350:
1439:
ABO blood group antigens in normal human tissues is dependent the type of differentiation of the epithelium. In most human carcinomas, including oral carcinoma, a significant event as part of the underlying mechanism is decreased expression of the A and B antigens. Several studies have observed that a relative down-regulation of GTA and GTB occurs in oral carcinomas in association with tumor development. More recently, a genome wide association study (GWAS) has identified variants in the ABO locus associated with susceptibility to pancreatic cancer. In addition, another large GWAS study has associated ABO-histo blood groups as well as FUT2 secretor status with the presence in the intestinal microbiome of specific bacterial species. In this case the association was with
326:
986:(hh) produce antibodies against the A, B, and O groups and can only receive transfusions from other hh individuals. The table above summarizes the various blood groups that children may inherit from their parents. Genotypes are shown in the second column and in small print for the offspring: AO and AA both test as type A; BO and BB test as type B. The four possibilities represent the combinations obtained when one allele is taken from each parent; each has a 25% chance, but some occur more than once. The text above them summarizes the outcomes.
207:
383:
367:
349:
235:
51:
319:. (1978) found that the human erythrocyte glycoproteins contain polylactosamine chains that contains ABH substances attached and represent the majority of the antigens. The main glycoproteins carrying the ABH antigens were identified to be the Band 3 and Band 4.5 proteins and glycophorin. Later, Yamamoto's group showed the precise glycosyl transferase set that confers the A, B and O epitopes.
282:, meaning without or zero; Landsteiner chose the latter.) This classification was adopted by the National Research Council and became variously known as the National Research Council classification, the International classification, and most popularly the "new" Landsteiner classification. The new system was gradually accepted and by the early 1950s, it was universally followed.
338:
1438:
In human cells, the ABO alleles and their encoded glycosyltransferases have been described in several oncologic conditions. Using anti-GTA/GTB monoclonal antibodies, it was demonstrated that a loss of these enzymes was correlated to malignant bladder and oral epithelia. Furthermore, the expression of
1399:
ABO(H) blood group antigens are also carried by other hemostatically relevant glycoproteins, such as platelet glycoprotein Ibα, which is a ligand for vWF on platelets. The significance of ABO(H) antigen expression on these other hemostatic glycoproteins is not fully defined, but may also be relevant
1487:
antigen on the blood cells of Rh positive individuals, and so blood from Rh negative donors must be used. The modified blood is named "enzyme converted to O" (ECO blood) but despite the early success of converting B- to O-type RBCs and clinical trials without adverse effects transfusing into A- and
1121:
The A blood type contains about 20 subgroups, of which A1 and A2 are the most common (over 99%). A1 makes up about 80% of all A-type blood, with A2 making up almost all of the rest. These two subgroups are not always interchangeable as far as transfusion is concerned, as some A2 individuals produce
202:
A and B) and two antibodies (agglutinins – anti-A and anti-B). His third group (C) indicated absence of both A and B antigens, but contains anti-A and anti-B. The following year, his students
Adriano Sturli and Alfred von Decastello discovered the fourth type (but not naming it, and simply referred
1460:
A multi-locus genetic risk score study based on a combination of 27 loci, including the ABO gene, identified individuals at increased risk for both incident and recurrent coronary artery disease events, as well as an enhanced clinical benefit from statin therapy. The study was based on a community
2151:
Die
Vererbung der durch Isoagglutinine nachweisbaren spezifischen Strukturen A und B der menschlichen Blutkfirper erfolgt nach der Mendelschen Regel, wobei die Eigenschaft der Struktur dominant ist, das Fehlen der Struktur rezessiv. Die Tatsache, dafi die nachweisbaren Bestandteile der Blutkorper
1309:
similar enough to A and B glycoprotein antigens. The antibodies created against these environmental antigens in the first years of life can cross-react with ABO-incompatible red blood cells that it comes in contact with during blood transfusion later in life. Anti-A antibodies are hypothesized to
177:
This was the first evidence that blood variations exist in humans – it was believed that all humans have similar blood. The next year, in 1901, he made a definitive observation that blood serum of an individual would agglutinate with only those of certain individuals. Based on this he classified
1327:
However, it is more likely that the force driving evolution of allele diversity is simply negative frequency-dependent selection; cells with rare variants of membrane antigens are more easily distinguished by the immune system from pathogens carrying antigens from other hosts. Thus, individuals
1194:
The same study also identified 18 rare alleles, which generally have a weaker glycosylation activity. People with weak alleles of A can sometimes express anti-A antibodies, though these are usually not clinically significant as they do not stably interact with the antigen at body temperature.
355:
There are three basic variants of immunoglobulin antigens in humans that share a very similar chemical structure but are distinctly different. Red circles show where there are differences in chemical structure in the antigen-binding site (sometimes called the antibody-combining site) of human
1368:(control of bleeding). In fact, having type O blood predisposes to bleeding, as 30% of the total genetic variation observed in plasma vWF is explained by the effect of the ABO blood group, and individuals with group O blood normally have significantly lower plasma levels of vWF (and
172:
The serum of healthy human beings not only agglutinates animal red cells, but also often those of human origin, from other individuals. It remains to be seen whether this appearance is related to inborn differences between individuals or it is the result of some damage of bacterial
178:
human blood into three groups, namely group A, group B, and group C. He defined that group A blood agglutinates with group B, but never with its own type. Similarly, group B blood agglutinates with group A. Group C blood is different in that it agglutinates with both A and B.
1451:
of the same OTU (operational taxonomic unit) have been shown to be associated with inflammatory bowel disease, thus the study suggests an important role for the ABO histo-blood group antigens as candidates for direct modulation of the human microbiome in health and disease.
1105:, but in 1957 only 50% of American men falsely accused were able to use them as evidence against paternity. Occasionally, the blood types of children are not consistent with expectations—for example, a type O child can be born to an AB parent—due to rare situations, such as
2588:"Erythroglycan, a high molecular weight glycopeptide with the repeating structure [galactosyl-(1 leads to 4)-2-deoxy-2-acetamido-glucosyl(1 leads to 3)] comprising more than one-third of the protein-bound carbohydrate of human erythrocyte stroma"
1276:
Some evolutionary biologists theorize that there are four main lineages of the ABO gene and that mutations creating type O have occurred at least three times in humans. From oldest to youngest, these lineages comprise the following alleles:
254:
These two systems created confusion and potential danger in medical practice. Moss's system was adopted in
Britain, France, and US, while Janský's was preferred in most European countries and some parts of US. To resolve the chaos, the
337:
263:, and the Association of Pathologists and Bacteriologists made a joint recommendation in 1921 that the Jansky classification be adopted based on priority. But it was not followed particularly where Moss's system had been used.
1129:, it has been possible to identify a much larger number of alleles at the ABO locus, each of which can be categorized as A, B, or O in terms of the reaction to transfusion, but which can be distinguished by variations in the
314:
were conferred by sugars, to be specific, N-acetylgalactosamine for the A-type and galactose for the B-type. After much published literature claiming that the ABH substances were all attached to glycosphingolipids, Finne
225:
introduced the term 0 (null) for the group
Landsteiner designated as C, and AB for the type discovered by Sturli and von Decastello. They were also the first to explain the genetic inheritance of the blood groups.
3877:
Ares SM, Nardozza LMM, Araujo Júnior E, Santana EFM. Non-RhD alloimmunization in pregnancy: an updated review. Rev Bras
Ginecol Obstet. 2024 Mar 15;46:e-rbgo22. doi: 10.61622/rbgo/2024AO22. PMID: 38765509; PMCID:
4394:
Kruskall MS, AuBuchon JP, Anthony KY, Herschel L, Pickard C, Biehl R, et al. (November 2000). "Transfusion to blood group A and O patients of group B RBCs that have been enzymatically converted to group O".
3741:"The prevalence of the cysteine1584 variant of von Willebrand factor is increased in type 1 von Willebrand disease: co-segregation with increased susceptibility to ADAMTS13 proteolysis but not clinical phenotype"
246:
independently introduced blood type classification in 1907 in a local journal. He used the Roman numerical I, II, III, and IV (corresponding to modern O, A, B, and AB). Unknown to Janský, an
American physician
1461:
cohort study (the Malmo Diet and Cancer study) and four additional randomized controlled trials of primary prevention cohorts (JUPITER and ASCOT) and secondary prevention cohorts (CARE and PROVE IT-TIMI 22).
1396:(from blood clotting) for the first time. The results of this study found that the occurrence was not affected by ADAMTS13 polymorphism, and the only significant genetic factor was the person's blood group.
3068:
Ogasawara K, Bannai M, Saitou N, Yabe R, Nakata K, Takenaka M, et al. (June 1996). "Extensive polymorphism of ABO blood group gene: three major lineages of the alleles for the common ABO phenotypes".
1314:, whose epitopes are similar enough to the α-D-N-galactosamine on the A glycoprotein to be able to elicit a cross-reaction. Anti-B antibodies are hypothesized to originate from antibodies produced against
193:
may be said that there exist at least two different types of agglutinins, one in A, another one in B, and both together in C. The red blood cells are inert to the agglutinins which are present in the same
1856:
3829:
Hollenhorst, Marie A.; Tiemeyer, Katherine H.; Mahoney, Keira E.; Aoki, Kazuhiro; Ishihara, Mayumi; Lowery, Sarah C.; Rangel-Angarita, Valentina; Bertozzi, Carolyn R.; Malaker, Stacy A. (April 2023).
1328:
possessing rare types are better equipped to detect pathogens. The high within-population diversity observed in human populations would, then, be a consequence of natural selection on individuals.
526:
phenotype has a single enzyme that creates both A and B antigens. The resulting red blood cells do not usually express A or B antigen at the same level that would be expected on common group A
4512:
2957:
1215:
The distribution of the blood groups A, B, O and AB varies across the world according to the population. There are also variations in blood type distribution within human subpopulations.
