141:
489:
laws and comply with the standards of socialist society as determined by the Party. The government did not treat as inalienable those political and socioeconomic rights the
Constitution granted to the people. Citizens enjoyed rights only when the exercise of those rights did not interfere with the interests of the state, and the CPSU alone had the power and authority to determine policies for the government and society. For example, the right to freedom of expression stipulated in Article 52 could be suspended if the exercise of that freedom failed to be in accord with Party policies. Until the era of
421:
commissions, and other bodies in the 1936 constitution) in separate, but equally authoritative, enabling legislation, such as the Law on the
Council of Ministers of 5 July 1978. Other enabling legislation has included a law on citizenship, a law on elections to the Supreme Soviet, a law on the status of Supreme Soviet deputies, regulations for the Supreme Soviet, a resolution on commissions, regulations on local government, and laws on the Supreme Court and the Procuracy. The enabling legislation provided the specific and changing operating rules for these government bodies.
2211:
529:" and provided punishment for it. The Constitution also obliged citizens to protect socialist property and oppose corruption. All citizens performed military service as a duty to safeguard and "enhance the power and prestige of the Soviet state." Violation of this duty was considered "a betrayal of the Motherland and the gravest of crimes". Finally, the Constitution required parents to train their children for socially useful work and to raise them to be worthy members of the socialist society.
434:, they were unprecedented in many respects. The position of chairman of the Supreme Soviet was formally designated and given specific powers, particularly leadership over the legislative agenda, the ability to issue orders (rasporiazheniia), and formal power to conduct negotiations and sign treaties with foreign governments and international organizations. Later still, the chairman of the Supreme Soviet's non-legislative powers would be transferred to the newly created office of
2223:
35:
397:
620:
409:
congress itself; the
Supreme Soviet, acting through its commissions and committees; the Presidium or chairman of the Supreme Soviet; the Constitutional Oversight Committee; the Council of Ministers; republic soviets; the Committee of People's Control; the Supreme Court; the Procuracy; and the chief state arbiter. In addition, the governing bodies of official organizations and even the
540:, which could reject the application if the applicant had not completed military service, had judicial duties, or was responsible for family dependants. In addition, the Presidium could refuse the application to protect national security, or revoke citizenship for defamation of the Soviet Union or for acts damaging to national prestige or security.
488:
the power to lead and guide society. Article 39 enabled the government to prohibit any activities it considered detrimental by stating that "Enjoyment of the rights and freedoms of citizens must not be to the detriment of the interests of society or the state." Article 59 obliged citizens to obey the
446:
and normative acts of the central and republican governments and to suggest their suspension and repeal. The electoral process was constitutionally opened up to multiple candidacies, although not multi-party candidacies. A legislative body—the
Supreme Soviet—was to convene for regular spring and fall
416:
The principal source of uncensored information and comment in the USSR noted in August 1977 that the proposed
Constitution "has given rise to a number of letters containing serious comments and well-argued proposals. Although these letters were sent to the Constitution Commission, not one of them was
408:
Adoption of the
Constitution was a legislative act of the Supreme Soviet. Amendments to the Constitution were likewise adopted by legislative act of that body. Amendments required the approval of a two-thirds majority of the deputies of the Congress of People's Deputies and could be initiated by the
524:
Article 59 of the
Constitution stated that citizens' exercise of their rights was inseparable from performance of their duties. Articles 60 through 69 defined these duties. Citizens were required to work and to observe labor discipline. The legal code declared evasion of work to be a crime of
420:
Soviet constitutions were frequently amended and had been changed more often than the constitutions of most
Western countries. Nevertheless, the 1977 Constitution attempted to avoid frequent amendment by establishing regulations for government bodies (especially the lists of ministries, state
475:
ideology of the government, the
Constitution also granted social and economic rights not provided by constitutions in some capitalist countries. Among these were the rights to work, rest and leisure, health protection, care in old age and sickness, housing, education, and cultural benefits.
429:
In
October 1988, draft amendments and additions to the 1977 Constitution were published in the Soviet media for public discussion. Following the public review process, the Supreme Soviet adopted the amendments and additions in December 1988. The amendments and additions substantially and
502:
The Constitution also failed to provide political and judicial mechanisms for the protection of rights. Thus, the Constitution lacked explicit guarantees protecting the rights of the people. In fact, the Supreme Soviet never introduced amendments specifically designed to protect
536:. Legislation on citizenship granted equal rights of citizenship to naturalized citizens as well as to the native born. Laws also specified that citizens could not freely renounce their citizenship. Citizens were required to apply for permission to do so from the
516:), which mandated that internationally recognized human rights be respected in the signatory countries, yet it was not until the late 1980s that realigning constitutional and domestic law with international commitments on human rights was publicly debated.
