377:, most divisional cavalry, including brigade headquarters, was withdrawn to form cavalry divisions or split up among divisions as reconnaissance units. Divisions received engineer companies and other support units from their higher headquarters. The division was again redesignated an infantry division. Its initial wartime organization was as follows:
196:. The division already existed as part of the autonomous Saxon Army. It was originally formed in 1849 as the 1st Division and from July 1, 1850, the 1st Infantry Division. It became the 1st Infantry Division No. 23 on April 1, 1867, and the 1st Division No. 23 on April 1, 1887. On mobilization for
200:
in August 1914 it again became the 1st
Infantry Division No. 23, although it was for convenience referred to outside Saxony as the 23rd Infantry Division or the 23rd (1st Royal Saxon) Infantry Division. The division was disbanded in 1919 during the demobilization of the German Army after World War
434:"). An artillery commander replaced the artillery brigade headquarters, the cavalry was further reduced, the engineer contingent was increased, and a divisional signals command was created. The 23rd Infantry Division's order of battle on February 17, 1918, was as follows:
547:
From 1867, the Saxon Army was integrated into the
Prussian Army's organizational structure (hence the dual numbering) in what was effectively the German Army. During the period of German unification (1866-1871), Saxony, along with the other states of the
630:
Histories of Two
Hundred and Fifty-One Divisions of the German Army which Participated in the War (1914-1918), compiled from records of Intelligence section of the General Staff, American Expeditionary Forces, at General Headquarters, Chaumont, France
527:
Histories of Two
Hundred and Fifty-One Divisions of the German Army which Participated in the War (1914–1918), compiled from records of Intelligence section of the General Staff, American Expeditionary Forces, at General Headquarters, Chaumont, France
314:
German divisions underwent various organizational changes after the Franco-Prussian War. The organization of the 23rd
Division in 1914, shortly before the outbreak of World War I, was as follows:
426:
Divisions underwent many changes during the war, with regiments moving from division to division, and some being destroyed and rebuilt. During the war, most divisions became
1311:
192:
The 1st
Division No. 23 was officially formed on April 1, 1867. However, this was as part of the convention which integrated the division with the Prussian-led army of the
1306:
271:. The division was rated as very good in 1917, but third class by 1918; however, Allied intelligence noted that "its use... would seem to warrant a higher rating."
1301:
1248:
701:
1274:
1279:
216:. The Saxon Army Corps, including the 1st and 2nd Saxon Divisions, fought in several of the war's battles, including the decisive
997:
848:
1058:
1053:
992:
987:
982:
959:
941:
913:
903:
885:
877:
1127:
1122:
1035:
1030:
964:
866:
343:
1045:
1243:
694:
264:
139:
552:, entered into conventions with Prussia regarding their armies and only the Bavarian Army remained fully autonomous.
1022:
279:
The organization of the 23rd
Infantry Division in 1870 at the beginning of the Franco-Prussian War was as follows:
1182:
1227:
974:
890:
679:
1258:
1104:
1099:
1081:
1076:
1012:
1007:
1002:
954:
949:
936:
931:
687:
430:- one infantry brigade with three infantry regiments rather than two infantry brigades of two regiments (a "
923:
895:
872:
828:
244:
182:
174:
1222:
1217:
1091:
268:
237:
193:
143:
115:
811:
806:
801:
796:
791:
786:
781:
252:
217:
127:
1114:
1068:
776:
771:
766:
761:
756:
751:
746:
741:
736:
1187:
260:
135:
1177:
858:
714:
225:
103:
8:
427:
256:
221:
213:
131:
99:
1212:
229:
224:, Saxony was allied with Prussia. The 23rd Infantry Division fought in the battles of
107:
1172:
1167:
1162:
1157:
618:
493:
39:
709:
1207:
431:
233:
111:
348:
1. Ulanen-Regiment Kaiser Franz Joseph von Österreich, König von Ungarn Nr. 17
1295:
549:
248:
171:
123:
43:
565:(Biblio Verlag, Osnabrück, 1993), Bd. 1, p.120; Claus von Bredow, bearb.,
718:
374:
204:
The division was recruited in eastern Saxony, especially around
Dresden.
