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building, approximately 5 buildings that were 7 to 9 stories tall and more than 25 buildings that were from 3 to 6 stories tall. Much of the damage arose from seismic ground movement which occurred within 10â15 seconds of the main shock. The majority of the factories and smaller buildings were severely damaged. Many of the houses and small shops were over 40 years old and constructed using a local method called
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450:), in which the timber framed walls are filled with stone and finished with plaster, covered by roofs of unmortared clay tile. The design is very susceptible to earthquake damage. An estimated 53,000 homes in the city were damaged. The water and electrical power networks were severely damaged and more than a week after the earthquake only 10% of the city had any working water service.
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somewhat unaffected. Although
Managua remains Central America's second largest capital and metropolitan area, the bulk of its residents reside in barrios or neighborhoods that are of considerable distance from the city center. Today, in place of the large buildings that used to exist in the center, the government set up the "Plaza de la Fe" (Faith Square) in honor of
397:, near the western coast of Nicaragua, is situated within an active volcanic zone known as the Central American Volcanic Chain. The city has a long history of volcanic and seismic activity which arise from the relative movements of two crustal plates which intersect near the southwestern border of Central America. The
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One of the most significant geological effects of the 1972 Nicaragua earthquake quake was surface faulting. Examination of the fault lines indicated a lateral motion moving in a northeasterly direction and aftershock data has revealed at least one of the faults extends from the surface to a depth of
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It was later claimed that Somoza and his associates had used foreign aid for their own gain. Opposition to the regime, which had begun to surface before the earthquake, increased quickly among the lower classes and even among members of the upper and middle classes fed up with Somoza's corruption.
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The earthquake changed the face of
Managua during its decades of recovery. The city center is no longer clearly defined, as buildings have been constructed away from the city center. During the massive evacuations, the displaced residents set up camp around water resources and areas that remained
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Two-thirds of
Managua's 1,000,000 residents were displaced and faced food shortage and disease, and dry-season winds worsened the problem with fires created by the disaster. Because of the damaging effects of the earthquake, many of the emergency services in the city were operating at a seriously
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The earthquake severely damaged 27 square kilometres (10 sq mi) and destroyed 13 square kilometres (5.0 sq mi) in the city centre. The majority of the buildings in the central business district sustained significant structural damage including a 19-story building, one 15-story
367:). The epicenter was 28 km (17 mi) northeast of the city centre and a depth of about 10 km (6.2 mi). The earthquake caused widespread casualties among Managua's residents: 4,000â11,000 were killed, 20,000 were injured and over 300,000 were left homeless.
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Because of the extent of the damage, the faulty underground terrain, the misappropriation of aid, and the subsequent revolution and 11-year civil war, much of the city centre remained ruined for almost 20 years. Reconstruction only began in earnest in the 1990s.
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lower level than normal. The earthquake destroyed all the fire-fighting equipment available, and fires were prevalent in some areas for several days. All four main hospitals, which before the disaster had 1,650 beds, were unserviceable.
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Another difficulty was that much of the material aid donated was inappropriate for the needs of the affected
Nicaraguans, including such items as winter clothes (Managua's climate is tropical) and frozen TV dinners.
425:. But rather than a simple crustal movement between the two plates the earthquake was believed to have been caused by a shallow adjustment to geological pressure at the southwestern corner of the Caribbean plate.
503:, was the target of criticism and was accused of stockpiling foreign aid which never reached the victims of the earthquake. It was because of these reports that the Puerto Rican baseball star
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S. T. Algermissen; J. W. Dewey; C. J. Langer; W. H. Dillinger (1974), "The
Managua, Nicaragua, earthquake of December 23, 1972: Location, focal mechanism, and intensity distribution",
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and some 25 other countries, worth millions of dollars. Despite this and the magnitude of the devastation, the aid was not distributed well and the ruling
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Within an hour after the main shock, two aftershocks, one of magnitude 5.0 and the other 5.2, occurred at 1:18 a.m. and 1:20 a.m.
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Earthquake
Information Bulletin, SeptemberâOctober 1973, Volume 5, Number 5., Retrieved on June 2, 2008
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chose to personally accompany the fourth of a number of relief flights he had organized. That flight
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Geologic and seismologic aspects of the
Managua, Nicaragua, earthquakes of December 23, 1972
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The
Seismicity of Central America â A Descriptive Catalogue 1898â1995
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The
Guatemalan earthquake of February 4, 1976, a preliminary report
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This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
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ISC-GEM Global Instrumental Earthquake Catalogue (1900â2013)
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indicates earthquake resulting in at least 30 deaths
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on December 31, 1972, killing Clemente among others.
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occurred at 12:29:44 a.m. local time (06:29:44
49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
817:"1972: Earthquake wreaks devastation in Nicaragua"
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738:"Thousands dead as quakes strike Nicaraguan city"
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47:adding citations to reliable sources
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844:(3rd ed.), Charles Scribner's Sons.
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880:Espinosa, A.F, ed. (1976),
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587:1972 Puerto Rico DC-7 crash
577:List of earthquakes in 1972
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58:"1972 Nicaragua earthquake"
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479:An office block damaged
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463:Aftershocks
365:Destructive
320:Destructive
318:MSK-64 IX (
273: /
179: event
1163:Categories
827:2008-06-02
755:2021-08-01
593:References
423:Costa Rica
375:See also:
330:Casualties
209:1972-12-23
168: time
69:newspapers
1105:Nicaragua
1002:Education
750:0362-4331
661:130171159
539:Aftermath
448:talquezal
407:subducted
357:Nicaragua
299:intensity
290:Nicaragua
249:Epicenter
225:Magnitude
862:(1973),
787:Archived
555:See also
471:Response
444:taquezal
305:MMI IX (
220:00:29:44
1184:Managua
970:History
963:Managua
924:and/or
641:Bibcode
509:crashed
387:looters
353:Managua
307:Violent
261:86°13â˛W
258:12°11â˛N
207: (
154:Managua
83:scholar
1099:Ruisui
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429:Damage
419:Mexico
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399:Cocos
241:Depth
189:USGS-
90:JSTOR
76:books
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794:USGS
746:ISSN
694:ISBN
546:Pope
491:and
446:(or
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297:Max.
228:6.3
191:ANSS
62:news
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