695:. SimĂłn BolĂvar, aware of the Peruvian advance, intended to meet in Guayaquil with San MartĂn to determine his situation. However, BolĂvar went ahead and entered Guayaquil on July 11 with an army of three thousand soldiers, forcing the resignation of the Governing Board and proclaiming himself dictator. The interview between BolĂvar and San MartĂn took place on July 26, and dealt with other issues with Peruvian disadvantage in claiming Guayaquil territory. Finally, on July 31, 1822, BolĂvar formally decreed the annexation of the occupied Free Province of Guayaquil into Gran Colombia.
170:
22:
84:
244:
196:
478:
542:
on
October 9, 1820, was militarily annexed by Gran Colombia in 1822. As a result of the promulgation of the Territorial Division Law of 1824, it became one of the three departments of the Southern District. Colombian policies strengthened New Granadan centralism, imposed various taxes, and divided
727:
and
Guayaquil were incorporated in 1822. On June 25, 1824, the Senate and the House of Representatives promulgated the Law of Territorial Division of the Republic which divided the Colombian territory into twelve departments grouped into three districts. Each department was subdivided into several
735:
of
Guayaquil, Daule, Babahoyo, Baba, Punta de Santa Elena and Machala, and the province of ManabĂ was divided into the cantons of Portoviejo, Jipijapa, and Montecristi. The cities aspired to regain some control over the rural territory, they had held for much of the Colony and lost during the
578:
to the borders of the department made the
Cabildo of Guayaquil state that it supported a federalist constitutional reform, and temporarily suspended its autonomy, until the formation of a new constituent congress. However, its political autonomy lasted until October 1827, when General
617:(provisional constitution) on November 11 of that year as an independent state, which was not recognized during the war period. The Guayaquil army, known as the Protective Division of Quito, began a military campaign to achieve the independence of the other territories of the former
749:, who was subject to the central executive power and regulated fiscal resources. The population was opposed to direct contributions falling on owners and professionals. The protests raised in various parts of Colombia caused the rate to be replaced in 1826 by the
612:
on
October 9, 1820. A provisional civil and military government was formed, as well as an army to ensure and preserve the independent status against the troops loyal to the Spanish Crown. The Free Province of Guayaquil emerged after the proclamation of the
543:
the departments into several provinces and cantons with their own municipalities. This all undermined the power of the authorities in the departmental capitals and caused unrest in various parts of the country. In addition, the drafting of the
667:
authorities, after the battle of
Pichincha, also made the decision to join the Colombian nation on Sucre's suggestion on May 29. The Free Province of Guayaquil, which had suffered many casualties in its army due to the help given in the
776:
on April 30, 1826. Several
Venezuelan municipalities rebelled in favor of autonomy from the Colombian government, and proclaimed Páez as civil and military chief. This event laid the foundations for the later separation of
823:, with the support of the Guayaquil people, expressed a desire to rebel against the centralist government of Colombia. The protagonists of this feat were the brothers Juan Francisco and Antonio Elizalde, and also Marshal
682:
In the city of
Guayaquil, there were three factions within the population and its authorities; there were those who preferred an annexation to Colombia, while others saw it more favorably for the territory to be part of
148:
872:
Finally, in
September the revolution had been completely quelled, things returned to normal and the province returned to the centralist subjection where it had been before April 16.
640:, merged with the Guayaquil troops, with certain Peruvian and River Plate elements, initiated the so-called Campaign of the South that concluded with the independence victory at the
1004:
Pollack, Aaron (18 de julio de 2016). «De la contribución directa proporcional a la capitación en la
HispanoamĂ©rica republicana: Los lĂmites impuestos por la constituciĂłn fiscal».
459:
797:
was dictator of Peru, a position that was estimated to be close to being replaced by the election of a purely Peruvian government and that would lead to the restoration of the
801:; however, the Peruvian Congress decided to extend the Bolivarian dictatorship on February 10, and a month later, on March 10, it ceased its functions by its own decision.
