Syrians - Knowledge

2051:, south of the historical region of Syria, represented in a collection of ostraca, which show that the population was either "Arabized Edmoites" or "Edomite Arabs", and that this population was an integral part of the demography of southern Palestine and not a recent infiltration. The historian Robert Hoyland, noting the earliest attestation of Arabs in Assyrian sources in the Syrian desert in the 9th century, followed by their earliest attestation in Southern Arabian inscriptions in the seventh/sixth century BC, suggested that north and central Arabia was the homeland of Arabs. Macdonald refused the paradigm of infiltration from Arabia, and considered the Syria/Arabia division a Western concept that would have been unrecognizable for Arabs who were supposedly migrating. 4739:. Quote:1-"We show that religious affiliation had a strong impact on the genomes of the Levantines. In particular, conversion of the region's populations to Islam appears to have introduced major rearrangements in populations' relations through admixture with culturally similar but geographically remote populations, leading to genetic similarities between remarkably distant populations like Jordanians, Moroccans, and Yemenis. Conversely, other populations, like Christians and Druze, became genetically isolated in the new cultural environment. We reconstructed the genetic structure of the Levantines and found that a pre-Islamic expansion Levant was more genetically similar to Europeans than to Middle Easterners." 5835:

Balanovsky, Oleg; Bertranpetit, Jaume; Clarke, Andrew C.; Comas, David; Cooper, Alan; Sarkissian, Clio S. I. Der; Dulik, Matthew C.; Erasmus, Christoff J.; Gaieski, Jill B.; GaneshPrasad, ArunKumar; Haak, Wolfgang; Hobbs, Angela; Javed, Asif; Jin, Li; Kaplan, Matthew E.; Li, Shilin; Martínez-Cruz, Begoña; Matisoo-Smith, Elizabeth A.; Melé, Marta; Merchant, Nirav C.; Mitchell, R. John; Owings, Amanda C.; Parida, Laxmi; Pitchappan, Ramasamy; Quintana-Murci, Lluis; Renfrew, Colin; Lacerda, Daniela R.; Santos, Fabrício R.; Schurr, Theodore G.; Soodyall, Himla; Swamikrishnan, Pandikumar; John, Kavitha Valampuri; Santhakumari, Arun Varatharajan; Vieira, Pedro Paulo; Ziegle, Janet S. (1 March 2011).

1742: 4551:. Quote:1-"ADMIXTURE identifies at K = 10 an ancestral component (light green) with a geographically restricted distribution representing ~50% of the individual component in Ethiopians, Yemenis, Saudis, and Bedouins, decreasing towards the Levant, with higher frequency (~25%) in Syrians, Jordanians, and Palestinians, compared with other Levantines (4%–20%). The geographical distribution pattern of this component (Figure 4A, 4B) correlates with the pattern of the Islamic expansion, but its presence in Lebanese Christians, Sephardi and Ashkenazi Jews, Cypriots and Armenians might suggest that its spread to the Levant could also represent an earlier event." 2047:

of the Arabs in the Levant as it lacks the evidence for when and how they allegedly arrived from Arabia. Macdonald noted that there is no evidence proving that the inhabitants of the Arabian Peninsula, especially modern Yemen, in the early Hellenistic period (fourth century BC), used the designation "Arab", and that it took several centuries for this ethnic name to be adopted by the majority of the peninsula's inhabitants. The historian David Frank Graf considered the traditional theory inadequate for explaining the Arab presence in the Near East. Graf noted the 4th century BC evidence from

1511:, which included representatives from Palestine and Lebanon, demanded the full independence of Syria, within borders that encompass more or less the Levant; this helped to further strengthen the development of the Syrian national consciousness. Initially, most inhabitants were against the establishment of Syria as they considered this a step against Arab unity, but gradually, Faisal's Syria, which was declared an independent kingdom in 1920, prompted the Syrians to begin exploring the notion of Syrianism instead of pan-Arabism. Faisal was deposed by the French who established a 1435:, in addition to a Muslim minority, who speaks the same Aramaic dialect of the Christian residents. The people of those villages use Arabic intensively to communicate with each other and the rest of the country; this led to a noticeable Arabic influence on their Aramaic dialect where around 20% of its vocabulary is of Arabic roots. Bakh'a is steadily losing its dialect; by 1971, people aged younger than 40 could no longer use the Aramaic language properly, although they could understand it. The situation of Bakh'a might eventually lead to the extinction of its Aramaic dialect. 66: 304: 6047: 1847: 404: 604: 284: 1490:

themselves from the Muslims. Already in the 1830s, the Lebanese traveler As’ad Khayyat identified with the term Syria, but it took till the 1880s for the name to begin to be widely used by the inhabitants to refer to themselves. Both Muslims and Christians agreed that the Muslims were not Syrians because they belonged to the Arabs while the Christians retained the Syrianism of antiquity. The spread of the Syrian "idea" amongst the Muslims can be traced to the efforts of

264: 1534: 244: 144: 4616:. Quote:"The strong relatedness between Levant Arab populations is explained by their common ancestry, the ancient Canaanites, who came either from Africa or Arabian Peninsula via Egypt in 3300 BC , and settled in Levant lowlands after collapse of Ghassulian civilization in 3800–3350 BC . The relatedness is also attributed to the close geographical proximity, which constituted one territory before 19th century British and French colonization." 6721: 1595:; this closeness can be explained by the common Canaanite ancestry and geographical unity which was broken only in the twentieth century with the advent of British and French mandates. Regarding the genetic relation between the Syrians and the Lebanese based on Y-DNA, Muslims from Lebanon show closer relations to Syrians than their Christian compatriots. The people of Western Syria show close relations with the people of Northern Lebanon. 584: 1345:; the ascendancy of Arabic as the formal language of the state prompted the cultural and linguistic assimilation of Syrian converts. Some of those who remained Christian also became Arabized, while others stayed Aramean, it was probably during the Abbasid period in the ninth century that Christians adopted Arabic as their first language; the first translation of the gospels into Arabic took place in this century. Many historians, such as 664: 644: 524: 484: 464: 224: 1357: 384: 204: 124: 544: 6033: 424: 719: 683: 444: 364: 164: 84: 184: 701: 324: 344: 104: 1563:

it is estimated that the Levantine, the Peninsular Arabian and East African ancestral components diverged 23,700–15,500 years ago, while the divergence between the Levantine and European components happened 15,900–9,100 years ago. The Levantine ancestral component is the most recurrent in Levantines (42–68%); the Peninsular Arabian and East African ancestral components represent around 25% of Syrian genetic make-up.

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populations, correspondingly, the Southwest Asian/Caucasian component rises to ~50% and the Arabian/North African cluster decreases to ~20–30%, even in Palestinians (similar to the Samaritans and some of the Druze), highlighting their primarily indigenous origin, with the most extreme values for the Druze, carrying the Southwest Asian/Caucasian component at ~80%."

2602: 4652:. Quote:"The haplogroups' geographical distribution shows affinity between the Northern Levant (modern day Lebanon and Syria) and Europe with clear distinctions between the Levant and the Arabian Peninsula with regards to Africa (Fig. 1, Table 1). The main mtDNA haplogroups for both Europe and the Northern Levant are H and R*." 1939:. It is an assortment platter of foods with cheeses, meats, pickles, olives, and spreads. Meze is usually served with Arab-style tea – highly concentrated black tea, which is often highly sweetened and served in small glass cups. Another popular drink, especially with Christians and non-practicing Muslims, is the 2598: 2036:

What antiquity's writers meant by the designation "Arab" is debated; the historian Michael Macdonald suggested that the term is an ethnic designation based on an "ill-defined complex of linguistic and cultural characteristics", while according to academic consensus, "Arab", in addition to it being an

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to write Arabic) was an attempt by the Syriac Orthodox to assert their identity. Syriac is still the liturgical language for most of the different Syriac churches in Syria. The Syriac Orthodox Church was known as the Syrian Orthodox Church until 2000, when the holy synod decided to rename it to avoid

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is found in Syrians in high proportion. Modern Syrians exhibit "high affinity to the Levant" based on studies comparing modern and ancient DNA samples. Syrians cluster closely with ancient Levantine populations of the Neolithic and Bronze Ages. A Levantine ancestral genetic component was identified;

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of the Arab ethnos is unclear; the traditional 19th century theory locates this in the Arabian Peninsula, while some modern scholars, such as David Frank Graf, note that the epigraphic and archaeological evidence render the traditional theory inadequate to explain the Arabs' appearance in Syria. The

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Haber, Marc; Platt, Daniel E.; Badro, Danielle A.; Xue, Yali; El-Sibai, Mirvat; Bonab, Maziar Ashrafian; Youhanna, Sonia C.; Saade, Stephanie; Soria-Hernanz, David F.; Royyuru, Ajay; Wells, R. Spencer; Tyler-Smith, Chris; Zalloua, Pierre A.; Adhikarla, Syama; Adler, Christina J.; Balanovska, Elena;

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Regarding the urheimat of the Arab ethnos: the traditional theory, which dates to the 19th century and became dominant in the middle of the 20th century, holds that Arabs were a Semitic wave from the Arabian peninsula who infiltrated Syria. The traditional theory does not explain the early presence

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of Syria began in the 7th century, and it took several centuries for Islam, the Arab identity, and language to spread; the Arabs of the caliphate did not attempt to spread their language or religion in the early periods of the conquest, and formed an isolated aristocracy. The Arabs of the caliphate

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Most Arabic speaking Syrians identify as Arabs. There is no contradiction between being an Arab and a Syrian since the Syrian Arab identity is multi-layered and being Syrian complements being Arab. In addition to denoting Syrian Arabs, the term "Syrian" also refer to all Syrian citizens, regardless

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Semino, O.; Passarino, G; Oefner, PJ; Lin, AA; Arbuzova, S; Beckman, LE; De Benedictis, G; Francalacci, P; Kouvatsi, A; Limborska, S; Marcikiae, M; Mika, A; Mika, B; Primorac, D; Santachiara-Benerecetti, A. S.; Cavalli-Sforza, L. L.; Underhill, P. A. (2000). "The Genetic Legacy of Paleolithic Homo

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Badro, Danielle A.; Douaihy, Bouchra; Haber, Marc; Youhanna, Sonia C.; Salloum, Angélique; Ghassibe-Sabbagh, Michella; Johnsrud, Brian; Khazen, Georges; Matisoo-Smith, Elizabeth; Soria-Hernanz, David F.; Wells, R. Spencer; Tyler-Smith, Chris; Platt, Daniel E.; Zalloua, Pierre A. (30 January 2013).

4688:. Quote:"On the contrary, key differences were noted between Levant Arabs (Lebanese, Palestinians, Syrians), and other Arab populations, highlighted by high frequencies of A*24, B*35, DRB1*11:01, DQB1*03:01, and DRB1*11:01-DQB1*03:01 haplotype in Levantine Arabs compared to other Arab populations." 4567:

2-"Here it is already possible to distinguish between a Southwest Asian/Caucasian and an Arabian/North African component; these two components have similar proportions of ~30% each in Yemen and UAE, but the Arabian/North African proportion increases to 52–60% in Saudi and Bedouin. In Near Eastern

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Even under Faisal, it was clear that the Arabic speakers in Syria considered themselves Syrians first and Arabs second; this is apparent in the response to the presence of Iraqi and other non-Syrian officials in Faisal's army and government. Syrians complained that they were becoming strangers in

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The Syrian people's beliefs and outlooks, similar to those of most Arabs and people of the wider Middle-East, are a mosaic of West and East. Conservative and liberally minded people will live right next to each other. Like the other countries in the region, religion permeates life; the government

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to denote the inhabitants of the Levant. Following the Muslim conquest of the Levant, Arab identity became dominant and the ethnonym "Syrian" was used mainly by Christians who spoke Syriac. In the 19th century, the name "Syrian" was revived amongst the Arabic speakers of the Levant. Following the

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in the seventh century was more prominent than the genetic influx. However, the expansion of Islam did leave an impact on Levantine genes; religion drove Levantine Muslims to mix with other Muslim populations, who were close culturally despite the geographic distance, and this produced genetic

4527:. Quote:" Druze exhibited genetic similarity to Chalcolithic and Bronze Age Armenians and a Chalcolithic Anatolian. In that study, Druze clustered remotely from all Bronze Age and Neolithic Levantines, whereas Jews, Assyrians, Syrians and a few Lebanese clustered with Levantine populations." 1489:

was reorganized and the name was used for a vilayet encompassing generally the southern Levant. The use of the national designation "Syrian" however has its origin in the tense relationship between the Arabic-speaking Muslims and Christians of the Levant, where Christians wanted to distance

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Haber, Marc; Gauguier, Dominique; Youhanna, Sonia; Patterson, Nick; Moorjani, Priya; Botigué, Laura R.; Platt, Daniel E.; Matisoo-Smith, Elizabeth; Soria-Hernanz, David F.; Wells, R. Spencer; Bertranpetit, Jaume; Tyler-Smith, Chris; Comas, David; Zalloua, Pierre A. (25 February 2013).

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Commins, David Dean; Irvine, Verity Elizabeth; Smith, Charles Gordon; Hamidé, Abdul-Rahman; Scullard, Howard Hayes; Ochsenwald, William L.; Hourani, Albert Habib; Gadd, Cyril John; Polk, William Roe; Salibi, Kamal Suleiman (9 July 2018). The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica (ed.).

