643:. Paradoxically, the hijackers released a statement, claiming, "We do not have any enmity toward anyone and we do not intend to deny the freedom of anyone or to frighten anyone...." On the sixth day of the drama, Iranian security forces stormed the plane and released the remaining hostages. Authorities said they would be brought to trial, but the hijackers were released and allowed to leave the country. Some passengers and officials suggested complicity by Iran in the hijacking and that the hostage rescue had been staged. One Kuwaiti and two Pakistani passengers claimed that the hijackers received additional weapons and equipment once the plane had landed, including handcuffs and nylon ropes used to tie passengers to their seats. One American official wondered if the surrender was not preplanned: "You do not invite cleaners aboard an airplane after you have planted explosives, promised to blow up the plane, and read your last will and testament."
327:. Between 1983 and 1984, Kuwait provided $ 7 billion in financial assistance and was second to Saudi Arabia in aiding Iraq, Massive destruction and loss of life in Kuwait would also have provided an example to the other oil-rich, population-poor, Arab monarchies of the Persian Gulf, also helping Iraq against its larger, non-Arab, anti-monarchist revolutionary Islamic neighbor. In 1985, the
294:
were reported at the time to be involved in the bombing. Shortly after the blasts, Islamic Jihad called
Kuwaiti authorities to take responsibility for the blast. The claim was taken seriously after the callers' boast that there was a "seventh bomb" was verified by the discovery of a car bomb in front
504:
was subjected to an assassination attempt when a gunman opened fire on him outside his offices. He was shot six times, and was rushed to the nearby Al-Razi
Hospital by his driver, seriously injured. An organization under the name Arab Revolutionary Brigades claimed responsibility. It was suspected
403:
Christian
Joubert, were held by Shia radicals demanding the release of the al-Dawa terrorists as the price of the hostages' release. On 27 March 1984, following the conviction of the al-Da'wa defendants, the hostage takers threatened to kill their hostages if the Kuwaiti government carried through
243:
on a truck carrying 200 cylinders exploded 150 meters from the No. 2 refinery and only a few meters from a highly flammable heap of sulfa-based chemicals. Had that bombing been successful, it would have crippled the oil production of one of the world's major oil exporters and shut down most of the
517:
By May 1985, Islamic Jihad had accumulated six hostages in
Lebanon, four Americans and two French, and on 16 May, it released photos of them promising a "horrible disaster" if the jailed terrorists in Kuwait were not released. On 25 May 1985, a suicide car bomber attacked the motorcade of Kuwaiti
302:
member of Dawa. Ultimately, 21 other defendants were put on trial (17 captured in a nationwide manhunt and 4 tried in absentia). After a six-week trial, six were sentenced to death (three of those were in absentia), seven to life imprisonment, seven to terms between five and fifteen years. One of
486:
Because Iraq had become landlocked during the course of the Iran-Iraq War, they had to rely on Kuwait to transport their oil. In 1984, Iran started attacking
Kuwaiti tankers carrying Iraqi oil from Kuwait. Iran also began attacking Kuwaiti ships (unrelated to Iraq). Iranian speedboat attacks on
577:
to protect the terminal. In
December 1987, another Iranian Silkworm was fired at the terminal, but it struck a decoy barge instead. Prior to these attacks the missile's range was thought to be less than 80 kilometres (50 mi), but these attacks proved that the range exceeded 100 kilometres
439:
after Iran failed to infiltrate the Iraqi front." Kuwait was threatened with further attacks if the defendants were not released, with Tehran Radio regularly broadcasting warnings from Dawa that Kuwait would face "serious consequences" if the "heroes" standing trial were harmed.
722:, it is the longest skyjacking to date. Two passengers, Abdullah Khalidi, 25, and Khalid Ayoub Bandar, 20, both Kuwaitis, were shot dead by the hijackers and dumped on the tarmac in Cyprus. Kuwait did not release the 17 prisoners, and the hijackers were allowed to leave Algiers.
556:
In
January 1987, a bomb exploded in a shopping district on the eve of the Organization of Islamic Conference meeting. In July 1987, car bombs exploded in a fashionable shopping district, killing two people and blowing the facades off several stores.
