1519:, the creator of the RepRap project, argue that once a self-replicating machine is designed, then since anyone who owns one can make more copies to sell (and would also be free to ask for a lower price than other sellers), market competition will naturally drive the cost of such machines down to the bare minimum needed to make a profit, in this case just above the cost of the physical materials and energy that must be fed into the machine as input, and the same should go for any other goods that the machine can build.
53:
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2700:), pp. 248. "In particular, this economy would possess (1) social ownership and control of industry by the 'associated producers' and (2) a sufficiently high level of economic development to enable substantial progress toward 'full communism' and thereby some combination of the following: super affluence; distribution of an increasing proportion of commodities as if they were free goods; an increase in the proportion of collective goods..."
880:
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Marx in the
Grundrisse speaks of a time when systematic automation will be developed to the point where direct human labor power will be a source of wealth. The preconditions will be created by capitalism itself. It will be an age of true mastery of nature, a post-scarcity age, when men can turn from
1665:
Marx did not believe in the elimination of most physical labor through technological advancements alone in a capitalist society, because he believed capitalism contained within it certain tendencies which countered increasing automation and prevented it from developing beyond a limited point, so that
1647:
The free development of individualities, and hence not the reduction of necessary labour time so as to posit surplus labour, but rather the general reduction of the necessary labour of society to a minimum, which then corresponds to the artistic, scientific etc. development of the individuals in the
1564:
takes advantage of scarcity. Increased resource scarcity leads to increase and fluctuation of prices, which drives advances in technology for more efficient use of resources such that costs will be considerably reduced, almost to zero. They thus claim that following an increase in scarcity from now,
2963:
This is not say that
Libertarianism can't represent a progressive force, in the right circumstances, and I don't doubt there will be significant areas where I would agree with Libertarianism. But, really; which bit of not having private property, and the absence of money in the Culture novels, have
2858:
He could not believe the ordinary people in the
Culture really wanted the war, no matter how they had voted. They had their communist Utopia. They were soft and pampered and indulged, and the Contact section's evangelical materialism provided their consciencesalving good works. What more could they
1457:
has been eliminated for all goods and services but that all people can easily have their basic survival needs met along with some significant proportion of their desires for goods and services. Writers on the topic often emphasize that some commodities will remain scarce in a post-scarcity society.
1634:
that came to be known as the "Fragment on
Machines", argued that the transition to a post-capitalist society combined with advances in automation would allow for significant reductions in labor needed to produce necessary goods, eventually reaching a point where all people would have significant
1736:
are centered on a post-scarcity economy where technology is advanced to such a degree that all production is automated, and there is no use for money or property (aside from personal possessions with sentimental value). People in the
Culture are free to pursue their own interests in an open and
1752:
has said that The
Culture can be seen as a realization of Marx's communism, but adds that "however friendly he was to the radical left, Iain had little interest in relating the long-range possibility of utopia to radical politics in the here and now. As he saw it, what mattered was to keep the
1522:
Even with fully automated production, limitations on the number of goods produced would arise from the availability of raw materials and energy, as well as ecological damage associated with manufacturing technologies. Advocates of technological abundance often argue for more extensive use of
1547:
done by self-replicating machines. If this were done, then the only capital expenditure would be a single self-replicating unit (whether robotic or nanotechnological), after which the unit could replicate at no further cost, limited only by the available raw materials needed to build more.
1817:– and especially the ability to use these to fabricate even better fabricators – and with machines that can search for and reprocess waste or discarded materials, the protagonists no longer have need of regular society for the basic essentials of life, such as food, clothing and shelter.
1497:, which do not currently exist, raise the possibility of devices that can automatically manufacture any specified goods given the correct instructions and the necessary raw materials and energy, and many nanotechnology enthusiasts have suggested it will usher in a post-scarcity world.
1700:
describes a world of cheap energy, in which robots are overproducing the commodities enjoyed by humankind. The lower-class "poor" must spend their lives in frantic consumption, trying to keep up with the robots' extravagant production, while the upper-class "rich" can live lives of
2687:), pp. 248–249. "Affluence and increased provision of free goods would reduce alienation in the work process and, in combination with (1), the alienation of man's 'species-life'. Greater leisure would create opportunities for creative and artistic activity outside of work."
1661:
of the means of production—would enable progress toward the development of fully developed communism by further advancing productive technology. Under socialism, with its increasing levels of automation, an increasing proportion of goods would be distributed freely.
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continues to drop (and could drop far more with automated production by self-replicating machines), and advocates point out the total solar power striking the Earth's surface annually exceeds our civilization's current annual power usage by a factor of thousands.
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1656:
involves the free distribution of goods made possible by the abundance provided by automation. The fully developed communist economic system is postulated to develop from a preceding socialist system. Marx held the view that socialism—a system based on
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1635:
amounts of leisure time to pursue science, the arts, and creative activities; a state some commentators later labeled as "post-scarcity". Marx argued that capitalism—the dynamic of economic growth based on
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3342:
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By post-scarcity economics, we're generally talking about a system where all the resources necessary to fulfill the basic needs (and a good chunk of the desires) of the population are available.
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have the potential to be developed into post-scarcity societies. Such development would enable "the fulfillment of the social and cultural potentialities latent in a technology of abundance".
2313:
3343:
2994:
Iain M. Banks and his brother-in-arms, Ken MacLeod, both take a
Marxist line: Banks with his communist-bloc 'Culture' novels, and MacLeod with his 'hard-left libertarian' factions.
