54:
281:
689:
424:, which would see the public debt falling from 95% of the GDP to 77% by 2021. The austerity program raised prices on several food staples in 2016 and 2017, making him very unpopular in the country. The programme succeeded in preventing the debt from rising above 95% in 2018, however, it strained Jordan's weak economy.
661:
Leaders of Saudi Arabia, the United Arab
Emirates and Kuwait invited King Abdullah on 11 June to a summit in the Saudi capital. It was announced that the Gulf countries promised $ 2.5 billion in direct and indirect aid over the course of 5 years. Most of the amount was promised to be deposited at the
392:
causing: decrease in tourist activity; decreased foreign investments; increased military expenditure; attacks on
Egyptian gas pipeline supplying the Kingdom; the collapse of trade with Iraq and Syria; expenses from hosting 1.4 million Syrian refugees and accumulated interests from loans. According to
396:
King
Abdullah had warned in January 2016 that Jordanians have reached “a boiling point”, and called on donor countries to provide more to Jordan to help it cope with the crises. He told the BBC in an interview that "in the psyche of the Jordanian people I think it's gotten to a boiling point, sooner
446:
commented on Mulki's policies: "Mulki declared openly that his predecessors had left the country at the brink of insolvency and that the failure to take tough revenue-raising measure would lead to a debt crisis which would destroy the country. And he is correct. What is more doubtful is Mulki’s
374:
or leftists, but by diverse crowds from the middle and poor classes. Although some protesters set aflame tires and blocked roads multiple nights, protests were largely peaceful and few casualties were reported. They were staged after daylight hours as it was during the month of
439:, to withhold $ 1 billion in annual economic assistance that were directed towards the creation of jobs and economic growth hampered the finances of Jordan, which lacks the natural resources of its neighbors, amassing an unemployment rate of 18% and a much higher poverty rate.
641:
It was reported on June 6 that hundreds were still protesting in Amman. The same day, some trade unions organized a national walkout, while others pulled out following the appointment of Razzaz. This walkout included shops, universities, offices, schools and hospitals.
393:
the World Bank, Syrian refugees have cost Jordan more than $ 2.5 billion a year, amounting to 6% of the GDP and 25% of the government's annual revenue. Foreign aid covers only a small part of these costs, while 63% of the total costs are covered by Jordan.
387:
Jordan's total foreign debt in 2011 was $ 19 billion, representing 60% of its GDP. In 2016, the debt reached $ 35.1 billion representing 93% of its GDP. This substantial increase is attributed to effects of regional instability stemming from the
629:
intervened and ordered the freeze of the price hikes; the government acquiesced but said the decision would cost the treasury $ 20 million. The protests continued for four days until Mulki submitted his resignation to the King on 4 June, and
358:
intervened and ordered the freeze of the price hikes; the government acquiesced but said the decision would cost the treasury $ 20 million. The protests continued for four days until Mulki submitted his resignation to the King on 4 June, and
617:, near the Prime Ministry's offices that night. Other Jordanians also gathered across the country in protest of the measure in unprecedented large numbers. Although protests have been largely peaceful and staged after daylight hours during
669:
led by Saudi Arabia, sent its foreign minister three days later to announce $ 500 million worth of investments in Jordan. Qatar also promised to employ 10,000 Jordanians in its country to help tackle unemployment among young
Jordanians.
447:
assertion that Jordan “will get out of the bottleneck” in 2019. While the measures to raise taxes and reduce subsidies buy time, they leave Jordan struggling to stay afloat and dependent on the continued flow of extensive aid."