2872: 1507:. He entered Damascus in 1918 in the aftermath of the Ottomans' evacuation of the Levant at the end of World War I. His entry ignited the Syrian national consciousness after he decalred an Arab government in the Levant centred in Damascus with him as prince. In June 1919, the 2268: 5878:

El-Sibai, Mirvat; Platt, Daniel E.; Haber, Marc; Xue, Yali; Youhanna, Sonia C.; Wells, R. Spencer; zaabel, Hassan; Sanyoura, May F.; Harmanani, Haidar; Bonab, Maziar Ashrafian; Behbehani, Jaafar; Hashwa, Fuad; Tyler-Smith, Chris; Zalloua, Pierre A. (16 August 2009).

1240:. The Seleucids ruled the indigenous peoples of the Levant, whom they named "Syrians", as a conquered nation; Syrians were not assimilated into Greek communities, and many local peasants were exploited financially as they had to pay rent for Greek landlords. Outside 889:

and linguistic heritage of the Syrian people is a blend of both indigenous elements and the foreign cultures that have come to rule the land and its people over the course of thousands of years. By the seventh century, most of the inhabitants of the Levant spoke

3754:. Quote:"The Syrian people evolved from several origins over a long period of time. The Greek and Roman ethnic influence was negligible in comparison with that of the Semitic peoples of Arabia and Mesopotamia—Aramaeans, Assyrians, Chaldeans, and Canaanites." 4726:

2-"On the other hand, Levant Arabs are distant from Saudis, Kuwaitis, and Yeminis, an indication that the contribution of the Arabian Peninsula populations to Levantine gene pool is low, probably due to the absence of the demographic aspect of 7th century

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who contributed to the formulation of the Syrian Union Party's manifesto in 1918, demanding that Syria, in the aftermath of World War I and the Ottoman withdrawal from the region, become an independent state and not part of larger Arab one ruled by the

1609:. Based on Mitochondrial DNA, the Syrians, Palestinians, Lebanese and Jordanians form a close cluster. Compared to the Lebanese, Bedouins and Palestinians, the Syrians have noticeably more Northern European component, estimated at 7%. Regarding the 4515:. Quote:"The mixed Near Eastern–Middle Eastern localisation of the Druze, shown using both modern and ancient DNA data, is distinct from that of neighboring Syrians, Palestinians and most of the Lebanese, who exhibit a high affinity to the Levant." 2868: 1340:

in the eighth and ninth centuries sought to integrate the peoples under their authority, and the Arabization of the administration was one of their methods. Arabization gained momentum with the increasing numbers of Muslim converts from

4503:. Quote:"The marker, known as the J2 haplogroup, was found in an unusually high proportion among Lebanese, Palestinians and Syrians tested by Zalloua during more than five years of research. He tested 1,000 people in the region." 2421: 2114: 4676:. Quote:"Druze and Syrians possess a significantly larger amount of the Northern European component (X = 7%) when compared with their neighbouring populations, such as Palestinians (X = 5%) and Lebanese and Bedouins (X = 2%)." 2264: 3702:

Haber, Marc; Nassar, Joyce; Almarri, Mohamed A.; Saupe, Tina; Saag, Lehti; Griffith, Samuel J.; Doumet-Serhal, Claude; Chanteau, Julien; Saghieh-Beydoun, Muntaha; Xue, Yali; Scheib, Christiana L.; Tyler-Smith, Chris (2020).

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Fernandes, Verónica; Triska, Petr; Pereira, Joana B.; Alshamali, Farida; Rito, Teresa; Machado, Alison; Fajkošová, Zuzana; Cavadas, Bruno; Černý, Viktor; Soares, Pedro; Richards, Martin B.; Pereira, Luísa (4 March 2015).

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their own country, and slogans such as "Syria for Syrians" appeared in newspapers. The Syrian youth, an anti-Iraqi organization, was established declaring its desire to protect the rights of Syrians against non Syrians.

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The paternal Y-DNA haplogroup J1, which reaches its highest frequencies in Yemen 72.6% and Qatar 58.3%, accounted for 33.6% of Syrians. The J2 group accounted for 20.8% of Syrians; other Y-DNA haplogroups include the

2922: 4712:. Quote:"This Jewish cluster was interspersed with the Palestinian and Syrian populations, whereas the other Middle Eastern non-Jewish populations (Saudi Arabians, Lebanese, and Druze) closely surrounded it." 2221: 2434:

de acuerdo con el Instituto de Estadística de Venezuela, cerca de un millón de venezolanos tienen orígenes sirios y más de 20 mil venezolanos están registrados en el catastro del consulado sudamericano en

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Arabs mentioned in Syria by Greco-Roman writers were assimilated into the newly formed "Greco–Aramaean culture" that dominated the region, and the texts they produced were written in Greek and Aramaic.

1265:, most of the inhabitants turned into Syrians (Aramaeans). Islam and the Arabic language had a similar effect where the Aramaeans themselves became Arabs regardless of their ethnic origin following the 4539:. Quote:"Our estimates show that the Levantine and the Arabian Peninsula/East African components diverged ~23,700–15,500 y.a., while the Levantine and European components diverged ~15,900–9,100 y.a." 5473:

Hammer, M. F.; Redd, A. J.; Wood, E. T.; Bonner, M. R.; Jarjanazi, H.; Karafet, T.; Santachiara-Benerecetti, S.; Oppenheim, A.; Jobling, M.A.; Jenkins, T.; Ostrer, H.; Bonné-Tamir, B. (9 May 2000).

4604:. Quote:"Using genetic distances, correspondence analysis and NJ trees, we showed earlier and in this study that Palestinians, Syrians, Lebanese and Jordanians are closely related to each other." 3055: 5392:

Coinage and History in the Seventh Century Near East: Proceedings of the 12th Seventh Century Syrian Numismatic Round Table Held at Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge on 4th and 5th April 2009

2700: 1427:. The residents of Bakh'a and Jubb'adin converted to Islam in the eighteenth century (retaining their Aramean identity), while in Ma'loula, the majority are Christians, mainly belonging to the 6029: 4932:

The project, which began in December, will be completed this month as part of a plan to restore 10 synagogues with the backing of Syrian President Bashar al-Assad and funding from Syrian Jews.

1503:. Rida did not reject the Arab identity but recognized a Syrian uniqueness and advocated the idea of a Syrian state. In the end, Syria did become a separate state but under the Hashemite king 2478: 4919: 3003: 2413: 2122: 1838:

registers every Syrian's religious affiliation. However, the number of non-believers in Syria is increasing but there is no credible source or statistics to support this information.

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2-"Besides this component, the most frequent ancestral component (shown in dark blue) in the Levantines (42–68%) is also present, at lower frequencies, in Europe and Central Asia."

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in 1920, but the formation of a Syrian consciousness amongst the members of the Syrian Arab national movement solidified and spread amongst the Muslims as well as the Christians.

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Correll, Christoph (1987). "Ma'lūlā. 2. The Language". In Bosworth, Clifford Edmund; van Donzel, Emericus Joannes; Lewis, B.; Pellat, Ch.; Dijkema, F. Th.; Nurit, Mme S. (eds.).

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Troupeau, Gérard (1987). "Ma'lūlā. 1. The Locality". In Bosworth, Clifford Edmund; van Donzel, Emericus Joannes; Lewis, B.; Pellat, Ch.; Dijkema, F. Th.; Nurit, Mme S. (eds.).

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3-Lebanese Christians and all Druze cluster together, and Lebanese Muslims are extended towards Syrians, Palestinians, and Jordanians, which are close to Saudis and Bedouins."

4640:. Quote:"Syria is contained within the range of variation of the Lebanese samples. West Syrian samples lie closest to LN Sunnis, and not far from LN, LB, and LM Maronites." 3025: 3167: 1254:, and the line separating the Greeks and the natives blurred. The idioms Syrian and Greek were used by Rome to denote civic societies instead of separate ethnic groups. 2918: 2660: 6126: 4580:. Quote:"J1 frequencies in Syria, Akka and Jordan were more comparable to Lebanon than to the remaining Arabic countries (58.3% in Qatar and 72.5% in Yemen; Fig. 2G") 6291: 4741:

2-"The predominantly Muslim populations of Syrians, Palestinians and Jordanians cluster on branches with other Muslim populations as distant as Morocco and Yemen."

2218: 3262: 2834: 2634: 2813: 5371:. Vol. 4:Science and Technology in Islam. Part 1: The exact and Natural Sciences. The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. 4664:. Quote:"Yemenis and Saudis both associate strongly with Egyptians, whereas the Jordanian, Lebanese, Palestinian, and Syrian populations clustered together." 3138: 2387: 6296: 4724:. Quote:1-"The extent of gene Arab exchange with these autochthonous groups is undetermined but is thought to be lower than religious/cultural influence." 1261:

populations of Syria. The Aramaeans assimilated most of the earlier Levantine populations through their language. With the adoption of a common religion,

2486: 1281:, reported that Arabs inhabited many parts of Syria, which according to modern historians indicate either an ethnic group or a nomadic way of life. The 1191:, who observed that Syrians resided west of the Euphrates in Roman Syria, and he explicitly mentions that those Syrians are the Arameans, whom he calls 6183: 5783:"Y-Chromosome and mtDNA Genetics Reveal Significant Contrasts in Affinities of Modern Middle Eastern Populations with European and African Populations" 2696: 1762:

Religious differences in Syria have historically been tolerated, and religious minorities tend to retain distinct cultural, and religious identities.

7013: 6084: 4151: 7428: 3113: 1183:, which included modern-day Lebanon and Syria west of the Euphrates, framing the province as a regional social category with civic implications. 2782: 930:

of their ethnic background. In 2018, Syria had an estimated population of 19.5 million, which includes, aside from the aforementioned majority,

6109: 4909: 2239: 4628:. Quote:"Lebanese Christians and all Druze cluster together, and Lebanese Muslims are extended towards Syrians, Palestinians, and Jordanians." 5735: 5367:

al-Hassan, Ahmad Y. (2001). "Factors Behind the Rise of Islamic Science". In al-Hassan, Ahmad Y.; Ahmed, Maqbul; Iskandar, Albert Z. (eds.).

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Amerika:La emigración Siria-Libanesa a Argentina (the Syrian and Lebanese emigration to Argentina). Retrieved in August 31, 2012, to 14:35pm.

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The Modern Assyrians of the Middle East: A History of Their Encounter with Western Christian Missions, Archaeologists, and Colonial Powers

5045: 2093: 1353:. By the thirteenth century, the Arabic language achieved complete dominance in the region, with many of its speakers having become Arabs. 6989: 4984: 4833: 3681: 3522: 4331:

Groiss, Arnon (2011). "Communalism as a factor in the rise of the Syria idea in the 1800s and the early 1900s". In Beshara, Adel (ed.).

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Syria hopes will serve as an avenue to attract investment dollars from the one-million-strong community of Venezuelans of Syrian descent

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Ancient Syria of the first millennium BC was dominated by the Aramaeans; they originated in the Northern Levant as a continuum of the

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and Syrians showed that the two populations share a close affinity. Apparently, the cultural influence of Arabian expansion in the

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Most numbers, aside from these of South American countries, represent all Syrian citizens including ethnic minorities such as the

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and colonies. The situation changed after the Roman conquest in 64 BC; Semitic-speaking Syrians obtained the citizenship of Greek

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Zisser, Eyal (2011). "Rashid Rida. On the way to Syrian nationalism in the shade of Islam and Arabism". In Beshara, Adel (ed.).

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http://www.oni.escuelas.edu.ar/olimpi98/bajarondelosbarcos/Colectividades/Turcos,%20sirios%20y%20libaneses/inmigraci%C3%B3n.htm

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in 1920, the name "Syrian" began to spread amongst its Arabic speaking inhabitants. The term gained more importance during the

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Brock, Sebastian (2010). "The Syrian Orthodox Church in the modern Middle East". In O'Mahony, Anthony; Loosley, Emma (eds.).

5187: 5126: 5107: 5088: 5069: 4957: 4145: 3998: 2551: 2517: 3410: 1715:. English, and to a lesser extent French, is widely understood and used in interactions with tourists and other foreigners. 7199: 2751: 1880:

are some of the ingredients that are used in many traditional meals. Traditional Syrian dishes enjoyed by Syrians include,

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Arnold, Werner (2007). "Arabic Grammatical Borrowing in Western Neo-Aramaic". In Matras, Yaron; Sakel, Jeanette (eds.).

7094: 7022: 6996: 4700:. Quote:"Syrians are genetically close to Eastern Mediterranean, as Cretans (−0.0001) and Lebanese Armenians (0.0050)." 3637: 2726: 1524: 966: 7719:

Under the terms of the Syrian Constitution the Druze community is designated as a part of the Syrian Muslim community.

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that can have an alcohol content of over 90% ABV (however, most commercial Syrian arak brands are about 40–60% ABV).

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Hajjej, Abdelhafidh; Almawi, Wassim Y.; Arnaiz-Villena, Antonio; Hattab, Lasmar; Hmida, Slama (9 March 2018).