227:
Five other explosions were attempted within an hour. An hour later, a car parked outside the French embassy blew up, leaving a massive 30 ft hole in the embassy security wall. No one was killed, and only five people were wounded.
334:
Americans and the French are thought to have been targets in Kuwait because of their assistance to Iraq and lack of help to Iran. America had halted all shipments of arms to Iran, and extended $ 2 billion in trade credit to Iraq in
259:
Corporation, which was installing a missile system in Kuwait. Two bombs at
Raytheon went off, the first intended to bring the residents outside and the second intended to kill. The attempt failed as the residents did not emerge. An
737:
Al-Dawa has insisted that the attacks in Kuwait were perpetrated by agents "hijacked" by Iran. In
February 2007, journalists reported that Jamal Jaafar Muhammad, who was elected to the Iraqi parliament in 2005 as part of the
635:, were shot dead and dumped on the tarmac. The few dozen passengers left on board, particularly Americans were threatened and tortured. "Every five minutes there was a frightening incident. There was no letup at all,"
1787:
43:
351:"completely by surprise" and left it dumbfounded, terrified and shaken to their core that such a well-organized terrorist operation could have taken place under their noses. According to the
423:
Although those sentenced to death were to be hanged within 30 days, the Emir of Kuwait did not sign their death sentence. The executions were delayed for years until the men escaped.
420:
to come to Kuwait. His failure to make progress in freeing the convicted terrorists is thought to be the reason that he himself was kidnapped and spent five years as a hostage.
650:
announced a $ 250,000 reward for information leading to the arrests of those involved in the hijacking but made no military response. Later press reports linked
Hezbollah's
632:
1890:
509:(ANO) was behind the assassination attempt. Leaked US diplomatic cables describe observers connecting this assassination attempt to some of Al-Jarallah's political views.
323:
Analysts believe the bombings were the work of Iran in cooperation with Shia allies from Iraq and Lebanon. Kuwait had given considerable support to Iraq in the 1980–1988
471:
scandal: the principals of Iran-Contra offered to sway Kuwait to release the Kuwait 17 as one of several incentives to free American hostages in Lebanon. However, when
298:
Islamic Dawa was connected to the bombing when the remains of a human thumb were found and its thumbprint identified as that of Raad Murtin Ajeel, a 25-year-old Iraqi
548:
In 1986, one year after an attack on Emir Jaber's motorcade, there was an attack on an oil installation, which almost caused the shutdown of Kuwait's oil industry.
1040:
734:, when 1,300 prisoners escaped from Kuwait's Saidia central prison. The 15 al-Da'wa prisoners were taken into custody and "released to Iran" by Iraqi officials.
193:
and rammed into the embassy's three-story administrative annex, demolishing half the structure. The shock blew out windows and doors in distant homes and shops.
1791:
1556:
775:
Bansal, Narottam P.; Singh, Jitendra P.; Ko, Song; Castro, Ricardo; Pickrell, Gary; Manjooran, Navin Jose; Nair, Mani; Singh, Gurpreet, eds. (1 July 2013).
389:. "Analysts say,... there is little doubt Mugniyeh and Al Din helped plan December 1983 bombings in Kuwait against the U.S. and French embassies there...."
1875:
1925:
1885:
1880:
1945:
628:
1870:
1619:
1371:
1737:
582:
observers seeing that the missiles originated from the area and tracking them on radar along with US satellite imagery of the launch sites.
1950:
522:, killing two bodyguards and a passerby, wounding Jaber. Islamic Jihad claimed responsibility and again demanded the terrorists' release.
1598:
404:
with the planned execution of the al-Dawa prisoners. A month later, American Benjamin Weir was kidnapped by actors demanding the same.
1538:
1865:
1200:
1855:
276:
619:. The hijackers demand was the release of the Kuwait 17, which was not met. During the course of the standoff women, children and
952:
The Lebanese Dawa party is thought to have been absorbed into the "umbrella"-like Hezbollah movement in the early 1980, (Wright,
624:
169:. The motivation of the bombing is suspected to have been punishment against Kuwait for its military and financial assistance to
154:
plant was more notable for the damage it was intended to cause than what was actually destroyed. What might have been "the worst
1512:
1955:
134:. 25 people were killed and more than 175 people were wounded. Following the attacks, Kuwait's economy significantly suffered.