322:-backed austerity measures adopted by Mulki's government since 2016 that aimed to tackle Jordan's growing public debt. Although Jordan had been relatively unscathed from the violence that swept the region following the 2011
613:. The day following the strike on 31 May, the government raised fuel and electricity prices responding to an increase in international oil prices. This led to crowds of protesters pouring onto the 4th circle, in
349:
The day following the strike on 31 May, the government raised fuel and electricity prices responding to an increase in international oil prices. This led to crowds of protesters pouring onto the 4th circle, in
409:, Iraqis during the American invasion and now Syrians, who make up about 20 percent of Jordan's then 9.5 million population—and, according to Abdullah, "For the first time, we can't do it any more." The
834:
28:
1080:
899:
662:
Central Bank of Jordan to support Jordan's share of foreign currency, while the rest would go to development projects and a smaller portion to direct budgetary support.
354:, near the Prime Ministry's offices that night. Other Jordanians also gathered across the country in protest of the measure in unprecedented large numbers. On 1 June
1273:
182:
1002:
1055:
1104:
1247:
621:, some protesters set aflame tires and blocked roads multiple nights. These protests have not been led by traditional opposition groups like the
175:
1211:
891:
1130:
443:
787:
734:
450:
On 22 May, the
Jordanian Cabinet approved a new draft law proposing changes to the 2014 income tax law. The draft aimed to fight
168:
868:
1174:
948:
666:
812:
1340:
1330:
367:, became prime minister. Protests only ceased after Razzaz announced his intention of withdrawing the new tax bill.
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was sworn in. Following this announcement, protests in Amman's 4th circle area came to a halt.
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23:
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met with the trade union leaders and agreed to withdraw the proposed tax bill as soon as a
610:
436:
339:
315:
8:
222:
204:
835:"Jordan is at 'boiling point' as it struggles with Syrian refugees, King Abdullah warns"
635:
622:
371:
364:
192:
41:
860:
330:
had taken a hit from the surrounding turmoil and from an influx of a large number of
327:
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or the leftists, but by diverse crowds from the middle and poor classes. On 1 June
53:
526:
331:
602:
397:
or later the dam is going to burst." Jordan has historically welcomed refugees—
303:
101:
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1299:
693:
665:
Qatar, which Jordan withdrew its ambassador from in June 2017 as part of the
335:
19:
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432:
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in 2016 to negotiate a 3-year program $ 732 million loan facility with the
307:
118:
1028:
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651:
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451:
413:
places Jordan as the world's second largest host of refugees per capita.
406:
389:
370:
The protests have not been led by traditional opposition groups like the
360:
346:
places Jordan as the world's second largest host of refugees per capita.
323:
147:
1081:"Jordan king asks Omar al-Razzaz to form new government: ministerial..."
1003:"Jordan's Prime Minister Quits as Protesters Demand an End to Austerity"
1161:"Jordan protesters press on, some unions strike after new PM appointed"
892:"Population stands at around 9.5 million, including 2.9 million guests"
417:
311:
141:
160:
113:
618:
376:
1248:"Saudi Arabia, Two Gulf States Pledge $ 2.5 Billion Jordan Aid"
1105:"Jordan PM Hani Mulki resigns amid mass protests over tax bill"
87:
1274:"Qatar extends $ 500 million aid package to Jordan: official"
861:"Syria conflict: Jordanians 'at boiling point' over refugees"
614:
410:
351:
343:
788:"Syrian refugees cost Kingdom $ 2.5 billion a year — report"
427:
Furthermore, worsening Jordan's conditions is a decision by
334:
into the country. Jordan also hosts a large contingent of
609:
on 30 May 2018 after the new tax bill was submitted to
153:
Controversial tax bill withdrawn for further discussion
735:"Jordan second largest refugee host worldwide — UNHCR"
677:
1131:"Jordan's King Abdullah 'to ask PM Mulki to resign'"
454:
and to raise taxes on some sectors and individuals.
1056:"Jordan: Proposed amendments to the Income Tax Law"
1053:
1193:"Unionists pressured by crowd to resume protests"
949:"'IMF programme to yield budget surplus in 2019'"
1297:
416:Rising Jordanian public debt led Prime Minister
1155:
1153:
1151:
1175:"General strike brings Jordan to a standstill"
758:
756:
1185:
813:"Gov't readying for refugee donor conference"
176:
1212:"New Jordan PM Says He Will Cancel Tax Bill"
1148:
946:
767:. Carnegie Endowment for International Peace
753:
1230:"Fourth Circle area protests come to halt"
1163:. 7 June 2018 – via www.reuters.com.