511:
with the power to ensure that constitutional rights were observed by legislation or were respected by the rest of the government. The Soviet Union also signed the Final Act of the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe
447:
sessions, each lasting three to four months. Unlike the old Supreme Soviet, however, the new Supreme Soviet was indirectly elected by the population, being elected from among the members of the Congress of People's Deputies.
332:
The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics is a socialist state of the whole people, expressing the will and interests of the workers, peasants, and intelligentsia, the working people of all the nations and nationalities of the
430:
fundamentally changed the electoral and political systems. Although Soviet officials touted the changes as a return to "Leninist" forms and functions, citing that the Congress of People's Deputies had antecedents in the
479:
Unlike Western constitutions, the Soviet Constitution outlined limitations on political rights, whereas in capitalist countries these limitations are usually left up to the legislative and/or judicial institutions.
495:, freedom of expression did not entail the right to criticize the government. The constitution did provide a "freedom of conscience, that is, the right to profess or not to profess any religion, and to conduct
2481:
2476:
2471:
2466:
2461:
417:
even mentioned in the Soviet newspapers or official media," : it is quite possible that, like the letters department of all major Soviet periodicals, some note was privately taken of these views.
357:
to Supreme Soviet, the laws of the Supreme Soviet would supersede any legal difference, but the Union law which regulated the secession was not provided until the last days of the Soviet Union.
349:. Later chapters established principles for economic management and cultural relations. The 1977 Constitution included Article 72, which granted the official right of constituent republics to
372:
The territory of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics is a single entity and comprises the territories of the Union Republics. The sovereignty of the USSR extends throughout its territory.
712:
364:
The laws of the USSR shall have the same force in all Union Republics. In the event of a discrepancy between a Union Republic law and an All-Union law, the law of the USSR shall prevail.
337:
The 1977 Constitution was long and detailed, including twenty-eight more articles than the 1936 Soviet Constitution and explicitly defined the division of responsibilities between the
1130:
471:. In addition, the Constitution provided for freedom of artistic work, protection of the family, inviolability of the person and home, and the right to privacy. In line with the
970:
958:
2819:
2829:
1534:
1517:
1564:
507:. Neither did the people have a higher authority within the government to which to appeal when their rights were violated. Unlike in a democratic system, there was no
1507:
2027:
1527:
52:
2384:
564:
1553:
1522:
439:
1512:
1464:
927:
1761:
861:
740:
99:
2525:
71:
817:
On the Draft Constitution (Fundamental Law) of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and the Results of the Nationwide Discussion of the Draft
353:
from the Soviet Union promised in previous constitutions. However, Articles 74 and 75 stated that when a Soviet constituency introduced laws in
684:
1459:
1072:
1032:
1027:
410:
78:
777:
1125:
2409:
2276:
1644:
1614:
2877:
2394:
2344:
2319:
1901:
1861:
1771:
1582:
1098:
657:
85:
937:
752:
569:
2284:
1889:
1784:
1656:
1442:
346:
2427:
2259:
1794:
1711:
1604:
901:
17:
67:
2733:
1734:
1541:
1408:
2897:
2852:
2304:
1432:
1277:
1037:
1020:
338:
987:
1919:
1420:
1386:
1369:
1260:
965:
953:
854:
694:
667:
309:
274:
1846:
2837:
1956:
1724:
559:
481:
2847:
2842:
2689:
1836:
1502:
1449:
1437:
485:
317:
313:
278:
1884:
1879:
1599:
1547:
1010:
932:
266:
190:
148:
2882:
2136:
2087:
2020:
1831:
1559:
1161:
1065:
118:
2166:
2154:
1978:
1968:
1924:
1739:
1415:
1364:
1247:
847:
92:
2771:
2171:
2159:
2015:
2000:
1914:
1816:
1398:
1218:
537:
377:
293:
220:
2766:
2756:
2746:
2112:
2092:
1789:
1403:
1228:
1156:
297:
56:
2761:
2751:
2741:
2575:
2550:
2309:
2183:
2010:
1874:
1826:
1587:
1381:
1255:
1238:
435:
308:
alone. The 1977 Constitution extended the scope of the constitutional regulation of society compared to the
2442:
2369:
2364:
2252:
1779:
1454:
1349:
1150:
1058:
982:
911:
778:"Discussion of the draft Constitution (concluded)", Chronicle of Current Events, 47.16-2, 30 November 1977
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2289:
2060:
2042:
1808:
1666:
1627:
1594:
1284:
1272:
1188:
1090:
743:(Original Source: Ведомости Съезда народных депутатов СССР и Верховного Совета СССР, 1990, № 15, ст. 252)
629:
526:
455:
The Soviet Constitution included a series of civil and political rights. Among these were the rights to
2055:
2032:
2005:
140:
2399:
2097:
2070:
1973:
635:
2065:
2178:
554:
549:
384:
adopted new constitutions. Article 72 would play an important role in the dissolution despite the
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2245:
1427:
810:
45:
499:
or atheistic propaganda." It prohibited incitement of hatred or hostility on religious grounds.
