150:
3393:
1552:
3523:
1344:
3342:
3421:
3489:
3381:
3369:
3506:
3472:
3540:
3455:
1626:; Riario, Spanish benefices with annual income of 4,000 ducats and the return of a house in the Piazza Navona (which Sforza had occupied) to the children of Count Girolamo. Sanseverino's compensation included Rodrigo Borgia's house in Milan. Cardinals Sclafenati and Domenico della Rovere were to receive abbacies and/or benefices. Cardinals Andicino della Porta and Conti followed Sforza, whom they had originally supported.
3438:
1590:(with annual revenue of 10,000 ducats) and other benefices. Sforza was also reputed to have received four mule-loads of silver (some sources say gold), which Borja ordered to be delivered immediately after the deal was struck. The price of the other cardinals was as follows: Orsini, the fortified towns of
1577:
in
Ferrara: "that by simony and a thousand villanies and indecencies the papacy has been sold, which is a disgraceful and detestable business", adding that he expected Spain and France to withhold their support from the new pontiff. After the conclave, a ubiquitous epigram within Rome was: "Alexander
1629:
The aforementioned cardinals plus Borja's own vote numbered 14, one short of the required two-thirds majority. However, Cardinals Carafa, Costa, Piccolomini, Cibò, and Zeno, followed by Medici, were unwilling to be bribed. Cardinal
Giuliano della Rovere, followed by Basso, was intractably opposed to
1525:
According to the
Florentine Ambassador, one of the guards of the conclave, as of 10 August there had been three unsuccessful ballots, favoring Costa and Carafa, but in no way indicating Borja might be chosen. According to Sigismondo de' Conti, papal secretary and chronicler, the vote was
237:(from 2 to 8), and representatives of powerful Roman noble families (from 2 to 4). With the exception of three curial officials and one pastor, the cardinals were "secularly-minded princes largely unconcerned with the spiritual life of either the Latin church or its members."
287:, having dismantled the furnishings of their palaces as a precaution against the traditional pillaging of the pope-elect's residence by the Roman populace: da Costa, di Campofregoso, Michiel, Piccolomini, Domenico della Rovere, Savelli, and Zeno.
1581:
On 10 August after the third ballot, Ascanio Sforza allegedly came to believe his own ambitions of being elected pope were impossible and became susceptible to Borja's offer: the office of Vice-Chancellor and the associated
1665:
Other historians regard politics as a stronger factor within the conclave than pure simony, with the personal rivalry between
Giuliano della Rovere and Ascanio Sforza (who had met to discuss the upcoming conclave in
1518:
The first ballot ("scrutiny"), held on 8 August was said to have resulted in nine votes for Carafa, seven for Borja, Costa, and
Michiel, and five for Giuliano della Rovere, with Sforza notably receiving zero votes.
197:. The election is notorious for allegations that Borja bought the votes of his electors, promising them lucrative appointments and other material gifts. Concerns about this conclave were among the reasons that
3313:
1366:, the conclave should have begun on 4 August, ten days after the death of Innocent VIII; however, the conclave was delayed to await the slow arrival of the aged Gherardo, bearing a letter from Venice's
1633:
According to
Professor Picotti, who extensively researched the conclave and came to the conclusion that simony had occurred, no accounts of papal income and expenditure exist in the registers of
221:. The cardinals of Sixtus IV, known as the "Sistine Cardinals" and led by Giuliano della Rovere, had controlled the conclave of 1484, electing one of their own, Giambattista Cibo as
2294:
1670:
even before
Innocent VII had died) substituting for the ancient struggle between Naples and Milan, with the intractability between the two parties making Borja a viable candidate.
588:
1400:. Cane sugar. Biscuits. A lump of sugar. A small pair of scales. A hammer. Keys. A spit. A needle case. A writing case with penknife, pen, forceps, reed pens, and pen stand. A
1432:
were filled with compatriots of
Cardinal Borja, and it is believed that they both were chosen by Borja in his capacity as Dean to strengthen his position before the conclave.
1421:
2900:
3512:
1409:
1392:. Twelve little napkins for the same lord and four hand towels. Two little cloths for wiping cups. Carpet. A chest or box for the garments of the lord, his shirts,
1384:
papal master of ceremonies, who presided over the conclave, as well as the previous one in 1484, kept an extensive diary, noting that each cardinal was provided:
1686:
annulling any papal election brought about by simony, and defrocking and excommunicating any cardinal who sold his vote. Although the twenty-six day reign of
2287:
1630:
Borja's election. Thus, the eighty-six-year-old
Gherardo, the Cardinal Patriarch of Venice, who was paid only 5,000 ducats, constituted the deciding vote.