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is the mother tongue of the majority of Syrians as well as the official state language. The Syrian variety of

7617: 7489: 6669: 6543: 6249: 6014: 5984: 4237: 4101: 4070: 1799: 1428: 1266: 895: 2202: 1814:. The Ismailis are an even smaller sect that originated in Asia. Many Armenian and Assyrian Christians fled 1269:. The presence of Arabs in Syria is recorded since the 9th century BC, and Roman period historians, such as 7647: 7569: 7158: 6984: 6909: 5994: 5475:"Jewish and Middle Eastern non-Jewish Populations Share a Common Pool of Y-chromosome Biallelic Haplotypes" 3793: 3705:"A Genetic History of the Near East from an aDNA Time Course Sampling Eight Points in the Past 4,000 Years" 3088: 2952: 1724: 4205: 1214:

native to the Levant, mentioned the Syrians as the non-Hebrew, non-Greek indigenous inhabitants of Syria.

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east of the Euphrates. However, the interchangeability between Assyrians and Syrians persisted during the

7521: 7189: 7182: 7037: 6897: 4125: 3191:. Ireland's National Public Service Media / Meáin Náisiúnta Seirbhíse Poiblí na hÉireann. 20 April 2021. 808: 5881:"Geographical Structure of the Y-chromosomal Genetic Landscape of the Levant: A coastal-inland contrast" 4311:

Shehadeh, Lamia Rustum (2011). "The name of Syria in ancient and modern usage". In Beshara, Adel (ed.).

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identity throughout the ages, asserting their culture in face of the Arab dominance. Linguists, such as

7462: 7135: 6933: 6770: 6366: 6326: 6209: 5762: 1795: 6943: 1244:, the Syrians lived in districts governed by local temples that did not use the Greek civic system of 7477: 7213: 6745: 6686: 2774: 1672: 1568: 1369: 907: 903: 19:

This article is about Syrians as the majority ethnicity of the country of Syria. For other uses, see

4565:. Quote:1-"In the Near East, we included Iraq, Jordan, Israel/Palestine, Turkey, Lebanon and Syria." 3134: 2265:"Statistischer Bericht – Mikrozensus – Bevölkerung nach Migrationshintergrund – Erstergebnisse 2022" 1129:

explicitly as Syria and ruled the Syrians as indigenous populations residing west of the Euphrates (

7741: 7693: 7657: 7514: 7499: 7484: 7303: 7275: 7082: 6007: 2414:"EL LEVANTE Y AMÉRICA LATINA. UNA BITÁCORA DE LATINOAMÉRICA EN SIRIA, LÍBANO, JORDANIA Y PALESTINA" 1528: 1508: 5731: 3612: 3591: 3188: 2626: 2479:"SELECTED POPULATION PROFILE IN THE UNITED STATES 2016 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates" 6914: 6904: 6765: 6750: 6650: 6604: 6157: 4969:""Les Arabes en Syrie" or "La pénétration des Arabes en Syrie". A Question of Perceptions ?" 4412:

Zisser, Eyal (2006). "Who's Afraid of Syrian Nationalism? National and State Identity in Syria".

3978: 2697:"2016 Ethnic Origin, both sexes, age (total), Canada, 2016 Census – 25% Sample data: Data tables" 2400:

Se calcula que cerca de un millón de habitantes del país tiene origen sirio, personal o familiar.

1610: 1118: 20: 6938: 5060:

Macdonald, Michael C. A. (2009b). "Arabians, Arabias, and the Greeks: Contact and Perceptions".

2893: 7736: 7494: 7472: 6791: 6786: 6700: 6455: 6371: 5837:"Influences of History, Geography, and Religion on Genetic Structure: the Maronites in Lebanon" 5017: 2085: 1664: 1580: 1464: 1384: 1380: 800: 4968: 4817: 4298: 4282: 4266: 4250: 4231: 4111: 4080: 3665: 3506: 3435: 7703: 7457: 7437: 7308: 7230: 7130: 6972: 6955: 6882: 6760: 6658: 6500: 6319: 6270: 5990:

Collections of images of Eastern Mediterranean people, including Syrian people, Mideast Image

5979: 4215: 4187: 4040: 3808: 3627: 3547: 3465: 3384: 1787: 1736: 1634: 1089:

The Greeks used the terms "Syrian" and "Assyrian" interchangeably to indicate the indigenous

919: 899: 751: 5273: 4854: 4779: 4447:

Ma'os, Moshe (2011). "The Emergence of Modern Syria". In Ma'os, Moshe; Yanic, Avner (eds.).

1408:

any nationalistic connotations; the Catholic Church still has "Syrian" in its official name.

1396: 7756: 7708: 7632: 7540: 7323: 7125: 6960: 6664: 5932: 5794: 5646: 5593: 5540: 5486: 2353: 1638:

similarities between Levantine Muslims and Moroccan and Yemeni populations. Christians and

1626: 1606: 1602: 1349:

and Bernard Hamilton, proposed that the Arabization of Christians was completed before the

309: 4753: 2330: 2299: 2178: 1830:, who are mostly descendants of refugees from the 1948 Israeli-Arab War. The community of 1187:

described the indigenous people of this newly created Roman province as "Syrians", so did

65: 8: 7698: 7545: 7343: 7333: 7225: 6887: 6495: 6490: 5422:"Assyrians and Aramaeans: Modes of Cohabitation and Acculturation at Guzana (Tell Halaf)" 4781:

Transformed Landscapes: Essays on Palestine and the Middle East in Honor of Walid Khalidi

2577: 1811: 1755: 1712: 1668: 1476: 1412: 1321:

accommodated many new tribes in isolated areas to avoid conflict with the locals; caliph

1113:. Starting from the 2nd century BC onwards, ancient writers referred to the ruler of the 914: 796: 746: 669: 5936: 5798: 5650: 5597: 5544: 5490: 5388:"Symbolism on the Syrian Standing Caliph Copper Coins: A Contribution to the Discussion" 4879: 3606: 3585: 2973: 7612: 7607: 7590: 7285: 7235: 7194: 7054: 7042: 6967: 6928: 6892: 6755: 6729: 6387: 6265: 6229: 6224: 6219: 6214: 6152: 5905: 5880: 5861: 5836: 5817: 5782: 5713: 5686: 5667: 5634: 5616: 5581: 5563: 5528: 5178:

al-Bagdadi, Nadia (2008). "Syria". In Bromiley, Geoffrey W.; Barrett, David B. (eds.).

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Arab Civilization: Challenges and Responses: Studies in Honor of Dr. Constantine Zurayk

4429: 4004: 3729: 3704: 3362: 3327: 2025: 1704: 1680: 1482: 1416: 1305: 1161: 1142: 978: 943: 935: 842: 755: 2894:"Immigrés par pays de naissance détaillé − Étrangers et immigrés en 2019 | Insee" 1481:'the country of Sham') which became the dominant name of the Levant under the 1329:, to settle the new tribes away from the original population. Syrians who belonged to 926:, becoming the accepted national name for the Arabic speakers of the Syrian Republic. 7683: 7627: 7622: 7555: 7550: 7449: 7355: 7140: 7064: 6870: 6674: 6609: 6564: 6417: 6244: 6239: 6234: 6204: 6162: 6147: 6142: 6121: 6116: 6089: 6074: 6069: 6046: 5948: 5910: 5896: 5866: 5822: 5766: 5718: 5672: 5633:

Marshall, Scarlett; Das, Ranajit; Pirooznia, Mehdi; Elhaik, Eran (16 November 2016).

5621: 5568: 5514: 5509: 5474: 5459: 5429: 5395: 5372: 5344: 5321: 5302: 5295: 5248: 5221: 5202: 5183: 5166: 5149: 5132: 5122: 5103: 5084: 5065: 5037: 5004: 4976: 4953: 4823: 4785: 4433: 4141: 4008: 3994: 3734: 3671: 3633: 3553: 3512: 3471: 3441: 3366: 3331: 2837:[Population at the beginning of the year since 2002 by detailed nationality] 2692: 2513: 2144: 1823: 1819: 1728: 1598: 1576: 1572: 1337: 1237: 1149: 1134: 1054: 974: 970: 812: 1313: 1199:

noted that the people called Syrians by the Greeks refer to themselves as Arameans.

7574: 7379: 7360: 7295: 7113: 7077: 6847: 6706: 6599: 6579: 6574: 6520: 6392: 6354: 6104: 6079: 5940: 5900: 5892: 5856: 5848: 5812: 5802: 5708: 5698: 5662: 5654: 5611: 5601: 5558: 5548: 5504: 5494: 5029: 4421: 4367:

Salhi, Muhannad (2011). "Faysal. The first king of Syria". In Beshara, Adel (ed.).

4133: 3986: 3724: 3716: 3354: 3319: 3285:"Like India, Syria has a large diaspora (With stories on Syrian president's visit)" 3026:"11rs – Origin and background country by language, age (1-year) and sex, 1990–2021" 1967: 1846: 1692: 1660: 1651: 1504: 1500: 1392: 1376: 1293: 982: 962: 958: 950: 886: 882: 846: 742: 5944: 2543: 1486: 7688: 7678: 7642: 7504: 7280: 7255: 7245: 7240: 7002: 6594: 6559: 6525: 6440: 6099: 6094: 6041: 5807: 5703: 5606: 5553: 3403: 3237:"Syrian refugees in Yemen: When the Coronavirus Becomes More Severe than the War" 2225: 2206: 1997: 1956: 1885: 1708: 1696: 1613:, Syrians, and other Levantine populations, exhibit "key differences" from other 1584: 1455: 1404: 1372: 1274: 1153: 1114: 1094: 1074: 1066: 954: 862: 838: 804: 24: 4399:

Divided Loyalties. Nationalism and Mass Politics in Syria at the Close of Empire

2747: 898:

in 634, Arabic became the dominant language, but a minority of Syrians retained

7662: 7652: 7560: 7535: 7395: 7350: 7313: 7268: 7047: 6842: 6837: 6589: 6569: 6535: 6510: 6286: 5750: 4914: 4137: 3990: 3720: 2448: 2021: 1855: 1807: 1791: 1758:, The Syrian tradition of coexistence and the present scenario of confrontation 1732: 1700: 1555: 1445: 1308:

conquest of the Levant, 634 AD, Syria's population mainly spoke Aramaic as the

1296:, was not a literary language; its speakers used Aramaic for writing purposes. 1241: 939: 931: 609: 5121:. Empirical Approaches to Language Typology. Vol. 38. Walter de Gruyter. 4425: 2919:"Qui sont les millions de réfugiés afghans, en France et dans le monde ?" 2835:"Bevölkerung zu Jahresbeginn seit 2002 nach detaillierter Staatsangehörigkeit" 2723:"Sudan's descent into chaos shatters illusion of safety for war-weary Syrians" 1621:

alleles, Syrians were close to eastern Mediterranean populations, such as the

7730: 7637: 7526: 7328: 6821: 6816: 6801: 6639: 6616: 6584: 6549: 6485: 6427: 6397: 5348: 5252: 5170: 5153: 5136: 5041: 5008: 4980: 1972: 1913: 1485:

and its successors. The geographic designation "Syria" returned in 1864 when

1450: 1350: 1330: 1309: 1073:, and henceforth the Greeks applied the term without distinction between the 1022: 289: 5033: 4910:"Jews in Damascus Restore Synagogues as Syria Tries to Foster Secular Image" 2722: 2623:

Swedish residents born either in Syria or Sweden to two Syrian-born parents.

615:

8,848 England & Wales unknown in Scotland and 2,000 in Northern Ireland.

7509: 7150: 6811: 6622: 5952: 5914: 5870: 5826: 5722: 5687:"Genome-Wide Diversity in the Levant Reveals Recent Structuring by Culture" 5676: 5625: 5572: 5518: 5499: 5100:

Middle East Patterns, Student Economy Edition: Places, People, and Politics

3738: 3502: 1940: 1827: 1684: 1588: 1420: 1346: 1342: 1317: 1262: 792: 269: 5852: 5582:"The Genetic Heterogeneity of Arab Populations as Inferred from HLA Genes" 2599:"Befolkning efter födelseland och ursprungsland, 31 december 2021, totalt" 1160:. The Ptolemies referred to all peoples originating from Modern Syria and 7317: 7089: 7072: 6515: 6475: 6407: 6402: 1831: 1763: 1491: 1424: 1180: 1138: 1126: 1102: 1062: 986: 850: 823: 778: 7406: 5428:. The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Distributed by Yale University Press. 5165:. Vol. VI. Fascicules 103–104 (Malḥūn-Mānd) (New ed.). Brill. 5148:. Vol. VI. Fascicules 103-104 (Malḥūn-Mānd) (New ed.). Brill. 3056:"2011 Census: Country of birth (expanded), regions in England and Wales" 1601:

shows the Syrians to have an affinity with Europe; main haplogroups are

6450: 6412: 5337:"The Impact of Muslim Rule on the Pattern of Rural Settlement in Syria" 1992: 1877: 1783: 1771: 1592: 1496: 1326: 1289: 1258: 1196: 1070: 782: 5658: 4999:

Graf, David Frank (2003). "Arabs in Syria: Demography and Epigraphy".

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The Jews in Hellenistic and Roman Egypt: The Struggle for Equal Rights

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Those who retained the Aramaic language are divided among two groups:

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Sirios, turcos y libaneses. Retrieved in August 31, 2012, to 15:15pm.

