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1990 Italian Air Force MB-326 crash

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29: 404: 520:(Italian Civil Protection) and the office of various local charities, including the victims association. The gaping hole in the wall left by the impact was preserved, closed only by a glass pane, and the classroom hit by the aircraft was turned into a memorial to the victims. In September 2020, the building was returned to school use for the first time in thirty years, after the 462:) had not yet been established, and the investigation into the accident was carried out by the public prosecutor's office. Viviani and two air force colonels – the commander of the 3rd Wing and the officer in charge of Villafranca airbase – were charged with multiple counts of involuntary manslaughter and culpable air disaster. 469:
and then ejected, instead of heading south towards Bologna airport, close to a densely populated area. According to the prosecution, the two other officers, who throughout the incident were in radio contact with Viviani from Villafranca, failed to give him proper instructions for a safe resolution of
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The emergency services arrived at the scene within minutes. A tradesman that was passing by in his van stopped and used his ladder to evacuate the first survivors. Several people jumped to the ground in panic from the upper floors of the building and were injured. The fire brigade then completed the
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extended. He then observed flames and white smoke coming out of the engine nozzle, before seeing the aircraft turning in the opposite direction to the airfield, the smoke turning black, and the pilot ejecting from the aircraft, which the eyewitness managed to photograph. The ejection and the flight
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Several commemorations of the event have taken place over the years in Casalecchio, endorsed by the municipality of Casalecchio di Reno, with public talks and events on the themes of safety, solidarity and justice. In 2020, for the 30th anniversary of the disaster, the municipality organised a two
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Of the sixteen pupils present in the classroom at the time of the crash, all aged 15, twelve – eleven girls and one boy – were killed in the impact and fire; only four survived: three girls and one boy. The teacher who was giving the lesson survived as well, despite suffering severe burns.
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The impact created a seven-metre-wide hole in the outer wall and set the classroom on fire. The fuselage and engine careened across the room and crashed through the back wall, sending flames and smoke through the rest of the building and trapping several people on the upper floor.
830: 797: 378:(3rd Wing) based at Verona-Villafranca. Of the 136 aircraft delivered to the Italian Air Force starting from 1960, at the time of the accident only 58 survived, and they had already been replaced as trainer aircraft by the more modern 1225: 1345: 449:
from the building, when the fire crews heard her cries for help. Some of the victims' bodies were burnt beyond recognition, and could be identified by parents and staff members only by looking at items of clothing or jewellery.
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In January 1997, the Court of Appeal overturned the sentence, ruling that no crime had been committed, and that the conduct of the three defendants during the incident was faultless. In January 1998, the
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The tragedy left a profound mark on the local community of Casalecchio and surrounding towns. Four different victims' associations were created in the wake of the disaster, which in 1997 merged into the
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of the aircraft for the following few seconds were also captured on video by the cameraman of a local TV station, Rete 7, who was filming in the area and happened to notice the unfolding disaster.
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weeks long series of events that included ceremonies, photo exhibitions, theatre and music productions, culminating in a livestreamed commemoration with messages from the Italian president
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a.m., while approaching Bologna, Viviani reported total engine failure, fire on board and flight controls unresponsive. After attempting to steer the aircraft towards open fields, he
1065: 505:(Salvemini Victims Association – 6 December 1990). Many survivors and relatives of the victims rejected the outcome of the trial, and maintained that justice had not been done. 1187: 976: 407: 2125: 465:
The prosecution argued that as soon as the engine started developing troubles, while near Ferrara, the pilot should have directed the aircraft to the east towards the
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a.m., the pilotless aircraft crashed through the window of a first-floor classroom of the Gaetano Salvemini Technical Institute, a high school in Casalecchio, where a
301:, around 100 km (62 mi) north of Bologna, on a mission to test the effectiveness of an anti-aircraft radar system. The only person on board was the pilot, 946: 1413: 492:, Italy's highest court of appeal, rejected the prosecution's request to annul the appeal verdict, therefore definitively confirming the defendants' acquittal. 1822: 1275: 625: 1794: 910: 2140: 1406: 85: 2135: 2081: 2075: 1815: 2180: 1007: 2013: 445:
One of the survivors from the classroom, a girl, was trapped under a wing of the jet, and was found only after all other survivors had been
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Eighty-eight other people were injured: 82 students and 6 adults. Of all the injured, 72 suffered permanent disability of varying degrees.
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class was about to finish. At that time, 285 students, 28 teachers and 4 staff were in the building, 17 of whom were in the classroom.