185:
in 1930. In his paper, he referred to the specific blood group interactions as isoagglutination, and also introduced the concept of agglutinins (antibodies), which is the actual basis of
2627:
Laine RA, Rush JS (1988). "Chemistry of Human
Erythrocyte Polylactosamine Glycopeptides (Erythroglycans) as Related to ABH Blood Group Antigenic Determinants". In Wu A, Kabat E (eds.).
274:
concerned with blood grouping, he suggested to substitute Janský's and Moss's systems with the letters O, A, B, and AB. (There was another confusion on the use of figure 0 for German
3608:"Amount of H antigen expressed on circulating von Willebrand factor is modified by ABO blood group genotype and is a major determinant of plasma von Willebrand factor antigen levels"
2283:
Garratty G, Dzik W, Issitt PD, Lublin DM, Reid ME, Zelinski T (April 2000). "Terminology for blood group antigens and genes-historical origins and guidelines in the new millennium".
3696:
Shima M, Fujimura Y, Nishiyama T, Tsujiuchi T, Narita N, Matsui T, et al. (1995). "ABO blood group genotype and plasma von
Willebrand factor in normal individuals".
3514:
Sarode R, Goldstein J, Sussman II, Nagel RL, Tsai HM (June 2000). "Role of A and B blood group antigens in the expression of adhesive activity of von
Willebrand factor".
2830:
Ferguson-Smith MA, Aitken DA, Turleau C, de
Grouchy J (September 1976). "Localisation of the human ABO: Np-1: AK-1 linkage group by regional assignment of AK-1 to 9q34".
1616:
1532:
program. Its popularity faded following Japan's defeat in World War 2 and Japanese support for eugenics faltered, but it resurfaced in the 1970s by a journalist named
2494:
Finne J, Krusius T, Rauvala H, Kekomaki R, Myllyla G (May 1978). "Alkali-stable blood group A- and B-active poly(glycosyl)-peptides from human erythrocyte membrane".
5120:
4351:
Liu QP, Sulzenbacher G, Yuan H, Bennett EP, Pietz G, Saunders K, et al. (April 2007). "Bacterial glycosidases for the production of universal red blood cells".
3327:
1372:) than do non-O individuals. In addition, vWF is degraded more rapidly due to the higher prevalence of blood group O with the Cys1584 variant of vWF (an amino acid
1879:
5165:
343:
Student blood test. Three drops of blood are mixed with anti-B (left) and anti-A (right) serum. Agglutination with anti-A suggests this individual is type A.
168:) when mixed in test tubes with sera from different persons, and that some human blood also agglutinated with animal blood. He wrote a two-sentence footnote:
325:
4641:
512:, which means that type A and B parents can have an AB child. A couple with type A and type B can also have a type O child if they are both heterozygous (
3014:
1344:, membrane transportation of molecules, and acting as receptors for extracellular ligands, and enzymes. ABO antigens are found having similar roles on
4520:
5007:
2007:
389:
of the possible genotypes and phenotypes of children given genotypes and phenotypes of their mother (rows) and father (columns) shaded by phenotype
4304:"Genetic risk, coronary heart disease events, and the clinical benefit of statin therapy: an analysis of primary and secondary prevention trials"
3283:
Calafell F, Roubinet F, Ramírez-Soriano A, Saitou N, Bertranpetit J, Blancher A (September 2008). "Evolutionary dynamics of the human ABO gene".
2961:
4764:
1551:. As with blood type personality theory, these and other popular ideas lack scientific evidence, and many are discredited or pseudoscientific.
1640:"International society of blood transfusion working party on red cell immunogenetics and terminology: report of the Seoul and London meetings"
4723:
3790:"High von Willebrand factor levels increase the risk of first ischemic stroke: influence of ADAMTS13, inflammation, and genetic variability"
2547:"The poly(glycosyl) chains of glycoproteins. Characterisation of a novel type of glycoprotein saccharides from human erythrocyte membrane"
5002:
5012:
4885:
97:
251:
devised a slightly different classification using the same numerical; his I, II, III, and IV corresponding to modern AB, A, B, and O.
3989:(December 1999). "Antigen structure and genetic basis of histo-blood groups A, B and O: their changes associated with human cancer".
3890:"Translational mini-review series on Toll-like receptors: Toll-like receptor ligands as novel pharmaceuticals for allergic disorders"
2375:
Morgan WT, Watkins WM (January 1969). "Genetic and biochemical aspects of human blood-group A-, B-, H-, Le-a- and Le-b-specificity".
2152:
niemals rezessiv sind und daher bei den Kindern nie erscheinen, wenn nicht einer der Eltern sie enthait, ist forensisch zu verwerten.
271:
1836:
Landsteiner K (1900). "Zur Kenntnis der antifermentativen, lytischen und agglutinierenden Wirkungen des Blutserums und der Lymphe".
4715:
120:
antibodies, produced in the first years of life by sensitization to environmental substances such as food, bacteria, and viruses.
1218:
In the UK, the distribution of blood type frequencies through the population still shows some correlation to the distribution of
2703:
Yamamoto F, Clausen H, White T, Marken J, Hakomori S (May 1990). "Molecular genetic basis of the histo-blood group ABO system".
5028:
2668:
Finne J (February 1980). "Identification of the blood-group ABH-active glycoprotein components of human erythrocyte membrane".
2410:
Watkins WM (1980). "Biochemistry and Genetics of the ABO, Lewis, and P Blood Group Systems". In Harris H, Hirschhorn K (eds.).
1608:
1409:
1250:
to the population. The native Celts tended to have more type O blood, while the other populations tended to have more type A.
4997:
3223:
1751:
256:
182:
128:
4737:
4254:"Genome-wide association study in 8,956 German individuals identifies influence of ABO histo-blood groups on gut microbiome"
5320:
5023:
2451:
Watkins WM, Morgan WT (April 1959). "Possible genetical pathways for the biosynthesis of blood group mucopolysaccharides".
2142:
1427:
3364:
4253:
4757:
2814:
1513:, which claims that blood types predict or influence personality. This claim is not scientifically based, and there is
1210:
5040:
4205:"Genome-wide association study implicates immune activation of multiple integrin genes in inflammatory bowel disease"
2873:
Yazer MH, Olsson ML, Palcic MM (July 2006). "The cis-AB blood group phenotype: fundamental lessons in glycobiology".
2644:
2427:
260:
1415:
4649:
2631:. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology. Vol. 228. Plenum Publishing Corporation. pp. 331–347.
303:
3788:
Bongers TN, de Maat MP, van Goor ML, Bhagwanbali V, van Vliet HH, Gómez García EB, et al. (November 2006).
5300:
5290:
17:
5295:
4825:
4750:
1510:
1504:
530:
or B red blood cells, which can help solve the problem of an apparently genetically impossible blood group.
509:
371:
5075:
4929:
186:
161:
4489:
1122:
antibodies against the A1 antigen. Complications can sometimes arise in rare cases when typing the blood.
4945:
1475:
an inexpensive and efficient way to convert types A, B, and AB blood into type O. This is done by using
4556:
4571:
4252:
Rühlemann MC, Hermes BM, Bang C, Doms S, Moitinho-Silva L, Thingholm LB, et al. (February 2021).
112:
to an organ transplant. Such mismatches are rare in modern medicine. The associated anti-A and anti-B
5155:
5150:
5115:
5095:
5050:
4992:
2021:
Von Decastello AS, Sturli A (1902). "Concerning isoagglutinins in serum of healthy and sick humans".
222:
105:
5305:
4972:
4962:
5269:
5220:
5200:
4847:
4610:
3436:
Reid ME, Mohandas N (April 2004). "Red blood cell blood group antigens: structure and function".
2984:
1767:
Ségurel L, Thompson EE, Flutre T, Lovstad J, Venkat A, Margulis SW, et al. (November 2012).
165:
38:
4154:
McGovern DP, Jones MR, Taylor KD, Marciante K, Yan X, Dubinsky M, et al. (September 2010).
5310:
5244:
5190:
5085:
4810:
1373:
1315:
1305:
It is possible that food and environmental antigens (bacterial, viral, or plant antigens) have
1231:
1201:
is another rare variant, in which A and B genes are transmitted together from a single parent.
267:
2240:
Schmidt P, Okroi M (2001). "Also sprach Landsteiner – Blood Group 'O' or Blood Group 'NULL'".
1547:, that group O is associated with better teeth, and that those with group A2 have the highest
5230:
5185:
5090:
4742:
4302:
Mega JL, Stitziel NO, Smith JG, Chasman DI, Caulfield M, Devlin JJ, et al. (June 2015).
2001:
1484:
1357:
1102:
4732:
4203:
de Lange KM, Moutsianas L, Lee JC, Lamb CA, Luo Y, Kennedy NA, et al. (February 2017).
1582:
5195:
5110:
5100:
4982:
4924:
4803:
4777:
2989:
2985:"I'm concerned that my child doesn't have traits I expected. Should I do a paternity test?"
2712:
2503:
1790:
1638:
Storry JR, Castilho L, Chen Q, Daniels G, Denomme G, Flegel WA, et al. (August 2016).
1514:
1471:
1385:
1266:
450:
393:
Blood groups are inherited from both parents. The ABO blood type is controlled by a single
248:
31:
3739:
Bowen DJ, Collins PW, Lester W, Cumming AM, Keeney S, Grundy P, et al. (March 2005).
1536:. Despite its status as a pseudoscience, it remains widely popular throughout East Asia.
8:
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4820:
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1476:
1294:
434:
4408:
3855:
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2507:
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1857:"The blood revolution initiated by the famous footnote of Karl Landsteiner's 1900 paper"
1794:
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4376:
4328:
4303:
4284:
4229:
4204:
4180:
4155:
4131:
4106:
4070:
Dabelsteen E (February 2002). "ABO blood group antigens in oral mucosa. What is new?".
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3963:
3938:
3914:
3889:
3806:
3789:
3770:
3721:
3709:
3637:
3588:
3559:"The relationship between ABO histo-blood group, factor VIII and von Willebrand factor"
3539:
3496:
3484:
3449:
3413:
3388:
3355:
3308:
3191:
3162:
3138:
3113:
3094:
2855:
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2563:
2546:
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2069:
2044:
1989:
1932:
1920:
1813:
1780:
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1715:
1688:
1664:
1639:
1297:. Both theories contradict the previously held theory that type O blood evolved first.