1910:
1655:
1411:
786:
303:
those convicted by a court in Kuwait in February 2007 was Jamal Jafaar Mohammed, more commonly known by his nom de guerre as
279:
and the bombing of the Marine barracks in Lebanon earlier that year in which Hezbollah is suspected to be the orchestrator.
1920:
1860:
17:
1771:
929:
1960:
487:
Kuwaiti shipping eventually led Kuwait to formally petition foreign powers on 1 November 1986 to protect its shipping.
431:
Chief Kuwaiti government spokesman Abdel Aziz Hussein called the bombings "the first concentrated Iranian operation to
312:
1705:
361:, numerous roadblocks, identity checks, and guardsmen under orders to "shoot whoever refused to stop or be searched."
1940:
1522:
1495:
1329:
1149:
993:
914:
884:
822:
519:
38:
1319:
1139:
983:
904:
874:
1231:
1106:
328:
1850:
1260:, 1997, p.91, lists another name, Elias Fouad Saab, as that of the brother-in-law and cousin to Imad Mughniya.
1905:
1895:
710:
guerrillas held in Kuwait. Lasting 16 days and traveling 3,200 mi from Mashhad in northeastern Iran to
1930:
264:
technician was killed in the control tower bombing, but none of the other bombings resulted in fatalities.
252:
147:
143:
142:
The 1983 Kuwait bombings were attacks on six key installations on 12 December 1983, two months after the
1970:
1915:
1036:
569:, which was observed to have originated from the Faw peninsula. The attack prompted Kuwait to deploy a
287:
1226:
940:
1935:
755:
683:
531:
353:
1583:
Making of the Modern Persian Gulf States: Kuwait, Bahrain, Qatar, the United Arab Emirates, and Oman
1010:
698:, a veteran of the TWA 847 hijacking) armed with guns and hand grenades forced the pilot to land in
456:
and bombings with the goal of forcing the Kuwaiti government to free the al-Dawa prisoners. Hostage
1965:
1368:
731:
393:
166:
1092:
Bahman Baktiari, "Revolutionary Iran's Persian Gulf Policy: the Quest for Regional Supremacy", in
1181:
396:
and the location of Dawa's headquarters helped free their fellow Shia revolutionaries in Kuwait.
814:
506:
1606:
1485:
776:
1435:
CIA Terrorism Review (U). Directorate of Intelligence. 5/6/1985. p.33. Declassified document.
1315:
1135:
1009:
Glanz, James; Santora, Marc; Fathi, Nazila; Mazzetti, Mark; Kiffner, John (7 February 2007).
979:
900:
802:
743:
432:
357:
gazette, the hitherto relaxed nation was transformed into a "police state," with roundups of
304:
217:
1123:
The Iran–Iraq War and Western Security, 1984–1987: Strategic Implications and Policy Options
1900:
1639:
1453:
Melman, Yossi. The master terrorist: the true story of Abu-Nidal. p. 206. Adama Books, 1986
1118:
691:
308:
1197:
674:. One of the demands of the hijackers was the release of the 17 prisoners held in Kuwait.
8:
1209:
647:
378:
331:
provided Iraq with financial contributions, totaling in the range of $ 40 to 50 billion.
127:
255:, the Electricity Control Center, and the living quarters for American employees of the
79:
Infrastructure (government buildings, embassies, airport, oil tankers, coffehouses, etc)
807:
579:
566:
348:
291:
165:
The perpetrators of the bombing were unknown but were purported to be connected to the
478:
learned of this offer, he allegedly responded "like he had been kicked in the belly."
1518:
1491:
1407:
1403:
1325:
1145:
989:
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818:
782:
695:
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457:
336:
324:
212:
building and more importantly, only a quarter of the explosives ignited. An American
186:
174:
131:
1444:
Najeeb Al-Wagayan, Sabah al-Shemmari. Major Political Crimes in Kuwait. 1997. p. 203
1823:
860:
1652:
1775:
1659:
1624:
1375:
1204:
1011:"Iraqi Lawmaker Was Convicted in 1983 Bombings in Kuwait That Killed 5 Americans"
374:
89:
746:(UIA), was also sentenced to death in Kuwait for planning the al-Dawa bombings.