444:Carnegie Endowment for International Peace
183:
169:
52:
1097:
785:
310:on 30 May 2018 after the government of
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997:
995:
889:
762:
342:, further straining its finances. The
190:
1209:
871:from the original on 17 February 2017
853:
765:"Jordan is Sliding Toward Insolvency"
729:
727:
164:
922:"IMF approves $ 732m loan to Jordan"
902:from the original on 19 October 2017
890:Ghazal, Mohammad (30 January 2016).
496:Insurance and reinsurance companies
992:
786:Malkawi, Khetam (6 February 2016).
13:
1029:"Slowing Jordan's Slide Into Debt"
974:"Slowing Jordan's Slide Into Debt"
883:
815:. The Jordan Times. 5 October 2015
724:
14:
1352:
687:
638:, was appointed prime minister.
507:Financial and leasing companies
280:
279:
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1167:
1123:
1073:
1047:
1021:
966:
940:
914:
827:
805:
779:
763:Sowell, Kirk (18 March 2016).
1:
947:Omar Obeidat (21 June 2016).
717:
382:
1216:U.S. News & World Report
707:2011–2012 Jordanian protests
7:
1210:Akour, Omar (7 June 2018).
673:
596:
422:International Monetary Fund
314:submitted a new tax law to
254:2019–2021 Lebanese protests
240:2019 Gaza economic protests
235:2019–2021 Algerian protests
228:2019–2022 Sudanese protests
10:
1357:
645:
605:organized by more than 30
601:The protests started as a
458:Corporate Income Taxation
442:A 22 March 2018 report by
306:organized by more than 30
980:. Carnegie. 22 March 2018
272:
200:
134:
126:
107:
93:
83:
60:
51:
39:
1341:Labor disputes in Jordan
1331:June 2018 events in Asia
1054:PricewaterhouseCoopers.
259:2019–2021 Iraqi protests
1326:May 2018 events in Asia
712:2019 Jordanian protests
702:1989 Jordanian protests
300:2018 Jordanian protests
215:2018 Jordanian protests
72:– 7 June 2018
46:Anti-austerity movement
35:2018 Jordanian protests
17:
264:2021 Tunisian protests
249:2020 Egyptian protests
210:2018 Tunisian protests
29:considered for merging
64:30 May 2018
437:United Arab Emirates
340:Palestinian refugees
318:. The bill followed
150:forms new government
867:. 2 February 2016.
521:
520:Personal tax rates
459:
223:Sudanese Revolution
205:2018 Iraqi protests
36:
1336:Second Arab Spring
1321:Protests in Jordan
1007:The New York Times
636:Education Minister
623:Muslim Brotherhood
519:
457:
372:Muslim Brotherhood
365:Education Minister
193:Second Arab Spring
42:Second Arab Spring
34:
1135:www.aljazeera.com
1109:www.aljazeera.com
841:. 2 February 2016
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485:Mining companies
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953:The Jordan Times
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928:. 25 August 2016
926:Arabian business
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896:The Jordan Times
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792:The Jordan Times
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739:The Jordan Times
731:
692:
691:
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667:boycott of Qatar
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431:countries, like
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1035:. 22 March 2018
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332:Syrian refugees
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196:
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140:Resignation of
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32:
12:
11:
5:
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1311:2018 in Jordan
1308:
1292:
1291:
1280:. 13 June 2018
1265:
1254:. 11 June 2018
1239:
1236:. 8 June 2018.
1221:
1202:
1199:. 7 June 2018.
1184:
1181:. 7 June 2018.