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a.m., the engine started developing problems, prompting the pilot to abort the mission and seek to land. The nearest airfield, at
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The building struck by the jet remained closed for over ten years. In 2001, it was repaired and reopened as
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An eyewitness at Bologna Airport reported seeing the aircraft on a normal approach path and with the
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The planned route involved overflying the village of Borgoforte before heading towards the town of
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Bruno Viviani, 24, with 740 flight hours of experience, of which 140 were in the MB-326.
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of the Italian Air Force, with registration number MM54386. It was part of the
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the emergency. In February 1995, they were all found guilty and sentenced to
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forced schools to find more classroom space to ensure social distancing.
371: 383: 1340: 1164: 1135: 1103: 1066:"Casalecchio, 6 dicembre 1990. C'era una volta la II A del Salvemini" 1041: 887: 858: 825: 760: 731: 695: 430: 426: 260: 1837: 1611: 626:"L' aereo precipito' sulla scuola sentenza choc: 'tutti assolti'" 317: 253: 382:. By then the MB-326 was used only to quickly connect airbases, 379: 309: 282: 238: 175: 1428: 386:
and for miscellaneous roles such as in the accident flight.
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Aviation accidents and incidents caused by in-flight fires
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At the time of the event, Italy's aviation safety agency (
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evacuation of the building within half an hour, while
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officers were later put on trial and found guilty of
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Pedrelli, Luciano; Spezia, Luigi (7 December 1990).
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Associazione Vittime del Salvemini – 6 dicembre 1990
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Accidents and incidents involving military aircraft
1090: 1382:on Casalecchio municipality's website (in Italian) 1151: 1119: 1028: 874: 1328: 720: 718: 619: 617: 615: 2092: 1306:"1990–2020 Trentesimo anniversario della strage" 747: 845: 324:, around 40 km (25 mi) to the south. 1795:National Aerobatic Team Aermacchi MB-339 crash 1057: 1005: 939: 812: 715: 612: 594:"Italian air force plane hits school; 12 dead" 1823: 1414: 1240: 903: 683: 664:"Survivor Says She Saw The Jet Coming Slowly" 1268: 1180: 969: 335:and landed near Ceretolo, a village next to 1298: 1210: 460:Agenzia Nazionale per la Sicurezza del Volo 1830: 1816: 1421: 1407: 1160:"Jet militare sulla scuola. Tutti assolti" 453: 27: 2141:Aviation accidents and incidents in Italy 1494:1948 Royal Air Force Avro Lancaster crash 1429:Aviation accidents and incidents in Italy 1096: 661: 510:Casa della SolidarietĂ  "Alexander DubÄŤek" 433:on the school's lawn to several injured. 2136:Aviation accidents and incidents in 1990 1157: 1128: 1034: 1008:"Bologna, la morte è arrivata dal cielo" 880: 785: 623: 588: 586: 584: 557:"Jet Hits a School in Italy, Killing 12" 2181:Criminal trials that ended in acquittal 1924:Atlantic Southeast Airlines Flight 2254 1063: 781: 779: 753: 657: 655: 653: 339:, suffering three fractured vertebrae. 