2630:
2107:
1699:
1637:
1015:
815:
388:
in the Soviet law, which was eventually filled under the pressure from the Republics in 1990.
2374:
2226:
1198:
484:
effectively eliminated partisan opposition and division within government by granting to the
282:
823:
2887:
2723:
2510:
2437:
2379:
2354:
1988:
1851:
1671:
1469:
1183:
1005:
508:
460:
2075:
8:
2655:
2645:
2215:
1944:
1749:
1678:
1486:
1335:
1213:
1135:
1108:
888:
716:
468:
464:
431:
2635:
2560:
2082:
1993:
1310:
1223:
1113:
1103:
753:"Draft Constitution August 1977", Chronicle of Current Events, 46.18-1 (15 August 1977)
381:
320:(CPSU) and established the organizational principles for the state and the government.
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906:
690:
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265:, adopted unanimously at the 7th (Special) Session of the Ninth Convocation of the
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2625:
2620:
2615:
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2555:
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2102:
1315:
1267:
1173:
443:
438:. The Constitutional Oversight Committee, composed of people who were not in the
325:
270:
200:
766:
Whistle-blowing in the Soviet Union: Complaints and Abuses under State Socialism
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2122:
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1330:
1320:
401:
207:
729:
2871:
2718:
2640:
2495:
2490:
2299:
1983:
793:
624:
354:
794:
Full Text and All Subsequent Laws Amending the 1977 Constitution of the USSR
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1687:
1081:
870:
659:
Constitutional Development in the USSR: A Guide to the Soviet Constitutions
504:
385:
262:
258:
180:
839:
641:
168:
Constitution (Fundamental Law) of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
2698:
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1729:
1691:
1683:
1305:
1289:
1203:
1145:
800:
Constitution (Fundamental Law) of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
533:
300:
has become the state of the whole people" and no longer represented the
1719:
159:
2329:
1050:
1939:
1934:
1756:
1649:
1479:
1140:
532:
The Constitution and other legislation protected and enforced Soviet
350:
301:
2237:
34:
1929:
1474:
1208:
1168:
491:
289:
1821:
1325:
623:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
565:
Bibliography of the Post Stalinist Soviet Union § Government
305:
396:
874:
342:
230:
1744:
1622:
603:
Konstitutsiya Soyuza Sovetskikh Sotsialisticheskikh Respublik
404:
from 1977 celebrating the adoption of the 1977 Constitution.
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1632:
1841:
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804:
244:
Constitution of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
595:Конституция Союза Советских Социалистических Республик
424:
312:
and 1936 constitutions. The first chapter defined the
601:
59:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
811:English text of the 1977 Constitution of the USSR
413:could initiate amendments and other legislation.
2869:
1930:Lenin All-Union Academy of Agricultural Sciences
731:Full Text of the 1977 Soviet Union Constitution
2253:
1066:
938:Act on the establishment of the supreme power
855:
682:
574:, Nos 46 & 47, August & November 1977
807:of the English text of the 1977 Constitution
686:Encyclopedia of Contemporary Russian Culture
442:, was established and given formal power to
376:The 1977 Constitution was repealed upon the
869:
2395:Death and state funeral of Leonid Brezhnev
2260:
2246:
1073:
1059:
862:
848:
285:was shifted from 5 December to 7 October.
249:The 1977 Constitution, also known as the
119:Learn how and when to remove this message
450:
395:
269:and signed by Chairman of the Presidium
1080:
68:"1977 Constitution of the Soviet Union"
14:
2870:
1099:Index of Soviet Union–related articles
519:
2267:
2241:
1054:
843:
825:The Soviet Constitution: A Dictionary
655:
469:right to religious belief and worship
328:, as did all previous constitutions:
273:. The 1977 Constitution replaced the
240:1977 Constitution of the Soviet Union
134:1977 Constitution of the Soviet Union
708:
706:
570:"Discussion of Draft Constitution",
560:Article 6 of the Soviet Constitution
444:review the constitutionality of laws
391:
57:adding citations to reliable sources
28:
2385:Reaction to 1980–1981 Polish crisis
425:Amendments to the 1977 Constitution
318:Communist Party of the Soviet Union
255:Constitution of Developed Socialism
24:
933:Soviet Russia Constitution of 1918
928:Decree on the system of government
191:Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union
149:Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union
25:
2909:
2878:Constitutions of the Soviet Union
2428:1983 false nuclear alarm incident
787:
703:
246:, was adopted on 7 October 1977.
