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In modern clothing, the region referred to as the waist is considerably below the waist as defined anatomically. With the advent of pants and skirts that do not require support from above, the clothing waist moved down to a position where the body starts to expand to form the buttocks and a support
140:
Because of this and because the waist is often synonymous with the stomach, one can become confused as to the exact location of the waist. Another confusing factor is that the waistline differs on different people. A study showed that self-reported measurements, as opposed to measurement done by a
209:
is a better predictor of adverse health outcomes is debatable. For example, those who lift weights may have high BMI but are at relatively low risk for cardiovascular consequences. For these people, waist circumference may be a better indicator of overall health. Some research suggests waist
156:
The waist is usually measured at the smallest circumference of the natural waist, usually just above the belly button. Where the waist is convex rather than concave, as in pregnancy and obesity, the waist may be measured at a vertical level 1 inch above the navel.
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classifies the risk of obesity-related diseases as high if men have a waist circumference greater than 102 cm (40 in) and women have a waist circumference greater than 88 cm (35 in). Further, whether waist circumference or
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Definition: "middle part of the body," also "part of a garment fitted for the waist, portion of a garment that covers the waist" (but, due to fashion styles, often above or below it), probably from Old
English
175:
Variables such as posture significantly influence the measurement of the waist, and therefore any measurements for a group need to maintain a constant posture between the subjects.
148:
To locate the natural waistline, one need simply stand upright and then tilt over to the side, keeping the legs and hips straight. Where the torso creases is the natural waistline.
141:
technician, underestimated waist circumference and this underestimation increased with increased body size. In the study, waist circumference measured at the level of the
74:
168:, respectively typically 60% and 64% of total height. It can be predicted as 72% of the neck height; an alternative approximation, very relevant in
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is therefore available. However, the waist region remains a highly important measurement and anthropometric landmark in garment construction.
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749:"Waist circumference and waist-to-hip ratio as predictors of cardiovascular events: meta-regression analysis of prospective studies"
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Stokar, Joshua; Ben-Porat, Tair; Kaluti, Donia; Abu-Gazala, Mahmud; Weiss, Ram; Mintz, Yoav; Elazari, Ram; Szalat, Auryan (2023).
190:. Excess abdominal fat is a risk factor for developing heart disease and other obesity related diseases. A study published in the
597:"Waist circumference action levels in the identification of cardiovascular risk factors: prevalence study in a random sample"
971:
674:
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Gill, Simeon; Parker, Christopher J.; Hayes, Steve; Brownbridge, Kathryn; Wren, Paula; Panchenko, Anastasiia (2014).
857:"Trabecular Bone Score Preceding and during a 2-Year Follow-Up after Sleeve Gastrectomy: Pitfalls and New Insights"
964:
302:
Waist reduction may be used simply to reduce the width of the waist. This change can be permanent or temporary.
17:
69:
200:(defined as waist circumference divided by hip circumference) were predictors of cardiovascular events. The
653:"The True Height of the Waist: Explorations of Automated Body Scanner Waist Definitions of the TC2 scanner"
806:
Farruggia MC, Van Kooten MJ, Perszyk E, Burke, MV, Scheinost, D, Constable, TC, Small, DM (August 2020).
217:
An extremally high waist circumference can lead to falsely low estimates of bone health when using the
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refers to the horizontal line where the waist is narrowest, or to the general appearance of the waist.
702:"Scan posture definition and hip girth measurement: the impact on clothing design and body scanning"
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Measured average height, weight, and waist circumference for adults ages 20 years and over (U.S.)
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487:"Self-Reported and Technician-Measured Waist Circumferences Differ in Middle-Aged Men and Women"
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Strictly, the waist circumference is measured at a level midway between the lowest palpable
540:"Maternal waist-to-hip ratio as a predictor of newborn size: Results of the Diana Project"
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Bigaard, Janne; Spanggaard, Iben; Thomsen, Birthe Lykke; Overvad, Kim (1 September 2005).
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Waist training may be used to achieve a certain permanent waist shape, such as a
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Waist–hip ratio is the ratio of the circumference of the waist to that of the
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function, therefore capturing the neurobehavioral pathophysiology of obesity.
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or other constricting garment to reduce or alter the waistline. The four
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122:. On people with slim bodies, the waist is the narrowest part of the
916:"waist - Origin and meaning of waist by Online Etymology Dictionary"
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808:"Identification of a brain fingerprint for overweight and obesity"
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at
University of Maryland Medical System. Retrieved December 2010.
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Lawrence de Koning; Merchant, AT; Pogue, J; Anand, SS (2007).
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Brown JE, Potter JD, Jacobs DR, et al. (January 1996).
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may be permanently compressed or moved by such garments. A
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Proc. Of 5th Int. Conf. On 3D Body
Scanning Technologies
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may also be used to alter the appearance of the waist.