281:years in prison, but were subsequently 2093: 1228:from the original on 19 September 2020 927:from the original on 19 September 2020 911:"Salvemini, la storia di una tragedia" 2054:Wayne County Airport runway collision 2014:Faucett PerĂş Boeing 727 disappearance 1811: 1402: 1316:from the original on 26 November 2020 883:"Terrore e morte nell'ora di tedesco" 851: 833:from the original on 24 November 2018 818: 724: 581: 549: 1348:from the original on 6 December 2020 1218:"Casa della SolidarietĂ  "A. Dubcek"" 1158:Ostolani, Marisa (27 January 1998). 1129:Ostolani, Marisa (23 January 1997). 1097:Romagnoli, Gabriele (1 March 1995). 1035:Ostolani, Marisa (7 December 1990). 776: 662:Valsecchi, Piero (7 December 1990). 650: 534:President of the European Parliament 2024:Guangzhou Baiyun airport collisions 2004:Stevie Ray Vaughan helicopter crash 1561:British European Airways Flight 142 1529:Mediterranean Sea mid-air collision 1078:from the original on 10 August 2018 1064:Marrese, Emilio (3 December 2015). 854:"Sui ragazzi una «bomba» impazzita" 786:Marceddu, David (6 December 2015). 754:Deaglio, Enrico (5 December 1993). 624:Cascella, Paola (23 January 1997). 22:1990 Italian Air Force MB-326 crash 13: 1663:Aero Trasporti Italiani Flight 460 1620:Rome airport attacks and hijacking 1604:Aero Trasporti Italiani Flight 327 881:Padovani, Gigi (7 December 1990). 248:crashed into a school building at 14: 2192: 1636:Aero Trasporti Italiani Flight 12 1364: 852:Rizzo, Renato (7 December 1990). 819:Bisio, Gianni (7 December 1990). 725:Rizzo, Renato (7 December 1990). 638:from the original on 2 April 2019 66:Fire on board, aircraft abandoned 1840:Aviation accidents and incidents 1776:ASL Airlines Hungary Flight 7332 1545:South African Airways Flight 201 800:from the original on 14 May 2016 402: 1964:Aerolift Philippines Flight 075 1344:(in Italian). 6 December 2020. 1256:(in Italian). 15 September 2020 1188:"Le Associazioni del Salvemini" 1131:"Casalecchio, nessun colpevole" 756:""La nostra strage cancellata"" 2121:20th century in Emilia-Romagna 2064:Italian Air Force MB-326 crash 1954:Philippine Airlines Flight 143 1904:British Army Gazelle shootdown 1690:Italian Air Force MB-326 crash 1224:(in Italian). 7 October 2017. 1037:""Quel cadavere è mio figlio"" 408:Video of the rescue operations 370:, a single-engine, two-seater 1: 2146:December 1990 events in Italy 1310:Comune di Casalecchio di Reno 1280:Comune di Casalecchio di Reno 1222:Comune di Casalecchio di Reno 1192:Comune di Casalecchio di Reno 1099:"Aereo killer, tre colpevoli" 981:Comune di Casalecchio di Reno 977:"I fatti del 6 dicembre 1990" 951:Comune di Casalecchio di Reno 727:""Non parlo, c'è il segreto"" 542: 436: 366:The aircraft involved was an 297:a.m. on 6 December 1990 from 2166:Metropolitan City of Bologna 1282:(in Italian). Archived from 1194:(in Italian). Archived from 983:(in Italian). Archived from 953:(in Italian). Archived from 703:. 7 December 1990. p. 2 389: 7: 2151:Disasters in Emilia-Romagna 1974:British Airways Flight 5390 1864:Northwest Airlines Flight 5 691:"La sciagura in Parlamento" 361: 293:The MB-326 took off at 9:48 288: 37:similar to the one involved 10: 2197: 2044:Bangkok Airways Flight 125 1994:British Airways Flight 149 1914:Indian Airlines Flight 605 1671:Uganda Airlines Flight 775 1470:Verona Caproni Ca.48 crash 299:Verona Villafranca Airport 267:, receiving a sentence of 2073: 1855: 1786: 1767: 1724: 1681: 1646: 1579: 1512: 1453: 1434: 1387:Official 30th anniversary 821:"Un jet da addestramento" 495: 401: 396: 259:The pilot and two senior 227: 219: 214: 206: 198: 190: 182: 167: 157: 