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An universal history, from the earliest accounts to the present time

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An universal history, from the earliest accounts to the present time

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Genetic tests on Syrians were included in many genetic studies. The

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Rollinger, Robert (2006). "The terms "Assyria" and "Syria" again".

2806:"Algeria Shuts Border to Syrian Refugees, Invokes Terrorism Threat" 2037:

ethnic name, had a social meaning describing a nomadic way of life.

1977: 1929: 1921: 1834:

inside Syria once numbered 30,000 in 1947, but has only 200 today.

1767: 1676: 1618: 1583:

15.0%. The Syrians are closest to other Levantine populations: the

1400: 1283: 1223: 1207: 1184: 1122: 1090: 1078: 5923:

sapiens sapiens in Extant Europeans: A Y Chromosome Perspective".

4479: 4384:

Arab Nationalism in the Twentieth Century: From Triumph to Despair

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Folmer, Margaretha (2020-02-28), Hasselbach-Andee, Rebecca (ed.),

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or King of the Syrians. The Seleucids designated the districts of

969:(including Sweden, France, and Germany), South America (mainly in 7600: 6311: 2199: 1897: 1860:

Syrian cuisine is dominated by ingredients native to the region.

1779: 1278: 1211: 1156:

applied the term "Syrian Village" as the name of a settlement in

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Arabia and the Arabs: from the Bronze Age to the Coming of Islam

4777: 4721: 4697: 4685: 4613: 4601: 3236: 1439: 6852: 6806: 6480: 6465: 5989: 5967: 5525: 5237:"Garshuni Manuscripts and Garshuni Notes in Syriac Manuscripts" 4562: 4467: 2944: 2002: 1917: 1905: 1865: 1815: 1775: 1656: 1559: 1322: 1270: 1246: 1188: 1176: 1172: 1157: 1130: 1098: 1018: 998: 994: 878: 874: 549: 509: 409: 389: 349: 209: 129: 109: 5683: 4736: 4625: 4548: 4536: 1774:, make up 12% of the population and mostly live in and around 7441: 6720: 6470: 6342: 6032: 3189:"'Living a new life now': Syrian children on resettling here" 2772: 2665: 1987: 1944: 1909: 1901: 1893: 1869: 1803: 1687:) in the Anti-Lebanon Mountains by both Muslim and Christian 1642:

became a genetic isolate in the predominantly Islamic world.

1639: 1622: 1614: 1227: 870: 818: 774: 724: 688: 629: 569: 449: 429: 369: 169: 89: 3855: 3853: 6460: 5985:

Photos and images of Syrian people, Syrian History – Online

3259:"The Caribbean History Archives: Syrian-Lebanese community" 2048: 1943:, a liquor produced from grapes or dates and flavored with 1936: 1925: 1630: 706: 329: 5632: 5529:"Genetic Stratigraphy of Key Demographic Events in Arabia" 4673: 4524: 4512: 4449:

Syria Under Assad: Domestic Constraints and Regional Risks

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denominations welcomed the Muslim Arabs as liberators.

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Grammatical Borrowing in Cross-Linguistic Perspective

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and settled in Syria. There are also roughly 500,000

5472: 4709: 3814: 3781: 3769: 3545: 3463: 2974:"Immigrants and Norwegian-born to immigrant parents" 1540:

