42:
935:
1229:
999:
579:
321:
agreed upon the stipulation that
Himyarite territory would be annexed by the Sasanian Empire in the event of an Aksumite defeat. Subsequently, the Persian army entered South Arabia and secured decisive victories in the
342:, Yazan was appointed to govern the region. However, four years into his reign, he was murdered by his Aksumite servants. Facing the return of Aksum to South Arabia, the Sasanian Empire mounted a second invasion and
635:
By 575–578 AD, the
Himyarite vassal king Yazan was murdered by his Ethiopian servants, following which the Aksumites returned and re-established their power in the region. In response, the Sasanian military
619:
a military technology used by the
Sasanian military with which the locals were unfamiliar. After the conquest of Yemen and subsequent expulsion of the Ethiopian presence there, Wahrez returned to
692:
Robin, Christian Julien (2015). "Before Ḥimyar: Epigraphic
Evidence for the Kingdoms of South Arabia". In Greg Fisher (ed.). Arabs and Empires before Islam. Oxford University Press. pp. 90–126.
225:
373:, owing to a high rate of Persian soldiers intermarrying with local Arab women. The Al-Abna' community would go on to play a prominent role during and after the
901:
563:
During the initial invasion, Nawzadh was killed by
Aksumite forces. This event led Wahrez to pursue a vendetta against the Ethiopian ruler of Yemen,
41:
361:
For the next century, the
Sasanian Empire maintained army garrisons throughout South Arabia. This period saw the inception of a community known as
218:
489:
122:
211:
17:
923:
501:
355:
1126:
950:
645:
891:
857:
1256:
931:
1261:
1084:
955:
513:
1251:
1063:
1116:
1111:
1048:
916:
571:. The decisive Persian victory at Hadhramaut marked the beginning of the Aksumite retreat and the subsequent
421:
306:
1106:
1068:
637:
536:). Modern estimates place the Sasanian force's numbers at 16,000 men. The Persians sailed from the port of
354:
was appointed as Yemen's governor, ensuring the suppression of regional pro-Byzantine influence amidst the
343:
261:
1198:
395:
294:
236:
424:. Following the successful Aksumite invasion, Dhu Nuwas was deposed and executed, and Kaleb appointed a
983:
868:
672:, a community of people descended from Iranian fathers and Arab mothers after the Aksumite–Persian wars
1131:
1053:
1232:
1203:
909:
256:
796:
1101:
1094:
1038:
612:. Al-Tabari reports that the defining factor of the Persian victory over the Aksumites was the
810:
772:
1013:
464:(also known as Sayf ibn Dhi Yazan), decided to revolt against him. After being denied aid by
976:
572:
568:
327:
323:
251:
8:
790:
528:. The strength of the Sasanian expeditionary force is variously given as 3,600 or 7,500 (
347:
605:
553:
461:
310:
147:
1172:
887:
853:
601:
590:
564:
517:
445:
417:
331:
298:
169:
51:
1193:
1162:
1023:
594:
505:
469:
453:
405:
314:
282:
173:
160:
151:
127:
833:
755:
725:
448:
took over and continued the
Aksumite vice-royalty in Yemen and resumed payment of
1147:
1028:
939:
934:
881:
609:
600:
Following the capture of Sanaʽa by
Sasanian forces, Wahrez reinstated the former
549:
477:
432:, as his viceroy. However, around 525, Ashwa was deposed by the Aksumite general
374:
366:
286:
118:
1188:
1152:
1058:
1043:
1033:
988:
971:
845:
641:
339:
102:
520:; although two of the ships were wrecked, the rest successfully docked in the
313:
sought to end Aksum's hegemony in the region and, after being rejected by the
1245:
1089:
883:
Sāsānid
Soldiers in Early Muslim Society: The Origins of ʿAyyārān and Futuwwa
649:
429:
401:
378:
708:
1018:
815:
777:
624:
529:
525:
290:
80:
436:, who declared himself as the king of the new Himyarite–Aksumite Kingdom.
203:
1209:
1157:
669:
362:
521:
509:
425:
56:
586:
537:
533:
493:
473:
465:
457:
409:
318:
302:
192:
139:
578:
1167:
657:
614:
541:
449:
630:
1215:
773:
The
History of Al-Tabari: The Sasanids, the Lakhmids, and Yemen
582:
497:
433:
351:
335:
330:, following which the Aksumites were largely expelled from the
143:
47:
653:
545:
370:
420:
who had gained notoriety for his ongoing persecution of the
317:, turned to the Persians for military aid. The Persian king
652:
remained under firm Sasanian control until the rise of the
642:
Yemen was then annexed by the Sasanian Empire as a province
620:
557:
413:
998:
365:, which consisted of people whose ethnic lineage was both
644:, and Wahrez was installed as its direct governor by the
516:, onboard eight ships, sailed around the coasts of the
850:
The Throne of Adulis: Red Sea Wars on the Eve of Islam
389:
750:
748:
746:
640:, headed by a force of 4000 men and led by Wahrez.