147: 137: 132: 124: 116: 70: 62: 51:6 December 1990 47: 42: 26: 1714:Cavalese cable car crash 1706:Air Littoral Flight 701A 1168:(in Italian). p. 13 1139:(in Italian). p. 11 1107:(in Italian). p. 11 764:(in Italian). p. 12 397:Video of the crash scene 265:involuntary manslaughter 2101:1990 disasters in Italy 1757:Air AlgĂ©rie Flight 2208 1733:Linate Airport disaster 1375:Aviation Safety Network 1045:(in Italian). p. 3 891:(in Italian). p. 3 862:(in Italian). p. 2 735:(in Italian). p. 2 454:Investigation and trial 237:On 6 December 1990, an 2171:School fires in Europe 512:(House of Solidarity " 2111:1990s fires in Europe 1984:Aeroflot Flight E-35D 1698:Banat Air Flight 166 947:"I ragazzi della 2 A" 101:44.47944°N 11.26528°E 16:Air accident in Italy 1944:RAF Shackleton crash 1874:Aeroflot Flight 6246 1749:Tuninter Flight 1153 1628:Alitalia Flight 4128 1502:Superga air disaster 1486:1945 Avro York crash 1443:Francesco Zambeccari 1371:Accident description 987:on 15 September 2020 957:on 19 September 2020 2161:Manslaughter trials 2082:►   1991 2076:1989   ◄ 2034:Alitalia Flight 404 1741:Pirelli Tower crash 1596:Alitalia Flight 112 1253:Corriere della Sera 918:Casalecchio Notizie 793:Il Fatto Quotidiano 337:Casalecchio di Reno 250:Casalecchio di Reno 172:Villafranca Airport 97: /  75:Casalecchio di Reno 23: 2079:    1934:Widerøe Flight 839 1894:Avianca Flight 052 1588:RAF Hercules crash 1380:Commemorative page 562:The New York Times 490:Court of Cassation 138:Aircraft type 106:44.47944; 11.26528 21: 2088: 2087: 1805: 1804: 1655:Itavia Flight 870 1553:Sabena Flight 503 1286:on 4 October 2020 600:. 6 December 1990 569:. 7 December 1990 530:Sergio Mattarella 522:COVID-19 pandemic 518:Protezione Civile 484:years in prison. 418: 417: 246:Italian Air Force 235: 234: 220:Ground fatalities 215:Ground casualties 152:Italian Air Force 2188: 2080: 1850: 1849: 1847: 1832: 1825: 1818: 1809: 1808: 1798: 1797:(September 2023) 1779: 1760: 1752: 1744: 1736: 1717: 1709: 1701: 1693: 1674: 1666: 1658: 1639: 1638:(September 1979) 1631: 1623: 1615: 1607: 1599: 1591: 1572: 1564: 1556: 1548: 1540: 1532: 1524: 1505: 1497: 1496:(September 1948) 1489: 1481: 1473: 1465: 1464:(September 1910) 1446: 1445:(September 1812) 1423: 1416: 1409: 1400: 1399: 1388: 1358: 1357: 1355: 1353: 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56: 35:Aermacchi MB-326 31: 24: 20: 2196: 2195: 2191: 2190: 2189: 2187: 2186: 2185: 2176:Trials in Italy 2091: 2090: 2089: 2084: 2078: 2069: 2068: 2067: 2066: 2061: 2057: 2056: 2051: 2047: 2046: 2041: 2037: 2036: 2031: 2027: 2026: 2021: 2017: 2016: 2011: 2007: 2006: 2001: 1997: 1996: 1991: 1987: 1986: 1981: 1977: 1976: 1971: 1967: 1966: 1961: 1957: 1956: 1951: 1947: 1946: 1941: 1937: 1936: 1931: 1927: 1926: 1921: 1917: 1916: 1911: 1907: 1906: 1901: 1897: 1896: 1891: 1887: 1886: 1884:SANSA Flight 32 1881: 1877: 1876: 1871: 1867: 1866: 1861: 1851: 1845: 1843: 1838: 1836: 1806: 1801: 1793: 1782: 1774: 1763: 1755: 1747: 1739: 1731: 1720: 1716:(February 1998) 1712: 1704: 1700:(December 1995) 1696: 1692:(December 1990) 1688: 1677: 1669: 1661: 1653: 1642: 1634: 1630:(December 1978) 1626: 1622:(December 1973) 1618: 1614:(November 1973) 1610: 1602: 1594: 1590:(November 1971) 1586: 1575: 1567: 1559: 1555:(February 1955) 1551: 1543: 1537:BOAC Flight 781 1535: 1527: 1521:BOAC Flight 115 1519: 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Flight 891 1565: 1563:(October 1958) 1557: 1549: 1541: 1539:(January 1954) 1533: 1531:(January 1953) 1525: 1523:(October 1952) 1516: 1514: 1510: 1509: 1507: 1506: 1498: 1490: 1482: 1474: 1466: 1457: 1455: 1451: 1450: 1448: 1447: 1438: 1436: 1432: 1431: 1426: 1425: 1418: 1411: 1403: 1397: 1396: 1383: 1377: 1366: 1365:External links 1363: 1360: 1359: 1327: 1312:(in Italian). 