1753:
utopian possibility open by continuing technological progress, especially space development, and in the meantime to support whatever policies and politics in the real world were
2251:
1863:), money had been rendered obsolete on Earth by the 22nd century (although it still existed with reference to other species in the Star Trek universe, most notably the
1859:
asserts: "The acquisition of wealth is no longer the driving force of our lives. We work to better ourselves and the rest of humanity." In this galaxy (at least the
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3134:
1670:, he thought that the collapse of capitalism due to advancing automation was inevitable despite these counter-tendencies, but that by the time of his major work
2281:
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Advocates also sometimes argue that the energy and raw materials available could be greatly expanded by looking to resources beyond the Earth. For example,
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situation in which most goods can be produced in great abundance with minimal human labor needed, so that they become available to all very cheaply or even
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manual industrial labor could not be eliminated until the overthrow of capitalism. Some commentators on Marx have argued that at the time he wrote the
1515:, have also been predicted to help create the abundance of goods needed for a post-scarcity economy. Advocates of self-replicating machines such as
1523:
renewable energy and greater recycling in order to prevent future drops in availability of energy and raw materials, and reduce ecological damage.
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3042:
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Bookchin claims that the expanded production made possible by the technological advances of the twentieth century were in the pursuit of market
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1790:
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2033:
1482:, the adoption of division of labour which in theory could produce nearly all goods in abundance, given adequate raw materials and energy.
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910:
842:
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It is my vision of what you do when you are in that post-scarcity society, you can completely indulge myself. The
Culture has no
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takes place in a post-scarcity society and involves "disruptive" technology. The title is a derogatory term for the
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he had abandoned this view, and came to believe that capitalism could continually renew itself unless overthrown.
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1614:
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903:
1543:. While early asteroid mining might involve crewed missions, advocates hope that eventually humanity could have
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can no longer be considered a prerequisite for liberation, and the notion that obstructions such as the
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alienating and dehumanizing labor to the free use of leisure in the pursuit of the sciences and arts.
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1963:
1851:
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depicts a post-scarcity society in which society incentivizes consumption to reduce the burden of
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Fung, Brian; Peterson, Andrea; Tsukayama, Hayley; Saadia, Manu; Salmon, Felix (7 July 2015),
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2410:
1994:
1801:. To further reduce production, virtual reality is used to fulfill peoples' needs to create.
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is sometimes discussed as a way of greatly reducing scarcity for many useful metals such as
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1968:
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8:
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Sustainable Growth in a Post-Scarcity World: Consumption, Demand, and the
Poverty Penalty
1996:
Sustainable Growth in a Post-Scarcity World: Consumption, Demand, and the
Poverty Penalty
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36:
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91:
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653:
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machines, and a hypothetical self-replicating version of such a machine known as a
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723:
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In the more near-term future, the increasing automation of physical labor using
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1958:
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3261:. Translated by Nicolaus, Martin. Foreword by Martin Nicolaus. Penguin Books.
538:
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was created from a revision of this article dated 3 November 2018
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1716:
1705:
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1524:
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884:
798:
743:
638:
628:
623:
548:
96:
3259:
Grundrisse: Foundations of the Critique of Political Economy (Rough Draft)
2518:
Aguilar-Millan, Stephen; Feeney, Ann; Oberg, Amy; Rudd, Elizabeth (2009).
3430:
2824:
2309:
2247:
1849:", a machine that converts energy to matter instantaneously. In the film
1814:
1784:
1754:
1749:
1528:
1016:
773:
763:
553:
188:
27:
Situation in which most goods are available to all very cheaply or freely
3408:
The New Human Rights Movement: Reinventing the Economy to End Oppression
3070:"Cory Doctorow's Walkaway: Hardware hackers face the climate apocalypse"
1813:
presents a modern take on the idea of post-scarcity. With the advent of
2544:
2019:
1903:
1744:
novels has been described by some commentators as "communist-bloc" or "
1630:
1561:
1475:
1164:
1056:
1036:
1011:
1006:
1001:
943:
683:
483:
3254:
1953:
1625:
1169:
974:
533:
464:
44:
2925:
Link is to an archived copy of the site that Banks linked to on his
2874:
Interview: Iain M Banks talks 'The Hydrogen Sonata' with Wired.co.uk
2220:, Cheltenham, England: Edward Elgar Publishing Limited, p. 98,
1474:
who speak of "post-scarcity" suggest economies based on advances in
3135:"What the economics of Star Trek can teach us about the real world"
2878:
2623:
The section known as the "Fragment on Machines" can be read online
2576:
1948:
1943:
1758:
1723:
as a human colony and the establishment of a post-scarcity society.
1471:
1454:
1443:
1226:
1216:
1046:
1041:
1021:
1845:
is a post-scarcity society brought about by the invention of the "
3167:"The Cold Equations: Extraterrestrial Liberty in Science Fiction"
1864:
1827:
The 24th-century human society depicted in the television series
1504:
is often discussed as means of creating a post-scarcity economy.
986:
3438:
The Zeitgeist Movement Defined: Realizing a New Train of Thought
2757:
In Marx's Laboratory: Critical Interpretations of the Grundrisse
2754:
Bellofiore, Riccardo; Starosta, Guido; Thomas, Peter D. (2013).
2108:. Surrey, England: Gower Applied Business Research. p. 57.
1565:
the world will enter a post-scarcity age between 2050 and 2075.
2942:
A Few Questions About the Culture: An Interview with Iain Banks
1999:, Surrey, England: Gower Applied Business Research, p. 7,
1540:
1333:
935:
867:
2976:
Cramer & Hartwell, Kathryn & David G. (10 July 2007).