636:) by sending a division of his army from New Granada to Guayaquil to renew the attack on the royalists entrenched in the Quito mountains. The Colombian army, commanded by
113:
691:
and other members of the Government Board. Its status as the main port on the Pacific coast and its rapid commercial growth made Peruvian claims manifest through General
449:
869:. SimĂłn BolĂvar took advantage of this situation to get the separatist forces to give up their attitude, offering total amnesty to the city and the entire province.
855:
811:
743:
The wars of the Colombian State were supported financially by various taxes and forced contributions. In the municipalities, they opposed the figure of the
740:; however, the creation of the 1824 law established a municipality in each canton head. Several parts of the country were dissatisfied with this provision.
753:, a tax levied on all men between 14 and 60 years of age; This tax was only in force for two years due to the refusal of the general population to pay it.
669:
731:
With the law of 1824, the department of Guayaquil was divided into two provinces: Guayaquil and ManabĂ. The province of Guayaquil was divided into the
118:
975:
Morelli, Federica (1 de julio de 2018). «“Una gran asociación de pueblos”. La rebelión en Guayaquil y su percepción de la Gran Colombia (1827)».
632:
forced a withdrawal back to the coast. SimĂłn BolĂvar wanted to ensure the independence of the newly created Republic of Colombia (known as
506:
1050:
723:. Initially, the Gran Colombian territory included only Venezuela and New Granada, but Panama was incorporated in 1821, while Cuenca,
969:
954:
601:
431:
285:
280:
888:
426:
421:
416:
411:
400:
390:
65:
43:
830:
After the decision by the revolutionaries, the authorities representing the Colombian government, including General
36:
1040:
732:
499:
708:
265:
1045:
1024:
998:
720:
560:
531:. This was one of the first separatist rebellions in the country of Gran Colombia before it dissolved in 1829.
383:
323:
212:
Military intervention by Colombian troops that re-established the constitutional order in the rebel department.
628:, the Protective Division advanced rapidly through the inter-Andean alley towards the north but defeat in the
99:. It may have been generated, in whole or in part, by a computer or by a translator without dual proficiency.
83:
831:
737:
161:
820:
688:
544:
492:
464:
454:
223:
1008:(Sureste, Chiapas: Centro de Investigaciones y Estudios Superiores en AntropologĂa Social) (36): 59-86.
861:
Guayaquil became autonomous again and remained so for three months, until mid-July, 1827, when Marshal
535:
395:
335:
310:
243:
1060:
703:
The Republic of Colombia (historically known as Gran Colombia to differentiate it from the current
30:
687:, and lastly, those who wanted the province to remain independent and autonomous, among whom were
637:
692:
330:
298:
102:
793:
had not consolidated its independence and there were still redoubts loyal to the Spanish Crown.
773:
629:
143:
47:
712:
625:
609:
539:
260:
253:
94:
716:
798:
350:
275:
8:
674:
656:
641:
618:
406:
345:
305:
655:
The intention of the Guayaquil government board was to form a new state from the former
580:
1055:
816:
794:
778:
552:
232:
1020:
994:
965:
950:
866:
556:
862:
824:
564:
340:
169:
270:
835:
660:
567:
as its new mayor. In addition, it proclaimed total autonomy from the Republic.
482:
1034:
839:
633:
528:
363:
201:
139:
892:
715:
in 1819, which drafted the Fundamental Law of the Republic, ratified by the
608:
society, which developed an independence movement that concluded with the
555:
generated much controversy, and a mutiny in the Colombian military. The
764:
768:, also known as the "Morrocoyes revolution", broke out in the city of
851:
745:
605:
584:
663:
decided to annex itself to Gran Colombia on April 11, 1822; and the
575:
769:
750:
704:
850:
Several times that year the Colombian government tried to retake
548:
707:) was formally established with the merger of Venezuela and the
989:
Suárez Fernández, Luis; Hernández Sánchez-Barba, Mario (1992).
