410:. Hallowell's ship was understrength as more than 80 men had been removed from the ship for service in Egyptian waters and illness rendered another 59 unfit for duty, while the vessel itself was in a poor state of repair and leaking badly. Progress had been slow, and a northeasterly wind had also significantly delayed Hallowell's passage. When he learned from a passing vessel that there was a French squadron in the region, he ordered the convoy to separate and sailed for Malta alone in an effort to join Warren more rapidly and warn him of Ganteaume's return. At 03:30 on 24 June his lookouts sighted sails to the southwest. Hallowell immediately assumed that the distant ships were the enemy and he turned away from the French and
39:
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238:. Although Hallowell immediately recognised the danger his vessel was in and turned to flee, the French ships were much faster and soon closed with his ship. At 14:00, three French vessels were within long gunshot and Hallowell decided that his only hope of escape lay in disabling the three ships before the rest of the French squadron could join the engagement. Turning towards the enemy, Hallowell found that his sluggish ship was unable to respond rapidly to French manoeuvres and within two hours
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had taken significant damage to its masts, rigging and sails during the exchange of fire, a deliberate ploy by the French captains to limit the ship's movement and prevent its escape. This had minimised casualties on deck by distracting the gunfire, and as a result, only two men were killed and eight
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Ganteaume's fleet remained off the Cape Derna for the next six days, performing repairs to the captured vessel to make it seaworthy. Detachments of sailors were taken from all of the ships in the squadron and transferred to the prize, and on 30 June
Ganteaume's force was ready to sail northwest once
446:
maintaining the pressure on the slow moving
British vessel, while the rest of Ganteaume's squadron used the prevailing wind to push far ahead of the ongoing chase before tacking at 08:00 across Hallowell's intended course. Unless Hallowell could escape the trap, his ship would be caught between the
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and disable it, creating enough confusion to mask an escape. The manoeuvere was recognised by the French captains, and all three vessels turned to face the
British ship as it approached. By 15:30 the ships of the line had opened a mutual fire, during which the faster French warships were able to
537:
to excuse the failure of his effort to reinforce Egypt, which was invaded and captured by a
British expeditionary force in the spring and summer of 1801. While in captivity, Hallowell wrote a letter that was published in Britain praising the treatment he and his men had received while
364:, the admiral concerned that his ships would be outnumbered further east where the British expeditionary force was gathering. Bonaparte sent him back to sea to complete the operation but again he returned, driven back by bad weather and a patrolling British squadron off
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to investigate the loss of their ship, and were all honourably cleared of any blame. He was also praised for detaching the convoy, which otherwise might have also been lost. Hallowell subsequently returned to naval service in 1803 at the start the
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two French divisions and overwhelmed. For six hours
Hallowell continued his efforts to escape, but the French ships were too fast, Ganteaume's force passing some distance ahead of the British ship and then turning back towards him so that by 14:00
574:, one of only five British ships of the line to be captured by the French during the entire war, was subsequently commissioned into the French Navy and remained in service for the next four years until recaptured at the
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253:. This had trapped the French army in Egypt on the African side of the Mediterranean, and all efforts to reinforce and resupply them had ended in failure, including three separate expeditions by Ganteaume's squadron.
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was at serious risk of being surrounded. Hallowell determined that his only option was to attempt to drive through those ships of
Ganteaume's division that blocked his passage to leeward, the ships of the line
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brought Spain into the war on the French side, but they were now able to return in large numbers. As French maritime lines of communication were cut, the French
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had been assassinated, and a
British invasion was impending. Frustrated at his failure to assist his men in Egypt, Bonaparte ordered a squadron of
303:
coast. The battle completely reversed the strategic situation in the
Mediterranean: British forces had evacuated the region in 1796 after the
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At 15:00, with the detached division rapidly approaching from astern, Hallowell turned his ship towards the ships sailing ahead of
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drove his squadron back westwards. On 24 June, Ganteaume's ships were retreating along the North
African coast, passing close to
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was passing slowly along the North
African coast after being detached from Keith's fleet to join Warren's squadron off
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249:, which had been largely under British control since the French Mediterranean Fleet had been destroyed in 1798 at the
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became trapped in Egypt. Unable to return to Europe by sea, the army attempted and failed to pass overland through
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and was subsequently abandoned by Bonaparte, who returned to France with his closest advisors in the frigates
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was surrounded. Threatened with complete destruction and unable to escape, the British captain surrendered.
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that was also returning westwards after a failed attempt to reinforce the besieged French garrison in
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again, eventually reaching Toulon without further incident on 22 July. Ganteaume used the capture of
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wounded, two of whom subsequently also died. French losses were more severe, with four casualties on
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in November 1799, promising to send reinforcements to the forces that remained in North Africa.
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was on the verge of collapse. No supplies or support had arrived from France, their commander
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for the loss of his ship, but was honourably acquitted and returned to naval service.