381:, who was sentenced to death. He was also a cousin and brother-in-law of one of
1045:
707:
663:
651:
636:
596:
574:
472:
464:
had been abducted "to gain the freedom of their seventeen comrades in Kuwait."
413:
358:
268:
185:
On 12 December 1983, a truck laden with 45 large cylinders of gas connected to
151:
1768:
690:
to Kuwait with 111 passengers and crew aboard, including three members of the
1844:
1742:
958:
475:
386:
34:
1653:
Counter-memorial and Counter-claim submitted by the United States of America
730:
Eventually, the "Kuwait 17" prisoners gained freedom, reportedly during the
1395:
436:
240:
236:
232:
197:
781:. Vol. 240. Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons. p. 205.
208:) in large part because the driver did not hit the more heavily populated
1379:
1164:
600:
570:
537:
468:
417:
409:
231:
The target intended to get the most powerful explosion was Kuwait's main
221:
190:
159:
1828:
Hizb'allah in Lebanon : The Politics of the Western Hostage Crisis
1302:
453:
209:
1426:
Seale, Patrick. Abu Nidal: a gun for hire. Random House, 1992. p. 130
449:
400:
382:
272:
261:
155:
612:
608:
405:
256:
248:
213:
201:
146:. The 90-minute coordinated attack on two embassies, the country's
399:
In Lebanon, Western hostages, including American Frank Regier and
1356:
1193:
1191:
1096:, Hooshang Amirahmadi and Nader Entessar, Macmillan, (1993), p.77
719:
711:
699:
687:
620:
604:
205:
715:
667:
616:
461:
370:
162:" killed only six people because of the bombs' faulty rigging.
61:
1188:
1041:"The U.S. Is Providing Air Cover for Ethnic Cleansing in Iraq"
1171:, New York : Columbia University Press, c1997, p.127-129
778:
Processing and Properties of Advanced Ceramics and Composites
739:
267:
The bombing of the American embassy was an early instance of
1227:"Terrorist Attacks On Americans, 1979–1988 – Target America"
956:, (2001), p.95) and Islamic Jihad is thought to have been a
220:: "If everything had gone off, this place would have been a
703:
671:
299:
170:
1539:"BOMBS WRECK 2 CAFES IN KUWAIT, KILLING 9 AND WOUNDING 56"
1083:, (Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 1990), p.117
1710:
1637:"Iranian Silkworm strikes decoy barge"; Daniel J. Silva.
1236:
1008:
640:
364:
189:
broke through the front gates of the American Embassy in
1081:
Iran and the World: Continuity in a Revolutionary Decade
1294:
1292:
565:
In October 1987, Kuwait's oil terminal was hit by an
460:
was told that he and the other hostages kidnapped in
540:, Kuwait, killing 11 people and wounding 89 others.
536:
On 11 July 1985, two bombs exploded in two cafés in
311:
and Iraq's parliament and military commander of the
1891:
Attacks on diplomatic missions of the United States
1736:
Greenwald, John, Sam Allis, and David S. Jackson. "
1289:
774:
1820:, New York : Columbia University Press, c1997
1746:. Monday 25 April 1988. Retrieved on 4 March 2009.
1643:. St. Petersburg, Fla.: December 8, 1987. p. 14.A.
806:
623:were released and two American officials from the
585:
1842:
490:
543:
1557:"Emir of Kuwait's motorcade bombed on highway"
1390:
1388:
1835:Sacred Rage : the wrath of militant Isam
1221:
1219:
1035:
1002:
974:
972:
677:
590:
551:
525:
239:plant, the Shuaiba Petrochemical Plant. 150
196:Only five people were initially killed (two
1876:Attacks on buildings and structures in 1983
1385:
392:Both the organization of Hezbollah and the
1483:
481:
1585:. London: Unwin Hyman, 1989. Print. p. 44
1484:Rubin, Barry; Rubin, Judith Colp (2015).