Arabian Peninsula/East African ancestral components

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International Organization for Migration (IOM) 1133:) in contrast to Assyrians who had their native 600: 3454: 3114:Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency 1718: 280: 5341:La Syrie de Byzance à l'Islam VII-VIII Siècles 5199:Eastern Christianity in the Modern Middle East 2661:"Kuwait extends residency permits for Syrians" 2632: 1232:Syrians are mainly descended from the various 260: 7422: 6327: 6015: 5755:Empire and Ideology in the Graeco-Roman World 5274:"Syria. People: Ethnic and Linguistic Groups" 3983:A Companion to Ancient Near Eastern Languages 1699:speakers but there are also some speakers of 1415:-speaking group, that is, the inhabitants of 5097: 4278: 3501: 3433: 2804:Koundouno, Tamba François (3 January 2019). 2356:. Americas Society Council of the Americas. 1675:dialect, is still spoken in three villages ( 1558:which identifies descendants of the ancient 1053:, both of which originally derived from the 64: 42: 5062:Literacy and Identity in Pre-Islamic Arabia 4784:. 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Studying the genetic relation between 1532: 1355: 540: 500: 400: 380: 340: 200: 120: 100: 7030:Popular Front for Change and Liberation 5385: 5334: 5160: 5078: 4947: 4294: 4123: 4064: 4052: 3985:(1 ed.), Wiley, pp. 373–399, 3952: 3928: 3787: 3775: 3763: 3629:The Modern Assyrians of the Middle East 3604: 3583: 2323:"UNHCR Syria Regional Refugee Response" 2292:"UNHCR Syria Regional Refugee Response" 2212: 2171:"UNHCR Syria Regional Refugee Response" 1806:are a mountainous people who reside in 1766:is the religion of 74% of Syrians. The 1065:, modern-day Iraq. However, during the 1013:Various sources indicate that the name 993:also live outside Syria now, mostly in 913:The national name "Syrian" was used in 620: 560: 440: 420: 360: 160: 80: 7729: 5995:Syrian people, Encyclopædia Britannica 5453: 5315: 5297:Islam: A Guide for Jews and Christians 5292: 5234: 5116: 4411: 4396: 4357: 4348: 4339: 4330: 4319: 4246: 4199: 4171: 4107: 4095: 4076: 3976: 3804: 3401: 2605:from the original on 20 September 2022 2542:McFarlane, Nyree (28 September 2016). 2477: 2459:from the original on 13 September 2015 2446: 2193: 320: 7410: 7038:Political status of the Golan Heights 6315: 6003: 5749: 5729: 5419: 5218:Crusader Castles and Modern Histories 5196: 5182:. Vol. 5: Si-Z. Eerdmans.Brill. 4500: 4366: 4211: 3820: 3695: 3195:from the original on 29 November 2021 2925:from the original on 28 December 2021 2849:from the original on 14 November 2016 2785:from the original on 22 November 2018 2637:. Iberoamérica Social. Archived from 2507: 2501: 2449:"KSA already home to 500,000 Syrians" 2411: 2384:"Cómo será recordado Chávez en Siria" 1085:Applications of the name in antiquity 957:that had emigrated to North America ( 5318:Justinian and the Later Roman Empire 5247:. Holy Spirit University of Kaslik. 4998: 4922:from the original on 9 December 2014 3916: 3889: 3874: 3832: 3344: 3276: 3032:. Statistics Finland. Archived from 3006:from the original on 30 January 2021 3002:. Statistics Spain. 1 January 2021. 3000:"Instituto Nacional de Estadisticas" 2485:. U.S. Census Bureau. Archived from 2447:Jawhar, Sabria (10 September 2015). 2390:from the original on 16 January 2017 2360:from the original on 16 January 2017 1171:was imposed upon Arameans of modern 75:Regions with significant populations 23:. For Syrians outside of Syria, see 5732:"In Lebanon DNA may yet heal rifts" 4880:"Guide: Syria's diverse minorities" 4381: 4132:. Gorgias Press. pp. 307–314. 3611:. Printed for C. Bathurst. p. 3590:. 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Most 1399:, suggested that the rise of the 924:Mandate for Syria and the Lebanon 7752:Ethnic groups in the Middle East 7468:Greek Orthodox Church of Antioch 6719: 6045: 6031: 5966: 5897:10.1111/j.1469-1809.2009.00538.x 5276:. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. 5180:The Encyclodedia of Christianity 4901: 4872: 4857:. State.gov. 19 September 2008. 4847: 4809: 4771: 4730: 4715: 4703: 4691: 4679: 4667: 4655: 4643: 4631: 4619: 4607: 4595: 4571: 4556: 4542: 4530: 4518: 4506: 4494: 4440: 4405: 4390: 4375: 4369:The Origins of Syrian Nationhood 4351:The Origins of Syrian Nationhood 4333:The Origins of Syrian Nationhood 4313:The Origins of Syrian Nationhood 3287:. Theindian News. Archived from 3135:"Population by country of birth" 2354:"Syria Steps into Latin America" 2054: 1935:A typical Syrian breakfast is a 1433:Greek Orthodox Church of Antioch 1234:ancient Semitic-speaking peoples 1069:, this term was also applied to 991:refugees of the Syrian Civil War 717: 699: 681: 662: 642: 622: 602: 582: 562: 542: 522: 502: 482: 462: 442: 422: 402: 382: 362: 342: 322: 302: 282: 262: 242: 222: 202: 182: 162: 142: 122: 102: 82: 5738:from the original on 2021-03-08 5442:from the original on 2022-04-17 5408:from the original on 2022-04-17 5355:from the original on 2022-04-17 5293:Peters, Francis Edward (2003). 5259:from the original on 2023-04-04 5048:from the original on 2023-06-27 4987:from the original on 2023-04-04 4952:. Routledge. Ashgate Variorum. 4890:from the original on 2023-04-04 4861:from the original on 2023-04-04 4836:from the original on 2023-08-26 4798:from the original on 2023-08-26 4760:from the original on 2022-11-16 4353:. Routledge. pp. 134. 137. 4304: 4154:from the original on 2022-10-15 4117: 4015:from the original on 2022-10-15 3970: 3745: 3684:from the original on 2023-08-26 3657: 3646:from the original on 2023-08-26 3619: 3598: 3577: 3566:from the original on 2023-08-26 3525:from the original on 2023-08-26 3495: 3484:from the original on 2023-08-26 3427: 3416:from the original on 2013-05-21 3395: 3373: 3347:Journal of Near Eastern Studies 3338: 3312:Journal of Near Eastern Studies 3303: 3265:from the original on 2023-04-04 3251: 3229: 3207: 3181: 3170:from the original on 2023-07-25 3152: 3141:from the original on 2023-01-21 3127: 3102: 3074: 3048: 3018: 2992: 2955:from the original on 2021-03-16 2937: 2911: 2900:from the original on 2023-05-12 2886: 2875:from the original on 2023-08-18 2861: 2816:from the original on 2023-03-25 2797: 2766: 2740: 2729:from the original on 2023-08-21 2715: 2703:from the original on 2021-07-06 2653: 2617: 2591: 2566: 2535: 2526: 2471: 2424:from the original on 6 May 2019 2405: 2382:Nachawati, Leila (March 2013). 2375: 2345: 2314: 2283: 2240:"Migration Stock in Egypt 2022" 2151:from the original on 2023-05-21 2096:from the original on 2013-12-24 2040: 2030: 1444:The Arabs in Arabia called the 1109:considered "Syria" west of the 902:, which is still spoken in its 5394:. Archetype Publications Ltd. 5301:. Princeton University Press. 5220:. Cambridge University Press. 5083:. Cambridge University Press. 5079:Andrade, Nathanael J. (2013). 3437:Encyclopedia of Ancient Greece 3404:"Assyria and Syria: Synonyms?" 3060:Office for National Statistics 2412:Gomez, Diego (February 2012). 2257: 2200:http://amerika.revues.org/2746 2162: 2137: 2107: 2086:"Syria Population 2023 (Live)" 2078: 2014: 1152:of the Hellenistic kingdom of 1: 7618:Black people of Yarmouk Basin 7490:Melkite Greek Catholic Church 5945:10.1126/science.290.5494.1155 4124:Akopian, Arman (2017-12-11). 3511:. Mohr Siebeck. p. 153. 3390:s:History of Herodotus/Book 7 3217:. theguardian. 8 January 2024 3082:"Country of birth (detailed)" 2067: 1800:Melkite Greek Catholic Church 1545:Levantine ancestral component 1429:Melkite Greek Catholic Church 1267:Muslim conquest of the Levant 1097:and other inhabitants of the 896:Muslim conquest of the Levant 894:. In the centuries after the 7178:Energy and mineral resources 6978:Supreme Constitutional Court 5980:Syrian people, Every Culture 5808:10.1371/journal.pone.0054616 5704:10.1371/journal.pgen.1003316 5607:10.1371/journal.pone.0192269 5554:10.1371/journal.pone.0118625 4335:. Routledge. pp. 37–38. 3089:National Records of Scotland 2921:. Le Monde. 31 August 2021. 2748:"The New Lost Boys of Sudan" 2072: 1725:Freedom of religion in Syria 1719:Religion and minority groups 1048: 1034: 1008: 967:European Union member states 7: 7522:Assyrian Church of the East 7200:Water supply and sanitation 7100:Weapons of mass destruction 7003:Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party 4822:. SUNY Press. p. 299. 3605:History, Universal (1779). 3584:History, Universal (1779). 3434:Nigel Wilson (2013-10-31). 2845:(in German). 14 June 2016. 2386:(in Spanish). ElDiario.es. 1961: 1645: 1518: 1470: 809:Assyrian Church of the East 10: 7773: 7663:Turkmens/Turkomans (Turks) 7095:Chief of the General Staff 7023:National Progressive Front 6695:independent First Republic 5763:Cambridge University Press 5386:Schulze, Wolfgang (2010). 5216:Ellenblum, Ronnie (2006). 5163:The Encyclopaedia of Islam 5146:The Encyclopaedia of Islam 4940: 4138:10.31826/9781463238933-022 3991:10.1002/9781119193814.ch20 3979:"Aramaic as Lingua Franca" 3721:10.1016/j.ajhg.2020.05.008 3667:The Great Roman-Jewish War 3440:. Routledge. p. 652. 1954: 1853: 1841: 1796:Antiochian Orthodox Church 1794:; the two largest are the 1722: 1649: 1550:Other ancestral components 1522: 1221: 1217: 1204:The Great Roman-Jewish War 953:, there was quite a large 885:, as a mother tongue. The 95:24,229,544 (2024 estimate) 18: 7717: 7671: 7583: 7448: 7373: 7294: 7221: 7212: 7170: 7121: 7112: 7063: 6878: 6869: 6830: 6779: 6741: 6737: 6728: 6717: 6649: 6632: 6534: 6426: 6380: 6362: 6353: 6279: 6258: 6197: 6176: 6135: 6062: 6055: 5730:Perry, Tom (2007-09-10). 5390:. In Oddy, Andrew (ed.). 5235:Braida, Emanuela (2012). 4426:10.1080/00263200500417512 4397:Gelvin, James L. (1999). 4371:. Routledge. p. 255. 3664:Flavius Josephus (2004). 2238:The UN Migration agency. 1077:of north Mesopotamia and 1041: 1027: 837: 832: 769: 764: 738: 733: 715: 697: 679: 659: 639: 619: 599: 579: 559: 539: 519: 499: 479: 459: 439: 419: 399: 379: 359: 339: 319: 299: 279: 259: 239: 219: 199: 179: 159: 139: 119: 99: 79: 74: 63: 58: 7747:Semitic-speaking peoples 7515:Chaldean Catholic Church 7500:Armenian Catholic Church 7485:Catholic Church in Syria 7478:Armenian Orthodox Church 5885:Annals of Human Genetics 5316:Barker, John W. (1966). 4948:Hoyland, Robert (2001). 4451:. Routledge. p. 14. 4315:. Routledge. p. 22. 4279:Held & Cummings 2018 2869:"Syriens en France 2022" 2115:"Syrian Arabic Republic" 2008: 1529:Genetic studies on Arabs 1509:Syrian National Congress 1179:created the province of 7463:Eastern Orthodox Church 6605:Principality of Antioch 5034:10.3406/topoi.2009.2306 3239:. Daraj. 8 January 2024 2633:J. Códoba-Toro (2015). 2508:Hitti, Philip (2005) . 2090:World Population Review 1387:; kept the pre-Islamic 1017:itself is derived from 801:Melkite Greek Catholics 21:Syrian (disambiguation) 7495:Syriac Catholic Church 7473:Syriac Orthodox Church 7146:International rankings 6792:Anti-Lebanon Mountains 6456:Middle Assyrian Empire 5500:10.1073/pnas.100115997 5335:Kennedy, Hugh (1992). 