2274:"When Robots Take All the Work, What'll Be Left for Us to Do?"
2214:, in Hodge, Graeme A.; Bowman, Diana; Ludlow, Karinne (eds.),
2517:
2217:
New Global Frontiers in Regulation: The Age of Nanotechnology
1501:
1615:
necessary in the struggle for freedom of the working classes
1593:
and at the expense of the needs of humans and of ecological
3132:
1720:
1648:
time set free, and with the means created, for all of them.
1643:
of workers, but a post-capitalist society would allow for:
1076:
3415:
Peoples' Capitalism: The Economics of the Robot Revolution
1582:, and an abundance of fundamental resources, arguing that
3396:
Bright Future: Abundance and Progress in the 21st Century
2138:
1748:". Banks' close friend and fellow science fiction writer
2753:
1478:
manufacturing technologies, often including the idea of
2820:
Dear Ed Miliband … seek your future in post-scarcity SF
3275:
2975:
2871:
Parsons, Michael; Banks, Iain M. (16 November 2012),
2334:
2181:
3049:
2461:
2459:
2135:"Post-Scarcity Societies (That Still Have Scarcity)"
2072:
2070:
2068:
2066:
2064:
2640:Karl Marx's Social and Political Thought, Volume 8
1527:in particular is often emphasized, as the cost of
2939:Roberts, Jude; Banks, Iain M. (3 November 2014),
2511:
2456:
2350:Gordon, Stephen; Bowyer, Adrian (22 April 2005).
2061:
2035:Space: A Playground for Postcapitalist Posthumans
3471:
2891:, no one has to work, so all work is a form of
2496:
2494:
3389:Abundance: The Future Is Better Than You Think
2636:
2600:The Marx Machine: Politics, Polemics, Ideology
2412:Abundance: The Future is Better Than You Think
3304:Karl Marx's Economics: Critical Assessments I
2781:Easterling, Stuart (November–December 2003).
1420:
904:
3061:
2938:
2870:
2491:
2349:
3285:Creativity and the Global Knowledge Economy
2469:Asteroid mining and a post-scarcity economy
3205:. Vol. 18, no. 2. pp. 48–59
2780:
2171:(archived December 20, 2011) in Chapter 6.
2167:), See the first paragraph of the section
1427:
1413:
911:
897:
3067:
2812:
2810:
2808:
2408:
2128:
2022:." In: Journal of Economic Issues, 18(4).
1466:
3371:, and does not reflect subsequent edits.
3354:
3196:
3104:
3098:
3055:
2380:3D printer to churn out copies of itself
2301:
2239:
1568:Murray Bookchin's 1971 essay collection
3431:Trekonomics: The Economics of Star Trek
3217:
2885:from the original on 15 November 2015,
2637:Jessop, Bob; Wheatley, Russell (1999).
2596:
2501:
2465:
2439:
2271:
2243:Get ready for a world of nanotechnology
2209:
2197:
2164:
2031:
14:
3472:
3164:
3030:
2816:
2805:
2520:"The Post-Scarcity World of 2050–2075"
2376:
2101:
2091:from the original on 17 November 2015.
1992:
1821:
1673:Capital: Critique of Political Economy
3147:from the original on 17 November 2015
3045:from the original on 24 November 2015
3020:from the original on 24 November 2015
3005:
2841:
2831:from the original on 17 November 2015
2793:from the original on 10 November 2015
2726:
2480:from the original on 17 November 2015
2391:from the original on 17 November 2015
2358:from the original on 17 November 2015
2352:"An Interview With Dr. Adrian Bowyer"
2316:from the original on 18 November 2015
2254:from the original on 17 November 2015
2240:Barfield, Thomas (2 September 2010),
2145:from the original on 17 November 2015
2076:
3301:
3253:
2733:. Koninklijke Brill NV. p. 76.
2710:
2697:
2684:
2668:
2543:
2537:
1652:Marx's concept of a post-capitalist
3287:. New York: Peter Lang Publishing.
3172:The Meaning of Liberty Beyond Earth
3031:Liptak, Andrew (19 December 2014),
2760:. Koninklijke Brill NV. p. 9.
2335:Peters, Marginson & Murphy 2009
2182:Peters, Marginson & Murphy 2009
24:
3340:
3321:
2817:Walter, Damien (11 October 2012),
2783:"Marx's theory of economic crisis"
2565:
2284:from the original on 8 August 2014
2190:
1560:report looked at how historically
25:
3506:
3068:Gallagher, Sean (25 April 2017).
3006:Poole, Steven (8 February 2008),
2906:
2466:Thomson, Iain (24 January 2013),
2377:Biever, Celeste (18 March 2005),
2302:Merchant, Brian (18 March 2015),
2272:Wohlsen, Marcus (8 August 2014),
1453:Post-scarcity does not mean that
3454:Fully Automated Luxury Communism
3353:
3169:, in Cockell, Charles S. (ed.),
3086:from the original on 27 May 2017
2603:. Lexington Books. p. 118.
2305:Fully automated luxury communism
1507:Increasingly versatile forms of
942:
878:
866:
51:
3440:by Peter Joseph and TZM members
3197:Blomberg, Con (December 1959).
3158:
3126:
3024:
2999:
2969:
2932:
2900:
2864:
2835:
2774:
2747:
2720:
2703:
2690:
2677:
2661:
2630:
2617:
2590:
2432:
2402:
2370:
2343:
2327:
2295:
2265:
2233:
2203:
2032:Burnham, Karen (22 June 2015),
2020:Keynes on Post-Scarcity Society
153:Concepts, theory and techniques
3302:Wood, John Cunningham (1996).