3323:
201:â who was at the time of the election one of the foremost candidates and participants, as Cardinal Giuliano della Rovere â enacted stronger rules against
1694:. While cardinal during the reign of Alexander VI, Julius II had been assailed politically and often militarily outside the sturdy wall of his Castle of
2916:
2280:
1690:
intervened between
Alexander VI and Julius II, the alleged unscrupulousness of the Borgia pope was still firmly in the institutional memory of the
1583:
1320:
348:
252:), had not been published, thus making them ineligible to participate in the conclave; however, both were published as an act of the College in
2779:
2763:
3196:
3180:
3148:
3132:
3116:
3100:
1574:
3228:
3212:
3164:
1362:
979:
3582:
1412:(celebrated by Giuliano della Rovere rather than Borja who as Dean would traditionally have been the celebrant) and then a speech by
1836:
2872:
1647:
bank, which housed much of Borja's wealth, was said to have nearly crashed after the conclave due to the velocity of transactions.
344:
149:
323:
1915:
1895:
413:
209:
reportedly bankrolled 200,000 ducats (plus 100,000 ducats from the Doge of Genoa) for the election of Giuliano della Rovere.
1439:, whichâalthough not extantâis known to have restricted the number of new cardinals which could be created by the new pope.
1388:
A table, a chair, a stool. A seat for the dischargement of the stomach. Two urinals, two small napkins for the table of the
1834:
The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church: Papal elections in the Fifteenth Century: The election of Pope Alexander VI (1492)
3409:
2893:
2238:
Sladen, Douglas Brooke Wheelton, and Bourne, Francis. 1907. The Secrets of the Vatican. Hurst and Blackett Limited, p. 50
936:
1396:, towels for wiping the face and a handkerchief. Four boxes of sweets for provisions. One vessel of sugared pine-seeds.
1370:
urging his acceptance into the College. The cardinals had decided as early as their first meeting on 24 July to use the
270:, which it was believed Innocent VIII had intended for him; Sanseverino was given the poor and undesirable diaconate of
3587:
2205:
1996:
1952:
1874:
1775:
1522:
The second ballot produced nine for Carafa, eight for Borja, seven for Michiel, and five for Giuliano della Rovere.
3461:
434:
1569:
had increased to such an extent that it became possible by bribery to procure the election of such a successor as
1420:, on the "evils afflicting the Church" preceded the beginning of the conclave on 6 August 1492. Another Spaniard,
3602:
3572:
3529:
2865:
2756:
2560:
772:
756:
673:
498:
164:
1530:
on the fourth ballot, taken early in the morning on 11 August although Borja had only 15 votes prior to the
3444:
3065:
3044:
3037:
2960:
2844:
2816:
2795:
2623:
2616:
2595:
2588:
2574:
2539:
2532:
2469:
1720:
1413:
1018:
1221:
3189:
2772:
2546:
2462:
2315:
792:
701:
690:
552:
468:
98:
1643:
to Cardinals Campofregoso, Domenico della Rovere, Sanseverino, and Orsini appeared soon afterwards. The
3592:
3359:
3173:
1623:
1401:
1232:
93:
3293:
2823:
947:
528:
518:
380:
278:
3567:
3345:
3303:
2553:
606:
259:
3597:
3577:
2909:
2830:
2303:
1695:
1146:
There is no evidence that the 4 absent cardinals made an attempt to reach Rome for the conclave.
827:
662:
721:
3283:
1651:
1603:
1534:; other accounts say Borja received all the votes except for his own, which he gave to Carafa.
1389:
1292:
1183:
1083:
841:
458:
267:
206:
1172:
3263:
2031:
1715:
1659:
1539:
1436:
990:
958:
923:
630:
595:
396:
1262:
2693:
1787:
Picotti, Giovanni Battista (1951). "Nuovi Studi e documenti intorno a papa Alessandro VI,"
1499:
1299:
1245:
1105:
545:
541:
245:
226:
8:
3397:
3385:
3221:
3205:
3157:
3141:
3125:
3109:
3093:
3086:
3079:
3072:
3058:
3051:
3030:
3023:
3016:
3009:
3002:
2995:
2988:
2981:
2974:
2967:
2953:
2946:
2939:
2932:
2925:
2886:
2879:
2858:
2851:
2837:
2809:
2802:
2788:
2742:
2735:
2728:
2721:
2714:
2707:
2700:
2686:
2679:
2672:
2665:
2658:
2651:
2644:
2637:
2630:
2609:
2602:
2581:
2567:
2525:
2518:
2511:
2504:
2497:
2490:
2483:
2476:
2455:
2448:
2441:
2434:
2427:
2420:
2413:
2406:
2399:
2392:
2385:
2378:
2371:
2364:
2357:
2350:
2343:
1635:
1503:
1324:
1007:
862:
655:
623:
318:
159:
1833:
3373:
2260:
1738:
1707:
1595:
1587:
1566:
1489:
1315:
1278:
1199:
1116:
853:
811:
780:
740:
339:
271:
222:
179:
3495:
2201:
1992:
1948:
1870:
1771:
1662:, although several otherwise bribable cardinals were hostile to French interference.
1611:
1570:
1555:
1551:
1507:
1485:
1477:
1417:
1255:
1249:
1177:
880:
641:
442:
354:
313:
194:
135:
63:
3478:
1912:
1892:
205:
in 1503, shortly after Alexander VI's death in the same year. In the 1492 conclave,
1747:
1711:
1640:
1591:
816:
785:
732:
488:
43:
1543:, the election of Rodrigo Borja was "almost entirely due to" Giambattisti Orsini.