1297: 1267: 1239: 1209: 1179: 1150: 1118: 1089: 1074:(in Italian). 1056: 1027: 998: 968: 938: 902: 873: 844: 829:(in Italian). 811: 796:(in Italian). 775: 746: 714: 699:(in Italian). 682: 649: 634:(in Italian). 611: 580: 547: 546: 544: 541: 497: 494: 455: 452: 438: 435: 416: 415: 399: 398: 391: 388: 363: 360: 303:Sub-lieutenant 290: 287: 233: 232: 229: 225: 224: 221: 217: 216: 212: 211: 208: 204: 203: 200: 196: 195: 192: 188: 187: 184: 180: 179: 169: 165: 164: 161: 155: 154: 149: 145: 144: 139: 135: 134: 130: 129: 126: 125:Total injuries 122: 121: 118: 114: 113: 79:Emilia-Romagna 72: 68: 67: 64: 60: 59: 49: 45: 44: 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At 10:22 199:Fatalities 92:11°15′55″E 89:44°28′46″N 55:1990-12-06 1341:La Stampa 1290:4 October 1202:4 October 1172:4 October 1165:La Stampa 1143:4 October 1136:La Stampa 1111:4 October 1104:La Stampa 1042:La Stampa 888:La Stampa 859:La Stampa 826:La Stampa 761:La Stampa 732:La Stampa 696:La Stampa 447:evacuated 431:first aid 390:Aftermath 376:3Âş Stormo 283:acquitted 261:air force 183:Occupants 1346:Archived 1314:Archived 1226:Archived 1076:Archived 922:Archived 831:Archived 798:Archived 636:Archived 532:and the 362:Aircraft 350:At 10:33 327:At 10:31 289:Accident 207:Injuries 148:Operator 133:Aircraft 81:, Italy 43:Accident 1844: ( 1842:in 1990 1612:Argo 16 1478:Dixmude 1393:YouTube 1373:at the 479:⁄ 333:ejected 318:Ferrara 276:⁄ 254:Bologna 252:, near 244:of the 178:, Italy 163:MM54386 63:Summary 53: ( 2040:Nov 21 2030:Nov 14 2010:Sep 11 2000:Aug 27 1970:Jun 10 1960:May 18 1950:May 11 1940:Apr 30 1930:Apr 12 1910:Feb 14 1900:Feb 11 1890:Jan 25 1880:Jan 16 1870:Jan 13 496:Legacy 380:MB-339 356:German 352:  329:  314:  310:Rovigo 295:  239:MB-326 176:Verona 2060:Dec 6 2050:Dec 3 2020:Oct 2 1990:Aug 2 1980:Aug 1 1920:Apr 9 1860:Jan 4 1787:2020s 1768:2010s 1725:2000s 1682:1990s 1647:1980s 1580:1970s 1513:1950s 925:(PDF) 914:(PDF) 1846:1990 1354:2020 1322:2020 1292:2020 1262:2022 1234:2020 1204:2020 1174:2020 1145:2020 1113:2020 1084:2020 1051:2020 1022:2020 993:2020 963:2020 933:2020 897:2020 868:2020 839:2020 806:2020 770:2020 741:2020 709:2020 701:Ansa 677:2020 644:2020 606:2020 575:2020 191:Crew 71:Site 48:Date 1391:on 598:UPI 33:An 2097:: 1338:. 1308:. 1278:. 1250:. 1220:. 1190:. 1162:. 1133:. 1121:^ 1101:. 1068:. 1039:. 1010:. 979:. 949:. 916:. 885:. 856:. 823:. 790:. 778:^ 758:. 729:. 717:^ 693:. 666:. 652:^ 628:. 614:^ 596:. 583:^ 565:. 559:. 539:. 231:88 223:12 174:, 128:89 120:12 77:, 1848:) 1831:e 1824:t 1817:v 1422:e 1415:t 1408:v 1356:. 1324:. 1294:. 1264:. 1236:. 1206:. 1176:. 1147:. 1115:. 1086:. 1053:. 1024:. 995:. 965:. 935:. 899:. 870:. 841:. 808:. 772:. 743:. 711:. 679:. 646:. 608:. 577:. 481:2 477:1 474:+ 472:2 278:2 274:1 271:+ 269:2 210:1 202:0 194:1 186:1 57:)

Index

A military jet in flight, painted bright orange with Italian Air Force roundels, against the backdrop of Lake Maggiore mountains in Italy
Aermacchi MB-326
Casalecchio di Reno
Emilia-Romagna
44°28′46″N 11°15′55″E / 44.47944°N 11.26528°E / 44.47944; 11.26528
Aermacchi MB-326
Italian Air Force
Registration
Villafranca Airport
Verona
MB-326
military jet
Italian Air Force
Casalecchio di Reno
Bologna
air force
involuntary manslaughter
acquitted
Verona Villafranca Airport
Sub-lieutenant
Rovigo
Ferrara
Bologna Airport
ejected
Casalecchio di Reno
landing gear
German
Aermacchi MB-326
jet trainer
MB-339

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