2222:
2221:
2209:
833:The New Constitution of the USSR
618:
139:
33:
538:Presidium of the Supreme Soviet
378:dissolution of the Soviet Union
294:dictatorship of the proletariat
44:needs additional citations for
2320:Brezhnev assassination attempt
912:Fundamental Laws of the Empire
836:, 1987 Soviet text in English.
828:, 1986 Soviet text in English.
771:
758:
746:
741:Law on Secession from the USSR
734:
723:
676:
656:Unger, Aryeh L. (1981-01-01).
649:
587:
13:
1:
2898:October 1977 events in Europe
2310:1968 Red Square demonstration
1762:Political abuse of psychiatry
1554:Congress of People's Deputies
612:
440:Congress of People's Deputies
292:stated that "the aims of the
2443:1984 Summer Olympics boycott
2365:1978 Georgian demonstrations
983:Russian Constitution of 1978
971:Russian Constitution of 1937
959:Russian Constitution of 1925
902:Loris-Melikov's constitution
683:Smorodinskaya (2013-10-28).
380:on 26 December 1991 and the
7:
2423:Korean Air Lines Flight 007
2325:Sino-Soviet border conflict
2290:Glassboro Summit Conference
1925:Academy of Medical Sciences
768:, Palgrave Macmillan, 1985.
602:
572:Chronicle of Current Events
543:
345:and the governments of the
296:having been fulfilled, the
10:
2914:
2305:Invasion of Czechoslovakia
689:. Routledge. p. 250.
257:, was the third and final
2828:
2787:
2780:
2732:
2688:
2456:
2408:
2400:Legacy of Leonid Brezhnev
2275:
2203:
2147:
2121:
2041:
1964:
1955:
1900:
1807:
1770:
1710:
1613:
1575:
1495:
1357:
1348:
1298:
1246:
1237:
1089:
998:
978:USSR Constitution of 1977
966:USSR Constitution of 1936
954:USSR Constitution of 1924
946:
920:
881:
636:Federal Research Division
594:
226:
216:
206:
196:
186:
176:
154:
147:
138:
133:
2883:1977 in the Soviet Union
2370:Cambodian–Vietnamese War
2360:1977 Soviet constitution
662:. Methuen. p. 197.
580:
555:1936 Soviet Constitution
550:1924 Soviet Constitution
288:The 1977 Constitution's
18:1977 Soviet Constitution
2216:Soviet Union portal
2108:Stalinist architecture
1862:Science and technology
1772:Ideological repression
1700:Soviet Airborne Forces
1638:Destruction battalions
405:
374:
366:
335:
324:defines the USSR as a
2285:Collective leadership
1890:List of metro systems
1443:Collective leadership
1011:Constitutional crisis
451:Constitutional rights
399:
367:
359:
330:
283:USSR Constitution Day
279:Soviet public holiday
251:Brezhnev Constitution
2724:Konstantin Chernenko
2438:Uzbek cotton scandal
2380:1980 Summer Olympics
2355:1977 Moscow bombings
1852:Net material product
1795:Censorship of images
1712:Political repression
1672:Soviet Border Troops
1605:First Deputy Premier
1189:1965 economic reform
1184:Soviet space program
1016:Constitution of 1993
1006:Treaty of Federation
509:constitutional court
461:freedom of the press
53:improve this article
1920:Academy of Sciences
1735:Population transfer
1679:Soviet Armed Forces
1542:Congress of Soviets
1523:Presidium/Politburo
1487:Soviet anti-Zionism
1336:West Siberian Plain
1214:Revolutions of 1989
1151:Great Patriotic War
1136:New Economic Policy
717:The Washington Post
520:Role of the citizen
465:freedom of assembly
432:Congress of Soviets
411:Academy of Sciences
2410:Events (1982–1985)
2345:Vladivostok Summit
2277:Events (1964–1982)
1565:Military Collegium
1433:Capital punishment
1311:Caucasus Mountains
1224:Post-Soviet states
1104:Russian Revolution
820:by Leonid Brezhnev
764:Nicholas Lampert,
406:
382:post-Soviet states
339:Central Government
177:Territorial extent
2865:
2864:
2861:
2860:
2457:Politburo members
2375:Soviet–Afghan War
2315:Brezhnev Doctrine
2269:Era of Stagnation
2235:
2234:
2199:
2198:
2191:Hammer and sickle
2133:and their groups
2131:Soviet dissidents
1910:Communist Academy
1827:Economic planning
1803:
1802:
1696:Soviet Air Forces
1615:Security services
1535:General Secretary
1518:Central Committee
1460:Political parties
1392:Brezhnev Doctrine
1387:Foreign relations
1344:
1343:
1285:Autonomous okrugs
1199:Soviet–Afghan War
1179:Sino-Soviet split
1121:Russian Civil War
1048:
1047:
907:October Manifesto
696:978-1-136-78785-0
669:978-0-416-71680-1
600:
497:religious worship
457:freedom of speech
392:Amendment process
275:1936 Constitution
242:, officially the
236:
235:
129:
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16:(Redirected from
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2781:National economy