2025:
1919:
1899:
1840:
1667:
1578:
sells the Keys, the Altar, Christ Himselfâhe has a right to for he bought them."
1377:
1214:
1064:
940:
912:
905:
897:
823:
745:
714:
619:
584:
511:
481:
438:
370:
363:
359:
241:
230:
217:
Of the 23 cardinals participating in the conclave, fourteen had been elevated by
83:
73:
2272:
2247:
1404:
of paper for writing. Red wax. A water jug. Salt cellar. Knives. Spoons. Forks .
2322:
1679:
1607:
1481:
1435:
The remainder of 6 August was consumed by the drafting and subscription to the
1371:
1367:
1348:
1240:
1035:
998:
966:
931:
803:
709:
681:
649:
614:
579:
536:
451:
429:
403:
263:
234:
218:
198:
187:
183:
39:
3561:
3253:
1891:
Source: the respective biographical entries by Miranda, Salvador (1998â2009)
1687:
1655:
1356:
1128:
1091:
901:
869:
563:
109:
1725:
1559:
1463:
1429:
888:
506:
476:
388:
254:
48:
1343:
3273:
1733:
1691:
893:
830:
1754:
1743:
1729:
1683:
1644:
1192:
1133:
1122:
1097:
1072:
1052:
858:
847:
572:
422:
332:
249:
193:
Cardinal Rodrigo Borja was elected unanimously on the fourth ballot as
3546:
1619:
1527:
1428:, was appointed prefect of the Vatican. Two important offices during
1425:
1059:
1026:
749:
3427:
1205:
3368:
2264:
1989:
The Papacy and the Levant, 1204â1571: The 13th & 14th Centuries
1531:
1397:
1284:
1077:
600:
523:
283:
3380:
1865:
Signorotto, Gianvittorio, and Visceglia, Maria Antonietta. 2002.
1615:
1610:
and its environs (with annual revenue of 3,000 ducats); Savelli,
1599:
1381:
972:
446:
3314:
De aliquis mutationibus in normis de electione Romani Pontificis
274:
to ensure that the future pontiff would confirm his assignment.
1467:
1393:
1329:
1304:
1267:
1110:
917:
874:
835:
765:
557:
493:
463:
408:
375:
202:
3403:
2024:
1606:(with annual revenue of 5,000 ducats); Colonna, the abbey of
1226:
1040:
797:
761:
726:
695:
635:
240:
At the time of Innocent VIII's death, the names of Cardinals
1654:
had bankrolled 200,000 ducats (plus 100,000 ducats from the
1288:
1012:
984:
952:
667:
1565:
According to Pastor, 'the corruption during the reign of
229:
had been radically transformed, increasing the number of
1913:
The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church: conclave of 1492
1893:
The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church: conclave of 1492
3357:
1272:
Cardinal-Priest of Ss. Silvestro e Martino ai Monti
1856:. K. Paul, Trench, TrĂźbner & Co., Ltd. p. 416
1757:held a course simulating the 1492 papal conclave.
2302:
281:, at least seven cardinals considered themselves
3559:
1732:as della Rovere, and across several episodes of
1374:for the balloting and assembly of the conclave.
301:
2045:Pastor, The History of the Popes vol V, p. 170
277:According to the account of bishop ambassador
178:(6â11 August) was convened after the death of
2288:
1204:Archpriest of the Sacred College; bishop of
1867:Court and Politics in Papal Rome, 1492â1700
1134:Not published before death of Innocent VIII
859:Not published before death of Innocent VIII
2295:
2281:
2022:
1784:. K. Paul, Trench, TrĂźbner & Co., Ltd.
1100:, member of the ruling family of Florence
1983:
1981:
1979:
1573:The Venetian envoy to Milan informed his
1789:Rivista di storia della Chiesa in Italia
1550:
1546:
1342:
345:Vice-Chancellor of the Holy Roman Church
2147:
2145:
2143:
2141:
2139:
2129:
2127:
2125:
2097:
2095:
2093:
2091:
2089:
2087:
2085:
2057:
2055:
2053:
2051:
1753:For multiple years academic and author
1678:When Giuliano della Rovere was elected
1347:The conclave was the first held in the
324:Cardinal-Bishop of Porto e Santa Rufina
3560:
1976:
1828:
1826:
1824:
1045:Cardinal-Deacon of Ss. Vito e Modesto
2325:(1274–1276, 1294–present)
2276:
2009:
2007:
2005:
1887:
1885:
1883:
1822:
1820:
1818:
1816:
1814:
1812:
1810:
1808:
1806:
1804:
414:Cardinal-Bishop of Ostia and Velletri
393:Vice Dean of the College of Cardinals
266:. Gherardo was assigned the title of
3410:
2136:
2122:
2082:
2048:
2035:. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
1947:. Sterling Publishing Company, Inc.
1939:
1937:
1639:for August 1492, and debts from the
225:. Since 1431 the composition of the
212:
1416:, a Spaniard and the ambassador to
1141:
937:Camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church
13:
2002:
1880:
1801:
14:
3614:
2217:Ady, Cecilia M. 1928. "Review of
2023:Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913).