1216:
969:
27:Terror attacks across Kuwait in 1983–1988
1926:Islamic terrorist incidents in the 1980s
1886:Attacks on diplomatic missions of France
1881:Attacks on diplomatic missions in Kuwait
1575:
1514:The Politics of Terrorism, Third Edition
809:Sacred Rage: The Wrath of Militant Islam
467:The Kuwait 17 then played a role in the
158:episode of the twentieth century in the
1593:
1591:
694:. Six or seven Lebanese men (including
625:US Agency for International Development
560:
347:The blasts were said to have taken the
137:
14:
1946:Suicide car and truck bombings in Asia
1843:
1818:Hezbollah : born with a vengeance
1314:
1169:Hezbollah : born with a vengeance
1134:
1125:, Janes Publishing Company, 1987, p.79
1105:"Iran and Iraq: the Next Five Years" (
978:
899:
872:
801:
768:
639:flight engineer Neil Beeston told the
512:
365:Pressure on Kuwait to free the bombers
92:, airplane hijackings, missile attacks
1871:Terrorist attacks on airports in Asia
1510:
1504:
1477:
1420:
1394:
795:
251:exploded at the control tower at the
1588:
1039:; Pregent, Michael (28 March 2015).
495:
1951:Terrorist incidents in Asia in 1983
1830:, New York, St. Martins Press, 1997
1646:
1324:. Simon and Schuster. p. 133.
1144:. Simon and Schuster. p. 113.
988:. Simon and Schuster. p. 125.
909:. Simon and Schuster. p. 113.
879:. Simon and Schuster. p. 112.
271:in the Middle East, along with the
24:
1447:
1438:
1429:
1256:Another source, Ranstorp, Magnus,
25:
1982:
1738:Terrorism Nightmare on Flight 422
873:Wright, Robin (4 December 2001).
706:, and demanded the release of 17
657:
282:
1866:20th-century mass murder in Asia
1706:1988: Hijackers free 25 hostages
1487:Chronologies of Modern Terrorism
1299:Hezbollah: Born with a vengeance
520:Jaber Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah
505:that Palestinian militant group
1856:1983 in international relations
1810:
1780:
1762:
1749:
1730:
1717:
1698:
1686:
1674:
1665:
1631:
1613:
1549:
1531:
1465:
1456:
1362:
1350:
1338:
1308:
1276:
1263:
1250:
1174:
1158:
1128:
1112:
1107:The Economist Intelligence Unit
1099:
1086:
1073:
1060:
1029:
586:Aircraft hijackings (1984–1988)
329:Arab States of the Persian Gulf
124:1983–1988 Kuwait terror attacks
53:1983–1988 Kuwait terror attacks
1671:BBC World Service 24 Dec. 1984
1605:. 15 July 1987. Archived from
1406:. pp. 1–8, 12–16, 19–82.
1369:Excerpts from the Walsh Report
1198:Bombs, Hostages: A Family Link
946:
934:
923:
893:
866:
854:
841:
813:. Simon and Schuster. p.
611:was hijacked by four Lebanese
13:
1:
1956:Terrorist incidents in Kuwait
1769:Dossier: Al-Daawa (June 2003)
1620:"The Gulf Punch, Counterpunch
761:
491:1985 attempted assassinations
448:Over the next several years,
318:
1911:December 1983 events in Asia
1714:. Retrieved on 4 March 2009.
1599:"Car Bomb Kills 2 in Kuwait"
1400:The Iran–Iraq War: 1980–1988
943:against Americans, 1979–1988
725:
544:1986 oil installation attack
443:
369:Of the "Kuwait 17", 12 were
253:Kuwait International Airport
244:water supply of the nation.
144:1983 Beirut barracks bombing
7:
1921:Islamic terrorism in Kuwait
1861:20th century in Kuwait City
749:
666:was hijacked en route from
342:
313:Popular Mobilization Forces
295:of the Immigration Bureau.
180:
10:
1987:
1837:, Simon and Schuster, 2001
1490:. Routledge. p. 199.
