civil War
332:Kenez, Peter (2004).
229:(3 - 27 October 1918)
44:on November 29, 1920.
40:, the capital of the
35:
19:
311:, later part of the
179:Georgia were invaded
764:2nd Special Railway
662:10th Terek-Dagestan
266:Mikhail Levandovsky
242:Mikhail Levandovsky
218:Sergo Ordzhonikidze
170:region of Armenia.
294:Valerian Kuybyshev
106:troops of General
46:
30:
797:
796:
759:2nd Revolutionary
754:1st Revolutionary
657:
656:
622:
621:
511:Russian Civil War
296:, J.P. Butyagin,
100:Russian Civil War
96:Russian Civil War
76:Russian Civil War
58:Russian Civil War
827:
624:
623:
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449:
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298:K.A. Mekhonoshin
272:Matvei Vasilenko
260:Matvei Vasilenko
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309:Caucasian Front
221:
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12:
11:
5:
833:
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677:Crimean Soviet
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541:
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505:Armies of the
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431:
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390:
372:
349:
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286:Council of War
282:
281:
278:Anatoly Gekker
275:
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236:
230:
214:
213:
207:
204:
193:
190:
159:South Caucasus
133:, "The raging
116:North Caucasus
112:Volunteer Army
82:Caucasus Front
77:
74:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
832:
821:
818:
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687:East Siberian
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461:0-521-63619-1
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438:Hovannisian.
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425:0-520-08804-2
421:
417:
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401:
393:
391:9780974493459
387:
383:
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369:1-933648-15-5
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357:Evan Mawdsley
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343:9780974493442
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129:According to
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108:Anton Denikin
105:
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98:. During the
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381:
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333:
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305:Marie Broxup
302:
290:Sergey Kirov
285:
283:
227:Ivan Sorokin
215:
210:Ivan Sorokin
195:
183:
172:
164:
140:
128:
87:
79:
49:
47:
20:Red Army in
672:Azerbaijani
442:, pp. 62–63
151:established
131:Peter Kenez
56:during the
28:in May 1920
804:Categories
319:References
233:Ivan Fedko
192:Commanders
62:Azerbaijan
789:Ukrainian
779:Petrograd
769:Caucasian
712:Turkestan
649:Ukrainian
627:Ukrainian
50:11th Army
784:Siberian
692:Estonian
532:Numbered
507:Red Army
408:(1996).
359:(2007),
54:Red Army
774:Donetsk
726:Cavalry
717:Western
682:Donetsk
509:of the
175:Armenia
70:Georgia
66:Armenia
38:Yerevan
524:Armies
459:
422:
388:
367:
340:
168:Ijevan
135:typhus
68:, and
746:Labor
707:Taman
104:White
457:ISBN
420:ISBN
386:ISBN
365:ISBN
338:ISBN
153:the
145:and
143:Baku
86:The
48:The
22:Baku
737:2nd
732:1st
110:'s
806::
614:16
609:15
604:14
599:13
594:12
589:11
584:10
418:.
416:62
315:.
292:,
188:.
64:,
24:,
644:3
639:2
634:1
579:9
574:8
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559:5
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549:3
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539:1
493:e
486:t
479:v
463:.
428:.
394:.
346:.
220:.
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