556:and the remainder of Hadhramaut before landing at
508:at the head of a small expeditionary force of 800
767:
765:
460:. Following these events, Masruq's half-brother,
1243:
743:
567:, who was personally executed by Wahrez at the
346:, indefinitely ending Aksumite rule outside of
762:
917:
631:Aksumite uprising and second Persian invasion
219:
792:The Countries and Tribes of the Persian Gulf
723:
706:
233:
924:
910:
226:
212:
844:
483:
456:, annexing it to the Aksumite kingdom in
831:
577:
309:. By 570, the subjugated Himyarite king
281:took place in the 6th century, when the
14:
1244:
879:
869:"Arabia, ii. The Sasanians and Arabia"
838:Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. I, Fasc. 3
439:
46:Depiction of the Persian army general
905:
866:
788:
207:
702:
700:
698:
688:
686:
27:Armed conflict of the 6th century CE
573:besieging of Sanaʽa by the Persians
496:sent the Sasanian military general
24:
756:"Welcome to Encyclopaedia Iranica"
25:
1273:
811:Muhammad and the Origins of Islam
695:
683:
608:to his throne as a vassal of the
589:'s war against the Aksumite king
472:, Ma'adi Yakrib sought help from
390:Aksumite invasion of South Arabia
356:Byzantine–Sasanian War of 572–591
297:had led to the annexation of the
295:Aksumite invasion of South Arabia
189:16,000 infantry (modern estimate)
1228:
1227:
997:
933:
886:. Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz.
40:
1085:Military of the Sasanian Empire
726:"ABNĀʾ – Encyclopaedia Iranica"
377:, when most of them joined the
803:
789:Miles, Samuel Barrett (1919).
782:
717:
707:Umair Mirza (1 January 1998).
444:After Abraha's death, his son
404:sent a military expedition to
13:
1:
795:. Harrison and sons. p.
676:
422:Christian community in Najran
384:
307:Christian community of Najran
710:History of Tabari - Volume 5
544:, and subsequently moved on
338:. With the establishment of
262:Sasanian reconquest of Yemen
7:
852:. Oxford University Press.
663:
638:invaded Yemen a second time
396:Aksumite invasion of Himyar
350:. The Persian army general
10:
1278:
824:
660:in the early 7th century.
548:, the portside capital of
512:cavalrymen in 570 CE. The
393:
305:, who was persecuting the
50:killing the Aksumite king
1225:
1181:
1140:
1132:Muslim conquest of Persia
1112:Hephthalite–Sasanian Wars
1077:
1006:
995:
964:
946:
867:Potts, Daniel T. (2012).
344:re-conquered Yemen by 578
247:
183:
133:
112:
63:
39:
34:
1204:Kushano-Sasanian Kingdom
832:Bosworth, C. E. (1983).
585:of the Sasanian emperor
289:fought for control over
1262:History of South Arabia
1257:Abyssinian–Persian wars
1199:Roman–Iranian relations
880:Zakeri, Mohsen (1995).
623:with a large amount of
610:Sasanian Persian Empire
478:Sasanian Persian Empire
238:Abyssinian–Persian wars
18:Abyssinian–Persian wars
1127:Revolts and civil wars
597:
484:First Persian invasion
301:and the deposition of
134:Commanders and leaders
1252:6th-century conflicts
1122:Aksumite–Persian wars
873:Encyclopaedia Iranica
730:www.iranicaonline.org
581:
552:; they then captured
279:Aksumite–Persian wars
35:Aksumite–Persian wars
1117:Göktürk–Persian wars
569:Battle of Hadhramaut
506:Aksumite-ruled Yemen
324:Battle of Hadhramaut
252:Battle of Hadhramaut
54:with an arrow, from
840:. pp. 226–228.
440:Himyarite rebellion
293:. In the 520s, the
198:6,000–10,000 troops
1102:Roman–Persian Wars
984:Seven Great Houses
846:Bowersock, Glen W.
724:electricpulp.com.