406:
4319:
4002:
3214:
Potts WT (1979). "History and Blood Groups in the British Isles". In Sawyer PH (ed.).
2604:
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4044:
4006:
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3860:
3811:
3762:
3757:
3740:
3713:
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3580:
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3558:
3531:
3527:
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3453:
3418:
3359:
3347:
3300:
3262:
3219:
3196:
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3086:
3050:
2890:
2847:
2810:
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2728:
2685:
2650:
2640:
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2568:
2519:
2515:
2468:
2433:
2423:
2392:
2357:
2300:
2257:
2219:
2115:
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1981:
1924:
1871:
1818:
1747:
1740:
1738:
Maton A, Hopkins J, McLaughlin CW, Johnson S, Warner MQ, LaHart D, Wright JD (1993).
1720:
1669:
140:
89:
4424:
4380:
4156:"Fucosyltransferase 2 (FUT2) non-secretor status is associated with Crohn's disease"
4056:
3774:
3725:
3592:
3543:
3500:
3312:
3098:
2859:
2480:
2312:
2269:
1993:
1936:
1687:
Muramatsu M, Gonzalez HD, Cacciola R, Aikawa A, Yaqoob MM, Puliatti C (March 2014).
1414:
ABO blood group incompatibilities between the mother and child do not usually cause
1392:
as ABO blood type. Higher levels of vWF are more common amongst people who have had
290:
The first practical use of blood typing in transfusion was by an American physician
160:, working at the Pathological-Anatomical Institute of the University of Vienna (now
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4914:
4880:
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4678:
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3998:
3958:
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3909:
3901:
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3842:
3801:
3752:
3705:
3668:
3619:
3570:
3523:
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3400:
3339:
3292:
3252:
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3178:
3133:
3125:
3078:
3040:
2882:
2839:
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2767:
2740:
2720:
2677:
2632:
2599:
2558:
2511:
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2415:
2384:
2347:
2339:
2292:
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2211:
2138:
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1973:
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1798:
1710:
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in 1907. Large-scale application began during the First World War (1914–1915) when
291:
218:
157:
124:
3673:
3656:
3641:
3389:"Evolution of the human ABO polymorphism by two complementary selective pressures"
2531:
5254:
5068:
4835:
4830:
3257:
3240:
2636:
1560:
1540:
1393:
1345:
1311:
278:
as introduced by Hirszfeld and von Dungern, because others used the letter O for
109:
3471:
Mohandas N, Narla A (March 2005). "Blood group antigens in health and disease".
2419:
5140:
5035:
4950:
4910:
4875:
4587:
4272:
4040:
4027:
Dabelsteen E, Gao S (January 2005). "ABO blood-group antigens in oral cancer".
3846:
3045:
3028:
2886:
2343:
2215:
1773:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
1581:
Schreiber BA, Curley R, Gaur A, Rodriguez E, Rogers K, Sinha S (18 July 2017).
1480:
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446:
386:
206:
59:
4682:
4456:
3954:
3831:"Comprehensive analysis of platelet glycoprotein Ibα ectodomain glycosylation"
3296:
3182:
2772:
2060:
1528:
The belief originated in the 1930s, when it was introduced as part of Japan's
1293:. The continued presence of the O alleles is hypothesized to be the result of
310:
at one locus in 1924. Watkins and Morgan, in England, discovered that the ABO
5284:
5125:
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4785:
4595:
2261:
2223:
1985:
1533:
1518:
1469:
In April 2007, an international team of researchers announced in the journal
1341:
1337:
382:
299:
181:
This was the discovery of blood groups for which Landsteiner was awarded the
2908:
1803:
1483:. The removal of A and B antigens still does not address the problem of the
1336:
The carbohydrate molecules on the surfaces of red blood cells have roles in
1269:. This variant is found worldwide, and likely predates human migration from
243:
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4815:
4475:
4416:
4372:
4337:
4280:
4238:
4189:
4140:
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4010:
3923:
3864:
3815:
3766:
3633:
3584:
3535:
3492:
3457:
3422:
3404:
3351:
3304:
3266:
3200:
3147:
3054:
2894:
2791:
2472:
2304:
2119:
1964:
Durand JK, Willis MS (2001). "Karl Landsteiner, MD: Transfusion Medicine".
1928:
1822:
1724:
1673:
1522:
1361:
1235:
442:
199:
4542:
3972:
3717:
3682:
3657:"The effect of ABO blood group on the diagnosis of von Willebrand disease"
3624:
3607:
3090:
2732:
2689:
2654:
2437:
2396:
2361:
1875:
331:
Diagram showing the carbohydrate chains that determine the ABO blood group
5130:
4957:
4793:
4700:
4440:"Toward universal donor blood: Enzymatic conversion of A and B to O type"
4171:
3655:
Gill JC, Endres-Brooks J, Bauer PJ, Marks WJ, Montgomery RR (June 1987).
3129:
3114:"Imbalance in A₂ and A₂B phenotype frequency of ABO group in South India"
2851:
2613:
2572:
2078:
1705:
1369:
366:
295:
85:
70:
2756:"A new chemical approach to human ABO histo-blood group type 2 antigens"
2523:
1838:
Zentralblatt für Bakteriologie, Parasitenkunde und Infektionskrankheiten
234:
213:
marine uniform imprint, showing the wearer's blood type as "B (III) Rh+"
5058:
4870:
4122:
3082:
2843:
1655:
1365:
1262:
1254:
398:
356:
immunoglobulin. Notice the O-type antigen does not have a binding site.
113:
93:
80:
is used to denote the presence of one, both, or neither of the A and B
66:
2253:
1977:
1488:
O-type patients, the technology has not yet become clinical practice.
1479:
enzymes from specific bacteria to strip the blood group antigens from
131:
in 1930 for this discovery. ABO blood types are also present in other
5135:
5017:
4906:
3282:
3167:-AB, the Blood Group of Many Faces, Is a Conundrum to the Novice Eye"
2934:
2829:
2724:
1422:
type, which do not cross the placenta. However, in an O-type mother,
1258:
505:
375:
306:
demonstrated the correct blood group inheritance pattern of multiple
4364:
4220:
1509:
In Japan and other parts of East Asia, there is a popular belief in
1491:
Another approach to the blood antigen problem is the manufacture of
1418:(HDN) because antibodies to the ABO blood groups are usually of the
156:
The ABO blood types were first discovered by an Austrian physician,
4890:
4798:
3026:
2809:(5th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. p. 83.
1544:
1529:
1381:
1377:
1257:
with the group A allele A01. However, unlike the group A allele, a
1243:
1227:
1219:
1138:
132:
101:
3386:
3027:
Seltsam A, Hallensleben M, Kollmann A, Blasczyk R (October 2003).
1785:
1517:
that no such link exists; the scientific community considers it a
1351:
5249:
5215:
4570:
Wu, Kunher; Lindsted, Kristian D.; Lee, Jerry W. (1 March 2005).
3787:
3605:
1907:
Landsteiner K (1961) . "On agglutination of normal human blood".
1769:"The ABO blood group is a trans-species polymorphism in primates"
1426:
ABO antibodies are produced and the baby can potentially develop
1306:
1239:
430:
311:
210:
81:
55:
50:
3606:
O'Donnell J, Boulton FE, Manning RA, Laffan MA (February 2002).
164:). In 1900, he found that red blood cells would clump together (
5160:
4393:
3695:
3387:
Seymour RM, Allan MJ, Pomiankowski A, Gustafsson K (May 2004).
2183:
Moss WL (1910). "Studies on isoagglutinins and isohemolysins".
2147:
Zeitschrift für Immunitätsforschung und Experimentelle Therapie
1686:
1324:, cross-reacting with the α-D-galactose on the B glycoprotein.
1270:
1198:
1134:
1110:
522:
438:
402:
307:
37:"Type O" redirects here. For other uses, including type 0, see
4772:
3828:
3241:"The ABO blood group system and Plasmodium falciparum malaria"
3029:"The nature of diversity and diversification at the ABO locus"
96:(or group) classification systems currently recognized by the
5239:
5225:
5205:
4719:
2754:
Hara A, Imamura A, Ando H, Ishida H, Kiso M (December 2013).
1737:
1464:
1253:
The two common O alleles, O01 and O02, share their first 261
1223:
4153:
1766:
1580:
508:, because A and B express a special dominance relationship:
5234:
5105:
5080:
4667:"Blood group serology--the first four decades (1900--1939)"
3654:
3513:
2493:
2045:"Blood group serology--the first four decades (1900--1939)"
1609:"ISBT: Red Cell Immunogenetics and Blood Group Terminology"
1247:
394:
136:
42:
4350:
2702:
2143:"Über Vererbung gruppenspezifischer Strukturen des Blutes"
1273:. The O01 allele is considered to predate the O02 allele.
4727:
4202:
3738:
3067:
1637:
1419:
1222:
and to the successive invasions and migrations including
1130:
117:
63:
4572:"Blood type and the five factors of personality in Asia"
4301:
2282:
1204:
4251:
2958:"Misattributed paternity rates and non-paternity rates"
2164:
Janský J (1907). "Haematologick studie u. psychotiku".
1548:
1403:
3991:
Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - General Subjects
2586:
Järnefelt J, Rush J, Li YT, Laine RA (November 1978).
2753:
2133:
449:
antigens. The gene is located on the long arm of the
104:(or in various others) can cause a potentially fatal
2585:
2020:
1746:. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, USA: Prentice Hall.
4022:
4020:
3556:
2544:
2235:
2233:
2091:
1959:
1957:
1955:
238:
Jan Janský, who invented type I, II, III, IV system
3612:Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology
3363:
3338:(6): 357, author reply 359-357, author reply 360.
2414:. Vol. 10. New York: Plenum. pp. 1–136.
2328:"Felix Bernstein and the first human marker locus"
1739:
1689:"ABO incompatible renal transplants: Good or bad?"