1934:
1770:. Barnes & Noble Publishing.
1354:As dictated by the prescriptions
258:, Gherardo having been pushed by
182:(25 July 1492). It was the first
3583:15th century in the Papal States
3538:
3521:
3504:
3487:
3470:
3453:
3436:
3419:
3391:
3379:
3367:
3341:
3340:
1766:Chamberlin, Eric Russell. 2003.
1618:; Pallavicini, the bishopric of
1449:Nationality of cardinal electors
1067:, ruling family member of Milan
435:Dean of the College of Cardinals
148:
2253:
2241:
2232:
2211:
2190:
2181:
2172:
2163:
2154:
2113:
2104:
2073:
2064:
2039:
2016:
1832:Burke-Young, Francis A. 1998. "
1967:
1958:
1925:
1911:Miranda, Salvador (1998â2009)
1905:
1869:. Cambridge University Press.
1859:
1846:
1309:Cardinal-Deacon of S. Adriano
1:
2304:Papal elections and conclaves
2187:Chamberlin, 2003, pp. 169â170
2110:Chamberlin, 2003, pp. 170â171
1987:Setton, Kenneth Meyer. 1984.
1760:
1442:
1338:
1195:; published 17 September 1456
959:S. Nicola in Carcere Tulliano
589:bishop of Recanati e Macerata
499:Cardinal-Bishop of Palestrina
335:; published 17 September 1456
16:Election of Pope Alexander VI
1673:
1422:Gonzalo Fernandez de Heredia
1414:Bernardino Lopez de Carvajal
575:; published 12 December 1477
425:; published 22 December 1471
7:
2316:Papal selection before 1059
2198:Julius II: The Warrior Pope
1843:." Retrieved 28 August 2009
691:Giovanni Giacomo Sclafenati
553:Girolamo Basso della Rovere
469:Cardinal-Bishop of Frascati
99:Girolamo Basso della Rovere
10:
3619:
1922:. Retrieved 28 August 2009
1902:. Retrieved 28 August 2009
1624:suburbicarian see of Porto
1586:, the Castle of Nepi, the
1297:
1260:
1219:
1173:Luis Juan del Mila y Borja
1170:
1103:
1070:
1033:
1005:
977:
945:
910:
867:
821:
790:
754:
719:
688:
660:
628:
593:
550:
516:
486:
456:
401:
368:
311:
94:Luis Juan del Mila y Borja
3335:
3294:Romano Pontifici eligendo
3240:
2333:
2310:
2223:English Historical Review
2178:Setton, 1984, pp. 433â434
2119:Pastor, 1902, pp. 382â383
1622:(Pamplona); Michiel, the
1222:Pedro GonzĂĄlez de Mendoza
1166:
1163:
1160:
1157:
1154:
1151:
1055:; published 17 March 1484
948:Giovanni Battista Savelli
529:Cardinal-Bishop of Albano
381:Cardinal-Bishop of Sabina
307:
304:
298:
295:
292:
279:Giovanni Andrea Boccaccio
156:
147:
133:
128:
120:
115:
105:
89:
79:
69:
59:
54:
36:
31:
21:
3588:15th-century Catholicism
3304:Universi Dominici gregis
2219:La giovinezza di Leone X
2200:. Blackwell Publishing.
2160:Chamberlin, 2003, p. 171
2070:Chamberlin, 2003, p. 170
1931:Chamberlin, 2003, p. 169
1795:
1701:
260:Giovanni Battista Orsini
2196:Shaw, Christine. 1993.
1943:Bellonci, Maria. 2003.
1742:of the same year, with
1410:Mass of the Holy Spirit
1233:S. Croce in Gerusalemme
654:Former ruler of Genoa;
3603:Charles VIII of France
3573:15th-century elections
3284:Ingravescentem aetatem
1852:Pastor, Ludwig. 1906.
1780:Pastor, Ludwig. 1902.
1658:) for the election of
1652:Charles VIII of France
1650:Some sources say that
1604:bishopric of Cartagena
1598:, the legation of the
1562:
1418:Ferdinand and Isabella
1406:
1351:
1293:Charles VIII of France
1254:Crown cardinal of the
1121:9 March 1489 (created
846:9 March 1489 (created
793:Antoniotto Pallavicini
459:Giovanni Battista Zeno
268:Santi Nereo e Achilleo
207:Charles VIII of France
3264:Aeterni Patris Filius
2873:OctoberâDecember 1590
2032:Catholic Encyclopedia
1682:in 1503, he issued a
1660:Giuliano della Rovere
1614:and the bishopric of
1554:
1547:Allegations of simony
1540:Catholic Encyclopedia
1437:conclave capitulation
1386:
1346:
870:Francesco Piccolomini
631:Paolo di Campofregoso
596:Domenico della Rovere
404:Giuliano della Rovere
397:Ferdinand I of Naples
110:Francesco Piccolomini
2265:You Are Not So Smart
2169:Pastor, 1902, p. 385
2151:Pastor, 1902, p. 384
2133:Pastor, 1902, p. 383
2101:Setton, 1984, p. 434
2079:Pastor, 1902, p. 382
2061:Setton, 1984, p. 435
2013:Bellonci, 2003, p. 8
1973:Pastor, 1902, p. 381
1964:Bellonci, 2003, p. 6
1854:The History of Popes
1791:, V (1951), 243â247.