197:
119:
710:
646:(Verlag des Bibliographischen Instituts, Hildburghausen, 1871), p. 44.
1253:
494:
23. Infanterie-Division (Chronik 1914/1918) - Der erste
Weltkrieg
178:
89:
444:
2. Grenadier-Regiment Kaiser
Wilhelm, König von Preußen Nr. 101
324:
2. Grenadier-Regiment Kaiser Wilhelm, König von Preußen Nr. 101
167:
353:
1. Feldartillerie-Brigade Nr. 23 (23. Feldartillerie-Brigade)
274:
387:
Grenadier-Regiment Kaiser Wilhelm, König von Preußen Nr. 101
666:
664:
656:
Rangliste der Königlich Sächsischen Armee für das Jahr 1914
406:
Feldartillerie-Brigade Nr. 23 (23. Feldartillerie-Brigade)
661:
514:
Geschichte des deutschen Heeres im Weltkriege 1914-1918
438:
1. Infanterie-Brigade Nr. 45 (45. Infanterie-Brigade)
340:
1. Kavallerie-Brigade Nr. 23 (23. Kavallerie-Brigade)
329:
2. Infanterie-Brigade Nr. 46 (46. Infanterie-Brigade)
318:
1. Infanterie-Brigade Nr. 45 (45. Infanterie-Brigade)
294:
2. Infanterie-Brigade Nr. 46 (46. Infanterie-Brigade)
283:
1. Infanterie-Brigade Nr. 45 (45. Infanterie-Brigade)
500:
Historische Rang- und Stammliste des deutschen Heeres
181:. The division was subordinated in peacetime to the
1312:
Military units and formations disestablished in 1919
567:
Historische Rang- und Stammliste des deuschen Heeres
392:Infanterie-Brigade Nr. 46 (46. Infanterie-Brigade)
381:Infanterie-Brigade Nr. 45 (45. Infanterie-Brigade)
373:On mobilization in August 1914 at the beginning of
368:
1307:Military units and formations established in 1867
1293:
447:Schützen (Füsilier)-Regiment Prinz Georg Nr. 108
421:
395:Schützen (Füsilier)-Regiment Prinz Georg Nr. 108
332:Schützen (Füsilier)-Regiment Prinz Georg Nr. 108
563:Stellenbesetzung der deutschen Heere 1815-1939.
521:Stellenbesetzung der deutschen Heere 1815-1939.
450:Maschinengewehr-Scharfschützen-Abteilung Nr. 52
309:
243:During World War I, the division fought on the
695:
1302:Infantry divisions of Germany in World War I
464:1.Bataillon/2. Fußartillerie-Regiment Nr. 19
619:23. Infanterie-Division (Chronik 1914/1918)
212:Saxony fought as an ally of Austria in the
1249:Army order of battle, Western Front (1918)
702:
688:
275:Order of battle in the Franco-Prussian War
187:XII. (1. Königlich Sächsisches) Armeekorps
162:), also known as the 1st Division No. 23 (
61:Infantry (in peacetime included cavalry)
523:(Biblio Verlag, Osnabrück, 1993), Bd. 1
1294:
475:6.Kompanie/1. Pionier-Bataillon Nr. 12
472:3.Kompanie/1. Pionier-Bataillon Nr. 12
683:
455:1.Eskadron/3. Husaren-Regiment Nr. 20
177:. The division was headquartered in
441:1. (Leib-)Grenadier-Regiment Nr. 100
321:1. (Leib-)Grenadier-Regiment Nr. 100
286:1. (Leib-)Grenadier-Regiment Nr. 100
483:Divisions-Nachrichten-Kommandeur 23
259:. In 1918, it participated in the
207:
79:XII. (1. Königl. Sächs.) Armeekorps
77:XII. (1st Royal Saxon) Army Corps (
13:
644:Der französische Feldzug 1870-1871
14:
1323:
469:Stab 1.Pionier-Bataillon Nr. 12:
461:1. Feldartillerie-Regiment Nr. 12
384:(Leib-)Grenadier-Regiment Nr. 100
359:4.Feldartillerie-Regiment Nr. 48
356:1.Feldartillerie-Regiment Nr. 12
183:XII (1st Royal Saxon) Army Corps
1228:High Command of Coastal Defence
891:11th Bavarian Infantry Division
649:
609:(Berlin, 1935); Wegner, p.1386.