724:
664:
571:
570:
The departure of La Mar and sending of Colombian troops from
559:
of Guayaquil endorsed the Bolivian constitution, ignored the
790:
684:
698:
587:
with the Colombian army to restore constitutional order.
949:(Primera ediciĂłn). Quito: CorporaciĂłn Editora Nacional.
174:
Location of the department of Guayaquil in Gran Colombia
604:
that began around 1810 permeated emancipatory ideas in
538:, an unrecognized state that emerged after it declared
1017:
El Departamento del Sur en la Gran Colombia, 1822-1830
945:
Ayala Mora, Enrique (2008). Ayala Mora, Enrique, ed.
977:
Anuario Colombiano de Historia Social y de la Cultura
858:
and Juan José Flores, but no attempt was successful.
679:, decided to remain autonomous from any other state.
728:provinces, and these in turn into several cantons.
960:Hoyos Galarza, Melvin; Avilés Pino, Efrén (2009).
845:
719:on July 12, 1821, under the official name of the
105:. The original article is under "español" in the
1032:
865:had to leave the city for having been appointed
527:, was a rejection of the centralist policies of
1019:(Primera ediciĂłn). Quito: Ediciones Abya-Yala.
192:
964:. Guayaquil: M.I. Municipalidad de Guayaquil.
827:, who was appointed civil and military chief.
595:
500:
784:
647:
889:"Municipalidad de Guayaquil Independencia"
507:
493:
168:
66:Learn how and when to remove this message
721:Constitution of the Republic of Colombia
29:This article includes a list of general
1033:
993:(Segunda ediciĂłn). Madrid: Ed. Rialp.
699:Territorial division of 1824 and taxes
119:Pages needing translation into English
991:Historia general de España y América.
854:, even sending troops under Generals
602:Spanish-American wars of independence
929:
927:
286:Spanish colonization of the Americas
77:
15:
13:
1010:doi:10.12795/araucaria.2016.i36.04
35:it lacks sufficient corresponding
14:
1072:
1051:Military history of Gran Colombia
924:
825:José Domingo de La Mar y Cortázar
804:
615:Reglamento Provisorio de Gobierno
1015:Vela Witt, MarĂa Susana (1999).
912:Suárez Fernández (1992), p. 477.
838:, who later became president of
476:
364:Ecuador as part of Gran Colombia
242:
194:
82:
20:
939:
846:New annexation to Gran Colombia
709:United Provinces of New Granada
984:doi:10.15446/achsc.v45n2.71030
947:Manual de Historia del Ecuador
915:
906:
881:
525:Guayaquil Department rebellion
155:Guayaquil Department rebellion
1:
875:
799:Peruvian constitution of 1823
772:in Venezuela, led by General
756:
590:
891:. 2018-12-08. Archived from
162:Dissolution of Gran Colombia
7:
624:Following a victory in the
610:taking of power in the city
547:and the similar project in
10:
1077:
832:Tomás Cipriano de Mosquera
815:of April 16, 1827, led by
789:By the beginning of 1825,
596:Free Province of Guayaquil
545:Life Constitution for Peru
536:Free Province of Guayaquil
396:Marcist (March) Revolution
336:Free Province of Guayaquil
311:Viceroyalty of New Granada
842:, hastily left the city.
705:republic of the same name
208:
187:
179:
167:
159:
921:Vela Witt (1999), p. 38.
785:Boliviarian Constitution
1041:19th-century rebellions
659:. However, the city of
521:1827 Guayaquil uprising
371:1827 Guayaquil uprising
331:Revolution of October 9
137:
103:enhance the translation
50:more precise citations.
933:Pollack (2016), p. 65.
821:JosĂ© JoaquĂn de Olmedo
812:Departmental Rebellion
689:JosĂ© JoaquĂn de Olmedo
630:first battle of Huachi
561:Constitution of CĂşcuta
450:Ecuador–Peru conflicts
191:Guayaquil department,
149:considered for merging
1046:1827 in Gran Colombia
962:Historia de Guayaquil
713:Congress of Angostura
638:Antonio José de Sucre
626:battle of Camino Real
261:Pre-Columbian Ecuador
781:from Gran Colombia.