615:hijackers and diverted to
529:
288:Islamic Jihad Organization
1961:Building bombings in Asia
962:of Hezbollah. (Ranstorp,
756:1985 Kuwait City bombings
684:Kuwait Airways Flight 422
678:Kuwait Airways Flight 422
591:Kuwait Airways Flight 221
552:1987 Kuwait City bombings
532:1985 Kuwait City bombings
526:1985 Kuwait City bombings
112:
104:
96:
83:
75:
67:
57:
52:
1941:Suicide bombings in 1983
1581:Zahlan, Rosemarie Said.
863:article, 30 January 1984
732:Iraqi invasion of Kuwait
452:perpetrated a string of
394:Islamic Republic of Iran
167:Islamic Republic of Iran
1511:Stohl, Michael (2020).
1182:Monday Morning Magazine
1094:Iran and the Arab World
941:Chronology of terrorism
482:1984 oil tanker attacks
426:
373:in al-Dawa, and 3 were
39:Infobox civilian attack
31:
1725:Hizb'allah in Lebanon,
595:On 3 December 1984, a
507:Abu Nidal Organization
416:and tried to obtain a
307:, who was a member of
126:were various pro-Iran
44:considered for merging
1851:1983 crimes in Kuwait
1603:Associated Press News
1284:Hizb'allah in Lebanon
1271:Hizb'allah in Lebanon
1258:Hizb'allah in Lebanon
1068:Hizb'allah in Lebanon
849:Hizb'allah in Lebanon
744:United Iraqi Alliance
742:/Badr faction of the
433:export the revolution
305:Abu Mahdi al-Muhandis
1906:December 1983 events
1896:Crime in Kuwait City
1788:"NOLA.com: The Wire"
1774:15 July 2003 at the
1640:St. Petersburg Times
1517:. CRC. p. 225.
1374:13 July 2007 at the
1203:5 April 2020 at the
1119:Anthony H. Cordesman
692:Kuwaiti Royal Family
561:1987 missile attacks
435:and destabilize the
385:'s senior officers,
138:1983 Kuwait bombings
18:1983 Kuwait bombings
1931:Mass murder in 1983
1794:on 23 February 2008
1318:(4 December 2001).
1210:The Washington Post
1138:(4 December 2001).
1109:(EIU), 1987), p.20.
1079:Shireen T. Hunter,
982:(4 December 2001).
903:(4 December 2001).
654:to the hijackings.
648:US State Department
513:Emir Jaber Al-Ahmad
500:On April 23, 1985,
408:hostage negotiator
379:Mustafa Badr Al Din
1683:, 23 December 1984
1681:The New York Times
1658:2014-03-31 at the
1472:The New York Times
1185:, 19 December 1983
1015:The New York Times
686:was hijacked from
578:(62 mi) with
349:Kuwaiti government
292:Islamic Dawa Party
275:'s bombing of the
187:plastic explosives
1916:Hezbollah attacks
1563:. AP. 24 May 1984
1413:978-1-84176-371-2
1404:Osprey Publishing
1359:, 9 February 1984
1070:(1997), p.91, 117
788:978-1-118-74411-6
718:, and finally to
696:Hassan Izz-Al-Din
682:On 5 April 1988,
662:On 14 June 1985,
502:Ahmed Al-Jarallah
496:Ahmed Al-Jarallah
337:Operation Staunch
309:Kata'ib Hezbollah
120:
119:
16:(Redirected from
1978:
1936:Murder in Kuwait
1824:Ranstorp, Magnus
1804:
1803:
1801:
1799:
1790:. Archived from
1784:
1778:
1766:
1760:
1759:, (1997), p. 105
1753:
1747:
1734:
1728:
1721:
1715:
1702:
1696:
1695:23 December 1984
1690:
1684:
1678:
1672:
1669:
1663:
1662:. June 23, 1997.
1650:
1644:
1635:
1629:
1617:
1611:
1610:
1609:on 7 March 2021.