3227:. Anchor Books. Archived from
2787:International Socialist Review
2551:. Lexington: Lexington Books.
2174:
2157:
2122:
2095:
2025:
2012:
1986:
1830:Star Trek: The Next Generation
13:
1:
3464:The Best That Money Can't Buy
3034:Iain M. Banks' Culture Novels
2212:"Negotiating the nanodivides"
1980:
1889:Commons-based peer production
1884:Bright green environmentalism
1737:socially-permissive society.
1684:
1574:outlines an economy based on
2909:"A Few Notes on the Culture"
2727:Tomba, Massimiliano (2013).
2409:Diamandis, Peter H. (2012),
2077:Frase, Peter (Winter 2012).
1861:United Federation of Planets
1740:The society depicted in the
1617:can be dispelled as a myth.
7:
3485:Schools of economic thought
2979:The Space Opera Renaissance
2018:Robert Chernomas. (1984). "
1871:
1639:—depends on exploiting the
10:
3511:
3444:Zero Marginal Cost Society
2982:. Orb Books. p. 298.
2169:"The Positive-Sum Society"
1836:Star Trek: Deep Space Nine
1679:
1620:
1611:vanguard political parties
1485:More speculative forms of
1187:Third International Theory
2597:Barbour, Charles (2012).
2573:"Post-Scarcity Anarchism"
2444:"The Limits to Resources"
1781:technological singularity
1584:post-industrial societies
1551:
1480:self-replicating machines
1461:
3495:Technological utopianism
3283:; Murphy, Peter (2009).
3165:Baxter, Stephen (2007),
2643:. Routledge. p. 9.
1964:Technological utopianism
1852:Star Trek: First Contact
1768:The Rapture of the Nerds
1580:libertarian municipalism
141:JEL classification codes
3423:Post-Scarcity Anarchism
2842:Banks, Iain M. (1987).
2102:Sadler, Philip (2010).
1993:Sadler, Philip (2010),
1857:Captain Jean-Luc Picard
1599:accumulation of capital
1571:Post-Scarcity Anarchism
1347:Communities by country
327:Industrial organization
184:Computational economics
3490:Science fiction themes
3349:
3328:Listen to this article
2415:, New York, New York:
1974:Universal basic income
1650:
1628:, in a section of his
1467:Speculative technology
1182:Real utopian sociology
951:Mythical and religious
179:Experimental economics
3348:
2449:6 August 2020 at the
2210:Sparrow, Rob (2007),
2133:(30 September 2014).
1645:
1314:Intentional community
1257:Post-scarcity economy
18:Abundance (economics)
3403:Martin Ford (author)
3380:More spoken articles
2964:these people missed?
2889:unemployment problem
2730:Marx's Temporalities
2549:Postmodern Anarchism
2531:World Future Society
2131:Anders, Charlie Jane
1969:Techno-progressivism
1793:'s 1959 short story
1783:coined by SF author
1713:Kim Stanley Robinson
1637:capital accumulation
1558:World Future Society
1491:molecular assemblers
1131:Dystopian literature
406:Social choice theory
3247:Engines of Creation
3224:Engines of Creation
3177:Springer Publishing
3140:The Washington Post
2953:on 24 November 2015
2504:), See the section
2442:). See the section
2046:on 27 November 2015
1919:Information society
1822:Television and film
1193:Utopia for Realists
1149:Communitas perfecta
1122:Gulliver's Travels
1096:Ideology and Utopia
965:City of the Caesars
873:Business portal
194:Operations research
174:National accounting
3425:by Murray Bookchin
3391:by Peter Diamandis
3350:
3277:Peters, Michael A.
3234:on 24 January 2018
3232:(full text online)
1842:Star Trek: Voyager
997:Garden of the gods
204:Industrial complex
199:Middle income trap
3398:by David McMullen
3346:
3294:978-1-4331-0425-1
3186:978-3-319-09566-0
3119:978-0-7653-9276-3
3008:"Culture clashes"
2767:978-90-04-23676-9
2740:978-90-04-23678-3
2610:978-0-7391-1046-1
2426:978-1-4516-1421-3
2227:978-1-84720-518-6
2115:978-0-566-09158-2
2006:978-0-566-09158-2
1939:Post-work society
1924:Knowledge economy
1894:Communist society
1746:anarcho-communist
1654:communist society
1509:rapid prototyping
1442:is a theoretical
1437:
1436:
1269:Utopian socialism
1155:Communist society
970:Cloud cuckoo land
921:
920:
16:(Redirected from
3502:
3466:by Jacque Fresco
3370:
3368:
3357:
3356:
3347:
3336:
3334:
3329:
3317:
3298:
3281:Marginson, Simon
3272:
3243:
3241:
3239:
3233:
3219:Drexler, Eric K.
3214:
3212:
3210:
3190:
3189:
3162:
3156:
3155:
3154:
3152:
3130:
3124:
3123:
3112:. Head of Zeus.