583:entered the city of
523:, also known as the
351:Guayaquil Conference
114:this article's entry
657:Presidency of Quito
642:battle of Pichincha
619:Presidency of Quito
460:Demographic history
407:Battle of Guayaquil
384:Republic of Ecuador
346:Battle of Pichincha
324:War of Independence
306:Viceroyalty of Peru
156:
856:José Gabriel Pérez
817:Vicente Rocafuerte
809:In Guayaquil, the
717:Congress of CĂşcuta
693:JosĂ© de San MartĂn
670:Southern Campaigns
483:Ecuador portal
183:April-October 1827
154:
1011:
985:
970:978-9978-92-614-7
955:978-9978-84-355-0
867:President of Peru
774:José Antonio Páez
644:on May 24, 1822.
517:
516:
266:Las Vegas Culture
216:
215:
136:
135:
76:
75:
68:
1068:
1061:1820s in Ecuador
1009:
983:
934:
931:
922:
919:
913:
910:
904:
903:
901:
900:
885:
678:
581:Juan José Flores
563:, and appointed
540:its independence
509:
502:
495:
481:
480:
479:
465:Economic history
455:Military history
299:Colonial Ecuador
281:Spanish conquest
271:Valdivia culture
246:
236:
218:
217:
204:
200:
198:
197:
172:
157:
153:
131:
128:
122:
86:
78:
71:
64:
60:
57:
51:
46:this article by
37:inline citations
24:
23:
16:
1076:
1075:
1071:
1070:
1069:
1067:
1066:
1065:
1031:
1030:
942:
937:
932:
925:
920:
916:
911:
907:
898:
896:
887:
886:
882:
878:
848:
836:Rafael Urdaneta
807:
787:
761:
701:
672:
653:
598:
593:
513:
477:
475:
470:
469:
445:
437:
436:
403:
386:
376:
375:
366:
356:
355:
326:
316:
315:
301:
291:
290:
256:
234:
227:
195:
193:
175:
152:
132:
126:
123:
121:for discussion.
110:
101:Please help to
100:
93:may be a rough
87:
72:
61:
55:
52:
42:Please help to
41:
25:
21:
12:
11:
5:
1074:
1064:
1063:
1058:
1053:
1048:
1043:
1029:
1028:
1013:
1002:
987:
982:(2): 149-174.
973:
958:
941:
938:
936:
935:
923:
914:
905:
879:
877:
874:
863:José de la Mar
847:
844:
806:
805:1827 Rebellion
803:
786:
783:
760:
755:
700:
697:
652:
646:
597:
594:
592:
589:
565:José de la Mar
515:
514:
512:
511:
504:
497:
489:
486:
485:
472:
471:
468:
467:
462:
457:
452:
446:
443:
442:
439:
438:
435:
434:
429:
424:
419:
414:
409:
404:
398:
393:
387:
382:
381:
378:
377:
374:
373:
367:
362:
361:
358:
357:
354:
353:
348:
343:
341:Luz de América
338:
333:
327:
322:
321:
318:
317:
314:
313:
308:
302:
297:
296:
293:
292:
289:
288:
283:
278:
273:
268:
263:
257:
252:
251:
248:
247:
239:
238:
229:
228:
221:
214:
213:
210:
206:
205:
189:
185:
184:
181:
177:
176:
173:
165:
164:
134:
133:
90:
88:
81:
74:
73:
28:
26:
19:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1073:
1062:
1059:
1057:
1054:
1052:
1049:
1047:
1044:
1042:
1039:
1038:
1036:
1026:
1022:
1018:
1014:
1007:
1003:
1000:
996:
992:
988:
981:
978:
974:
971:
967:
963:
959:
956:
952:
948:
944:
943:
930:
928:
918:
909:
895:on 2018-12-08