1495:, which could act as a substitute in emergencies.
2872:
2629:The Molecular Immunology of Complex Carbohydrates
1902:
1900:
1631:
5282:
5008:Transfusion-associated graft versus host disease
4519:. Provided by the Canadian Press. Archived from
4017:
2230:
1952:
100:(ISBT) as of December 2022. A mismatch in this
4733:Encyclopædia Britannica, ABO blood group system
2545:Krusius T, Finne J, Rauvala H (December 1978).
1352:Bleeding and thrombosis (von Willebrand factor)
270:in New York. As a member of a committee of the
92:, it is the most important of the 44 different
4722:Blood Group Antigen Gene Mutation Database at
4545:. Associated Press. NBC News. 1 February 2009.
4437:
1897:
4758:
4569:
4026:
3470:
3160:
3017:, The Owen Foundation. Retrieved 1 July 2008.
2450:
2374:
4431:
4111:International Journal of Biological Sciences
4104:
3435:
2804:
2239:
2006:: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of June 2024 (
1963:
1680:
5003:Transfusion associated circulatory overload
4611:"Why Do People Have Different Blood Types?"
4543:"In Japan, you are what your blood type is"
4513:"Myth about Japan blood types under attack"
3278:
3276:
3111:
2202:Doan CA (1927). "The Transfusion problem".
2157:
2038:
2036:
1906:
1835:
1101:Historically, ABO blood tests were used in
484:people have type O blood. Individuals with
98:International Society of Blood Transfusions
5013:Febrile non-hemolytic transfusion reaction
4886:International Society of Blood Transfusion
4765:
4751:
4069:
3238:
3232:
3207:
3161:Chun S, Choi S, Yu H, Cho D (March 2019).
3118:Blood Transfusion = Trasfusione del Sangue
2866:
2823:
1563:– secretion of ABO antigens in body fluids
1465:Alteration of ABO antigens for transfusion
1261:base is subsequently deleted. A premature
268:Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research
30:"ABO" redirects here. For other uses, see
4690:
4510:
4465:
4455:
4327:
4228:
4179:
4130:
3962:
3913:
3854:
3805:
3756:
3672:
3623:
3574:
3412:
3256:
3190:
3137:
3044:
2781:
2771:
2626:
2603:
2562:
2351:
2176:
2109:
2068:
1812:
1802:
1784:
1714:
1704:
1663:
1574:
1356:The ABO antigen is also expressed on the
993:Blood group inheritance by phenotype only
229:
4072:Journal of Oral Pathology & Medicine
3985:
3273:
3010:
3008:
2195:
2033:
1433:
492:have type A blood, and individuals with
381:
365:
233:
205:
49:
3887:
3325:
2409:
2094:"A brief history of human blood groups"
1310:originate from immune response towards
123:The ABO blood types were discovered by
14:
5283:
4576:Personality and Individual Differences
4438:Rahfeld P, Withers SG (January 2020).
3557:O'Donnell J, Laffan MA (August 2001).
2185:Bulletin of the Johns Hopkins Hospital
2163:
2085:
1854:
1410:Hemolytic disease of the newborn (ABO)
266:In 1927, Landsteiner had moved to the
4998:Transfusion related acute lung injury
4746:
4608:
3835:Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis
3328:""Natural" versus regular antibodies"
3213:
3005:
2982:
2901:
2667:
1848:
1331:
1205:Distribution and evolutionary history
557:
552:
285:
257:American Association of Immunologists
183:Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
129:Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
4664:
4639:
3894:Clinical and Experimental Immunology
2915:. Australian Red Cross Blood Service
2913:Inheritance patterns of blood groups
2325:
2319:
2242:Transfusion Medicine and Hemotherapy
2201:
2182:
2042:
2023:Munchener Medizinische Wochenschrift
1966:Transfusion Medicine and Hemotherapy
1619:from the original on 2 February 2022
1428:ABO hemolytic disease of the newborn
1404:ABO hemolytic disease of the newborn
4490:"Scientists create 'plastic' blood"
4409:10.1046/j.1537-2995.2000.40111290.x
3939:"Bone marrow transplantation: 1982"
3936:
3239:Cserti CM, Dzik WH (October 2007).
2592:The Journal of Biological Chemistry
2297:10.1046/j.1537-2995.2000.40040477.x
2092:Farhud DD, Zarif Yeganeh M (2013).
261:Society of American Bacteriologists
24:
4738:National Blood Transfusion Service
4646:Blood Groups and Red Cell Antigens
4632:
4105:Amundadottir LT (1 January 2016).
3807:10.1161/01.STR.0000244767.39962.f7
3710:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1995.tb02579.x
3485:10.1097/01.moh.0000153000.09585.79
3450:10.1053/j.seminhematol.2004.01.001
3344:10.1023/B:JOPC.0000039625.56296.6e
3112:Shastry S, Bhat S (October 2010).
2682:10.1111/j.1432-1033.1980.tb04414.x
2564:10.1111/j.1432-1033.1978.tb12747.x
2465:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1959.tb04023.x
2389:10.1093/oxfordjournals.bmb.a070666
1941:Originally published in German in
1921:10.1111/j.1537-2995.1961.tb00005.x
1455:
1300:
1211:Blood type distribution by country
198:Thus, he discovered two antigens (
25:
5332:
5041:Transfusion transmitted infection
4709:
1541:blood type-specific dietary needs
4642:"Chapter 5: The ABO blood group"
4084:10.1046/j.0904-2512.2001.00004.x
3906:10.1111/j.1365-2249.2006.03296.x
3758:10.1111/j.1365-2141.2005.05375.x
3576:10.1046/j.1365-3148.2001.00315.x
3528:10.1046/j.1365-2141.2000.02113.x
3393:Proceedings. Biological Sciences
2670:European Journal of Biochemistry
2551:European Journal of Biochemistry
2098:Iranian Journal of Public Health
1693:World Journal of Transplantation
1498:
1416:hemolytic disease of the newborn
348:
336:
324:
203:to it as "no particular type").
189:in the ABO system. He asserted:
41:. For typographical errors, see
4602:
4563:
4535:
4504:
4482:
4387:
4344:
4295:
4245:
4196:
4147:
4098:
4063:
3979:
3930:
3881:
3871:
3822:
3781:
3732:
3689:
3648:
3599:
3550:
3507:
3464:
3429:
3380:
3319:
3154:
3105:
3061:
3020:
2983:Starr, D. Barry (18 May 2007).
2976:
2949:
2927:
2798:
2747:
2696:
2661:
2620:
2579:
2538:
2487:
2444:
2403:
2368:
2276:
2127:
2014:
1141:that produce one's blood type:
1133:sequence. There are six common
4511:Yamaguchi, Mari (6 May 2005).
3745:British Journal of Haematology
3516:British Journal of Haematology
1943:Wiener Klinische Wochenschrift
1829:
1760:
1731:
1601:
1589:. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc
13:
1:
4320:10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61730-X
4003:10.1016/s0304-4165(99)00183-x
3674:10.1182/blood.V69.6.1691.1691
3473:Current Opinion in Hematology
3171:Annals of Laboratory Medicine
2805:Klug WS, Cummings MR (1997).
2605:10.1016/S0021-9258(17)34351-X
2412:Advances in Human Genetics 10
1567:
1543:, that group A causes severe
1511:Blood type personality theory
1505:Blood type personality theory
1400:for bleeding and thrombosis.
88:(red blood cells). For human
27:Classification of blood types
4930:Intraoperative blood salvage
4107:"Pancreatic Cancer Genetics"
3258:10.1182/blood-2007-03-077602
2875:Transfusion Medicine Reviews
2637:10.1007/978-1-4613-1663-3_12
2516:10.1016/0014-5793(78)80534-1
1855:Kantha SS (September 1995).
1348:as well as red blood cells.
1137:in white individuals of the
1116:
162:Medical University of Vienna
151:
7:
5321:Genes on human chromosome 9
4946:Blood compatibility testing
3888:Goldman M (February 2007).
3216:English Medieval Settlement
2937:. Abobloodtypes.webnode.com
2420:10.1007/978-1-4615-8288-5_1
1554:
361:
108:after a transfusion, or an
10:
5337:
4588:10.1016/j.paid.2004.06.004
4273:10.1038/s41588-020-00747-1
4041:10.1177/154405910508400103
4029:Journal of Dental Research
3847:10.1016/j.jtha.2023.01.009
3326:van Oss CJ (August 2004).
3046:10.1182/blood-2003-03-0955
2909:"ABO inheritance patterns"
2887:10.1016/j.tmrv.2006.03.002
2216:10.1152/physrev.1927.7.1.1
1864:The Ceylon Medical Journal
1502:
1407:
1246:to the placenames and the
1208:
1174:
1168:
1157:
982:Individuals with the rare
146:
36:
29:
5049:
4993:Transfusion hemosiderosis
4981:
4938:
4899:
4863:
4784:
4683:10.1017/s0025727300051383
4609:Klein HG (7 March 2005).
4457:10.1074/jbc.REV119.008164
3955:10.1136/bmj.285.6351.1296
3297:10.1007/s00439-008-0530-8
3183:10.3343/alm.2019.39.2.115
2773:10.3390/molecules19010414
2061:10.1017/S0025727300051383
1980:(inactive 26 June 2024).
1016:
1011:
1006:
1001:
998:
991:
808:
695:
624:
614:
604:
594:
584:
574:
571:
562:
547:
545:
542:
535:
272:National Research Council
223:Emil Freiherr von Dungern
187:antigen-antibody reaction
127:in 1901; he received the
4973:Monocyte monolayer assay
4160:Human Molecular Genetics
3937:Kay HE (November 1982).
2935:"ABO blood group system"
2377:British Medical Bulletin
2344:10.1093/genetics/133.1.4
2326:Crow JF (January 1993).
2149:. G. Fischer.: 284–292.