5022:Topoi. Orient-Occident 5001:Topoi. Orient-Occident 4973:Topoi. Orient-Occident 4414:Middle Eastern Studies 2510:The Syrians in America 2418:distintaslatitudes.net 1851: 1759: 1665:Modern Standard Arabic 1617:populations; based on 1551: 1385:Syrian Catholic Church 1381:Syriac Orthodox Church 1361: 1325:ordered his governor, 1300:Linguistic Arabization 69: 6951:Government ministries 6501:Neo-Babylonian Empire 5975:at Wikimedia Commons 5853:10.1038/ejhg.2010.177 5454:Joseph, John (2000). 5420:Novak, Mirko (2016). 4563:Fernandes et al. 2015 4420:(2). Routledge: 189. 3632:. BRILL. p. 10. 3402:Joseph, John (2008). 1955:Further information: 1854:Further information: 1849: 1810:who helped spark the 1750: 1737:Christianity in Syria 1671:, the only surviving 1635:Eastern Mediterranean 1536: 1359: 1148:In one instance, the 920:Arab Kingdom of Syria 918:establishment of the 833:Related ethnic groups 68: 7263:(2011–present) 7159:Securities Exchange 6910:Council of Ministers 6665:Haj Fadel Government 6168:United Arab Emirates 4754:"The World Factbook" 4674:Marshall et al. 2016 4578:El‐Sibai et al. 2009 4525:Marshall et al. 2016 4513:Marshall et al. 2016 4489:El-Sibai et al. 2009 4202:, pp. 185, 186. 3626:John Joseph (2000). 3036:on 20 September 2022 2750:. 13 November 2019. 2333:on 22 September 2015 2302:on 22 September 2015 2119:www.itamaraty.gov.br 1703:, especially in the 873:, indigenous to the 310:United Arab Emirates 6939:Golan Heights claim 6496:Neo-Assyrian Empire 6491:Syro-Hittite states 6381:Prehistorical Syria 5937:2000Sci...290.1155S 5799:2013PLoSO...854616B 5651:2016NatSR...635837M 5598:2018PLoSO..1392269H 5545:2015PLoSO..1018625F 5491:2000PNAS...97.6769H 3752:Commins et al. 2018 2489:on 14 February 2020 2483:American FactFinder 1812:Great Syrian Revolt 1669:Western Neo-Aramaic 1413:Western Neo-Aramaic 1403:writing (using the 1292:, the precursor of 797:Antiochian Orthodox 747:Mesopotamian Arabic 635:8,227 (Syrian born) 55: 7190:Telecommunications 7183:Petroleum industry 6687:Mandatory Republic 6633:Early modern Syria 6388:Levantine corridor 5639:Scientific Reports 5241:Parole de l'Orient 4722:Hajjej et al. 2018 4710:Hammer et al. 2000 4698:Hajjej et al. 2018 4686:Hajjej et al. 2018 4614:Hajjej et al. 2018 4602:Hajjej et al. 2018 4590:Semino et al. 2000 2949:Statistics Denmark 2843:Statistics Austria 2810:Morocco World News 2224:2008-12-11 at the 2205:2012-01-15 at the 2125:on 20 October 2018 1852: 1760: 1689:Arameans (Syriacs) 1627:Lebanese Armenians 1552: 1483:Rashidun Caliphate 1431:, but also to the 1397:François Lenormant 1362: 1306:Rashidun Caliphate 1304:On the eve of the 1143:Hellenistic period 70: 33: 7724: 7723: 7672:Foreign nationals 7638:Dom/Nawar (Gypsy) 7404: 7403: 7369: 7368: 7208: 7207: 7108: 7107: 6997:Political parties 6934:Foreign relations 6865: 6864: 6861: 6860: 6715: 6714: 6675:Syrian Federation 6610:County of Tripoli 6565:Ikhshidid dynasty 6418:Yarmukian culture 6309: 6308: 6305: 6304: 5971:Media related to 5772:978-1-107-13589-5 5659:10.1038/srep35837 5465:978-90-04-32005-5 5435:978-1-588-39606-8 5401:978-1-904-98262-3 5378:978-9-231-03830-3 5327:978-0-299-03944-8 5308:978-1-400-82548-6 5227:978-0-521-86083-3 5208:978-1-135-19371-3 5189:978-0-802-82417-2 5128:978-3-110-19628-3 5109:978-0-429-96199-1 5090:978-1-107-01205-9 5071:978-0-754-65965-5 4959:978-0-415-19535-5 4737:Haber et al. 2013 4662:Badro et al. 2013 4650:Badro et al. 2013 4638:Haber et al. 2011 4626:Haber et al. 2013 4549:Haber et al. 2013 4537:Haber et al. 2013 4474:Haber et al. 2011 4462:Badro et al. 2013 4147:978-1-4632-3893-3 4000:978-1-119-19329-6 2693:Statistics Canada 2635:"Árabes en Chile" 2574:"Syrians in Iraq" 2519:978-1-59333-176-4 2512:. Gorgias Press. 2267:. 20 April 2023. 1824:Assyrian genocide 1820:Armenian genocide 1788:Syrian Christians 1754:– Interview with 1748: 1729:Religion in Syria 1713:Syriac Christians 1599:Mitochondrial DNA 1480: 1468: 1460:بِـلَاد الـشَّـام 1238:ancient Near East 1150:Ptolemaic dynasty 883:Levantine dialect 881:, especially its 856: 855: 813:Chaldean Catholic 7764: 7431: 7424: 7417: 7408: 7407: 7389: 7382: 7264: 7219: 7218: 7162: 7161:(stock exchange) 7154: 7119: 7118: 7032: 7025: 7016: 7014:regional command 7005: 6876: 6875: 6848:Fertile Crescent 6739: 6738: 6735: 6734: 6723: 6600:County of Edessa 6580:Mirdasid dynasty 6575:Hamdanid dynasty 6554: 6521:Palmyrene Empire 6506:Achaemenid Syria 6393:Natufian culture 6360: 6359: 6336: 6329: 6322: 6313: 6312: 6060: 6059: 6050: 6049: 6036: 6035: 6024: 6017: 6010: 6001: 6000: 5970: 5956: 5931:(5494): 1155–9. 5918: 5908: 5874: 5864: 5830: 5820: 5810: 5776: 5746: 5744: 5743: 5726: 5716: 5706: 5680: 5670: 5629: 5619: 5609: 5576: 5566: 5556: 5522: 5512: 5502: 5469: 5450: 5448: 5447: 5416: 5414: 5413: 5382: 5363: 5361: 5360: 5331: 5312: 5300: 5289: 5287: 5285: 5267: 5265: 5264: 5231: 5212: 5193: 5174: 5157: 5140: 5113: 5094: 5075: 5056: 5054: 5053: 5012: 4995: 4993: 4992: 4963: 4935: 4934: 4929: 4927: 4905: 4899: 4898: 4896: 4895: 4876: 4870: 4869: 4867: 4866: 4851: 4845: 4844: 4842: 4841: 4813: 4807: 4806: 4804: 4803: 4775: 4769: 4768: 4766: 4765: 4750: 4744: 4734: 4728: 4719: 4713: 4707: 4701: 4695: 4689: 4683: 4677: 4671: 4665: 4659: 4653: 4647: 4641: 4635: 4629: 4623: 4617: 4611: 4605: 4599: 4593: 4587: 4581: 4575: 4569: 4560: 4554: 4546: 4540: 4534: 4528: 4522: 4516: 4510: 4504: 4498: 4492: 4486: 4477: 4471: 4465: 4459: 4453: 4452: 4444: 4438: 4437: 4409: 4403: 4402: 4394: 4388: 4387: 4382:Dawisha, Adeed. 4379: 4373: 4372: 4364: 4355: 4354: 4346: 4337: 4336: 4328: 4317: 4316: 4308: 4302: 4292: 4286: 4276: 4270: 4260: 4254: 4244: 4235: 4225: 4219: 4209: 4203: 4197: 4191: 4181: 4175: 4169: 4163: 4162: 4160: 4159: 4121: 4115: 4105: 4099: 4093: 4084: 4074: 4068: 4062: 4056: 4050: 4044: 4034: 4023: 4022: 4021: 4020: 3974: 3968: 3962: 3956: 3950: 3944: 3938: 3932: 3926: 3920: 3914: 3905: 3899: 3893: 3887: 3878: 3872: 3863: 3857: 3848: 3842: 3836: 3830: 3824: 3818: 3812: 3802: 3791: 3785: 3779: 3773: 3767: 3761: 3755: 3749: 3743: 3742: 3732: 3699: 3693: 3692: 3690: 3689: 3661: 3655: 3654: 3652: 3651: 3623: 3617: 3616: 3602: 3596: 3595: 3581: 3575: 3574: 3572: 3571: 3543: 3534: 3533: 3531: 3530: 3499: 3493: 3492: 3490: 3489: 3461: 3452: 3451: 3431: 3425: 3424: 3422: 3421: 3415: 3408: 3399: 3393: 3377: 3371: 3370: 3342: 3336: 3335: 3307: 3301: 3300: 3298: 3296: 3291:on March 4, 2016 3280: 3274: 3273: 3271: 3270: 3255: 3249: 3248: 3246: 3244: 3233: 3227: 3226: 3224: 3222: 3211: 3205: 3204: 3202: 3200: 3185: 3179: 3178: 3176: 3175: 3156: 3150: 3149: 3147: 3146: 3131: 3125: 3124: 3122: 3120: 3106: 3100: 3099: 3097: 3095: 3086: 3078: 3072: 3071: 3069: 3067: 3052: 3046: 3045: 3043: 3041: 3022: 3016: 3015: 3013: 3011: 2996: 2990: 2989: 2987: 2985: 2970: 2964: 2963: 2961: 2960: 2941: 2935: 2934: 2932: 2930: 2915: 2909: 2908: 2906: 2905: 2890: 2884: 2883: 2881: 2880: 2871:. 21 June 2023. 2865: 2859: 2858: 2856: 2854: 2840: 2831: 2825: 2824: 2822: 2821: 2801: 2795: 2794: 2792: 2790: 2770: 2764: 2763: 2761: 2759: 2744: 2738: 2737: 2735: 2734: 2719: 2713: 2712: 2710: 2708: 2689: 2683: 2682: 2680: 2678: 2657: 2651: 2650: 2648: 2646: 2641:on 28 April 2021 2630: 2624: 2621: 2615: 2614: 2612: 2610: 2595: 2589: 2588: 2586: 2585: 2576:. Archived from 2570: 2564: 2563: 2561: 2559: 2539: 2533: 2530: 2524: 2523: 2505: 2499: 2498: 2496: 2494: 2475: 2469: 2468: 2466: 2464: 2444: 2438: 2437: 2431: 2429: 2409: 2403: 2402: 2397: 2395: 2379: 2373: 2372: 2367: 2365: 2349: 2343: 2342: 2340: 2338: 2329:. Archived from 2318: 2312: 2311: 2309: 2307: 2298:. Archived from 2287: 2281: 2280: 2278: 2276: 2261: 2255: 2254: 2252: 2250: 2244: 2235: 2229: 2216: 2210: 2197: 2191: 2190: 2188: 2186: 2177:. Archived from 2166: 2160: 2159: 2157: 2156: 2141: 2135: 2134: 2132: 2130: 2121:. Archived from 2111: 2105: 2104: 2102: 2101: 2082: 2062: 2058: 2052: 2044: 2038: 2034: 2028: 2018: 1968:History of Syria 1756:Paolo Dall'Oglio 1749: 1709:Classical Syriac 1661:Levantine Arabic 1652:Levantine Arabic 1549: 1544: 1539: 1501:Kingdom of Hejaz 1475: 1473: 1463: 1461: 1393:Carl Brockelmann 1377:West Syriac Rite 1294:Classical Arabic 1051: 1044: 1043: 1037: 1030: 1029: 951:Syrian Civil War 900:Aramaic (Syriac) 868: 803:; a minority of 752:Aramaic (Syriac) 723: 721: 720: 705: 703: 702: 687: 685: 684: 672: 668: 666: 665: 652: 648: 646: 645: 632: 628: 626: 625: 612: 608: 606: 605: 592: 588: 586: 585: 572: 568: 566: 565: 552: 548: 546: 545: 532: 528: 526: 525: 512: 508: 506: 505: 492: 488: 486: 485: 472: 468: 466: 465: 452: 448: 446: 445: 435:60,000 – 250,000 432: 428: 426: 425: 412: 408: 406: 405: 392: 388: 386: 385: 372: 368: 366: 365: 352: 348: 346: 345: 332: 328: 326: 325: 312: 308: 306: 305: 292: 288: 286: 285: 272: 268: 266: 265: 252: 248: 246: 245: 232: 228: 226: 225: 212: 208: 206: 205: 192: 188: 186: 185: 172: 168: 166: 165: 152: 148: 146: 145: 132: 128: 126: 125: 112: 108: 106: 105: 92: 88: 86: 85: 59:Total population 56: 46: 45: 32: 7772: 7771: 7767: 7766: 7765: 7763: 7762: 7761: 7742:Syrian diaspora 7727: 7726: 7725: 7720: 7713: 7667: 7579: 7505:Maronite Church 7444: 7435: 7405: 7400: 7392: 7385: 7378: 7365: 7290: 7276:Public holidays 7262: 7204: 7166: 7160: 7152: 7104: 7059: 7028: 7021: 7008: 7001: 6857: 6826: 6775: 6724: 6711: 6701:Second Republic 6645: 6628: 6595:Crusader states 6560:Tulunid dynasty 6553:(Bilad al-Sham) 6552: 6550:Caliphal Syria 6544:Muslim conquest 6530: 6526:Byzantine Syria 6441:Akkadian Empire 6422: 6376: 6349: 6340: 6310: 6301: 6275: 6254: 6193: 6172: 6131: 6051: 6044: 6030: 6028: 5973:People of Syria 5964: 5959: 5773: 5751:Isaac, Benjamin 5741: 5739: 5697:(2): e1003316. 5592:(3): e0192269. 5539:(3): e0118625. 5466: 5445: 5443: 5436: 5411: 5409: 5402: 5379: 5358: 5356: 5328: 5309: 5283: 5281: 5262: 5260: 5228: 5209: 5190: 5129: 5110: 5091: 5072: 5051: 5049: 4990: 4988: 4960: 4943: 4938: 4925: 4923: 4906: 4902: 4893: 4891: 4878: 4877: 4873: 4864: 4862: 4853: 4852: 4848: 4839: 4837: 4830: 4814: 4810: 4801: 4799: 4792: 4776: 4772: 4763: 4761: 4752: 4751: 4747: 4742: 4740: 4735: 4731: 4725: 4720: 4716: 4708: 4704: 4696: 4692: 4684: 4680: 4672: 4668: 4660: 4656: 4648: 4644: 4636: 4632: 4624: 4620: 4612: 4608: 4600: 4596: 4588: 4584: 4576: 4572: 4566: 4561: 4557: 4552: 4547: 4543: 4535: 4531: 4523: 4519: 4511: 4507: 4499: 4495: 4487: 4480: 4472: 4468: 4460: 4456: 4445: 4441: 4410: 4406: 4395: 4391: 4380: 4376: 4365: 4358: 4347: 4340: 4329: 4320: 4309: 4305: 4293: 4289: 4277: 4273: 4261: 4257: 4245: 4238: 4228:al-Bagdadi 2008 4226: 4222: 4210: 4206: 4198: 4194: 4182: 4178: 4170: 4166: 4157: 4155: 4148: 4122: 4118: 4106: 4102: 4094: 4087: 4075: 4071: 4063: 4059: 4051: 4047: 4035: 4026: 4018: 4016: 4001: 3975: 3971: 3963: 3959: 3951: 3947: 3939: 3935: 3927: 3923: 3915: 3908: 3902:Macdonald 2009b 3900: 3896: 3888: 3881: 3873: 3866: 3860:Macdonald 2009a 3858: 3851: 3845:Macdonald 2009a 3843: 3839: 3831: 3827: 3819: 3815: 3803: 3794: 3786: 3782: 3774: 3770: 3762: 3758: 3750: 3746: 3700: 3696: 3687: 3685: 3678: 3662: 3658: 3649: 3647: 3640: 3624: 3620: 3603: 3599: 3582: 3578: 3569: 3567: 3560: 3544: 3537: 3528: 3526: 3519: 3500: 3496: 3487: 3485: 3478: 3462: 3455: 3448: 3432: 3428: 3419: 3417: 3413: 3406: 3400: 3396: 3378: 3374: 3343: 3339: 3308: 3304: 3294: 3292: 3283:Singh, Shubha. 