3102:
3096:
3095:
3093:
3091:
3065:
3059:
3053:
3047:
3046:
3028:
3022:
3021:
3003:
2997:
2996:
2973:
2967:
2966:
2960:
2958:
2949:, archived from
2947:Strange Horizons
2936:
2930:
2924:
2922:
2920:
2915:on 22 March 2012
2911:. Archived from
2904:
2898:
2897:
2868:
2862:
2861:
2844:Consider Phlebas
2839:
2833:
2832:
2814:
2803:
2802:
2800:
2798:
2778:
2772:
2771:
2751:
2745:
2744:
2724:
2718:
2707:
2701:
2694:
2688:
2681:
2675:
2665:
2659:
2658:
2634:
2628:
2621:
2615:
2614:
2594:
2588:
2587:
2585:
2583:
2569:
2563:
2562:
2541:
2535:
2534:
2524:
2515:
2509:
2498:
2489:
2488:
2487:
2485:
2463:
2454:
2436:
2430:
2429:
2406:
2400:
2399:
2398:
2396:
2374:
2368:
2367:
2365:
2363:
2347:
2341:
2331:
2325:
2324:
2323:
2321:
2299:
2293:
2292:
2291:
2289:
2269:
2263:
2262:
2261:
2259:
2237:
2231:
2230:
2207:
2201:
2194:
2188:
2178:
2172:
2161:
2155:
2154:
2152:
2150:
2129:Das, Abhimanyu;
2126:
2120:
2119:
2099:
2093:
2092:
2074:
2059:
2058:
2053:
2051:
2042:, archived from
2040:Strange Horizons
2029:
2023:
2016:
2010:
2009:
1990:
1899:Economic problem
1879:Affluent society
1693:The Midas Plague
1659:social ownership
1607:social hierarchy
1545:automated mining
1429:
1422:
1415:
1252:Cyber-utopianism
1067:Most Great Peace
946:
923:
922:
913:
906:
899:
885:Money portal
883:
882:
881:
871:
870:
367:Natural resource
159:Economic systems
55:
32:
31:
21:
3510:
3509:
3505:
3504:
3503:
3501:
3500:
3499:
3470:
3469:
3410:by Peter Joseph
3384:
3383:
3372:
3366:
3364:
3361:This audio file
3358:
3351:
3341:
3338:
3332:
3331:
3327:
3324:
3322:Further reading
3314:
3295:
3269:
3237:
3235:
3231:
3208:
3206:
3193:
3187:
3163:
3159:
3150:
3148:
3131:
3127:
3120:
3103:
3099:
3089:
3087:
3066:
3062:
3056:Blomberg (1959)
3054:
3050:
3029:
3025:
3004:
3000:
2990:
2974:
2970:
2956:
2954:
2937:
2933:
2918:
2916:
2907:Banks, Iain M.
2905:
2901:
2869:
2865:
2854:
2840:
2836:
2815:
2806:
2796:
2794:
2779:
2775:
2768:
2752:
2748:
2741:
2725:
2721:
2708:
2704:
2695:
2691:
2682:
2678:
2666:
2662:
2651:
2635:
2631:
2622:
2618:
2611:
2595:
2591:
2581:
2579:
2571:
2570:
2566:
2559:
2542:
2538:
2522:
2516:
2512:
2499:
2492:
2483:
2481:
2464:
2457:
2451:Wayback Machine
2437:
2433:
2427:
2407:
2403:
2394:
2392:
2375:
2371:
2361:
2359:
2348:
2344:
2332:
2328:
2319:
2317:
2300:
2296:
2287:
2285:
2270:
2266:
2257:
2255:
2238:
2234:
2228:
2208:
2204:
2195:
2191:
2179:
2175:
2162:
2158:
2148:
2146:
2127:
2123:
2116:
2100:
2096:
2075:
2062:
2049:
2047:
2030:
2026:
2017:
2013:
2007:
1991:
1987:
1983:
1978:
1934:Post-capitalism
1914:Imagination age
1874:
1824:
1687:
1682:
1623:
1554:
1537:asteroid mining
1469:
1464:
1433:
1404:
1373:Associationists
1319:Atarashiki-mura
1273:
1222:Agriculturalism
1203:
1199:Utopian studies
1127:
1081:
992:Fortunate Isles
917:
879:
877:
865:
858:
857:
828:
818:
817:
816:
815:
579:von Böhm-Bawerk
467:
456:
455:
217:
209:
208:
164:Economic growth
154:
146:
145:
87:
85:classifications
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3508:
3498:
3497:
3492:
3487:
3482:
3468:
3467:
3461:
3450:
3441:
3435:
3434:by Manu Saadia
3427:
3419:
3418:by James Albus
3411:
3405:
3399:
3393:
3373:
3359:
3352:
3339:
3326:
3325:
3323:
3320:
3319:
3318:
3313:978-0415087148
3312:
3299:
3293:
3273:
3267:
3251:
3215:
3192:
3191:
3185:
3179:, p. 26,
3157:
3125:
3118:
3106:Doctorow, Cory
3097:
3060:
3048:
3039:Kirkus Reviews
3023:
2998:
2989:978-0765306180
2988:
2968:
2931:
2899:
2863:
2853:978-0316005388
2852:
2834:
2804:
2773:
2766:
2746:
2739:
2719:
2702:
2689:
2676:
2660:
2649:
2629:
2616:
2609:
2589:
2564:
2557:
2536:
2510:
2490:
2455:
2453:in Chapter 10.
2431:
2425:
2401:
2369:
2342:
2326:
2294:
2264:
2232:
2226:
2202:
2189:
2173:
2156:
2121:
2114:
2094:
2087:. No. 5.