607:Ruhmeshalle unserer alten Armee
507:Ruhmeshalle unserer alten Armee
369:Order of battle on mobilization
335:16. Infanterie-Regiment Nr. 182
636:
623:
612:
599:
590:
581:
572:
555:
541:
412:Feldartillerie-Regiment Nr. 48
409:Feldartillerie-Regiment Nr. 12
247:, seeing action in the Allied
236:. It then participated in the
1:
1003:6th Bavarian Reserve Division
950:1st Bavarian Reserve Division
487:
422:Late World War I organization
289:2. Grenadier-Regiment Nr. 101
255:. In 1916, it fought in the
310:Pre-World War I organization
7:
1244:Army order of battle (1914)
478:Minenwerfer-Kompanie Nr. 23
398:Infanterie-Regiment Nr. 182
364:Landwehr-Inspektion Dresden
300:Infanterie-Regiment Nr. 103
297:Infanterie-Regiment Nr. 102
10:
1328:
498:Claus von Bredow, bearb.,
269:Second Battle of the Marne
265:Second Battle of the Somme
194:North German Confederation
1269:
1236:
1200:
1153:
1144:
1113:
1090:
1067:
1044:
1021:
973:
922:
857:
827:
820:
732:
725:
458:Artillerie-Kommandeur 23
303:Schützen-Regiment Nr. 108
253:First Battle of the Marne
95:
85:
73:
65:
57:
49:
35:
27:
18:
900:⅓ 38th Landwehr Division
842:⅔ 38th Landwehr Division
534:
417:Pionier-Bataillon Nr. 12
251:which culminated in the
403:Husaren-Regiment Nr. 20
261:German spring offensive
136:German spring offensive
998:56th Infantry Division
882:16th Bavarian Division
849:85th Landwehr Division
1059:54th Reserve Division
1054:53rd Reserve Division
993:11th Reserve Division
988:23rd Reserve Division
983:49th Reserve Division
960:52nd Reserve Division
942:Guard Ersatz Division
914:3rd Landwehr Division
904:16th Reserve Division
886:36th Reserve Division
878:13th Reserve Division
605:Hermann Cron et al.,
505:Hermann Cron et al.,
344:Garde-Reiter-Regiment
1259:Army Group Mackensen
1128:6th Reserve Division
1123:5th Reserve Division
1036:6th Cavalry Division
1031:3rd Cavalry Division
965:6th Cavalry Division
867:3rd Reserve Division
859:Guards Reserve Corps
715:Imperial German Army
633:(1920), pp. 333-336.
218:Battle of Königgrätz
166:) was a unit of the
1046:XXVII Reserve Corps
257:Battle of the Somme
232:, and in the major
222:Franco-Prussian War
214:Austro-Prussian War
100:Franco-Prussian War
839:2nd Naval Division
836:1st Naval Division
164:1. Division Nr. 23
1289:
1288:
1275:List of Divisions
1196:
1195:
1140:
1139:
1136:
1135:
149:
148:
1319:
1158:A (Falkenhausen)
1151:
1150:
1023:IV Cavalry Corps
825:
824:
730:
729:
713:commands of the
704:
697:
690:
681:
680:
674:
668:
659:
658:(1914), pp.10-11
653:
647:
640:
634:
627:
621:
616:
610:
603:
597:
594:
588:
585:
579:
578:Bredow, p. 1385.
576:
570:
559:
553:
545:
263:, including the
208:Combat chronicle
16:
15:
1327:
1326:
1322:
1321:
1320:
1318:
1317:
1316:
1292:
1291:
1290:
1285:
1284:
1265:
1232:
1192:
1146:Armee-Abteilung
1132:
1109:
1086:
1063:
1040:
1017:
975:X Reserve Corps
969:
918:
853:
816:
726:Numbered Armies
721:
708:
678:
677:
669:
662:
654:
650:
641:
637:
628:
624:
617:
613:
604:
600:
595:
591:
587:Wegner, p. 738.
586:
582:
577:
573:
569:(1905), p.1386.
