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207:. The 1909 countercoup was instigated by a mutiny of dissatisfied troops in Istanbul, who were joined by reactionary religious protestors demanding a return to autocracy under Abdul Hamid and
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The force numbered around 20,000–25,000 Ottoman soldiers and was supplemented by 15,000 volunteers, including 4,000 Bulgarians, 2,000 Greeks and 700 Jews.
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based in
Selanik. A number of staff officers opposed to the countercoup gathered in Selanik to join the force. It was also supported by divisions from the
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Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.
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481:"From Bloodless Revolution to Bloody Counterrevolution: The Adana Massacres of 1909 Adana Massacres of 1909"
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The Action Army was organised by Mahmud
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to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is
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They set out on the road to the foe, they put their hand to the sword,
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Swenson, Victor R. (1970). "The
Military Rising in Istanbul 1909".
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Group within the
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Süssheim, Karl; Flemming, Barbara; Schmidt, Jan (2002).
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a machine-translated version of the
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632:(in Turkish). 2020-08-10
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