1742:Human Biology and Health
1583:"ABO blood group system"
1539:Other popular ideas are
1364:, which participates in
1125:With the development of
110:unwanted immune response
4848:Granulocyte transfusion
3943:British Medical Journal
1804:10.1073/pnas.1210603109
1587:Encyclopædia Britannica
537:Blood group inheritance
425:designation stands for
4665:Farr AD (April 1979).
4555:: CS1 maint: others (
3438:Seminars in Hematology
3405:10.1098/rspb.2004.2674
3218:. St. Martin's Press.
3015:Blood Group A Suptypes
2043:Farr AD (April 1979).
1376:in VWF): the gene for
1316:Gram-negative bacteria
468:gives type O. As both
401:) with three types of
390:
379:
239:
230:Classification systems
214:
196:
175:
78:ABO blood group system
73:
5301:Antigenic determinant
5291:Blood antigen systems
4983:Transfusion reactions
3625:10.1161/hq0202.103997
2204:Physiological Reviews
1434:Clinical applications
1388:band q34.2, the same
1358:von Willebrand factor
460:allele gives type A,
433:. The gene encodes a
385:
369:
300:blood clot prevention
298:began to be used for
237:
209:
191:
170:
53:
5296:Transfusion medicine
4963:Kleihauer–Betke test
4925:Exchange transfusion
4804:Platelet transfusion
4778:transfusion medicine
4353:Nature Biotechnology
3563:Transfusion Medicine
3130:10.2450/2010.0147-09
2990:The Tech Interactive
2807:Concepts of Genetics
1706:10.5500/wjt.v4.i1.18
1515:scientific consensus
1472:Nature Biotechnology
1445:Faecalibacterium spp
1267:frame-shift mutation
1242:who contributed the
32:ABO (disambiguation)
5051:Blood group systems
4986:and adverse effects
4821:Fresh frozen plasma
4652:on 18 February 2009
4615:Scientific American
4523:on 28 December 2009
4314:(9984): 2264–2271.
3949:(6351): 1296–1298.
3399:(1543): 1065–1072.
3332:The Protein Journal
2717:1990Natur.345..229Y
2508:1978FEBSL..89..111F
1795:2012PNAS..10918493S
1779:(45): 18493–18498.
1644:ISBT Science Series
1295:balancing selection
435:glycosyltransferase
429:, another term for
4492:. BBC. 11 May 2007
4172:10.1093/hmg/ddq248
4123:10.7150/ijbs.15001
3083:10.1007/BF02346189
2993:. Ask a Geneticist
2844:10.1007/BF00284432
1656:10.1111/voxs.12280
1332:Clinical relevance
1265:results from this
476:are dominant over
464:gives type B, and
441:that modifies the
407:classical genetics
391:
380:
286:Other developments
240:
215:
90:blood transfusions
74:
5278:
5277:
4855:Blood substitutes
4843:White blood cells
4774:Blood transfusion
4403:(11): 1290–1298.
4166:(17): 3468–3476.
3800:(11): 2672–2677.
3225:978-0-7131-6257-8
2964:on 26 August 2023
2711:(6272): 229–233.
2598:(22): 8006–8009.
2254:10.1159/000050239
1978:10.1159/000050239
1885:on 30 August 2018
1753:978-0-13-981176-0
1192:
1191:
1103:paternity testing
1099:
1098:
980:
979:
976:
969:
962:
955:
948:
941:
933:
917:
910:
903:
896:
889:
882:
874:
863:
856:
849:
842:
835:
828:
820:
804:
797:
790:
783:
776:
769:
761:
750:
743:
736:
729:
722:
715:
707:
691:
684:
677:
670:
663:
656:
648:
631:
621:
611:
601:
591:
581:
504:people have both
242:Czech serologist
141:Old World monkeys
16:(Redirected from
5328:
4968:Antibody elution
4915:plateletpheresis
4881:Blood management
4864:General concepts
4767:
4760:
4753:
4744:
4743:
4704:
4694:
4661:
4659:
4657:
4648:. Archived from
4626:
4625:
4623:
4621:
4606:
4600:
4599:
4567:
4561:
4560:
4554:
4546:
4539:
4533:
4532:
4530:
4528:
4508:
4502:
4501:
4499:
4497:
4486:
4480:
4479:
4469:
4459:
4435:
4429:
4428:
4391:
4385:
4384:
4348:
4342:
4341:
4331:
4299:
4293:
4292:
4258:
4249:
4243:
4242:
4232:
4200:
4194:
4193:
4183:
4151:
4145:
4144:
4134:
4102:
4096:
4095:
4067:
4061:
4060:
4024:
4015:
4014:
3983:
3977:
3976:
3966:
3934:
3928:
3927:
3917:
3885:
3879:
3875:
3869:
3868:
3858:
3826:
3820:
3819:
3809:
3785:
3779:
3778:
3760:
3736:
3730:
3729:
3693:
3687:
3686:
3676:
3667:(6): 1691–1695.
3652:
3646:
3645:
3627:
3603:
3597:
3596:
3578:
3554:
3548:
3547:
3511:
3505:
3504:
3468:
3462:
3461:
3433:
3427:
3426:
3416:
3384:
3378:
3377:
3375:
3373:
3367:
3362:. Archived from
3323:
3317:
3316:
3280:
3271:
3270:
3260:
3251:(7): 2250–2258.
3236:
3230:
3229:
3211:
3205:
3204:
3194:
3158:
3152:
3151:
3141:
3109:
3103:
3102:
3065:
3059:
3058:
3048:
3039:(8): 3035–3042.
3024:
3018:
3012:
3003:
3002:
3000:
2998:
2980:
2974:
2973:
2971:
2969:
2960:. Archived from
2953:
2947:
2946:
2944:
2942:
2931:
2925:
2924:
2922:
2920:
2905:
2899:
2898:
2870:
2864:
2863:
2827:
2821:
2820:
2802:
2796:
2795:
2785:
2775:
2751:
2745:
2744:
2725:10.1038/345229a0
2700:
2694:
2693:
2665:
2659:
2658:
2624:
2618:
2617:
2607:
2583:
2577:
2576:
2566:
2542:
2536:
2535:
2491:
2485:
2484:
2448:
2442:
2441:
2407:
2401:
2400:
2372:
2366:
2365:
2355:
2323:
2317:
2316:
2280:
2274:
2273:
2237:
2228:
2227:
2199:
2193:
2192:
2180:
2174:
2173:
2161:
2155:
2154:
2131:
2125:
2123:
2113:
2089:
2083:
2082:
2072:
2040:
2031:
2030:
2018:
2012:
2011:
2005:
1997:
1961:
1950:
1940:
1904:
1895:
1894:
1892:
1890:
1884:
1878:. Archived from
1861:
1852:
1846:
1845:
1833:
1827:
1826:
1816:
1806:
1788:
1764:
1758:
1757:
1745:
1735:
1729:
1728:
1718:
1708:
1684:
1678:
1677:
1667:
1635:
1629:
1628:
1626:
1624:
1605:
1599:
1598:
1596:
1594:
1578:
1493:artificial blood
1384:) maps to human
1346:epithelial cells
1144:
1143:
1107:Bombay phenotype
989:
988:
984:Bombay phenotype
974:
967:
960:
953:
946:
939:
931:
915:
908:
901:
894:
887:
880:
872:
861:
854:
847:
840:
833:
826:
818:
802:
795:
788:
781:
774:
767:
759:
748:
741:
734:
727:
720:
713:
705:
689:
682:
675:
668:
661:
654:
646:
629:
619:
609:
599:
589:
579:
533:
532:
451:ninth chromosome
374:, giving the AB
352:
340:
328:
292:Reuben Ottenberg
219:Ludwik Hirszfeld
158:Karl Landsteiner
125:Karl Landsteiner
106:adverse reaction
54:ABO blood group
21:
5336:
5335:
5331:
5330:
5329:
5327:
5326:
5325:
5306:Hematopathology
5281:
5280:
5279:
5274:
5069:Secretor status
5045:
4985:
4977:
4934:
4895:
4859:
4836:Cryosupernatant
4831:Cryoprecipitate
4811:Red blood cells
4780:
4771:
4712:
4707:
4671:Medical History
4655:
4653:
4640:Dean L (2005).
4635:
4633:Further reading
4630:
4629:
4619:
4617:
4607:
4603:
4568:
4564:
4548:
4547:
4541:
4540:
4536:
4526:
4524:
4509:
4505:
4495:
4493:
4488:
4487:
4483:
4436:
4432:
4392:
4388:
4365:10.1038/nbt1298
4349:
4345:
4300:
4296:
4261:Nature Genetics
4256:
4250:
4246:
4221:10.1038/ng.3760
4209:Nature Genetics
4201:
4197:
4152:
4148:
4103:
4099:
4068:
4064:
4025:
4018:
3984:
3980:
3935:
3931:
3886:
3882:
3876:
3872:
3841:(4): 995–1009.