561:Günter Wegner,
560:
556:
546:
542:
537:
519:Günter Wegner,
490:
432:square division
424:
371:
312:
277:
234:Battle of Sedan
210:
172:Imperial German
152:
118:
19:23rd Division (
12:
11:
5:
1325:
1315:
1314:
1309:
1304:
1287:
1286:
1283:
1282:
1277:
1271:
1270:
1267:
1266:
1264:
1263:
1262:
1261:
1251:
1246:
1240:
1238:
1234:
1233:
1231:
1230:
1225:
1220:
1215:
1210:
1204:
1202:
1198:
1197:
1194:
1193:
1191:
1190:
1185:
1180:
1175:
1170:
1165:
1160:
1154:
1148:
1142:
1141:
1138:
1137:
1134:
1133:
1131:
1130:
1125:
1119:
1117:
1111:
1110:
1108:
1107:
1102:
1096:
1094:
1088:
1087:
1085:
1084:
1079:
1073:
1071:
1065:
1064:
1062:
1061:
1056:
1050:
1048:
1042:
1041:
1039:
1038:
1033:
1027:
1025:
1019:
1018:
1016:
1015:
1010:
1005:
1000:
995:
990:
985:
979:
977:
971:
970:
968:
967:
962:
957:
952:
947:
946:207th Division
944:
939:
934:
928:
926:
920:
919:
917:
916:
911:
906:
901:
898:
893:
888:
883:
880:
875:
869:
863:
861:
855:
854:
852:
851:
846:
845:⅓ 3rd Division
843:
840:
837:
833:
831:
822:
818:
817:
815:
814:
809:
804:
799:
794:
789:
784:
779:
774:
769:
764:
759:
754:
749:
744:
739:
733:
727:
723:
722:
707:
706:
699:
692:
684:
676:
675:
660:
648:
635:
622:
611:
598:
596:Bredow, p.1386
589:
580:
571:
554:
539:
538:
536:
533:
532:
531:
524:
517:
516:(Berlin, 1937)
512:Hermann Cron,
510:
509:(Berlin, 1935)
503:
496:
489:
486:
485:
484:
481:
480:
479:
476:
473:
467:
466:
465:
462:
456:
453:
452:
451:
448:
445:
442:
423:
420:
419:
418:
415:
414:
413:
410:
404:
401:
400:
399:
396:
390:
389:
388:
385:
370:
367:
366:
365:
362:
361:
360:
357:
351:
350:
349:
346:
338:
337:
336:
333:
327:
326:
325:
322:
311:
308:
307:
306:
305:
304:
301:
298:
292:
291:
290:
287:
276:
273:
238:Siege of Paris
209:
206:
150:
147:
146:
97:
93:
92:
87:
83:
82:
75:
71:
70:
69:Approx. 15,000
67:
63:
62:
59:
55:
54:
51:
47:
46:
37:
33:
32:
29:
25:
24:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1324:
1313:
1310:
1308:
1305:
1303:
1300:
1299:
1297:
1281:
1280:List of Corps
1278:
1276:
1273:
1272:
1268:
1260:
1257:
1256:
1255:
1252:
1250:
1247:
1245:
1242:
1241:
1239:
1235:
1229:
1226:
1224:
1221:
1219:
1216:
1214:
1211:
1209:
1206:
1205:
1203:
1199:
1189:
1186:
1184:
1181:
1179:
1176:
1174:
1171:
1169:
1166:
1164:
1161:
1159:
1156:
1155:
1152:
1149:
1147:
1143:
1129:
1126:
1124:
1121:
1120:
1118:
1116:
1112:
1106:
1105:16th Division
1103:
1101:
1100:15th Division
1098:
1097:
1095:
1093:
1089:
1083:
1082:12th Division
1080:
1078:
1077:11th Division
1075:
1074:
1072:
1070:
1066:
1060:
1057:
1055:
1052:
1051:
1049:
1047:
1043:
1037:
1034:
1032:
1029:
1028:
1026:
1024:
1020:
1014:
1013:40th Division
1011:
1009:
1008:39th Division
1006:
1004:
1001:
999:
996:
994:
991:
989:
986:
984:
981:
980:
978:
976:
972:
966:
963:
961:
958:
956:
955:21st Division
953:
951:
948:
945:
943:
940:
938:
937:19th Division
935:
933:
932:26th Division
930:
929:
927:
925:
921:
915:
912:
910:
909:23rd Division
907:
905:
902:
899:
897:
894:
892:
889:
887:
884:
881:
879:
876:
874:
870:
868:
865:
864:
862:
860:
856:
850:
847:
844:
841:
838:
835:
834:
832:
830:
826:
823:
819:
813:
810:
808:
805:
803:
800:
798:
795:
793:
790:
788:
785:
783:
780:
778:
775:
773:
770:
768:
765:
763:
760:
758:
755:
753:
750:
748:
745:
743:
740:
738:
735:
734:
731:
728:
724:
720:
716:
712:
705:
700:
698:
693:
691:
686:
685:
682:
673:
670:Cron et al.,
667:
665:
657:
652:
645:
639:
632:
626:
620:
615:
608:
602:
593:
584:
575:
568:
564:
558:
551:
550:German Empire
544:
540:
529:
525:
522:
518:
515:
511:
508:
504:
501:
497:
495:
492:
491:
482:
477:
474:
471:
470:
468:
463:
460:
459:
457:
454:
449:
446:
443:
440:
439:
437:
436:
435:
433:
429:
416:
411:
408:
407:
405:
402:
397:
394:
393:
391:
386:
383:
382:
380:
379:
378:
376:
363:
358:
355:
354:
352:
347:
345:
342:
341:
339:
334:
331:
330:
328:
323:
320:
319:
317:
316:
315:
302:
299:
296:
295:
293:
288:
285:
284:
282:
281:
280:
272:
270:
266:
262:
258:
254:
250:
249:Great Retreat
246:
245:Western Front
241:
239:
235:
231:
227:
223:
219:
215:
205:
202:
199:
195:
190:
188:
184:
180:
176:
173:
169:
165:
161:
157:
156:23rd Division
151:Military unit
145:
141:
137:
133:
129:
125:
124:Great Retreat
121:
117:
113:
109:
105:
101:
98:
94:
91:
88:
84:
80:
76:
72:
68:
64:
60:
56:
52:
48:
45:
41:
38:
34:
30:
26:
22:
17:
1201:Named Armies
1145:
924:Guards Corps
908:
896:4th Division
873:3rd Division
671:
655:
651:
643:
642:A. Niemann,
638:
629:
625:
614:
606:
601:
592:
583:
574:
566:
562:
557:
543:
526:
520:
513:
506:
499:
425:
372:
313:
278:
242:
211:
203:
191:
186:
163:
160:23. Division
159:
155:
153:
78:
74:Part of
21:23. Division
20:
1173:D (Scholtz)
1168:C (Strantz)
829:Naval Corps
719:World War I
672:Ruhmeshalle
375:World War I
198:World War I
120:World War I
96:Engagements
86:Garrison/HQ
1296:Categories
1183:Lauenstein
1092:VIII Corps
711:Army level
488:References
428:triangular
226:Gravelotte
220:. In the
104:Gravelotte
1163:B (Gaede)
170:and then
144:2nd Marne
140:2nd Somme
128:1st Marne
31:1867-1919
1254:Ober Ost
1115:IX Corps
1069:VI Corps
267:and the
230:Beaumont
108:Beaumont
1237:Related
1188:Woyrsch
179:Dresden
90:Dresden
44:Germany
36:Country
1213:Niemen
1178:Gronau
530:(1920)
502:(1905)
50:Branch
40:Saxony
28:Active
1223:South
1218:North
535:Notes
168:Saxon
132:Somme
116:Paris
112:Sedan
812:19th
807:18th
802:17th
797:14th
792:12th
787:11th
782:10th
631:1919
528:1919
228:and
175:Army
154:The
66:Size
58:Type
53:Army
1208:Bug
821:4th
777:9th
772:8th
767:7th
762:6th
757:5th
752:4th
747:3rd
742:2nd
737:1st
717:in
201:I.
189:).
1298::
871:⅔
663:^
240:.
142:,
138:,
134:,
130:,
126:,
122::
114:,
110:,
106:,
102::
703:e
696:t
689:v
185:(
158:(
81:)
42:/
23:)
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