2448:Friendship Games
2350:Helsinki Accords
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2224:
2214:
2213:
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1962:
1961:
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1725:Collectivization
1470:Marxism–Leninism
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714:by Paul Fisher,
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514:Helsinki Accords
473:Marxist-Leninist
221:26 December 1991
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2830:Five-year plans
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2335:1973 oil crisis
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1951:
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1842:Internet domain
1837:Five-year plans
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1503:Communist Party
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1450:Passport system
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1316:European Russia
1294:
1233:
1174:Khrushchev Thaw
1153:(World War II)
1131:Creation treaty
1085:
1079:
1049:
1044:
1033:2020 amendments
1028:2008 amendments
999:Post-Soviet era
994:
942:
916:
896:Russian Justice
877:
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631:Country Studies
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326:socialist state
271:Leonid Brezhnev
201:Leonid Brezhnev
187:Enacted by
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62:
60:
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38:
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2893:1977 documents
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2767:Tikhonov's 1st
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70: –
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64:Find sources:
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42:This article
40:
36:
31:
30:
27:
19:
2646:Shevardnadze
2631:Shcherbytsky
2359:
2207:
1979:Demographics
1969:Antisemitism
1822:Central Bank
1740:Forced labor
1688:Spetsnaz GRU
1508:organisation
1416:Human rights
1374:
1365:Constitution
1248:Subdivisions
1126:Russian SFSR
1082:Soviet Union
977:
895:
882:Imperial era
832:
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773:
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642:Soviet Union
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505:human rights
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314:leading role
298:Soviet state
287:
263:Soviet Union
259:constitution
254:
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243:
239:
237:
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181:Soviet Union
158:
115:
106:
96:
89:
82:
75:
63:
51:Please help
46:verification
43:
26:
2888:1977 in law
2734:Governments
2656:Solomentsev
2596:Mzhavanadze
2295:Six-Day War
2083:Phraseology
2028:Prohibition
2016:Linguistics
2001:Drug policy
1994:1989 census
1915:Cybernetics
1817:Agriculture
1730:Great Purge
1692:Soviet Navy
1684:Soviet Army
1556:(1989–1991)
1550:(1938–1991)
1544:(1922–1936)
1528:Secretariat
1399:Gun control
1306:Caspian Sea
1290:Closed city
1219:Dissolution
1204:Perestroika
1146:Great Purge
534:citizenship
370:Article 75.
362:Article 74.
2872:Categories
2681:Vorotnikov
2123:Opposition
2113:Television
2093:Propaganda
2066:Literature
1940:Naukograds
1935:Sharashkas
1869:(currency)
1847:Inventions
1790:Censorship
1720:Red Terror
1404:Government
1278:Autonomous
1261:Autonomous
1194:Stagnation
1157:Evacuation
1038:referendum
1021:referendum
988:amendments
947:Soviet era
921:Revolution
889:Conditions
613:References
527:parasitism
160:Long title
109:March 2019
79:newspapers
2853:11th plan
2848:10th plan
2616:Ponomarev
2611:Polyansky
2576:Kuznetsov
2551:Kirilenko
2531:Gorbachev
2511:Chernenko
2506:Chebrikov
2184:Republics
2172:Republics
2160:Republics
2011:Languages
1875:Transport
1757:Holodomor
1650:Militsiya
1588:President
1480:Stalinism
1382:Elections
1256:Republics
1239:Geography
1229:Nostalgia
1141:Stalinism
894:Pestel's
593:Russian:
482:Article 6
436:President
347:republics
322:Article 1
208:Effective
2843:9th plan
2838:8th plan
2713:Podgorny
2703:Brezhnev
2666:Tikhonov
2651:Shvernik
2636:Shelepin
2621:Rashidov
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691:ISBN
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