3827:
3823:
3786:
3782:
3737:
3733:
3694:
3690:
3653:
3649:
3604:
3600:
3555:
3551:
3512:
3508:
3469:
3465:
3434:
3430:
3385:
3381:
3371:
3369:
3368:on 14 July 2011
3324:
3320:
3281:
3274:
3237:
3233:
3226:
3212:
3208:
3159:
3155:
3110:
3106:
3066:
3062:
3025:
3021:
3013:
3006:
2996:
2994:
2981:
2977:
2967:
2965:
2956:
2954:
2950:
2940:
2938:
2933:
2932:
2928:
2918:
2916:
2907:
2906:
2902:
2871:
2867:
2828:
2824:
2817:
2803:
2799:
2752:
2748:
2701:
2697:
2666:
2662:
2647:
2625:
2621:
2584:
2580:
2543:
2539:
2492:
2488:
2449:
2445:
2430:
2408:
2404:
2373:
2369:
2324:
2320:
2281:
2277:
2238:
2231:
2200:
2196:
2181:
2177:
2162:
2158:
2132:
2128:
2090:
2086:
2049:Medical History
2041:
2034:
2019:
2015:
1999:
1998:
1962:
1953:
1905:
1898:
1888:
1886:
1882:
1859:
1853:
1849:
1834:
1830:
1765:
1761:
1754:
1736:
1732:
1685:
1681:
1636:
1632:
1622:
1620:
1613:www.isbtweb.org
1607:
1606:
1602:
1592:
1590:
1579:
1575:
1570:
1561:Secretor status
1557:
1507:
1501:
1481:red blood cells
1467:
1458:
1456:Clinical marker
1436:
1412:
1406:
1394:ischemic stroke
1354:
1334:
1312:influenza virus
1303:
1301:Origin theories
1213:
1207:
1184:
1179:
1162:
1119:
973:
966:
959:
952:
945:
938:
914:
907:
900:
893:
886:
879:
860:
853:
846:
839:
832:
825:
801:
794:
787:
780:
773:
766:
747:
740:
733:
726:
719:
712:
688:
681:
674:
667:
660:
653:
529:
445:content of the
427:isoagglutinogen
364:
357:
353:
344:
341:
332:
329:
304:Felix Bernstein
288:
249:William L. Moss
232:
154:
149:
69:present in the
60:red blood cells
46:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5334:
5324:
5323:
5318:
5313:
5308:
5303:
5298:
5293:
5276:
5275:
5273:
5272:
5267:
5262:
5257:
5252:
5247:
5242:
5237:
5228:
5223:
5218:
5213:
5208:
5203:
5198:
5193:
5188:
5183:
5178:
5168:
5163:
5158:
5153:
5148:
5143:
5138:
5133:
5128:
5123:
5118:
5113:
5108:
5103:
5098:
5093:
5088:
5083:
5078:
5073:
5072:
5071:
5061:
5055:
5053:
5047:
5046:
5044:
5043:
5038:
5036:Serum sickness
5033:
5032:
5031:
5026:
5015:
5010:
5005:
5000:
4995:
4989:
4987:
4979:
4978:
4976:
4975:
4970:
4965:
4960:
4955:
4954:
4953:
4951:Cross-matching
4942:
4940:
4936:
4935:
4933:
4932:
4927:
4922:
4911:plasmapheresis
4903:
4901:
4897:
4896:
4894:
4893:
4888:
4883:
4878:
4876:Blood donation
4873:
4867:
4865:
4861:
4860:
4858:
4857:
4852:
4851:
4850:
4840:
4839:
4838:
4833:
4828:
4823:
4813:
4808:
4807:
4806:
4796:
4790:
4788:
4786:Blood products
4782:
4781:
4770:
4769:
4762:
4755:
4747:
4741:
4740:
4735:
4730:
4711:
4710:External links
4708:
4706:
4705:
4677:(2): 215–226.
4662:
4636:
4634:
4631:
4628:
4627:
4601:
4582:(4): 797–808.
4562:
4534:
4503:
4481:
4450:(2): 325–334.
4430:
4386:
4359:(4): 454–464.
4343:
4294:
4267:(2): 147–155.
4244:
4215:(2): 256–261.
4195:
4146:
4117:(3): 314–325.
4097:
4062:
4016:
3997:(1): 247–266.
3978:
3929:
3900:(2): 208–216.
3880:
3870:
3821:
3780:
3751:(6): 830–836.
3731:
3704:(4): 236–240.
3688:
3647:
3618:(2): 335–341.
3598:
3569:(4): 343–351.
3549:
3522:(4): 857–864.
3506:
3479:(2): 135–140.
3463:
3428:
3379:
3318:
3291:(2): 123–135.
3285:Human Genetics
3272:
3231:
3224:
3206:
3177:(2): 115–120.
3153:
3124:(4): 267–270.
3104:
3077:(6): 777–783.
3071:Human Genetics
3060:
3019:
3004:
2975:
2948:
2926:
2900:
2881:(3): 207–217.
2865:
2832:Human Genetics
2822:
2816:978-0135310625
2815:
2797:
2766:(1): 414–437.
2746:
2695:
2676:(1): 181–189.
2660:
2645:
2619:
2578:
2557:(1): 289–300.
2537:
2502:(1): 111–115.
2486:
2443:
2428:
2402:
2367:
2318:
2291:(4): 477–489.
2275:
2248:(4): 206–208.
2229:
2194:
2175:
2166:Sborn. Klinick
2156:
2126:
2084:
2055:(2): 215–226.
2032:
2013:
1972:(4): 206–208.
1951:
1896:
1870:(3): 123–125.
1847:
1828:
1759:
1752:
1730:
1679:
1650:(2): 118–122.
1630:
1600:
1572:
1571:
1569:
1566:
1565:
1564:
1556:
1553:
1503:Main article:
1500:
1497:
1485:Rh blood group
1466:
1463:
1457:
1454:
1435:
1432:
1408:Main article:
1405:
1402:
1380:(vWF-cleaving
1353:
1350:
1333:
1330:
1302:
1299:
1209:Main article:
1206:
1203:
1190:
1189:
1173:
1167:
1155:
1154:
1151:
1148:
1127:DNA sequencing
1118:
1115:
1097:
1096:
1093:
1090:
1087:
1084:
1078:
1077:
1074:
1071:
1070:O, A, B or AB
1068:
1065:
1059:
1058:
1055:
1054:O, A, B or AB
1052:
1049:
1046:
1040:
1039:
1036:
1033:
1030:
1027:
1021:
1020:
1015:
1010:
1005:
1000:
996:
995:
978:
977:
970:
963:
956:
949:
942:
935:
925:
919:
918:
911:
904:
897:
890:
883:
876:
865:
864:
857:
850:
843:
836:
829:
822:
812:
806:
805:
798:
791:
784:
777:
770:
763:
752:
751:
744:
737:
730:
723:
716:
709:
699:
693:
692:
685:
678:
671:
664:
657:
650:
640:
634:
633:
623:
613:
603:
593:
583:
573:
570:
567:
566:
561:
556:
551:
546:
544:
540:
539:
527:
447:red blood cell
405:inferred from
387:Punnett square
363:
360:
359:
358:
354:
347:
345:
342:
335:
333:
330:
323:
287:
284:
231:
228:
153:
150:
148:
145:
139:, monkeys and
26:
18:ABO phenotypes
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5333:
5322:
5319:
5317:
5314:
5312:
5311:Glycoproteins
5309:
5307:
5304:
5302:
5299:
5297:
5294:
5292:
5289:
5288:
5286:
5271:
5268:
5266:
5263:
5261:
5258:
5256:
5253:
5251:
5248:
5246:
5243:
5241:
5238:
5236:
5232:
5229:
5227:
5224:
5222:
5219:
5217:
5214:
5212:
5209:
5207:
5204:
5202:
5199:
5197:
5194:
5192:
5189:
5187:
5184:
5182:
5179:
5176:
5172:
5169:
5167:
5164:
5162:
5159:
5157:
5154:
5152:
5149:
5147:
5144:
5142:
5139:
5137:
5134:
5132:
5129:
5127:
5124:
5122:
5119:
5117:
5114:
5112:
5109:
5107:
5104:
5102:
5099:
5097:
5094:
5092:
5089:
5087:
5086:Chido-Rodgers
5084:
5082:
5079:
5077:
5074:
5070:
5067:
5066:
5065:
5062:
5060:
5057:
5056:
5054:
5052:
5048:
5042:
5039:
5037:
5034:
5030:
5027:
5025:
5022:
5021:
5019:
5016:
5014:
5011:
5009:
5006:
5004:
5001:
4999:
4996:
4994:
4991:
4990:
4988:
4984:
4980:
4974:
4971:
4969:
4966:
4964:
4961:
4959:
4956:
4952:
4949:
4948:
4947:
4944:
4943:
4941:
4937:
4931:
4928:
4926:
4923:
4920:
4919:leukapheresis
4916:
4912:
4908:
4905:
4904:
4902:
4898:
4892:
4889:
4887:
4884:
4882:
4879:
4877:
4874:
4872:
4869:
4868:
4866:
4862:
4856:
4853:
4849:
4846:
4845:
4844:
4841:
4837:
4834:
4832:
4829:
4827:
4824:
4822:
4819:
4818:
4817:
4814:
4812:
4809:
4805:
4802:
4801:
4800:
4797:
4795:
4792:
4791:
4789:
4787:
4783:
4779:
4775:
4768:
4763:
4761:
4756:
4754:
4749:
4748:
4745:
4739:
4736:
4734:
4731:
4729:
4725:
4721:
4717:
4714:
4713:
4702:
4698:
4693:
4688:
4684:
4680:
4676:
4672:
4668:
4663:
4651:
4647:
4643:
4638:
4637:
4616:
4612:
4605:
4597:
4593:
4589:
4585:
4581:
4577:
4573:
4566:
4558:
4552:
4544:
4538:
4522:
4518:
4514:
4507:
4491:
4485:
4477:
4473:
4468:
4463:
4458:
4453:
4449:
4445:
4441:
4434:
4426:
4422:
4418:
4414:
4410:
4406:
4402:
4398:
4390:
4382:
4378:
4374:
4370:
4366:
4362:
4358:
4354:
4347:
4339:
4335:
4330:
4325:
4321:
4317:
4313:
4309:
4305:
4298:
4290:
4286:
4282:
4278:
4274:
4270:
4266:
4262:
4255:
4248:
4240:
4236:
4231:
4226:
4222:
4218:
4214:
4210:
4206:
4199:
4191:
4187:
4182:
4177:
4173:
4169:
4165:
4161:
4157:
4150:
4142:
4138:
4133:
4128:
4124:
4120:
4116:
4112:
4108:
4101:
4093:
4089:
4085:
4081:
4077:
4073:
4066:
4058:
4054:
4050:
4046:
4042:
4038:
4034:
4030:
4023:
4021:
4012:
4008:
4004:
4000:
3996:
3992:
3988:
3982:
3974:
3970:
3965:
3960:
3956:
3952:
3948:
3944:
3940:
3933:
3925:
3921:
3916:
3911:
3907:
3903:
3899:
3895:
3891:
3884:
3874:
3866:
3862:
3857:
3852:
3848:
3844:
3840:
3836:
3832:
3825:
3817:
3813:
3808:
3803:
3799:
3795:
3791:
3784:
3776:
3772:
3768:
3764:
3759:
3754:
3750:
3746:
3742:
3735:
3727:
3723:
3719:
3715:
3711:
3707:
3703:
3699:
3698:Vox Sanguinis
3692:
3684:
3680:
3675:
3670:
3666:
3662:
3658:
3651:
3643:
3639:
3635:
3631:
3626:
3621:
3617:
3613:
3609:
3602:
3594:
3590:
3586:
3582:
3577:
3572:
3568:
3564:
3560:
3553:
3545:
3541:
3537:
3533:
3529:
3525:
3521:
3517:
3510:
3502:
3498:
3494:
3490:
3486:
3482:
3478:
3474:
3467:
3459:
3455:
3451:
3447:
3444:(2): 93–117.
