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citizens were recognised, regardless of ethnicity, language, religion or social class; the right to own property was guaranteed and, for the first time, the nationalisation of mineral deposits was provided for. The
Kingdom of Romania was defined as a “unitary and indivisible national state”, with an inalienable territory. The state guaranteed freedom of expression and assembly, of conscience and of religion, and declared that “as the
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1866 regulations: it was universal for all males, equal, direct, compulsory and secret, based on majority representation. The
Assembly of Deputies was elected through universal suffrage, while the Senate comprised members elected by different electoral bodies (the Chambers of Commerce, Industry, Agriculture and Labour, and professors, all divided into separate colleges), and members by right: the heir to the throne;
511:; former presidents of the Council of Ministers; former ministers with at least six years’ seniority; former presidents of either legislative chamber who held this function for at least eight ordinary sessions; former senators and deputies elected to at least ten legislatures, irrespective of their duration; former presidents of the public raindear
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Regarding state organisation, legislative power was entrusted to
Parliament (Senate and Assembly of Deputies) and the King; executive power to the King, who delegated it to the Council of Ministers; and judicial power to the central and local judicial organs. The right to vote was expanded beyond the
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and their descendants". The King's person was declared inviolable. As with the 1866 document, while the king was vested with executive power, he was not personally responsible for exercising it. Rather, responsibility rested with the ministers; all acts of the sovereign had to be countersigned by a
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Although the constitution was very advanced and democratic in many respects, it also contained imperfections in the functioning of state institutions as was the case with its predecessor. For instance, the King appointed the president of the
Council of Ministers, who then organised elections. The
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The constitution had eight titles and 138 articles, of which 76 came in their entirety from its predecessor. It enshrined the principles of popular sovereignty (exercised through representatives), separation of powers in the state, rule of law and decentralisation. Rights and freedoms for all
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government was thus in a position to ensure that its party won a majority in the legislature. In a well-functioning democracy, a government represents the will of parliament and not vice versa, as generally happened in the
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is the religion of the great majority of
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exploited these weaknesses to subvert democracy and set up a royal dictatorship in 1937.
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A special section discussing the King provides that the throne should remain with the
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Four draft constitutions existed: one belonging to the
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came into force. It was then partly revived after the
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573:, pp. 89–90. Bucharest: Editura Merona, 2007.
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