2079:"Four Futures"
2060:
2024:
2011:
2005:
1984:
1982:
1979:
1977:
1976:
1971:
1966:
1961:
1959:Technocentrism
1956:
1951:
1946:
1941:
1936:
1931:
1926:
1921:
1916:
1911:
1906:
1901:
1896:
1891:
1886:
1881:
1875:
1873:
1870:
1869:
1868:
1823:
1820:
1819:
1818:
1802:
1799:overproduction
1788:
1777:Charles Stross
1764:
1763:
1762:
1724:
1702:
1686:
1683:
1681:
1678:
1622:
1619:
1595:sustainability
1576:social ecology
1553:
1550:
1487:nanotechnology
1468:
1465:
1463:
1460:
1435:
1434:
1432:
1431:
1424:
1417:
1409:
1406:
1405:
1403:
1402:
1401:
1400:
1395:
1390:
1385:
1380:
1375:
1369:Organizations
1366:
1365:
1364:
1363:
1358:
1353:
1344:
1343:
1342:
1341:
1336:
1331:
1326:
1321:
1310:
1309:
1304:
1299:
1294:
1289:
1283:
1280:
1279:
1275:
1274:
1272:
1271:
1266:
1265:
1264:
1259:
1254:
1244:
1242:Social harmony
1239:
1234:
1232:Millenarianism
1229:
1224:
1219:
1213:
1210:
1209:
1205:
1204:
1202:
1201:
1196:
1189:
1184:
1179:
1174:
1173:
1172:
1162:
1157:
1152:
1144:
1141:
1140:
1136:
1135:
1134:
1133:
1126:
1125:
1118:
1111:
1104:
1099:
1091:
1088:
1087:
1083:
1082:
1080:
1079:
1074:
1069:
1064:
1059:
1054:
1049:
1044:
1039:
1034:
1029:
1027:Kingdom of God
1024:
1019:
1014:
1009:
1004:
999:
994:
989:
984:
979:
978:
977:
967:
962:
956:
953:
952:
948:
947:
939:
938:
932:
931:
919:
918:
916:
915:
908:
901:
893:
890:
889:
888:
887:
875:
860:
859:
856:
855:
850:
840:
835:
829:
824:
823:
820:
819:
814:
813:
806:
801:
796:
791:
786:
781:
776:
771:
766:
761:
756:
751:
746:
741:
736:
731:
726:
721:
716:
711:
706:
701:
696:
691:
686:
681:
676:
671:
666:
661:
656:
651:
646:
641:
636:
631:
626:
621:
616:
611:
606:
601:
596:
591:
586:
581:
576:
571:
566:
561:
556:
551:
546:
541:
536:
531:
526:
521:
516:
511:
506:
501:
496:
491:
486:
481:
476:
470:
469:
468:
462:
461:
458:
457:
454:
453:
448:
443:
438:
433:
428:
423:
418:
413:
408:
399:
394:
389:
384:
379:
374:
372:Organizational
369:
364:
359:
354:
349:
344:
339:
334:
329:
324:
319:
314:
309:
304:
299:
294:
289:
284:
279:
274:
269:
264:
259:
254:
249:
244:
239:
234:
229:
224:
218:
216:By application
215:
214:
211:
210:
207:
206:
201:
196:
191:
186:
181:
176:
171:
166:
161:
155:
152:
151:
148:
147:
144:
143:
138:
133:
128:
123:
118:
109:
104:
99:
94:
88:
82:
81:
78:
77:
76:
75:
70:
65:
57:
56:
48:
47:
41:
40:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3507:
3496:
3493:
3491:
3488:
3486:
3483:
3481:
3478:
3477:
3475:
3465:
3462:
3460:
3459:Aaron Bastani
3456:
3455:
3451:
3449:
3448:Jeremy Rifkin
3445:
3442:
3439:
3436:
3433:
3432:
3428:
3426:
3424:
3420:
3417:
3416:
3412:
3409:
3406:
3404:
3400:
3397:
3394:
3392:
3390:
3386:
3385:
3381:
3377:
3362:
3315:
3309:
3306:. Routledge.
3305:
3300:
3296:
3290:
3286:
3282:
3278:
3274:
3270:
3268:0-14-044575-7
3264:
3260:
3256:
3252:
3249:
3248:
3230:
3226:
3225:
3220:
3216:
3204:
3200:
3195:
3194:
3188:
3182:
3178:
3174:
3173:
3168:
3161:
3146:
3142:
3141:
3136:
3129:
3121:
3115:
3111:
3107:
3101:
3085:
3081:
3077:
3076:
3071:
3064:
3057:
3052:
3044:
3040:
3036:
3035:
3027:
3019:
3015:
3014:
3009:
3002:
2995:
2991:
2985:
2981:
2980:
2972:
2965:
2952:
2948:
2944:
2943:
2935:
2928:
2914:
2910:
2903:
2896:
2894:
2890:
2884:
2880:
2876:
2875:
2867:
2860:
2855:
2849:
2845:
2838:
2830:
2826:
2822:
2821:
2813:
2811:
2809:
2792:
2788:
2784:
2777:
2769:
2763:
2759:
2758:
2750:
2742:
2736:
2732:
2731:
2723:
2716:
2712:
2706:
2699:
2693:
2686:
2680:
2674:
2670:
2664:
2657:
2652:
2650:0-415-19330-3
2646:
2642:
2641:
2633:
2626:
2620:
2612:
2606:
2602:
2601:
2593:
2578:
2574:
2568:
2560:
2558:0-7391-0522-1
2554:
2550:
2546:
2540:
2532:
2528:
2521:
2514:
2508:in Chapter 6.