3281: 3277: 3268: 3266: 3257: 3256: 3252: 3242: 3240: 3235: 3234: 3230: 3220: 3218: 3213: 3212: 3208: 3198: 3196: 3187: 3186: 3182: 3173: 3171: 3158: 3157: 3153: 3144: 3142: 3133: 3132: 3128: 3118: 3116: 3108: 3107: 3103: 3093: 3091: 3084: 3080: 3079: 3075: 3065: 3063: 3062:. 26 March 2013 3054: 3053: 3049: 3039: 3037: 3024: 3023: 3019: 3009: 3007: 2998: 2997: 2993: 2983: 2981: 2972: 2971: 2967: 2958: 2956: 2943: 2942: 2938: 2928: 2926: 2917: 2916: 2912: 2903: 2901: 2892: 2891: 2887: 2878: 2876: 2867: 2866: 2862: 2852: 2850: 2838: 2833: 2832: 2828: 2819: 2817: 2802: 2798: 2788: 2786: 2779:priyadsouza.com 2771: 2767: 2757: 2755: 2746: 2745: 2741: 2732: 2730: 2721: 2720: 2716: 2706: 2704: 2690: 2686: 2676: 2674: 2673:on 28 June 2017 2659: 2658: 2654: 2644: 2642: 2631: 2627: 2622: 2618: 2608: 2606: 2597: 2596: 2592: 2583: 2581: 2572: 2571: 2567: 2557: 2555: 2540: 2536: 2531: 2527: 2520: 2506: 2502: 2492: 2490: 2476: 2472: 2462: 2460: 2445: 2441: 2427: 2425: 2410: 2406: 2393: 2391: 2380: 2376: 2363: 2361: 2350: 2346: 2336: 2334: 2319: 2315: 2305: 2303: 2288: 2284: 2274: 2272: 2263: 2262: 2258: 2248: 2246: 2242: 2236: 2232: 2226:Wayback Machine 2217: 2213: 2207:Wayback Machine 2198: 2194: 2184: 2182: 2181:on 5 March 2018 2167: 2163: 2154: 2152: 2143: 2142: 2138: 2128: 2126: 2113: 2112: 2108: 2099: 2097: 2084: 2083: 2079: 2075: 2070: 2065: 2059: 2055: 2045: 2041: 2035: 2031: 2019: 2015: 2011: 1964: 1959: 1957:List of Syrians 1953: 1858: 1844: 1770:, a variety of 1741: 1739: 1723:Main articles: 1721: 1673:Western Aramaic 1654: 1648: 1547: 1546: 1542: 1541: 1537: 1531: 1521: 1446:region of Syria 1442: 1405:Syriac alphabet 1389:Syrian (Syriac) 1370:Eastern Aramaic 1360:Garshuni sample 1302: 1275:Pliny the Elder 1230: 1222:Main articles: 1220: 1175:by the Romans. 1115:Seleucid Empire 1087: 1081:of the Levant. 1067:Seleucid Empire 1057:word Aššūrāyu ( 1011: 955:Syrian diaspora 828: 805:Syriac Orthodox 760: 718: 716: 700: 698: 682: 680: 663: 661: 643: 641: 623: 621: 603: 601: 583: 581: 563: 561: 543: 541: 523: 521: 503: 501: 483: 481: 463: 461: 443: 441: 423: 421: 403: 401: 383: 381: 363: 361: 343: 341: 323: 321: 303: 301: 283: 281: 263: 261: 243: 241: 223: 221: 203: 201: 183: 181: 163: 161: 143: 141: 123: 121: 103: 101: 83: 81: 54: 31: 28: 25:Syrian diaspora 17: 12: 11: 5: 7770: 7760: 7759: 7754: 7749: 7744: 7739: 7722: 7721: 7718: 7715: 7714: 7712: 7711: 7706: 7701: 7696: 7691: 7686: 7681: 7675: 7673: 7669: 7668: 7666: 7665: 7660: 7655: 7650: 7645: 7640: 7635: 7630: 7625: 7620: 7615: 7610: 7605: 7604: 7603: 7593: 7587: 7585: 7581: 7580: 7578: 7577: 7572: 7566: 7565: 7564: 7563: 7558: 7553: 7548: 7543: 7532: 7531: 7530: 7529: 7524: 7519: 7518: 7517: 7512: 7507: 7502: 7497: 7492: 7482: 7481: 7480: 7475: 7470: 7454: 7452: 7446: 7445: 7434: 7433: 7426: 7419: 7411: 7402: 7401: 7399: 7398: 7391: 7390: 7383: 7375: 7374: 7371: 7370: 7367: 7366: 7364: 7363: 7358: 7353: 7348: 7347: 7346: 7341: 7331: 7326: 7321: 7311: 7306: 7300: 7298: 7292: 7291: 7289: 7288: 7283: 7278: 7273: 7272: 7271: 7266: 7258: 7248: 7243: 7238: 7233: 7228: 7222: 7216: 7210: 7209: 7206: 7205: 7203: 7202: 7197: 7192: 7187: 7186: 7185: 7174: 7172: 7171:Infrastructure 7168: 7167: 7165: 7164: 7156: 7148: 7143: 7138: 7133: 7128: 7122: 7116: 7110: 7109: 7106: 7105: 7103: 7102: 7097: 7092: 7087: 7086: 7085: 7075: 7069: 7067: 7061: 7060: 7058: 7057: 7052: 7051: 7050: 7048:Syria (region) 7040: 7035: 7034: 7033: 7026: 7019: 7018: 7017: 6994: 6993: 6992: 6982: 6981: 6980: 6975: 6965: 6964: 6963: 6953: 6948: 6947: 6946: 6941: 6931: 6926: 6925: 6924: 6923: 6922: 6915:Prime Minister 6907: 6905:Vice President 6902: 6901: 6900: 6890: 6885: 6879: 6873: 6867: 6866: 6863: 6862: 6859: 6858: 6856: 6855: 6850: 6845: 6843:Southern Syria 6840: 6838:Syria (region) 6834: 6832: 6828: 6827: 6825: 6824: 6819: 6814: 6809: 6804: 6799: 6794: 6789: 6783: 6781: 6777: 6776: 6774: 6773: 6768: 6763: 6758: 6753: 6748: 6742: 6732: 6726: 6725: 6718: 6716: 6713: 6712: 6710: 6709: 6704: 6698: 6692: 6691: 6690: 6684: 6681:State of Syria 6678: 6670:French Mandate 6667: 6662: 6655: 6653: 6647: 6646: 6644: 6643: 6636: 6634: 6630: 6629: 6627: 6626: 6620: 6614: 6613: 6612: 6607: 6602: 6592: 6590:Saljuqid Syria 6587: 6582: 6577: 6572: 6570:Zangid dynasty 6567: 6562: 6557: 6547: 6540: 6538: 6536:Medieval Syria 6532: 6531: 6529: 6528: 6523: 6518: 6513: 6511:Seleucid Syria 6508: 6503: 6498: 6493: 6488: 6483: 6478: 6473: 6468: 6463: 6458: 6453: 6448: 6443: 6438: 6432: 6430: 6424: 6423: 6421: 6420: 6415: 6410: 6405: 6400: 6395: 6390: 6384: 6382: 6378: 6377: 6375: 6374: 6372:Years in Syria 6369: 6363: 6357: 6351: 6350: 6339: 6338: 6331: 6324: 6316: 6307: 6306: 6303: 6302: 6300: 6299: 6294: 6289: 6283: 6281: 6277: 6276: 6274: 6273: 6268: 6262: 6260: 6256: 6255: 6253: 6252: 6250:United Kingdom 6247: 6242: 6237: 6232: 6227: 6222: 6217: 6212: 6207: 6201: 6199: 6195: 6194: 6192: 6191: 6186: 6180: 6178: 6174: 6173: 6171: 6170: 6165: 6160: 6155: 6150: 6145: 6139: 6137: 6133: 6132: 6130: 6129: 6124: 6119: 6114: 6113: 6112: 6102: 6097: 6092: 6087: 6082: 6077: 6072: 6066: 6064: 6057: 6053: 6052: 6027: 6026: 6019: 6012: 6004: 5998: 5997: 5992: 5987: 5982: 5963: 5962:External links 5960: 5958: 5957: 5919: 5891:(6): 568–581. 5875: 5847:(3): 334–340. 5831: 5777: 5771: 5747: 5727: 5681: 5630: 5577: 5523: 5470: 5464: 5451: 5434: 5417: 5400: 5383: 5377: 5364: 5332: 5326: 5313: 5307: 5290: 5268: 5232: 5226: 5213: 5207: 5194: 5188: 5175: 5158: 5141: 5127: 5114: 5108: 5095: 5089: 5076: 5070: 5057: 5013: 4996: 4964: 4958: 4944: 4942: 4939: 4937: 4936: 4900: 4886:. 2011-12-09. 4871: 4846: 4828: 4808: 4790: 4770: 4745: 4729: 4714: 4702: 4690: 4678: 4666: 4654: 4642: 4630: 4618: 4606: 4594: 4582: 4570: 4555: 4541: 4529: 4517: 4505: 4493: 4478: 4466: 4454: 4439: 4404: 4389: 4374: 4356: 4338: 4318: 4303: 4287: 4271: 4255: 4236: 4220: 4204: 4192: 4184:Ellenblum 2006 4176: 4174:, p. 182. 4164: 4146: 4116: 4100: 4098:, p. 183. 4085: 4069: 4067:, p. 292. 4057: 4045: 4037:al-Hassan 2001 4024: 3999: 3969: 3967:, p. 305. 3965:Macdonald 2003 3957: 3945: 3943:, p. 317. 3941:Macdonald 2003 3933: 3931:, p. 230. 3921: 3919:, p. 334. 3906: 3894: 3892:, p. 322. 3879: 3877:, p. 320. 3864: 3862:, p. 319. 3849: 3847:, p. 298. 3837: 3835:, p. 319. 3825: 3823:, p. 123. 3813: 3792: 3780: 3768: 3756: 3744: 3715:(1): 149–157. 3694: 3676: 3656: 3639:978-9004116412 3638: 3618: 3597: 3576: 3558: 3535: 3517: 3494: 3476: 3453: 3446: 3426: 3394: 3372: 3359:10.1086/373570 3353:(4): 281–285. 3337: 3324:10.1086/511103 3318:(4): 284–287. 3302: 3275: 3261:. 2011-10-03. 3250: 3228: 3206: 3180: 3151: 3126: 3101: 3073: 3047: 3017: 2991: 2965: 2936: 2910: 2885: 2860: 2826: 2796: 2765: 2739: 2714: 2695:(2019-02-20). 2684: 2652: 2625: 2616: 2590: 2565: 2534: 2525: 2518: 2500: 2470: 2439: 2420:(in Spanish). 2404: 2374: 2352:Jordan, Levi. 2344: 2313: 2282: 2256: 2230: 2211: 2192: 2161: 2136: 2106: 2076: 2074: 2071: 2069: 2066: 2064: 2063: 2053: 2039: 2029: 2012: 2010: 2007: 2006: 2005: 2000: 1995: 1990: 1985: 1980: 1975: 1970: 1963: 1960: 1952: 1951:Notable people 1949: 1856:Syrian cuisine 1843: 1840: 1808:Jabal al-Druze 1792:Byzantine Rite 1790:adhere to the 1733:Islam in Syria 1720: 1717: 1705:Khabour Valley 1697:Turoyo-Aramaic 1647: 1644: 1556:genetic marker 1520: 1517: 1441: 1438: 1437: 1436: 1409: 1301: 1298: 1242:Greek colonies 1219: 1216: 1086: 1083: 1061:) in northern 1010: 1007: 854: 853: 835: 834: 830: 829: 827: 826: 821: 816: 790: 770: 767: 766: 762: 761: 759: 758: 749: 739: 736: 735: 731: 730: 727: 713: 712: 709: 695: 694: 691: 677: 676: 673: 657: 656: 653: 637: 636: 633: 617: 616: 613: 610:United Kingdom 597: 596: 593: 577: 576: 573: 557: 556: 553: 537: 536: 533: 517: 516: 513: 497: 496: 493: 477: 476: 473: 457: 456: 453: 437: 436: 433: 417: 416: 413: 397: 396: 393: 377: 376: 373: 357: 356: 353: 337: 336: 333: 317: 316: 313: 297: 296: 293: 277: 276: 273: 257: 256: 253: 237: 236: 233: 217: 216: 213: 197: 196: 193: 177: 176: 173: 157: 156: 153: 137: 136: 133: 117: 116: 113: 97: 96: 93: 77: 76: 72: 71: 61: 60: 53: 52: 47: 40: 34: 29: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7769: 7758: 7755: 7753: 7750: 7748: 7745: 7743: 7740: 7738: 7737:Syrian people 7735: 7734: 7732: 7716: 7710: 7707: 7705: 7702: 7700: 7697: 7695: 7692: 7690: 7687: 7685: 7682: 7680: 7677: 7676: 7674: 7670: 7664: 7661: 7659: 7656: 7654: 7651: 7649: 7646: 7644: 7641: 7639: 7636: 7634: 7631: 7629: 7626: 7624: 7621: 7619: 7616: 7614: 7611: 7609: 7606: 7602: 7599: 7598: 7597: 7594: 7592: 7589: 7588: 7586: 7584:Ethnic groups 7582: 7576: 7573: 7571: 7568: 7567: 7562: 7559: 7557: 7554: 7552: 7549: 7547: 7544: 7542: 7539: 7538: 7537: 7534: 7533: 7528: 7525: 7523: 7520: 7516: 7513: 7511: 7508: 7506: 7503: 7501: 7498: 7496: 7493: 7491: 7488: 7487: 7486: 7483: 7479: 7476: 7474: 7471: 7469: 7466: 7465: 7464: 7461: 7460: 7459: 7456: 7455: 7453: 7451: 7447: 7443: 7439: 7432: 7427: 7425: 7420: 7418: 7413: 7412: 7409: 7397: 7394: 7393: 7388: 7384: 7381: 7377: 7376: 7372: 7362: 7359: 7357: 7354: 7352: 7349: 7345: 7342: 7340: 7337: 7336: 7335: 7332: 7330: 7327: 7325: 7322: 7319: 7315: 7312: 7310: 7307: 7305: 7302: 7301: 7299: 7297: 7293: 7287: 7284: 7282: 7279: 7277: 7274: 7270: 7267: 7265: 7259: 7257: 7254: 7253: 7252: 7249: 7247: 7244: 7242: 7239: 7237: 7234: 7232: 7229: 7227: 7224: 7223: 7220: 7217: 7215: 7211: 7201: 7198: 7196: 7193: 7191: 7188: 7184: 7181: 7180: 7179: 7176: 7175: 7173: 7169: 7163: 7157: 7155: 7149: 7147: 7144: 7142: 7139: 7137: 7134: 7132: 7129: 7127: 7124: 7123: 7120: 7117: 7115: 7111: 7101: 7098: 7096: 7093: 7091: 7088: 7084: 7081: 7080: 7079: 7076: 7074: 7071: 7070: 7068: 7066: 7062: 7056: 7053: 7049: 7046: 7045: 7044: 7041: 7039: 7036: 7031: 7027: 7024: 7020: 7015: 7011: 7007: 7006: 7004: 7000: 6999: 6998: 6995: 6991: 6988: 6987: 6986: 6983: 6979: 6976: 6974: 6971: 6970: 6969: 6966: 6962: 6959: 6958: 6957: 6954: 6952: 6949: 6945: 6942: 6940: 6937: 6936: 6935: 6932: 6930: 6927: 6921: 6918: 6917: 6916: 6913: 6912: 6911: 6908: 6906: 6903: 6899: 6896: 6895: 6894: 6891: 6889: 6886: 6884: 6881: 6880: 6877: 6874: 6872: 6868: 6854: 6851: 6849: 6846: 6844: 6841: 6839: 6836: 6835: 6833: 6829: 6823: 6822:Syrian Desert 6820: 6818: 6815: 6813: 6810: 6808: 6805: 6803: 6802:Golan Heights 6800: 6798: 6795: 6793: 6790: 6788: 6785: 6784: 6782: 6778: 6772: 6769: 6767: 6764: 6762: 6759: 6757: 6754: 6752: 6749: 6747: 6744: 6743: 6740: 6736: 6733: 6731: 6727: 6722: 6708: 6705: 6702: 6699: 6696: 6693: 6688: 6685: 6682: 6679: 6676: 6673: 6672: 6671: 6668: 6666: 6663: 6660: 6657: 6656: 6654: 6652: 6648: 6641: 6640:Ottoman Syria 6638: 6637: 6635: 6631: 6624: 6621: 6618: 6617:Ayyubid Syria 6615: 6611: 6608: 6606: 6603: 6601: 6598: 6597: 6596: 6593: 6591: 6588: 6586: 6585:Fatimid Syria 6583: 6581: 6578: 6576: 6573: 6571: 6568: 6566: 6563: 6561: 6558: 6556: 6555: 6548: 6545: 6542: 6541: 6539: 6537: 6533: 6527: 6524: 6522: 6519: 6517: 6514: 6512: 6509: 6507: 6504: 6502: 6499: 6497: 6494: 6492: 6489: 6487: 6486:Aram-Damascus 6484: 6482: 6479: 6477: 6474: 6472: 6469: 6467: 6464: 6462: 6459: 6457: 6454: 6452: 6449: 6447: 6444: 6442: 6439: 6437: 6434: 6433: 6431: 6429: 6428:Ancient Syria 6425: 6419: 6416: 6414: 6411: 6409: 6406: 6404: 6401: 6399: 6398:Halaf culture 6396: 6394: 6391: 6389: 6386: 6385: 6383: 6379: 6373: 6370: 6368: 6365: 6364: 6361: 6358: 6356: 6352: 6348: 6344: 6337: 6332: 6330: 6325: 6323: 6318: 6317: 6314: 6298: 6295: 6293: 6290: 6288: 6285: 6284: 6282: 6278: 6272: 6269: 6267: 6264: 6263: 6261: 6257: 6251: 6248: 6246: 6243: 6241: 6238: 6236: 6233: 6231: 6228: 6226: 6223: 6221: 6218: 6216: 6213: 6211: 6208: 6206: 6203: 6202: 6200: 6196: 6190: 6187: 6185: 6182: 6181: 6179: 6175: 6169: 6166: 6164: 6161: 6159: 6156: 6154: 6151: 6149: 6146: 6144: 6141: 6140: 6138: 6134: 6128: 6127:French Guiana 6125: 6123: 6120: 6118: 6115: 6111: 6108: 6107: 6106: 6105:United States 6103: 6101: 6098: 6096: 6093: 6091: 6088: 6086: 6083: 6081: 6078: 6076: 6073: 6071: 6068: 6067: 6065: 6061: 6058: 6054: 6048: 6043: 6039: 6034: 6025: 6020: 6018: 6013: 6011: 6006: 6005: 6002: 5996: 5993: 5991: 5988: 5986: 5983: 5981: 5978: 5977: 5976: 5974: 5969: 5954: 5950: 5946: 5942: 5938: 5934: 5930: 5926: 5920: 5916: 5912: 5907: 5902: 5898: 5894: 5890: 5886: 5882: 5876: 5872: 5868: 5863: 5858: 5854: 5850: 5846: 5842: 5838: 5832: 5828: 5824: 5819: 5814: 5809: 5804: 5800: 5796: 5793:(1): e54616. 