3443:
3439:
3432:
3424:
3420:
3415:
3410:
3406:
3402:
3398:
3394:
3390:
3383:
3366:
3361:
3357:
3353:
3349:
3345:
3341:
3337:
3333:
3329:
3322:
3314:
3310:
3306:
3302:
3298:
3294:
3290:
3286:
3279:
3277:
3268:
3264:
3259:
3254:
3250:
3246:
3242:
3235:
3227:
3221:
3217:
3210:
3202:
3198:
3193:
3188:
3184:
3180:
3176:
3172:
3168:
3166:
3157:
3149:
3145:
3140:
3135:
3131:
3127:
3123:
3119:
3115:
3108:
3100:
3096:
3092:
3088:
3084:
3080:
3076:
3072:
3064:
3056:
3052:
3047:
3042:
3038:
3034:
3030:
3023:
3016:
3011:
3009:
2992:
2991:
2986:
2979:
2963:
2959:
2952:
2936:
2930:
2914:
2910:
2904:
2896:
2892:
2888:
2884:
2880:
2876:
2869:
2861:
2857:
2853:
2849:
2845:
2841:
2837:
2833:
2826:
2818:
2812:
2808:
2801:
2793:
2789:
2784:
2779:
2774:
2769:
2765:
2761:
2757:
2750:
2742:
2738:
2734:
2730:
2726:
2722:
2718:
2714:
2710:
2706:
2699:
2691:
2687:
2683:
2679:
2675:
2671:
2664:
2656:
2652:
2648:
2646:9781461316633
2642:
2638:
2634:
2630:
2623:
2615:
2611:
2606:
2601:
2597:
2593:
2589:
2582:
2574:
2570:
2565:
2560:
2556:
2552:
2548:
2541:
2533:
2529:
2525:
2521:
2517:
2513:
2509:
2505:
2501:
2497:
2490:
2482:
2478:
2474:
2470:
2466:
2462:
2459:(2): 97–119.
2458:
2454:
2453:Vox Sanguinis
2447:
2439:
2435:
2431:
2429:9781461582885
2425:
2421:
2417:
2413:
2406:
2398:
2394:
2390:
2386:
2382:
2378:
2371:
2363:
2359:
2354:
2349:
2345:
2341:
2337:
2333:
2329:
2322:
2314:
2310:
2306:
2302:
2298:
2294:
2290:
2286:
2279:
2271:
2267:
2263:
2259:
2255:
2251:
2247:
2243:
2236:
2234:
2225:
2221:
2217:
2213:
2209:
2205:
2198:
2190:
2186:
2179:
2171:
2167:
2160:
2153:
2148:
2144:
2140:
2136:
2135:Von Dungern E
2130:
2121:
2117:
2112:
2107:
2103:
2099:
2095:
2088:
2080:
2076:
2071:
2066:
2062:
2058:
2054:
2050:
2046:
2039:
2037:
2028:
2024:
2017:
2009:
2003:
1995:
1991:
1987:
1983:
1979:
1975:
1971:
1967:
1960:
1958:
1956:
1948:
1944:
1938:
1934:
1930:
1926:
1922:
1918:
1914:
1910:
1903:
1901:
1881:
1877:
1873:
1869:
1865:
1858:
1851:
1843:
1839:
1832:
1824:
1820:
1815:
1810:
1805:
1800:
1796:
1792:
1787:
1782:
1778:
1774:
1770:
1763:
1755:
1749:
1744:
1743:
1734:
1726:
1722:
1717:
1712:
1707:
1702:
1698:
1694:
1690:
1683:
1675:
1671:
1666:
1661:
1657:
1653:
1649:
1645:
1641:
1634:
1618:
1614:
1610:
1604:
1588:
1584:
1577:
1573:
1562:
1559:
1558:
1552:
1550:
1546:
1542:
1537:
1535:
1534:Masahiko Nomi
1531:
1526:
1524:
1520:
1519:pseudoscience
1516:
1512:
1506:
1499:Pseudoscience
1496:
1494:
1489:
1486:
1482:
1478:
1474:
1473:
1462:
1453:
1450:
1446:
1442:
1431:
1429:
1425:
1421:
1417:
1411:
1401:
1397:
1395:
1391:
1387:
1383:
1379:
1375:
1371:
1367:
1363:
1359:
1349:
1347:
1343:
1342:cell adhesion
1339:
1338:cell membrane
1329:
1325:
1323:
1322:
1317:
1313:
1308:
1298:
1296:
1292:
1288:
1284:
1280:
1279:A101/A201/O09
1274:
1272:
1268:
1264:
1260:
1256:
1251:
1249:
1245:
1241:
1237:
1233:
1229:
1225:
1221:
1216:
1212:
1202:
1200:
1196:
1187:
1182:
1177:
1171:
1165:
1160:
1156:
1152:
1149:
1146:
1145:
1142:
1140:
1136:
1132:
1128:
1123:
1114:
1112:
1108:
1104:
1094:
1091:
1088:
1085:
1083:
1080:
1079:
1075:
1072:
1069:
1066:
1064:
1061:
1060:
1056:
1053:
1050:
1047:
1045:
1042:
1041:
1037:
1034:
1031:
1028:
1026:
1023:
1022:
1019:
1014:
1009:
1004:
997:
994:
990:
987:
985:
971:
964:
957:
950:
943:
936:
934:
930:
926:
924:
921:
920:
912:
905:
898:
891:
884:
877:
875:
871:
867:
866:
858:
851:
844:
837:
831:O, A, B or AB
830:
823:
821:
817:
813:
811:
807:
799:
792:
785:
778:
771:
764:
762:
758:
754:
753:
745:
738:
732:O, A, B or AB
731:
724:
717:
710:
708:
704:
700:
698:
694:
686:
679:
672:
665:
658:
651:
649:
645:
641:
639:
636:
635:
632:
628:
622:
618:
612:
608:
602:
598:
592:
588:
582:
578:
569:
568:
565:
560:
555:
550:
541:
538:
534:
531:
525:
524:
519:
515:
511:
507:
503:
500:have type B.
499:
495:
491:
487:
483:
479:
475:
471:
467:
463:
459:
454:
452:
448:
444:
440:
437:—that is, an
436:
432:
428:
424:
420:
416:
412:
408:
404:
400:
396:
388:
384:
377:
373:
368:
351:
346:
339:
334:
327:
322:
321:
320:
318:
313:
309:
305:
301:
297:
293:
283:
281:
277:
273:
269:
264:
262:
258:
252:
250:
245:
236:
227:
224:
220:
212:
208:
204:
201:
200:agglutinogens
195:
190:
188:
184:
179:
174:
169:
167:
163:
159:
144:
142:
138:
134:
130:
126:
121:
119:
115:
111:
107:
103:
99:
95:
91:
87:
83:
79:
72:
68:
65:
61:
57:
52:
48:
44:
40:
33:
19:
5063:
4674:
4670:
4654:. Retrieved
4650:the original
4645:
4618:. Retrieved
4614:
4604:
4579:
4575:
4565:
4537:
4525:. Retrieved
4521:the original
4516:
4506:
4494:. Retrieved
4484:
4447:
4443:
4433:
4400:
4396:
4389:
4356:
4352:
4346:
4311:
4307:
4297:
4264:
4260:
4247:
4212:
4208:
4198:
4163:
4159:
4149:
4114:
4110:
4100:
4078:(2): 65–70.
4075:
4071:
4065:
4035:(1): 21–28.
4032:
4028:
3994:
3990:
3981:
3946:
3942:
3932:
3897:
3893:
3883:
3878:PMC11075387.
3873:
3838:
3834:
3824:
3797:
3793:
3783:
3748:
3744:
3734:
3701:
3697:
3691:
3664:
3660:
3650:
3615:
3611:
3601:
3566:
3562:
3552:
3519:
3515:
3509:
3476:
3472:
3466:
3441:
3437:
3431:
3396:
3392:
3382:
3370:. Retrieved
3365:the original
3335:
3331:
3321:
3288:
3284:
3248:
3244:
3234:
3215:
3209:
3174:
3170:
3164:
3156:
3121:
3117:
3107:
3074:
3070:
3063:
3036:
3032:
3022:
2995:. Retrieved
2988:
2978:
2966:. Retrieved
2962:the original
2951:
2939:. Retrieved
2929:
2917:. Retrieved
2912:
2903:
2878:
2874:
2868:
2838:(1): 35–43.
2835:
2831:
2825:
2806:
2800:
2763:
2759:
2749:
2708:
2704:
2698:
2673:
2669:
2663:
2628:
2622:
2595:
2591:
2581:
2554:
2550:
2540:
2499:
2496:FEBS Letters
2495:
2489:
2456:
2452:
2446:
2411:
2405:
2383:(1): 30–34.
2380:
2376:
2370:
2335:
2331:
2321:
2288:
2284:
2278:
2245:
2241:
2207:
2203:
2197:
2188:
2184:
2178:
2169:
2168:(in Czech).
2165:
2159:
2150:
2146:
2139:Hirschfeld L
2129:
2101:
2097:
2087:
2052:
2048:
2029:: 1090–1095.