894:
890:
884:
880:
873:
870:
868:
864:
859:
857:
853:
843:
841:
840:Gran Colombia
837:
833:
828:
826:
822:
818:
814:
813:
802:
800:
796:
795:SimĂłn BolĂvar
792:
782:
780:
775:
771:
767:
766:
759:
754:
752:
748:
747:
741:
739:
734:
729:
726:
722:
718:
714:
710:
706:
696:
694:
690:
686:
680:
676:
671:
666:
662:
658:
650:
649:Manu militari
645:
643:
639:
635:
634:Gran Colombia
631:
627:
622:
620:
616:
611:
607:
603:
588:
586:
582:
577:
573:
568:
566:
562:
558:
554:
553:SimĂłn BolĂvar
550:
546:
541:
537:
532:
530:
529:Gran Colombia
526:
522:
510:
505:
503:
498:
496:
491:
490:
488:
487:
484:
474:
473:
466:
463:
461:
458:
456:
453:
451:
448:
447:
441:
440:
433:
430:
428:
425:
423:
420:
418:
415:
413:
410:
408:
405:
402:
399:
397:
394:
392:
389:
388:
385:
380:
379:
372:
369:
368:
365:
360:
359:
352:
349:
347:
344:
342:
339:
337:
334:
332:
329:
328:
325:
320:
319:
312:
309:
307:
304:
303:
300:
295:
294:
287:
284:
282:
279:
277:
274:
272:
269:
267:
264:
262:
259:
258:
255:
254:Pre-Columbian
250:
249:
245:
241:
240:
237:
231:
230:
225:
220:
219:
211:
207:
203:
202:Gran Colombia
190:
186:
182:
178:
171:
166:
163:
158:
150:
146:
145:
144:Infobox event
141:
130:
120:
116:
115:
108:
104:
98:
96:
91:This article
89:
85:
80:
79:
70:
67:
59:
49:
45:
39:
38:
32:
27:
18:
17:
1016:
1005:
990:
979:
976:
961:
946:
940:Bibliography
917:
908:
897:. Retrieved
893:the original
883:
871:
860:
849:
834:and Colonel
829:
810:
808:
788:
763:
762:
757:
744:
742:
738:Cadiz regime
730:
702:
681:
654:
648:
623:
614:
599:
569:
533:
524:
520:
518:
432:1990–present
370:
160:Part of the
142:
124:
112:
106:
97:from Spanish
92:
62:
53:
34:
673: [
276:Inca Empire
233:History of
138:‹ The
107:"languages"
95:translation
48:introducing
1035:Categories
1025:9978044973
999:8432121126
899:2022-07-05
876:References
765:La Cosiata
758:La Cosiata
746:intendente
651:annexation
591:Background
31:references
1056:Guayaquil
1006:Araucaria
852:Guayaquil
779:Venezuela
606:Guayaquil
585:Guayaquil
427:1960–1990
422:1944–1960
417:1925–1944
412:1895–1925
401:1860–1895
391:1830–1860
147:is being
127:June 2022
56:July 2022
770:Valencia
751:poll tax
224:a series
222:Part of
188:Location
151:. ›
140:template
733:cantons
711:in the
557:Cabildo
549:Bolivia
235:Ecuador
209:Outcome
44:improve
1023:
997:
968:
953:
661:Cuenca
576:Bogotá
444:Topics
226:on the
199:
109:list.
33:, but
725:Quito
677:]
665:Quito
572:Quito
1021:ISBN
995:ISBN
966:ISBN
951:ISBN
819:and
791:Peru
685:Peru
600:The
574:and
534:The
519:The
180:Date
111:See
551:by
117:on
1037::
980:45
926:^
675:es
621:.
1027:.
1012:.
1001:.
986:.
972:.
957:.
902:.
508:e
501:t
494:v
129:)
125:(
69:)
63:(
58:)
54:(
40:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
.svg)