5792: 5788: 5784: 5778: 5774: 5768: 5764: 5760: 5756: 5752: 5748: 5737: 5733: 5728: 5724: 5720: 5715: 5710: 5705: 5700: 5696: 5692: 5691:PLOS Genetics 5688: 5682: 5678: 5674: 5669: 5664: 5660: 5656: 5652: 5648: 5644: 5640: 5636: 5631: 5627: 5623: 5618: 5613: 5608: 5603: 5599: 5595: 5591: 5587: 5583: 5578: 5574: 5570: 5565: 5560: 5555: 5550: 5546: 5542: 5538: 5534: 5530: 5524: 5520: 5516: 5511: 5506: 5501: 5496: 5492: 5488: 5484: 5480: 5476: 5471: 5467: 5461: 5457: 5452: 5441: 5437: 5431: 5427: 5423: 5418: 5407: 5403: 5397: 5393: 5389: 5384: 5380: 5374: 5370: 5365: 5354: 5350: 5346: 5342: 5338: 5333: 5329: 5323: 5319: 5314: 5310: 5304: 5299: 5298: 5291: 5279: 5275: 5269: 5258: 5254: 5250: 5246: 5242: 5238: 5233: 5229: 5223: 5219: 5214: 5210: 5204: 5201:. Routledge. 5200: 5195: 5191: 5185: 5181: 5176: 5172: 5168: 5164: 5159: 5155: 5151: 5147: 5142: 5138: 5134: 5130: 5124: 5120: 5115: 5111: 5105: 5102:. Routledge. 5101: 5096: 5092: 5086: 5082: 5077: 5073: 5067: 5063: 5058: 5047: 5043: 5039: 5035: 5031: 5027: 5023: 5019: 5014: 5010: 5006: 5002: 4997: 4986: 4982: 4978: 4974: 4970: 4965: 4961: 4955: 4951: 4946: 4945: 4933: 4921: 4917: 4916: 4911: 4904: 4889: 4885: 4881: 4875: 4860: 4856: 4850: 4835: 4831: 4829:9780887066993 4825: 4821: 4820: 4812: 4797: 4793: 4791:9789774162473 4787: 4783: 4782: 4774: 4759: 4755: 4749: 4738: 4733: 4723: 4718: 4711: 4706: 4699: 4694: 4687: 4682: 4675: 4670: 4663: 4658: 4651: 4646: 4639: 4634: 4627: 4622: 4615: 4610: 4603: 4598: 4591: 4586: 4579: 4574: 4564: 4559: 4550: 4545: 4538: 4533: 4526: 4521: 4514: 4509: 4502: 4497: 4490: 4485: 4483: 4475: 4470: 4463: 4458: 4450: 4443: 4435: 4431: 4427: 4423: 4419: 4415: 4408: 4400: 4393: 4385: 4378: 4370: 4363: 4361: 4352: 4345: 4343: 4334: 4327: 4325: 4323: 4314: 4307: 4300: 4296: 4291: 4284: 4280: 4275: 4268: 4264: 4263:Troupeau 1987 4259: 4252: 4248: 4243: 4241: 4233: 4229: 4224: 4217: 4213: 4208: 4201: 4196: 4189: 4185: 4180: 4173: 4168: 4153: 4149: 4143: 4139: 4135: 4131: 4127: 4120: 4113: 4109: 4104: 4097: 4092: 4090: 4082: 4078: 4073: 4066: 4061: 4055:, p. 19. 4054: 4049: 4042: 4038: 4033: 4031: 4029: 4014: 4010: 4006: 4002: 3996: 3992: 3988: 3984: 3980: 3973: 3966: 3961: 3955:, p. 69. 3954: 3949: 3942: 3937: 3930: 3925: 3918: 3913: 3911: 3903: 3898: 3891: 3886: 3884: 3876: 3871: 3869: 3861: 3856: 3854: 3846: 3841: 3834: 3829: 3822: 3817: 3810: 3806: 3801: 3799: 3797: 3789: 3784: 3777: 3772: 3765: 3760: 3753: 3748: 3740: 3736: 3731: 3726: 3722: 3718: 3714: 3710: 3706: 3698: 3683: 3679: 3677:9780486432182 3673: 3669: 3668: 3660: 3645: 3641: 3635: 3631: 3630: 3622: 3614: 3610: 3609: 3601: 3593: 3589: 3588: 3580: 3565: 3561: 3559:9781107244566 3555: 3551: 3550: 3542: 3540: 3524: 3520: 3518:9783161448294 3514: 3510: 3509: 3504: 3498: 3483: 3479: 3477:9781107244566 3473: 3469: 3468: 3460: 3458: 3449: 3447:9781136788000 3443: 3439: 3438: 3430: 3412: 3405: 3398: 3391: 3387: 3386: 3385:The Histories 3381: 3376: 3368: 3364: 3360: 3356: 3352: 3348: 3341: 3333: 3329: 3325: 3321: 3317: 3313: 3306: 3290: 3286: 3279: 3264: 3260: 3254: 3238: 3232: 3216: 3210: 3194: 3190: 3184: 3169: 3165: 3161: 3155: 3140: 3136: 3130: 3115: 3111: 3105: 3090: 3083: 3077: 3061: 3057: 3051: 3035: 3031: 3027: 3021: 3005: 3001: 2995: 2979: 2975: 2969: 2954: 2950: 2946: 2940: 2924: 2920: 2914: 2899: 2895: 2889: 2874: 2870: 2864: 2848: 2844: 2836: 2830: 2815: 2811: 2807: 2800: 2784: 2780: 2776: 2769: 2753: 2749: 2743: 2728: 2724: 2718: 2702: 2698: 2694: 2688: 2672: 2668: 2667: 2662: 2656: 2640: 2636: 2629: 2620: 2604: 2600: 2594: 2580:on 2018-03-02 2579: 2575: 2569: 2553: 2549: 2545: 2538: 2529: 2521: 2515: 2511: 2504: 2488: 2484: 2480: 2474: 2458: 2455:. 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Cia.gov. 4247:Arnold 2007 4200:Braida 2012 4172:Braida 2012 4108:Peters 2003 4096:Braida 2012 4077:Barker 1966 3805:Joseph 2000 3243:28 December 3221:28 December 3199:28 December 3010:28 December 2984:28 December 2929:28 December 2707:December 7, 2548:swhatson.ae 2493:11 November 1894:wara' 'enab 1832:Syrian Jews 1818:during the 1764:Sunni Islam 1611:HLA alleles 1492:Rashid Rida 1314:Arabization 1164:as Syrian. 1139:Mesopotamia 1127:Coele-Syria 1103:Mesopotamia 1063:Mesopotamia 987:West Indies 949:Before the 877:, who have 781:, minority 779:Sunni Islam 7731:Categories 7699:Pakistanis 7527:Protestant 7344:television 7226:Censorship 7153:(currency) 6985:Parliament 6944:Iskandaron 6888:Corruption 6451:Canaanites 5742:2011-07-04 5446:2018-09-11 5412:2018-08-01 5359:2018-08-01 5263:2018-08-02 5052:2020-06-05 4991:2020-06-05 4894:2018-06-20 4865:2013-12-29 4840:2015-11-14 4802:2015-11-14 4764:2019-04-07 4727:invasion." 4501:Perry 2007 4297:, p. 4281:, p. 4265:, p. 4249:, p. 4230:, p. 4214:, p. 4212:Brock 2010 4186:, p. 4158:2022-10-15 4110:, p. 4079:, p. 4039:, p. 4019:2022-10-15 3821:Novak 2016 3807:, p. 3688:2015-11-14 3650:2018-08-01 3570:2015-11-14 3529:2015-11-14 3488:2015-11-14 3420:2022-04-04 3388:, VII.63, 3269:2018-04-16 3174:2023-03-25 3145:2022-07-07 2959:2018-11-14 2904:2022-12-14 2879:2023-08-18 2820:2023-03-25 2758:27 January 2733:2023-08-21 2584:2021-12-08 2428:15 January 2394:15 January 2364:15 January 2155:2021-06-25 2100:2023-05-08 2068:References 1993:Al-Shaitat 1878:sesame oil 1784:Christians 1772:Shia Islam 1593:Jordanians 1579:10.0% and 1560:Levantines 1523:See also: 1497:Hashemites 1327:Muawiyah I 1290:Old Arabic 1259:Bronze Age 1197:Posidonius 1071:The Levant 910:dialects. 849:and other 847:Jordanians 44:سُورِيُّون 7613:Assyrians 7608:Armenians 7591:Albanians 7450:Religions 7286:Squatting 7261:refugees 7236:Education 7195:Transport 7136:Companies 7078:Air force 7055:Terrorism 6968:Judiciary 6929:Elections 6893:President 6797:Euphrates 6787:Al-Jazira 6771:Volcanoes 6756:Districts 6730:Geography 6707:Civil war 6697:(1946–50) 6689:(1930–46) 6683:(1925–30) 6677:(1922–25) 6266:Australia 6122:Venezuela 6070:Argentina 6056:Countries 5759:Cambridge 5645:: 35837. 5349:604181534 5253:0258-8331 5171:655961825 5154:655961825 5137:0933-761X 5042:1161-9473 5009:1161-9473 4981:1161-9473 4915:Bloomberg 4434:142992865 4009:216244505 3917:Graf 2003 3890:Graf 2003 3875:Graf 2003 3833:Graf 2003 3380:Herodotus 3367:161323237 3332:162760021 3295:March 15, 3119:7 January 3094:7 January 3066:7 January 2789:15 August 2645:9 January 2327:unhcr.org 2296:unhcr.org 2175:unhcr.org 2073:Citations 2026:Armenians 1998:Assyrians 1983:Armenians 1922:mana'eesh 1890:shanklish 1882:tabbouleh 1874:spearmint 1862:Olive oil 1850:Tabbouleh 1685:Jubb'adin 1465:romanized 1421:Jubb'adin 1167:The term 1162:Palestine 1111:Euphrates 1107:Herodotus 1095:Assyrians 1075:Assyrians 1009:Etymology 979:Venezuela 975:Argentina 944:Armenians 936:Assyrians 915:antiquity 743:Levantine 734:Languages 255:1,000,000 250:Venezuela 235:1,129,624 215:1,200,000 195:1,225,000 175:1,500,000 155:1,500,000 150:Argentina 135:3,600,000 115:4,011,480 7694:Lebanese 7684:Iranians 7658:Lebanese 7628:Chechens 7623:Bosniaks 7601:Bedouins 7556:Ismailis 7551:Alawites 7396:Category 7356:Religion 7281:Scouting 7256:diaspora 7141:Industry 7065:Military 7010:national 6990:Speakers 6871:Politics 6780:Features 6446:Arameans 6436:Amorites 6367:Timeline 6347:articles 6090:Colombia 6063:Americas 6042:diaspora 5953:11073453 5915:19686289 5871:21119711 5827:23382925 5787:PLOS ONE 5753:(2017). 5736:Archived 5723:23468648 5677:27848937 5626:29522542 5586:PLOS ONE 5573:25738654 5533:PLOS ONE 5519:10801975 5440:Archived 5406:Archived 5353:Archived 5284:2 August 5278:Archived 5257:Archived 5046:Archived 4985:Archived 4920:Archived 4888:Archived 4884:BBC News 4859:Archived 4834:Archived 4796:Archived 4758:Archived 4152:Archived 4013:archived 3739:32470374 3682:Archived 3644:Archived 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6831:Related 6817:Orontes 6746:Borders 6355:History 6297:Senegal 6259:Oceania 6230:Germany 6225:Austria 6220:Finland 6215:Denmark 6153:Lebanon 6117:Uruguay 6038:Syrians 5933:Bibcode 5925:Science 5906:3312577 5862:3062011 5818:3559847 5795:Bibcode 5714:3585000 5668:5111078 5647:Bibcode 5617:5844529 5594:Bibcode 5564:4349752 5541:Bibcode 5487:Bibcode 4941:Sources 4855:"Syria" 3730:7332655 3030:stat.fi 2463:7 March 2275:17 July 1898:makdous 1886:labaneh 1842:Cuisine 1780:Latakia 1693:Syriacs 1623:Cretans 1571:12.0%, 1513:mandate 1499:of the 1479: 1467:: 1451:al-Sham 1448:region 1379:of the 1279:Ptolemy 1236:of the 1218:History 1193:Aramaei 1117:as the 1059:Assyria 1003:Lebanon 985:), the 908:Western 904:Eastern 892:Aramaic 859:Syrians 824:Judaism 787:Alawite 773:Mainly 670:Ireland 650:Morocco 590:Finland 530:Denmark 490:Austria 470:Algeria 395:150,000 375:200,000 355:240,717 335:243,000 315:250,000 295:281,331 275:500,000 230:Lebanon 190:Germany 38:Syrians 7689:Iraqis 7679:Greeks 7643:Greeks 7304:Anthem 7251:People 7246:Hunger 7241:Health 7151:Pound 6853:Levant 6812:Hermon 6807:Hauran 6766:Rivers 6751:Cities 6661:(1920) 6481:Ugarit 6466:Yamhad 6345: 6280:Africa 6245:Sweden 6240:Norway 6235:Greece 6205:France 6198:Europe 6163:Turkey 6148:Kuwait 6143:Jordan 6100:Mexico 6080:Canada 6075:Brazil 5951: 5913: 5903: 5869: 5859: 5825: 5815: 5769: 5721: 5711: 5675: 5665: 5624: 5614: 5571: 5561: 5517: 5507: 5462: 5432: 5398: 5375: 5347: 5324: 5305: 5251: 5224: 5205: 5186: 5169: 5152: 5135: 5125: 5106: 5087: 5068: 5040: 5007: 4979: 4956: 4826: 4788: 4432: 4144: 4007: 3997: 3737: 3727: 3674: 3636: 3556: 3515: 3474: 3444: 3365: 3330: 2516: 2003:Greeks 1928:, and 1918:hummus 1906:Kibbeh 1876:, and 1870:olives 1866:garlic 1816:Turkey 1802:. 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