1782:The History of Popes
1291:; Crown cardinal of
1246:Archbishop of Toledo
1106:Federico Sanseverino
924:S. Lorenzo in Damaso
842:Ss. Nereo e Achilleo
773:Ss. Giovanni e Paolo
757:Ardicino della Porta
722:Lorenzo Cibò di Mari
546:Afonso V of Portugal
544:; Crown cardinal of
542:Archbishop of Lisbon
227:College of Cardinals
3406:1492 papal conclave
1636:Introitus et Exitus
1458:Number of electors
1451:
1325:Knights Hospitaller
1231:Cardinal-Priest of
1182:Cardinal-Priest of
1115:Cardinal-Deacon of
1084:S. Maria in Domnica
1082:Cardinal-Deacon of
1073:Giovanni de' Medici
1017:Cardinal-Deacon of
1008:Giambattista Orsini
989:Cardinal-Deacon of
971:Former Governor of
957:Cardinal-Deacon of
922:Cardinal-Deacon of
879:Cardinal-Deacon of
863:patriarch of Venice
840:Cardinal-Priest of
802:Cardinal-Priest of
771:Cardinal-Priest of
731:Cardinal-Priest of
700:Cardinal-Priest of
672:Cardinal-Priest of
656:archbishop of Genoa
640:Cardinal-Priest of
624:archbishop of Turin
605:Cardinal-Priest of
562:Cardinal-Priest of
445:, administrator of
347:, Administrator of
319:Kingdom of Valencia
262:and Sanseverino by
176:1492 papal conclave
1918:2018-01-02 at the
1898:2018-01-02 at the
1839:2018-02-14 at the
1588:bishopric of Erlau
1567:Pope Innocent VIII
1563:
1447:
1352:
991:S. Maria in Aquiro
395:Crown cardinal of
385:18 September 1467
223:Pope Innocent VIII
186:to be held in the
180:Pope Innocent VIII
32:Dates and location
3593:Pope Alexander VI
3355:
3354:
2250:, Rotten Tomatoes
1750:as della Rovere.
1612:Civita Castellana
1571:Pope Alexander VI
1556:Pope Alexander VI
1537:According to the
1516:
1515:
1336:
1335:
1300:Pierre d'Aubusson
1256:Catholic Monarchs
1250:Iberian Peninsula
1196:
1139:
1138:
1056:
1023:15 November 1483
928:12 December 1477
706:15 November 1483
678:15 November 1483
611:10 February 1478
576:
533:16 December 1476
503:21 November 1468
473:21 November 1468
443:bishop of Bologna
426:
355:Pope Alexander VI
336:
213:Cardinal electors
195:Pope Alexander VI
172:
171:
27:
3610:
3551:
3543:
3542:
3541:
3534:
3533:from Wikiversity
3526:
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3328:
3324:Normas nonnullas
3318:
3308:
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3288:
3278:
3268:
3258:
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3224:
3215:
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3199:
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2894:MarchâApril 1605
2889:
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2248:Borgia: Season 1
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2215:
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2046:
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2036:
2028:
2020:
2014:
2011:
2000:
1985:
1974:
1971:
1965:
1962:
1956:
1941:
1932:
1929:
1923:
1909:
1903:
1889:
1878:
1863:
1857:
1850:
1844:
1830:
1712:premiere episode
1706:The conclave is
1641:Apostolic Camera
1452:
1446:
1424:, archbishop of
1190:
1188:20 February 1456
1158:Order and title
1149:
1148:
1142:Absent cardinals
1050:
980:Giovanni Colonna
817:Bishop of Orense
786:Bishop of Aleria
748:; archbishop of
570:
568:10 December 1477
489:Giovanni Michiel
420:
418:16 December 1471
330:
328:20 February 1456
299:Order and title
290:
289:
233:(from 3 to 10),
231:cardinal-nephews
152:
97:(substituted by
44:Apostolic Palace
37:6â11 August 1492
26:
19:
18:
3618:
3617:
3613:
3612:
3611:
3609:
3608:
3607:
3568:Papal conclaves
3558:
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3537:
3527:
3522:
3520:
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3505:
3503:
3499:from Wikisource
3493:
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3486:
3476:
3471:
3469:
3459:
3454:
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3442:
3437:
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3431:from Wiktionary
3425:
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3411:sister projects
3408:at Knowledge's
3402:
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2049:
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2017:
2012:
2003:
1986:
1977:
1972:
1968:
1963:
1959:
1945:Lucrezia Borgia
1942:
1935:
1930:
1926:
1920:Wayback Machine
1910:
1906:
1900:Wayback Machine
1890:
1881:
1864:
1860:
1851:
1847:
1841:Wayback Machine
1831:
1802:
1798:
1763:
1704:
1676:
1668:Castel Gandolfo
1549:
1445:
1378:Johann Burchard
1341:
1332:from the Turks
1328:Busy defending
1327:
1263:AndrĂŠ d'Espinay
1253:
1252:since elevation
1248:; Had not left
1215:Cardinal-nephew
1213:
1189:
1184:Ss. IV Coronati
1144:
1065:House of Sforza
1049:
941:Cardinal-nephew
913:Raffaele Riario
906:Cardinal-nephew
898:bishop of Siena
824:Maffeo Gherardo
746:Cardinal-nephew