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Han, T.; Van Leer, E.; Seidell, J.; Lean, M. (1995).
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was larger than that measured at the natural waist.
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196:in April 2007 showed that waist circumference and
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27:Part of the abdomen between the rib cage and hips
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186:and is one of the criteria for diagnosing the
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789:"Assessing Your Weight and Health Risk"
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239:. It measures the proportion by which
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210:circumference can be predicted from
172:, is Small of the Back (SOB) + 2cm.
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1422:Secondary sexual characteristics
557:10.1097/00001648-199601000-00011
247:. This shape is compared to the
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287:refer to the act of wearing a
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718:10.1080/00140139.2016.1251621
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279:Waist reduction and training
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601:BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.)
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361:'growth, increase', Gothic
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243:is distributed around the
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766:10.1093/eurheartj/ehm026
491:The Journal of Nutrition
37:Not to be confused with
944:Encyclopædia Britannica
526:Waist To Hip Calculator
369:
367:'stature', Old English
363:
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337:(cognates: Old English
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988:Human regional anatomy
947:(11th ed.). 1911.
753:European Heart Journal
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193:European Heart Journal
103:
82:Anatomical terminology
32:Waist (disambiguation)
504:10.1093/jn/135.9.2263
429:Waist-to-height ratio
219:trabecular bone score
207:body mass index (BMI)
182:) is an indicator of
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30:For other uses, see
607:(7017): 1401–1405.
283:Waist reduction or
255:Society and culture
110:is the part of the
102:Waist-to-hip ratios
920:www.etymonline.com
874:10.3390/nu15153481
355:, Old High German
188:metabolic syndrome
178:Waist size (waist
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793:www.nhlbi.nih.gov
434:Category:Corsetry
399:Body modification
384:Abdominal obesity
184:abdominal obesity
152:Waist measurement
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544:Epidemiology
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389:Alvinolagnia
343:, Old Norse
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129:
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114:between the
107:
105:
550:(1): 62–6.
444:Tightlacing
419:Rib removal
394:Belly dance
373:'to grow'.
273:belly chain
166:iliac crest
64:Identifiers
1411:Categories
1295:Fingernail
818:: 112940.
706:Ergonomics
473:References
404:Human body
349:, Swedish
251:of women.
1211:Genitalia
883:2072-6643
861:Nutrients
659:: 55–65.
461:Waistcoat
318:Etymology
269:Jewellery
143:umbilicus
136:Structure
130:Waistline
1340:Buttocks
1260:Shoulder
1095:Mandible
1028:Forehead
892:10421136
842:32417645
775:17403720
734:23758581
726:27764997
582:24471765
513:16140909
377:See also
334:wahs-tu-
164:and the
116:rib cage
1417:Abdomen
1385:Toenail
1275:Forearm
1221:Scrotum
1167:Midriff
1157:Abdomen
1150:(Trunk)
1100:Occiput
1043:Eyebrow
833:7321926
631:8520275
622:2544423
574:8664403
566:3702758
409:Midriff
364:wahstus
313:History
260:Fashion
112:abdomen
1320:Little
1310:Middle
1290:Finger
1265:Axilla
1206:Pelvis
1199:Nipple
1194:Breast
1189:Thorax
1133:Throat
1110:Temple
1073:Tongue
1053:Eyelid
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466:Lumbar
370:weaxan
297:girdle
289:corset
75:228775
1427:Waist
1370:Ankle
1350:Thigh
1305:Index
1300:Thumb
1280:Wrist
1270:Elbow
1243:Limbs
1226:Vulva
1216:Penis
1172:Navel
1162:Waist
1148:Torso
1105:Scalp
1078:Tooth
1063:Mouth
1033:Cheek
730:S2CID
682:1 May
578:S2CID
562:JSTOR
414:Navel
358:wahst
346:vöxtr
340:wæstm
332:*
325:*
245:torso
212:brain
124:torso
108:waist
86:[
47:Waist
39:waste
1390:Sole
1375:Heel
1365:Foot
1360:Calf
1355:Knee
1315:Ring
1285:Hand
1233:Anus
1184:Back
1138:Nape
1120:Neck
1058:Nose
1038:Chin
1023:Face
1018:Hair
1010:Head
1002:Skin
996:Body
879:ISSN
838:PMID
771:PMID
722:PMID
684:2018
671:ISBN
627:PMID
570:PMID
509:PMID
352:växt
327:wæst
237:hips
120:hips
118:and
106:The
1380:Toe
1345:Hip
1332:Leg
1252:Arm
1090:Jaw
1085:Ear
1068:Lip
1048:Eye
887:PMC
869:doi
828:PMC
820:doi
816:222
761:doi
714:doi
661:doi
617:PMC
609:doi
605:311
552:doi
499:doi
495:135
241:fat
221:.
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