1595:
1586:
1579:
1573:
1572:
1570:
1568:
1561:Kentucky New Era
1553:
1547:
1546:
1543:Orlando Sentinel
1535:
1529:
1528:
1508:
1502:
1501:
1481:
1475:
1469:
1463:
1462:UPI, 16 May 1985
1460:
1454:
1451:
1445:
1442:
1436:
1433:
1427:
1424:
1418:
1417:
1392:
1383:
1366:
1360:
1354:
1348:
1347:12 December 1983
1342:
1336:
1335:
1312:
1306:
1296:
1287:
1280:
1274:
1267:
1261:
1254:
1248:
1247:
1245:
1243:
1223:
1214:
1195:
1186:
1178:
1172:
1162:
1156:
1155:
1132:
1126:
1116:
1110:
1103:
1097:
1090:
1084:
1077:
1071:
1064:
1058:
1057:
1055:
1053:
1033:
1027:
1026:
1024:
1022:
1006:
1000:
999:
976:
967:
950:
944:
938:
932:
930:Incident profile
927:
921:
920:
897:
891:
890:
870:
864:
861:Associated Press
858:
852:
845:
839:
838:
833:
831:
812:
799:
793:
792:
772:
633:William Stanford
580:Kuwaiti military
567:Iranian Silkworm
412:appealed to the
277:American Embassy
216:told journalist
90:Suicide bombings
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1796:. Retrieved
1792:the original
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1727:(1997), p.95
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1240:. Retrieved
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1050:. Retrieved
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1014:
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948:
936:
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836:sacred rage.
835:
828:. Retrieved
808:
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645:
599:flight from
594:
571:Hawk missile
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237:desalination
233:oil refinery
230:
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218:Robin Wright
198:Palestinians
195:
184:
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148:main airport
141:
123:
121:
113:Perpetrators
37:
29:
1901:1983 crimes
1474:26 May 1985
1380:Iran-Contra
1321:Sacred Rage
1305:, p.127-129
1165:Jaber, Hala
1141:Sacred Rage
1017:. p. 8
985:Sacred Rage
954:Sacred Rage
906:Sacred Rage
876:Sacred Rage
601:Kuwait City
573:battery on
538:Kuwait City
469:Iran-Contra
454:kidnappings
410:Terry Waite
339:" in 1983.
222:parking lot
210:chancellery
191:Kuwait City
160:Middle East
130:during the
85:Attack type
33:‹ The
1845:Categories
1757:Hizb'allah
1755:Ranstorp,
1723:Ranstorp,
1567:24 October
1303:Hala Jaber
1282:Ranstorp,
1269:Ranstorp,
1066:Ranstorp,
964:Hizb'allah
847:Ranstorp,
830:23 October
762:References
377:. One was
319:Motivation
235:and water
204:, and one
1232:Frontline
726:Aftermath
450:Hezbollah
444:Hezbollah
401:Frenchman
383:Hezbollah
273:Hezbollah
249:car bombs
156:terrorist
71:1983–1988
42:is being
1798:21 April
1772:Archived
1656:Archived
1398:(2002).
1372:Archived
1242:21 April
1201:Archived
805:(2001).
750:See also
609:Pakistan
406:Anglican
375:Lebanese
343:Response
262:Egyptian
257:Raytheon
214:diplomat
202:Kuwaitis
181:Bombings
116:Multiple
58:Location
46:. ›
35:template
1382:affair.
1378:on the
1357:Reuters
1021:6 March
720:Algiers
712:Larnaca
700:Mashhad
688:Bangkok
637:British
621:Muslims
605:Karachi
173:in the
105:Injured
1521:
1494:
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1316:Wright
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1136:Wright
1052:26 May
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980:Wright
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716:Cyprus
668:Athens
617:Tehran
518:ruler
462:Beirut
371:Iraqis
247:Other
206:Syrian
200:, two
150:, and
97:Deaths
76:Target
62:Kuwait
1693:Time,
740:SCIRI
613:Shi'a
1800:2015
1743:TIME
1625:Time
1569:2014
1519:ISBN
1492:ISBN
1408:ISBN
1326:ISBN
1244:2015
1146:ISBN
1054:2017
1023:2013
990:ISBN
911:ISBN
881:ISBN
832:2010
819:ISBN
783:ISBN
704:Iran
672:Rome
646:The
631:and
427:Iran
418:visa
300:Shia
290:and
171:Iraq
122:The
108:175+
68:Date
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1711:BBC
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