2507:
2503:
2497:
2495:
2479:
2475:
2471:
2470:
2462:
2460:
2452:
2448:
2445:
2441:
2435:
2428:
2422:
2419:, p. 6,
2418:
2414:
2413:
2405:
2390:
2386:
2385:New Scientist
2382:
2381:
2373:
2357:
2353:
2346:
2340:
2336:
2330:
2315:
2311:
2307:
2306:
2298:
2283:
2279:
2275:
2268:
2253:
2249:
2245:
2244:
2236:
2229:
2223:
2219:
2218:
2213:
2206:
2199:
2193:
2187:
2183:
2177:
2170:
2166:
2160:
2144:
2140:
2136:
2132:
2125:
2117:
2111:
2107:
2106:
2098:
2090:
2086:
2085:
2080:
2073:
2071:
2069:
2067:
2065:
2057:
2045:
2041:
2037:
2036:
2028:
2021:
2015:
2008:
2002:
1998:
1997:
1989:
1985:
1975:
1972:
1970:
1967:
1965:
1962:
1960:
1957:
1955:
1952:
1950:
1947:
1945:
1942:
1940:
1937:
1935:
1932:
1930:
1927:
1925:
1922:
1920:
1917:
1915:
1912:
1910:
1909:Jacque Fresco
1907:
1905:
1902:
1900:
1897:
1895:
1892:
1890:
1887:
1885:
1882:
1880:
1877:
1876:
1866:
1862:
1858:
1854:
1853:
1848:
1844:
1843:
1838:
1837:
1832:
1831:
1826:
1825:
1816:
1812:
1811:
1806:
1805:Cory Doctorow
1803:
1800:
1796:
1792:
1789:
1786:
1782:
1778:
1774:
1773:Cory Doctorow
1770:
1769:
1765:
1760:
1756:
1751:
1747:
1743:
1739:
1738:
1735:
1734:Iain M. Banks
1731:
1730:
1725:
1722:
1718:
1714:
1710:
1708:
1703:
1699:
1698:Frederik Pohl
1695:
1694:
1689:
1688:
1677:
1675:
1674:
1669:
1663:
1660:
1655:
1649:
1644:
1642:
1641:surplus labor
1638:
1633:
1632:
1627:
1618:
1616:
1612:
1608:
1604:
1600:
1596:
1592:
1587:
1585:
1581:
1577:
1573:
1572:
1566:
1563:
1559:
1549:
1546:
1542:
1538:
1533:
1530:
1526:
1520:
1518:
1517:Adrian Bowyer
1514:
1510:
1505:
1503:
1498:
1496:
1495:nanofactories
1492:
1488:
1483:
1481:
1477:
1473:
1459:
1456:
1451:
1449:
1445:
1441:
1440:Post-scarcity
1430:
1425:
1423:
1418:
1416:
1411:
1410:
1408:
1407:
1399:
1396:
1394:
1391:
1389:
1386:
1384:
1381:
1379:
1378:Anthroposophs
1376:
1374:
1371:
1370:
1368:
1367:
1362:
1359:
1357:
1354:
1352:
1349:
1348:
1346:
1345:
1340:
1337:
1335:
1332:
1330:
1329:Huaxi Village
1327:
1325:
1322:
1320:
1317:
1316:
1315:
1312:
1311:
1308:
1305:
1303:
1302:Pirate utopia
1300:
1298:
1295:
1293:
1290:
1288:
1285:
1284:
1282:
1281:
1277:
1276:
1270:
1267:
1263:
1262:Transhumanism
1260:
1258:
1255:
1253:
1250:
1249:
1248:
1247:Technological
1245:
1243:
1240:
1238:
1235:
1233:
1230:
1228:
1225:
1223:
1220:
1218:
1215:
1214:
1212:
1211:
1207:
1206:
1200:
1197:
1195:
1194:
1190:
1188:
1185:
1183:
1180:
1178:
1175:
1171:
1168:
1167:
1166:
1163:
1161:
1158:
1156:
1153:
1151:
1150:
1146:
1145:
1143:
1142:
1138:
1137:
1132:
1129:
1128:
1124:
1123:
1119:
1117:
1116:
1112:
1110:
1109:
1105:
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3245:
3236:. Retrieved
3229:the original
3223:
3207:. Retrieved
3202:
3199:"Sales Talk"
3171:
3160:
3149:, retrieved
3138:
3128:
3109:
3100:
3088:. Retrieved
3075:Ars Technica
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2580:. Retrieved
2567:
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2527:The Futurist
2526:
2513:
2502:Drexler 1986
2482:, retrieved
2474:The Register
2468:
2440:Drexler 1986
2434:
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2372:
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2242:
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2192:
2176:
2165:Drexler 1986
2159:
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2124:
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2034:
2027:
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1995:
1988:
1929:New Frontier
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1840:
1834:
1828:
1808:
1794:
1791:Con Blomberg
1766:
1741:
1727:
1717:terraforming
1706:
1691:
1690:The novella
1671:
1667:
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1567:
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1529:solar panels
1525:Solar energy
1521:
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1499:
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1452:
1439:
1438:
1297:Open borders
1287:Architecture
1191:
1177:Pantisocracy
1147:
1120:
1113:
1108:The Republic
1106:
1094:
843:Publications
808:
431:Sociological
404: /
302:Geographical
282:Evolutionary
257:Digitization
222:Agricultural
126:Mathematical
97:Econometrics
29:
3238:23 December
3151:8 September
2957:23 November
2927:own website
2919:23 November
2825:Guardian US
2797:11 November
2545:Call, Lewis
2506:"Abundance"
2484:8 September
2395:8 September
2362:11 November
2320:12 December
2310:Guardian US
2258:12 December
2248:Guardian US
2149:14 November
2050:14 November
1815:3D printing
1785:Ken MacLeod
1750:Ken MacLeod
1715:charts the
1701:simplicity.