715:Bishop of Parma
620:Cardinal-nephew
585:Cardinal-nephew
569:
512:Cardinal-nephew
482:Cardinal-nephew
449:
439:Cardinal-nephew
419:
394:
371:Oliviero Carafa
364:House of Borgia
360:Cardinal-nephew
358:
351:
329:
235:crown-cardinals
215:
168:
162:
139:
96:
84:Raffaele Riario
74:Oliviero Carafa
47:
38:
25:
23:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3616:
3606:
3605:
3600:
3598:Pope Julius II
3595:
3590:
3585:
3580:
3578:1492 in Europe
3575:
3570:
3553:
3552:
3535:
3518:
3516:from Wikibooks
3501:
3484:
3482:from Wikiquote
3467:
3450:
3433:
3404:
3401:
3400:
3388:
3376:
3353:
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3350:
3349:
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2883:
2876:
2869:
2866:September 1590
2862:
2855:
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2834:
2827:
2820:
2813:
2806:
2799:
2792:
2785:
2784:
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2769:
2768:
2767:
2757:September 1503
2753:
2746:
2739:
2732:
2725:
2718:
2711:
2704:
2697:
2690:
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2676:
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2634:
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2606:
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2571:
2564:
2561:September 1276
2557:
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2368:
2361:
2354:
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2339:
2337:
2331:
2330:
2328:
2327:
2323:Papal conclave
2319:
2311:
2308:
2307:
2300:
2299:
2292:
2285:
2277:
2270:
2269:
2252:
2240:
2231:
2210:
2189:
2180:
2171:
2162:
2153:
2135:
2121:
2112:
2103:
2081:
2072:
2063:
2047:
2038:
2026:"Orsini"
2015:
2001:
1975:
1966:
1957:
1933:
1924:
1904:
1879:
1858:
1845:
1799:
1797:
1794:
1793:
1792:
1785:
1778:
1762:
1759:
1703:
1700:
1680:Pope Julius II
1675:
1672:
1584:Palazzo Borgia
1548:
1545:
1514:
1513:
1510:
1496:
1495:
1492:
1474:
1473:
1470:
1460:
1459:
1456:
1444:
1441:
1372:Sistine Chapel
1368:Council of Ten
1349:Sistine Chapel
1340:
1337:
1334:
1333:
1318:
1313:
1310:
1307:
1302:
1296:
1295:
1283:Archbishop of
1281:
1276:
1273:
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1243:
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1101:
1094:
1089:
1086:
1080:
1075:
1069:
1068:
1062:
1057:
1046:
1043:
1038:
1036:Ascanio Sforza
1032:
1031:
1029:
1024:
1021:
1019:S. Maria Nuova
1015:
1010:
1004:
1003:
1001:
996:
993:
987:
982:
976:
975:
969:
964:
961:
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944:
943:
934:
929:
926:
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886:
883:
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866:
865:
856:
851:
844:
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833:
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819:
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795:
789:
788:
783:
778:
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769:
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743:
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724:
718:
717:
712:
707:
704:
698:
693:
687:
686:
684:
679:
676:
670:
665:
663:Giovanni Conti
659:
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652:
647:
644:
638:
633:
627:
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617:
612:
609:
603:
598:
592:
591:
582:
577:
566:
560:
555:
549:
548:
539:
534:
531:
526:
521:
519:Jorge da Costa
515:
514:
509:
504:
501:
496:
491:
485:
484:
479:
474:
471:
466:
461:
455:
454:
452:Pope Julius II
432:
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406:
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378:
373:
367:
366:
342:
337:
326:
321:
316:
310:
309:
306:
303:
300:
297:
294:
264:Ascanio Sforza
248:(both created
219:Pope Sixtus IV
214:
211:
199:Pope Julius II
188:Sistine Chapel
184:papal conclave
170:
169:
165:September 1503
163:
157:
154:
153:
145:
144:
131:
130:
126:
125:
122:
118:
117:
113:
112:
107:
103:
102:
91:
87:
86:
81:
77:
76:
71:
67:
66:
61:
57:
56:
52:
51:
40:Sistine Chapel
34:
33:
29:
28:
22:Papal conclave
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3615:
3604:
3601:
3599:
3596:
3594:
3591:
3589:
3586:
3584:
3581:
3579:
3576:
3574:
3571:
3569:
3566:
3565:
3563:
3556:
3550:from Wikidata
3549:
3548:
3536:
3532:
3531:
3519:
3515:
3514:
3502:
3498:
3497:
3485:
3481:
3480:
3468:
3465:from Wikinews
3464:
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3446:
3434:
3430:
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3286:
3285:
3280:
3276:
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3256:
3255:
3254:Ubi periculum
3250:
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3239:
3230:
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3209:
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3123:
3118:
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3102:
3098:
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3056:
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3021:
3018:
3014:
3011:
3007:
3004:
3000:
2997:
2993:
2990:
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2979:
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2962:
2958:
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2934:
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2927:
2923:
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2509:
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2478:
2474:
2471:
2470:December 1187
2467:
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2334:Elections and
2332:
2324:
2320:
2317:
2313:
2312:
2309:
2305:
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2286:
2284:
2279:
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2266:
2262:
2256:
2249:
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2235:
2228:
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2220:
2214:
2207:
2206:0-631-20282-X
2203:
2199:
2193:
2184:
2175:
2166:
2157:
2148:
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2130:
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2126:
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2067:
2058:
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2054:
2052:
2042:
2034:
2033:
2027:
2019:
2010:
2008:
2006:
1998:
1997:0-87169-127-2
1994:
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1961:
1954:
1953:1-84212-616-4
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1776:0-88029-116-8
1773:
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1768:The Bad Popes
1765:
1764:
1758:
1756:
1751:
1749:
1746:as Borja and
1745:
1741:
1740:
1735:
1731:
1728:as Borja and
1727:
1723:
1722:
1717:
1713:
1709:
1708:fictionalized
1699:
1697:
1693:
1689:
1688:Pope Pius III
1685:
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1656:Doge of Genoa
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1357:Ubi periculum
1350:
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1322:
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1316:Innocent VIII
1314:
1312:9 March 1489
1311:
1308:
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1303:
1301:
1298:
1294:
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1286:
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1279:Innocent VIII
1277:
1275:9 March 1489
1274:
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1200:Callixtus III
1198:
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1129:Innocent VIII
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1124:
1120:
1118:
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1088:9 March 1489
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852:
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832:
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815:
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812:Innocent VIII
810:
808:9 March 1489
807:
805:
801:
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781:Innocent VIII
779:
777:9 March 1489
776:
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770:
767:
763:
760:
758:
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741:Innocent VIII
739:
737:9 March 1489
736:
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340:Callixtus III
338:
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327:
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320:
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314:Rodrigo Borja
312:
291:
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136:Rodrigo Borja
132:
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100:
95:
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88:
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82:
78:
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64:Rodrigo Borja
62:
58:
55:Key officials
53:
50:
45:
41:
35:
30:
20:
3555:
3545:
3528:
3511:
3494:
3477:
3460:
3448:from Commons
3443:
3426:
3405:
3398:Vatican City
3386:Christianity
3322:
3312:
3302:
3292:
3282:
3272:
3262:
3252:
3190:October 1978
2773:October 1503
2749:
2547:January 1276
2463:October 1187
2255:
2243:
2234:
2226:
2222:
2218:
2213:
2197:
2192:
2183:
2174:
2165:
2156:
2115:
2106:
2075:
2066:
2041:
2030:
2018:
1988:
1969:
1960:
1944:
1927:
1907:
1866:
1861:
1853:
1848:
1788:
1781:
1767:
1752:
1737:
1726:Jeremy Irons
1719:
1710:in the 2011
1705:
1677:
1664:
1649:
1634:
1632:
1628:
1580:
1564:
1560:Pinturicchio
1538:
1536:
1524:
1521:
1517:
1464:Papal States
1448:
1434:
1430:sede vacante
1407:
1387:
1376:
1361:
1355:
1353:
1321:Grand Master
1209:
1155:Nationality
1145:
1048:6 March 1484
995:15 May 1480
963:15 May 1480
881:S. Eustachio
646:15 May 1480
564:S. Crisogono
352:
296:Nationality
282:
276:
255:sede vacante
253:
239:
216:
192:
175:
173:
142:Alexander VI
141:
140:Name taken:
134:
129:Elected pope
49:Papal States
3428:Definitions
3374:Catholicism
3274:Cum proxime
3174:August 1978
1748:Dejan ÄukiÄ
1734:Tom Fontana
1721:The Borgias
1692:Roman Curia
1237:7 May 1473
894:Protodeacon
804:S. Prassede
607:S. Clemente
272:San Teodoro
246:Sanseverino
106:Protodeacon
90:Protopriest
24:August 1492
3562:Categories
3479:Quotations
3245:(selected)
2824:April 1555
1761:References
1755:Ada Palmer
1744:John Doman
1730:Colm Feore
1645:Spannocchi
1602:, and the
1592:Monticelli
1443:Vote count
1339:Procedures
1193:in pectore
1123:in pectore
1117:S. Teodoro
1111:Neapolitan
1098:Pope Leo X
1078:Florentine
1053:in pectore
875:Neapolitan
848:in pectore
702:S. Cecilia
573:in pectore
524:Portuguese
423:in pectore
376:Neapolitan
333:in pectore
250:in pectore
80:Camerlengo
3530:Resources
3513:Textbooks
3243:documents
3241:Governing
3066:1830â1831
3045:1799â1800
3038:1774â1775
2961:1669â1670
2845:1565â1566
2817:1549â1550
2796:1521â1522
2624:1314â1316
2617:1304â1305
2596:1292â1294
2589:1287â1288
2575:1280â1281
2554:July 1276
2540:1268â1271
2533:1264â1265
2336:conclaves
1674:Aftermath
1620:Pampeluna
1528:unanimous
1426:Tarragona
1363:Ne Romani
1241:Sixtus IV
1227:Castilian
1164:Elevator
1161:Elevated
1060:Sixtus IV
1027:Sixtus IV
999:Sixtus IV
967:Sixtus IV
932:Sixtus IV
900:, future
750:Benevento
710:Sixtus IV
682:Sixtus IV
674:S. Vitale
650:Sixtus IV
615:Sixtus IV
580:Sixtus IV
537:Sixtus IV
430:Sixtus IV
305:Elevator
302:Elevated
3346:Category
3229:electors
3213:electors
3197:electors
3181:electors
3165:electors
3149:electors
3133:electors
3117:electors
3101:electors
2917:electors
2910:May 1605
2901:electors
2831:May 1555
2780:electors
2764:electors
2261:Progress
2229:: p. 627
1999:, p. 433
1916:Archived
1896:Archived
1837:Archived
1716:Showtime
1575:confrère
1532:accessus
1504:Portugal
1500:Florence
1455:Country
1398:Marzipan
1285:Bordeaux
1210:de facto
1191:created
1152:Elector
1051:created
1041:Milanese
836:Venetian
762:Milanese
733:S. Marco
696:Milanese
642:S. Sisto
601:Piedmont
571:created
494:Venetian
464:Venetian
421:created
353:elected
349:Valencia
331:created
293:Elector
284:papabile
242:Gherardo
116:Election
70:Sub-dean
3360:Portals
2208:, p. 84
1877:, p. 17
1724:, with
1718:series
1714:of the
1616:Majorca
1608:Subiaco
1600:Marches
1596:Soriano
1512:1 each
1494:3 each
1472:4 each
1394:rochets
1212:retired
1178:Catalan
1096:Future
973:Bologna
889:Pius II
798:Genoese
727:Genoese
636:Genoese
507:Paul II
477:Paul II
450:Future
447:Avignon
389:Paul II
167: â
158:â
121:Ballots
3327:(2013)
3317:(2007)
3307:(1996)
3297:(1975)
3287:(1970)
3277:(1922)
3267:(1621)
3257:(1274)
2267:, #96.
2204:
1995:
1955:, p. 7
1951:
1873:
1774:
1739:Borgia
1490:Venice
1486:Naples
1468:Savona
1382:German
1380:, the
1330:Rhodes
1305:French
1287:, and
1268:French
1206:LĂŠrida
1167:Notes
918:Savona
828:O.S.B.
766:Novara
558:Savona
409:Savona
308:Notes
203:simony
3496:Texts
3445:Media
1796:Notes
1702:Media
1696:Ostia
1508:Spain
1482:Milan
1478:Genoa
1402:quire
1013:Roman
985:Roman
953:Roman
668:Roman
3547:Data
3462:News
3222:2013
3206:2005
3158:1963
3142:1958
3126:1939
3110:1922
3094:1914
3087:1903
3080:1878
3073:1846
3059:1829
3052:1823
3031:1769
3024:1758
3017:1740
3010:1730
3003:1724
2996:1721
2989:1700
2982:1691
2975:1689
2968:1676
2954:1667
2947:1655
2940:1644
2933:1623
2926:1621
2887:1592
2880:1591
2859:1585
2852:1572
2838:1559
2810:1534
2803:1523
2789:1513
2750:1492
2743:1484
2736:1471
2729:1464
2722:1458
2715:1455
2708:1447
2701:1431
2694:1417
2687:1406
2680:1404
2673:1389
2666:1378
2659:1370
2652:1362
2645:1352
2638:1342
2631:1334
2610:1303
2603:1294
2582:1285
2568:1277
2526:1261
2519:1254
2512:1243
2505:1241
2498:1227
2491:1216
2484:1198
2477:1191
2456:1185
2449:1181
2442:1159
2435:1154
2428:1153
2421:1145
2414:1144
2407:1143
2400:1130
2393:1124
2386:1119
2379:1118
2372:1099
2365:1088
2358:1086
2351:1073
2344:1061
2202:ISBN
1993:ISBN
1949:ISBN
1871:ISBN
1772:ISBN
1684:bull
1594:and
1408:The
1390:lord
1360:and
1289:Lyon
831:Cam.
244:and
174:The
160:1484
60:Dean
2263:",
2221:."
1736:'s
1323:of
3564::
2227:43
2225:.
2138:^
2124:^
2084:^
2050:^
2029:.
2004:^
1991:.
1978:^
1936:^
1882:^
1803:^
1698:.
1506:,
1502:,
1488:,
1484:,
1480:,
1466:,
1208:;
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939:,
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768:)
622:;
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