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into the wind. By 05:30, lookouts on the nearest French ships, the ships of the line
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within gunshot convinced Hallowell that further resistance was hopeless and he
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and attempted to pass across the stern of the rearmost ship in an effort to
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Naval battles of the French Revolutionary Wars involving the United Kingdom
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372:. On 27 April Ganteaume made a third attempt to reach Egypt, and reached
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had spotted the distant British vessel and were ordered to give chase.
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in 1805, where the ship was recaptured by the British and rejoined the
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The Royal Navy, A History from the Earliest Times to 1900, Volume IV
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by tacking into the wind and a complicated chase developed, with
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Naval battles of the French Revolutionary Wars involving France
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and one frigate engaged. Two more ships of the line in support.
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was passing westwards through the Southern Mediterranean near
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Also in the region was the British 74-gun ship of the line
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Minor naval engagement during the French Revolutionary Wars
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under Ganteaume, and he and his officers were released on
376:
before pressure from larger British forces under Admiral
227:
when it encountered a much larger French squadron under
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The Naval History of Great Britain, Volume 3, 1800–1805
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The action was a rare victory for the French in the
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Dictionnaire des capitaines de Vaisseau de Napoléon
352:in January 1801 under the command of Contre-Amiral
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648:
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546:the following month. On 18 August they faced a
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295:destroyed the French Mediterranean Fleet at
67:21 nautical miles (39 km) northeast of
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360:. In February, Ganteaume's force reached
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849:Quintin, Danielle et Bernard (2003).
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493:easily outmanoeuvre the lumbering
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812:. London: Conway Maritime Press.
520:and six killed and 23 wounded on
834:. London: Constable Publishers.
257:was later commissioned into the
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786:Gardiner, Robert, ed. (2001) .
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657:"Carew, Sir Benjamin Hallowell"
283:Ganteaume's expeditions of 1801
771:. London: Chatham Publishing.
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1:
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287:On 1 August 1798, during the
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269:. Hallowell was subsequently
677:UK public library membership
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790:. London: Caxton Editions.
728:Dictionnaire des capitaines
406:, escorting a small convoy
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434:The French ships followed
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509:to signal his surrender.
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206:French Revolutionary Wars
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31:French Revolutionary Wars
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788:Nelson Against Napoleon
470:Louis-Marie Le Gouardun
370:Sir John Borlase Warren
305:Treaty of San Ildefonso
134:Louis-Marie Le Gouardun
460:Pierre-Paulin Gourrège
202:action of 24 June 1801
140:Pierre-Paulin Gourrège
119:Commanders and leaders
24:Action of 24 June 1801
765:Clowes, William Laird
184:33 killed and wounded
179:Casualties and losses
342:Jean Baptiste Kléber
576:Battle of Trafalgar
368:under Rear-Admiral
263:Battle of Trafalgar
43:The capture of HMS
396:Benjamin Hallowell
315:Napoleon Bonaparte
293:Sir Horatio Nelson
289:Battle of the Nile
261:and fought at the
251:Battle of the Nile
221:Benjamin Hallowell
148:Benjamin Hallowell
880:Conflicts in 1801
675:(subscription or
346:ships of the line
247:Mediterranean Sea
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128:Honoré Ganteaume
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29:Part of the
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518:Indivisible
455:Indivisible
297:Aboukir Bay
259:French Navy
874:Categories
582:References
559:Port Mahon
472:) and the
382:Cape Derna
378:Lord Keith
358:Alexandria
277:Background
267:Royal Navy
225:Cape Derna
69:Cape Derna
853:. S.P.M.
808:(2002) .
767:(1997) .
726:Quintin,
679:required)
578:in 1805.
572:Swiftsure
550:on board
535:Swiftsure
528:Aftermath
513:Swiftsure
499:Jean Bart
495:Swiftsure
486:Swiftsure
449:Swiftsure
440:Jean Bart
436:Swiftsure
417:Jean Bart
400:Swiftsure
391:Swiftsure
319:Palestine
255:Swiftsure
240:Swiftsure
216:Swiftsure
192:Swiftsure
189:8 wounded
172:Swiftsure
45:Swiftsure
830:(2001).
730:, p. 221
668:15 March
554:Genereux
522:Dix-Août
465:Dix-Août
408:en route
374:Benghazi
301:Egyptian
194:captured
187:2 killed
154:Strength
146:Captain
138:Captain
132:Captain
63:Location
563:Menorca
474:frigate
468:(under
458:(under
330:Carrère
299:on the
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544:parole
478:Créole
462:) and
430:Battle
412:tacked
366:Sicily
362:Toulon
324:Muiron
76:Result
404:Malta
350:Brest
236:Egypt
855:ISBN
836:ISBN
814:ISBN
792:ISBN
773:ISBN
670:2010
552:HMS
501:and
490:rake
442:and
420:and
389:HMS
327:and
214:HMS
200:The
170:HMS
159:Two
55:Date
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