606:Sayf ibn Dhī Yazan
598:
428:Himyarite native,
311:Saif ibn Dhi Yazan
148:Saif ibn Dhi Yazan
1239:
1238:
1078:Military and wars
893:978-3-447-03652-8
859:978-0-19-973932-5
591:Masruq ibn Abraha
565:Masruq ibn Abraha
518:Arabian Peninsula
514:Sasanian military
446:Masruq ibn Abraha
418:Himyarite Kingdom
408:to fight against
332:Arabian Peninsula
299:Himyarite Kingdom
270:
269:
202:
201:
170:Masruq ibn Abraha
108:
107:
101:Establishment of
52:Masruq ibn Abraha
16:(Redirected from
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1231:
1230:
1163:Banu al-Munajjim
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951:List of monarchs
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736:
721:
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704:
693:
690:
646:Sasanian emperor
470:Byzantine Empire
454:Kingdom of Aksum
326:and then in the
315:Byzantine Empire
283:Kingdom of Aksum
242:
241:
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228:
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205:
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128:Kingdom of Aksum
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32:
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21:
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1136:
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993:
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942:
940:Sasanian Empire
932:
930:
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860:
827:
822:
821:
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734:
732:
722:
718:
705:
696:
691:
684:
679:
666:
633:
550:historical Oman
542:Bahrain Islands
526:southern Arabia
488:In response to
486:
442:
400:Around 520 AD,
398:
392:
387:
287:Sasanian Empire
273:
272:
271:
266:
257:Siege of Sana'a
243:
237:
235:
234:
232:
190:
174:
161:
158:
152:
146:
142:
121:
119:Sasanian Empire
97:
91:Persian victory
83:
45:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
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441:
438:
430:Sumūyafa Ashwa
402:Kaleb of Aksum
394:Main article:
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386:
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340:Sasanian Yemen
328:Siege of Sanaa
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184:Units involved
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103:Sasanian Yemen
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1095:Defense lines
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839:
835:
830:
829:
817:
814:, p. 100, at
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812:
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794:
793:
785:
779:
776:, p. 240, at
775:
774:
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766:
757:
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747:
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703:
701:
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661:
659:
655:
651:
650:Greater Yemen
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643:
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626:
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603:
596:
592:
588:
584:
580:
576:
574:
570:
566:
561:
559:
555:
551:
547:
543:
540:, seized the
539:
535:
531:
527:
523:
519:
515:
511:
507:
503:
499:
495:
491:
481:
479:
475:
471:
467:
463:
462:Ma'adi Yakrib
459:
455:
451:
447:
437:
435:
431:
427:
423:
419:
416:ruler of the
415:
411:
407:
403:
397:
382:
380:
379:early Muslims
376:
375:rise of Islam
372:
368:
364:
359:
357:
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345:
341:
337:
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209:
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197:
194:
191:800 cavalry (
188:
187:
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171:
168:
166:
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159:Nawzadh
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155:
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43:
38:
33:
19:
1214:
1208:
1121:
1049:Inscriptions
1014:Architecture
882:
872:
849:
837:
816:Google Books
809:
805:
791:
784:
778:Google Books
771:
733:. Retrieved
729:
719:
709:
634:
613:
599:
562:
530:Ibn Qutaybah
500:and his son
492:'s request,
487:
443:
399:
360:
334:, excluding
291:South Arabia
278:
276:
274:
175:
162:
153:
113:Belligerents
81:South Arabia
55:
1158:Baduspanids
1141:Descendants
1107:Arab tribes
977:Family tree
648:Khosrow I.
532:), or 800 (
96:Territorial
1246:Categories
1064:Punishment
1054:Literature
677:References
524:region of
522:Hadhramaut
490:Maʽd-Karib
385:Background
123:Himyarites
71:570–578 AD
57:Tarikhnama
1173:Qarinvand
1044:Glassware
1039:Education
602:Himyarite
587:Khosrow I
534:al-Tabari
510:Dailamite
494:Khosrow I
474:Khosrow I
466:Justin II
458:Abyssinia
426:Christian
410:Dhu Nuwas
319:Khosrow I
303:Dhu Nuwas
193:Al-Tabari
140:Khosrow I
1233:Category
1168:Mikalids
1148:Dabuyids
1034:Dressing
956:Timeline
848:(2013).
735:13 April
670:Al-Abnaʽ
664:See also
658:Muhammad
656:prophet
615:panjagan
363:Al-Abna'
348:Ethiopia
285:and the
76:Location
1194:Economy
1182:Related
1153:Bavands
1024:Coinage
1007:Culture
965:Dynasty
834:"Abnāʾ"
825:Sources
654:Islamic
502:Nawzadh
476:of the
468:of the
452:to the
450:tribute
367:Iranian
176:†
163:†
154:†
98:changes
1216:anērān
1029:Crowns
890:
856:
621:Persia
583:Fresco
554:Dhofar
538:Obolla
498:Wahrez
434:Abraha
414:Jewish
352:Wahrez
336:Najran
172:
150:
144:Wahrez
88:Result
48:Wahrez
1189:Roads
1069:Women
1059:Music
989:Kayus
625:booty
604:king
595:Yemen
546:Sohar
406:Yemen
1213:and
1210:ērān
1090:Navy
888:ISBN
854:ISBN
799:-29.
737:2018
558:Aden
412:, a
371:Arab
369:and
277:The
68:Date
1019:Art
593:in
575:.
504:to
1248::
871:.
836:.
797:26
764:^
745:^
728:.
697:^
685:^
627:.
560:.
480:.
381:.
358:.
925:e
918:t
911:v
896:.
875:.
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758:.
739:.
713:.
617:,
227:e
220:t
213:v
195:)
20:)
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