2026:
2022:
2016:
2002:cite journal
1969:
1965:
1946:
1942:
1912:
1908:
1887:. Retrieved
1880:the original
1867:
1863:
1850:
1841:
1837:
1831:
1776:
1772:
1762:
1741:
1733:
1699:(1): 18–29.
1696:
1692:
1682:
1647:
1643:
1633:
1621:. Retrieved
1612:
1603:
1591:. Retrieved
1586:
1576:
1538:
1527:
1523:superstition
1508:
1490:
1470:
1468:
1459:
1448:
1444:
1440:
1437:
1423:
1413:
1398:
1386:chromosome 9
1374:polymorphism
1362:glycoprotein
1355:
1335:
1326:
1319:
1304:
1290:
1286:
1282:
1278:
1275:
1252:
1236:Anglo-Saxons
1217:
1214:
1197:
1193:
1185:
1180:
1175:
1169:
1163:
1158:
1124:
1120:
1100:
1081:
1062:
1043:
1024:
1017:
1012:
1007:
1002:
992:
981:
928:
927:
922:
869:
868:
815:
814:
809:
756:
755:
749:AA AB AO BO
702:
701:
696:
643:
642:
637:
626:
625:
616:
615:
606:
605:
596:
595:
586:
585:
576:
575:
563:
558:
553:
548:
536:
521:
517:
513:
501:
497:
493:
489:
485:
481:
477:
473:
469:
465:
461:
457:
455:
443:carbohydrate
426:
422:
418:
414:
410:
392:
370:A and B are
316:
289:
279:
275:
265:
253:
241:
216:
197:
192:
180:
176:
171:
155:
122:
116:are usually
86:erythrocytes
77:
75:
47:
5059:Blood types
4958:Coombs test
4794:Whole blood
4620:16 November
4444:J Biol Chem
4397:Transfusion
3372:28 November
2968:10 February
2285:Transfusion
2210:(1): 1–84.
1949:, 1132–1134
1909:Transfusion
1477:glycosidase
1449:Bacteroides
1441:Bacteroides
1370:Factor VIII
1340:integrity,
1255:nucleotides
1095:A, B or AB
1092:A, B or AB
1089:A, B or AB
1076:A, B or AB
1057:A, B or AB
999:Blood type
975:AA AB AB BB
972:A, B, or AB
968:AB AB BB BB
961:AB AO BB BO
954:AA AA AB AB
947:AA AO AB BO
940:AO AO BO BO
916:AB BB AB BB
909:BB BB BB BB
902:BB BO BB BO
895:AB AB AB AB
888:AB BO AB BO
881:BO BO BO BO
862:AB BB AO BO
855:BB BB BO BO
848:BB BO BO OO
841:AB AB AO AO
834:AB BO AO OO
827:BO BO OO OO
803:AA AB AA AB
796:AB AB AB AB
789:AB AO AB AO
782:AA AA AA AA
775:AA AO AA AO
768:AO AO AO AO
742:AB AB BO BO
735:AB AO BO OO
728:AA AA AO AO
721:AA AO AO OO
714:AO AO OO OO
690:AO BO AO BO
683:BO BO BO BO
676:BO OO BO OO
669:AO AO AO AO
662:AO OO AO OO
655:OO OO OO OO
543:Blood type
510:codominance
296:citric acid
166:agglutinate
58:present on
5285:Categories
4871:Blood bank
4517:AOL Health
3987:Hakomori S
2941:2 February
2919:30 October
2338:(1): 4–7.
2104:(1): 1–6.
1915:(1): 5–8.
1844:: 357–362.
1593:26 October
1568:References
1366:hemostasis
1318:, such as
1263:stop codon
1220:placenames
958:A, B or AB
944:A, B or AB
859:A, B or AB
746:A, B or AB
506:phenotypes
372:codominant
244:Jan Janský
114:antibodies
94:blood type
67:antibodies
5076:Augustine
5020:reaction
5018:Hemolytic
4907:Apheresis
4799:Platelets
4596:0191-8869
4551:cite news
4289:231641761
3360:189929325
2955:Cited in
2760:Molecules
2262:1660-3796
2224:0031-9333
2172:: 85–139.
1986:1660-3796
1786:1208.4613
1549:IQ scores
1545:hangovers
1259:guanosine
1244:morphemes
1117:Subgroups
572:Genotype
376:phenotype
217:In 1910,
152:Discovery
5316:Serology
5201:Lutheran
5106:Dombrock
4891:ISBT 128
4656:24 March
4476:31792054
4425:22740438
4417:11099655
4381:29804004
4373:17401360
4338:25748612
4281:33462482
4239:28067908
4190:20570966
4141:26929738
4092:11896825
4057:16975373
4049:15615870
4011:10580143
3924:17223960
3865:36740532
3856:10065957
3816:16990571
3775:45434815
3767:15755288
3726:11582510
3634:11834538
3593:23603864
3585:11532189
3544:25343413
3536:10929042
3501:19866834
3493:15725904
3458:15071789
3423:15293861
3352:15517982
3313:12450238
3305:18629539
3267:17502454
3201:30430772
3148:20967168
3099:12076999
3055:12829588
2997:5 August
2895:16787828
2860:12384399
2792:24384923
2481:45265348
2473:13669421
2332:Genetics
2313:23291031
2305:10773062
2270:57677644
2191:: 63–70.
2141:(1910).
2120:23514954
1994:57677644
1937:40158397
1929:13758692
1823:23091028
1725:24669364
1674:29093749
1623:25 April
1617:Archived
1555:See also
1530:eugenics
1382:protease
1378:ADAMTS13
1307:epitopes
1228:Norsemen
1139:ABO gene
453:(9q34).
399:ABO gene
362:Genetics
312:epitopes
135:such as
133:primates
102:serotype
82:antigens
56:antigens
5240:Scianna
5126:Gerbich
5029:delayed
4900:Methods
4692:1082436
4527:24 June
4496:7 April
4467:6956546
4329:4608367
4230:5289481
4181:2916706
4132:4753160
3973:6812684
3964:1500229
3915:1810467
3718:7660643
3683:3495304
3414:1691687
3192:6240514
3139:2957492
3091:8641696
2783:6270767
2741:4237562
2733:2333095
2713:Bibcode
2690:6768549
2655:2459929
2504:Bibcode
2438:6156588
2397:5782756
2362:8417988
2353:1205297
2111:3595629
2070:1082436
1876:8536328
1814:3494955
1791:Bibcode
1716:3964193
1665:5662010
1321:E. coli
1240:Normans
1135:alleles
1086:A or B
1073:O or B
1067:O or B
1051:O or A
1048:O or A
1038:A or B
1035:O or B
1032:O or A
965:B or AB
951:A or AB
913:B or AB
885:B or AB
838:A or AB
800:A or AB
786:A or AB
739:B or AB
520:). The
480:, only
431:antigen
403:alleles
308:alleles
211:Ukraine
147:History
5151:Indian
5096:Cromer
5091:Colton
4816:Plasma
4701:381816
4699:
4689:
4594:
4474:
4464:
4423:
4415:
4379:
4371:
4336:
4326:
4308:Lancet
4287:
4279:
4237:
4227:
4188:
4178:
4139:
4129:
4090:
4055:
4047:
4009:
3971:
3961:
3922:
3912:
3863:
3853:
3814:
3794:Stroke
3773:
3765:
3724:
3716:
3681:
3642:325644
3640:
3632:
3591:
3583:
3542:
3534:
3499:
3491:
3456:
3421:
3411:
3358:
3350:
3311:
3303:
3265:
3222:
3199:
3189:
3146:
3136:
3097:
3089:
3053:
2893:
2858:
2852:184030
2850:
2813:
2790:
2780:
2739:
2731:
2705:Nature
2688:
2653:
2643:
2614:711733
2612:
2573:729592
2571:
2532:825499
2530:
2522:
2479:
2471:
2436:
2426:
2395:
2360:
2350:
2311:
2303:
2268:
2260:
2222:
2118:
2108:
2079:381816
2077:
2067:
1992:
1984:
1935:
1927:
1889:1 June
1874:
1821:
1811:
1750:
1723:
1713:
1672:
1662:
1521:and a
1360:(vWF)
1271:Africa
1238:, and
1199:Cis AB
1111:cis AB
937:A or B
845:O or B
824:O or B
718:O or A
711:O or A
687:A or B
673:O or B
659:O or A
523:cis-AB
439:enzyme
421:. The
417:, and
259:, the
194:serum.
39:Type 0
5270:Other
5196:Lewis
5186:Knops
5166:KANNO
5111:Duffy
5101:Diego
5024:acute
4939:Tests
4720:BGMUT
4421:S2CID
4377:S2CID
4285:S2CID
4257:(PDF)
4053:S2CID
3771:S2CID
3722:S2CID
3661:Blood
3638:S2CID
3589:S2CID
3540:S2CID
3497:S2CID
3356:S2CID
3309:S2CID
3245:Blood
3095:S2CID
3033:Blood
2856:S2CID
2737:S2CID
2528:S2CID
2524:26599
2477:S2CID
2309:S2CID
2266:S2CID
1990:S2CID
1933:S2CID
1883:(PDF)
1860:(PDF)
1781:arXiv
1390:locus
1248:genes
1232:Danes
1224:Celts
1188:(O2)
1183:(O1v)
1172:(B1)
1166:(A2)
397:(the
317:et al
173:kind.
71:serum
5250:T-Tn
5235:RHAG
5233:and
5226:Raph
5221:P1PK
5181:Kidd
5171:Kell
5136:GLOB
5121:FORS
5081:CD59
4826:PF24
4776:and
4724:NCBI
4697:PMID
4658:2007
4622:2007
4592:ISSN
4557:link
4529:2024
4498:2019
4472:PMID
4413:PMID
4369:PMID
4334:PMID
4277:PMID
4235:PMID
4186:PMID
4137:PMID
4088:PMID
4045:PMID
4007:PMID
3995:1473
3969:PMID
3920:PMID
3861:PMID
3812:PMID
3763:PMID
3714:PMID
3679:PMID
3630:PMID
3581:PMID
3532:PMID
3489:PMID
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