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1122:
1096:
1072:
1046:
1020:
991:
965:
939:
913:
882:
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741:. 8 March 2017
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603:general strike
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573:15,001–20,000
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562:10,001–15,000
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304:general strike
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102:General strike
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1316:2018 protests
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1126:
1111:. 4 June 2018
1110:
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1085:
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1076:
1061:
1057:
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1034:
1030:
1024:
1009:. 5 June 2018
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839:The Telegraph
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628:
627:King Abdullah
624:
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551:5,001–10,000
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356:King Abdullah
353:
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329:
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321:
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302:started as a
301:
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144:'s government
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30:
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25:
24:Infobox event
21:
16:
1306:2018 in Asia
1282:. Retrieved
1277:
1268:
1256:. Retrieved
1251:
1242:
1234:Jordan Times
1233:
1224:
1215:
1205:
1197:Jordan Times
1196:
1187:
1179:The National
1178:
1169:
1138:. Retrieved
1134:
1125:
1113:. Retrieved
1108:
1099:
1087:. Retrieved
1083:
1075:
1063:. Retrieved
1059:
1049:
1037:. Retrieved
1032:
1023:
1011:. Retrieved
1006:
982:. Retrieved
977:
968:
956:. Retrieved
952:
942:
930:. Retrieved
925:
916:
904:. Retrieved
895:
885:
873:. Retrieved
864:
855:
843:. Retrieved
838:
829:
817:. Retrieved
807:
795:. Retrieved
791:
781:
769:. Retrieved
743:. Retrieved
738:
664:
660:
649:
640:
607:trade unions
600:
449:
441:
433:Saudi Arabia
429:Persian Gulf
426:
415:
399:Palestinians
395:
386:
369:
348:
308:trade unions
299:
297:
284:
274:
214:
130:Trade unions
127:Organised by
119:Unemployment
22:
15:
978:Kirk Sowell
875:17 February
656:new cabinet
652:Omar Razzaz
650:On 7 June,
632:Omar Razzaz
452:tax evasion
390:Arab Spring
361:Omar Razzaz
328:its economy
324:Arab Spring
148:Omar Razzaz
18:‹ The
1300:Categories
819:12 October
718:References
611:Parliament
418:Hani Mulki
383:Background
316:Parliament
312:Hani Mulki
142:Hani Mulki
76:2018-06-07
68:2018-05-30
1252:Bloomberg
906:4 January
535:Proposed
469:Proposed
114:Austerity
27:is being
1033:Carnegie
900:Archived
869:Archived
771:20 March
674:See also
597:Protests
584:20,001+
540:1–5,000
532:Current
525:Salary (
466:Current
435:and the
286:Category
275:See also
98:Protests
84:Location
44:and the
40:Part of
31:. ›
20:template
1284:15 June
1278:Reuters
1258:15 June
958:9 March
797:30 July
646:Outcome
619:Ramadan
463:Sector
377:Ramadan
135:Outcome
74: (
66: (
1140:4 June
1115:4 June
1089:4 June
1065:4 June
1039:4 June
1013:4 June
984:31 May
932:4 June
845:4 June
745:5 June
694:Jordan
680:Portal
634:, his
474:Banks
363:, his
219:Sudan
88:Jordan
615:Amman
411:UNHCR
352:Amman
344:UNHCR
336:Iraqi
108:Cause
1286:2018
1260:2018
1142:2018
1117:2018
1091:2018
1067:2018
1041:2018
1015:2018
986:2018
960:2017
934:2018
908:2018
877:2017
847:2018
821:2015
799:2016
773:2016
747:2018
590:25%
587:20%
579:22%
576:14%
568:15%
565:14%
557:10%
513:40%
510:24%
502:40%
499:24%
491:30%
488:24%
480:40%
477:35%
407:1967
405:and
403:1948
338:and
298:The
245:2019
94:Type
61:Date
1084:U.S
1060:PwC
865:BBC
554:7%
546:5%
543:7%
527:JOD
401:in
320:IMF
1302::
1276:.
1250:.
1232:.
1214:.
1195:.
1177:.
1150:^
1133:.
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