1383:Lindisfarne
1339:Sustainable
1324:Egalitarian
1160:Heterotopia
1017:Great Unity
679:von Neumann
332:Information
272:Engineering
252:Development
247:Demographic
189:Game theory
131:Methodology
3474:Categories
3376:Audio help
3367:2018-11-03
3255:Marx, Karl
3080:Condé Nast
2417:Free Press
1981:References
1904:Futurology
1847:replicator
1795:Sales Talk
1732:novels by
1685:Literature
1668:Grundrisse
1631:Grundrisse
1562:capitalism
1388:Millennium
1165:Ideal city
1086:Literature
1057:Mezzoramia
1037:Libertatia
1012:Satya Yuga
1007:Golden Age
1002:Shangri-La
838:Economists
709:Schumacher
614:Schumpeter
584:von Wieser
504:von ThĂĽnen
465:economists
441:Statistics
436:Solidarity
357:Managerial
322:Humanistic
317:Historical
262:Ecological
227:Behavioral
121:Mainstream
3401:Books by
3244:See also
2846:. Orbit.
2711:Marx 1973
2698:Wood 1996
2685:Wood 1996
2669:Marx 1973
1954:Scientism
1807:'s novel
1626:Karl Marx
1476:automated
1472:Futurists
1398:Zeitgeist
1170:Sforzinda
975:Cockaigne
754:Greenspan
719:Samuelson
699:Galbraith
669:Tinbergen
609:von Mises
604:Heckscher
564:Edgeworth
382:Personnel
342:Knowledge
307:Happiness
297:Financial
267:Education
242:Democracy
136:Political
102:Heterodox
45:Economics
3480:Scarcity
3378: ·
3257:(1973).
3221:(1986).
3145:archived
3110:Walkaway
3108:(2017).
3084:Archived
3043:archived
3018:archived
2883:archived
2879:Wired UK
2829:archived
2791:Archived
2582:1 August
2577:AK Press
2547:(2002).
2478:archived
2447:Archived
2389:archived
2356:Archived
2314:archived
2288:11 March
2282:archived
2252:archived
2143:Archived
2089:Archived
1949:Scarcity
1944:Progress
1872:See also
1810:Walkaway
1755:rational
1489:such as
1455:scarcity
1444:economic
1278:Practice
1227:Escapism
1217:Arcology
1208:Concepts
1047:Mahoroba
1042:Mag Mell
1022:Ketumati
928:a series
926:Part of
847:journals
833:Glossary
784:Stiglitz
749:Rothbard
729:Buchanan
714:Friedman
704:Koopmans
694:Leontief
674:Robinson
559:Marshall
463:Notable
411:Regional
387:Planning
362:Monetary
292:Feminist
237:Cultural
232:Business
37:a series
35:Part of
3365: (
3335:minutes
3209:15 June
2713:), pp.
2671:), pp.
2337:), pp.
2184:), pp.
2084:Jacobin
1865:Ferengi
1742:Culture
1729:Culture
1709:trilogy
1680:Fiction
1621:Marxism
1361:Germany
1356:Finland
1351:America
1237:New Man
987:Elysium
960:Arcadia
936:Utopias
853:Schools
845: (
804:Piketty
799:Krugman
664:Kuznets
654:Kalecki
629:Polanyi
519:Cournot
514:Bastiat
499:Ricardo
489:Malthus
479:Quesnay
451:Welfare
421:Service
92:Applied
68:Outline
63:History
3310:
3291:
3265:
3203:Galaxy
3183:
3116:
3090:27 May
2986:
2850:
2789:(32).
2764:
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1839:, and
1759:humane
1609:, and
1597:. The
1591:profit
1552:Social
1541:nickel
1513:RepRap
1502:robots
1462:Models
1448:freely
1334:Nanjie
1292:HosPex
1139:Theory
1115:Utopia
789:Thaler
769:Ostrom
764:Becker
759:Sowell
739:Baumol
644:Myrdal
639:Sraffa
634:Frisch
624:Knight
619:Keynes
594:Fisher
589:Veblen
574:Pareto
554:Menger
549:George
544:Jevons
539:Walras
529:Gossen
397:Public
392:Policy
347:Labour
312:Health
169:Market
2859:want?
2715:51–52
2523:(PDF)
2339:75–76
2278:Wired
1603:state
1032:Opona
826:Lists
794:Hoppe
779:Lucas
744:Solow
734:Arrow
724:Simon
689:Lange
684:Hicks
659:Röpke
649:Hayek
599:Pigou
569:Clark
484:Smith
446:Urban
426:Socio
416:Rural
116:Macro
112:Micro
73:Index
3308:ISBN
3289:ISBN
3263:ISBN
3240:2006
3211:2014
3181:ISBN
3153:2017
3114:ISBN
3092:2017
2984:ISBN
2959:2015
2921:2015
2893:play
2848:ISBN
2799:2015
2762:ISBN
2735:ISBN
2645:ISBN
2625:here
2605:ISBN
2584:2016
2553:ISBN
2486:2017
2421:ISBN
2397:2017
2364:2015
2322:2016
2290:2017
2260:2016
2222:ISBN
2151:2015
2110:ISBN
2052:2015
2001:ISBN
1775:and
1757:and
1726:The
1721:Mars
1707:Mars
1704:The
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1077:Zion
982:Eden
810:more
534:Marx
524:Mill
509:List
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2673:706
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