1131:. Instead of bombing the Peshawer runway, however, IAF bombers mistook the mall road in Peshawer as the runway and dropped their bombs there instead. The Canberras were intercepted by a Pakistani F-104 near Lahore, but evaded the Starfighter and returned home safely. They also encountered F-86 Sabres, one of which damaged the Canberras. A Pakistani F-86 Sabre crashed while making an evasive maneuver in an attempt to escape pursuit by a Gnat which was defending the Canberra bombers, and the PAF pilot was killed. The Gnat pilot, W/C Singh, was credited with an aerial victory for the incident near Amritsar. Pakistan acknowledged losing an F-86 Sabre and its pilot, S/L Allaudin "Butch" Ahmad, who was killed in action while leading four aeroplanes attacking an ammunition train near
84:
1221:(over 1,000 km from Badin) and proceeded towards the radar complex at low altitude. About 80 miles (130 km) short of the target, one Canberra climbed to an altitude of 10,000 feet as a decoy before returning to base; the other five Canberras continued towards the target. The group then separated; four aircraft approached the target in two sections, two minutes apart, at low altitude before climbing to 7,000 feet. They made bombing runs, dropping about 10,000 lbs of explosives. Wilson then approached from the south at an altitude of 30 feet, firing a salvo of 68 mm rockets at the radar dome.
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1247:, with information about his son's safety. When Khan offered to release his son immediately, Cariappa reportedly told him to treat his son no differently from any other POW: "He is my son no longer. He is the child of this country, a soldier fighting for his motherland like a true patriot. My many thanks for your kind gesture, but I request you to release all or release none. Give him no special treatment." A
1054:(SSG) commandos at three Indian airfields (Halwara, Pathankot and Adampur) on 7 September. The attempt was an "unmitigated disaster". Only ten commandos returned to Pakistan, and the rest were prisoners of war (including a commander, Major Khalid Butt). The troops landed in residential areas of Halwara and Adampur, where villagers caught them and handed them over to police.
1161:, who witnessed the dogfight. That day, a Pakistani Sabre shot down a civilian Indian aircraft after the civilian plane identified itself; the PAF pilot assumed that it was on a reconnaissance mission. Years later, the pilot wrote to the Indian pilot's daughter and apologized for shooting down the aircraft. The plane was carrying Gujarat Chief Minister
1111:) and six IAF planes – four Mysteres and two Gnats – with two 30 mm Aden cannons, led by F/L V. Kapila and F/L Harry Sidhu. Both IAF pilots said that their guns jammed. Both PAF pilots said that they shot and damaged one IAF aeroplane each. Same-day IAF records acknowledge losing one Mystere, with the pilot (
1061:. They lost two Mysteres and three Hunters to local PAF squadrons. One of the Indian Hunter pilots, who ejected near Sargodha, was taken prisoner and released after the war. One of the crippled Mysteres was involved in a dogfight with a Starfighter, shooting each other down. The Pakistani pilot ejected; S/L
1429:
The US imposed a 10-year arms embargo on both sides as a result of the 1965 war. This had no effect on India (which looked to
Britain, France and the Soviet Union for arms) but was disastrous for Pakistan, which was limited to 90 obsolete, second-hand Sabres from Iran, 28 Mirage IIIs from France, and
912:
after Sikand thought he had safely crossed the border. After realising his mistake, Sikand's takeoff attempt was aborted due to a
Pakistan Army jeep on the runway; he was taken prisoner, and later handed over to the PAF. A Starfighter flown by F/L Hakimullah Khan at supersonic speed was credited with
747:
engaged in large-scale aerial combat for the first time. In the air war, which took place in
September, both air forces conducted thousands of defensive and offensive sorties over Indian and Pakistani airspace. Both India and Pakistan claimed victory in the air war; Pakistan claimed to have destroyed
1118:
On 13 September, another encounter took place between PAF Sabres from
Sargodha and IAF Gnats from the No. 2 Squadron. An Indian Gnat was shot down by a PAF F-86 Sabre flown by F/L Yusaf Ali Khan, but the Indian pilot ejected safely. The other Gnat was damaged in combat by F/L Imtiaz Bhatti. Although
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from front-line service. Although India's use of fixed-winged
Vampires was later criticized, eight of the 12 Vampires successfully completed their tasks; 14 Mysteres returned unscathed, and the IAF claimed success in slowing the Pakistan Army's momentum. Both sides supported their ground forces on 2
851:
of No. 15 Squadron) to intercept. In the ensuing dogfight over Chhamb, where
Rafiqui took on the flight leader and wingman and Bhatti went after the element leader and element wingman, the IAF lost all four of its Vampires; they were flown by Squadron Leader Aspi Kekobad Bhagwagar (flight leader),
1123:. Khan was credited with a kill; Bhatti was credited with damaging the IAF Gnat, despite later confirmation that the injured pilot and the Gnat crash-landed. Later on the night of 13/14 September, Indian Canberras made the war's deepest penetration into Pakistani airspace and attacked bases near
1344:
said that despite being inferior in quality, his air force achieved air superiority in three days. Kenneth
Werrell wrote that the PAF "did well in the conflict and probably had the edge". When the war began, it had about 100 F-86s; India had five times the number of more-modern combat aircraft.
1418:; Pakistani forces did not realize how much they relied on full ground-based defensive radar coverage and an adequate supply of air-to-air missiles. India established a modern early warning radar system with Soviet aid, including the recently introduced Fansong-E low-level radar linked to the
1332:
One factor which makes it difficult to determine the outcome of the 1965 air war is the number of planes lost in the air versus those lost on the ground due to bombing. Up to 60 percent of Indian aircraft losses occurred on the ground during the attacks on
Kalaikkunda and
1328:
Each side made conflicting claims. Pakistani sources said that Indian losses ranged from 59 to 110, and
Pakistani losses ranged from 18 to 43. According to Indian sources, the Indian Air Force's aircraft-attrition rate (1.5%) was lower than that of the PAF (1.82%).
1035:. Two Indian Hunters were lost in air combat. Both Indian pilots survived, ejecting over their base, but both Pakistani pilots (including Rafiqui) were killed. Rafiqui had shot down two Vampires and the first of the Hunters, posthumously receiving the
879:; India used Mysteres flying at slow speed as bait to lure the Sabres to attack, and the waiting Gnats would take them on. Two Sabres were scrambled, but one had to turn back when the pilot could not jettison its fuel tanks. The other, flown by F/L
852:
Flight
Lieutenant Vijay Madhav Joshi (element leader), Flight Lieutenant Satish Bharadwaj (element wingman) and Flight Lieutenant (later Group Captain) Shrikrishna Vishnu Phatak (wingman). Both Pakistani pilots claimed two aircraft kills each.
887:
in the area was sent to the dogfight, and another one was scrambled from the base. The first Starfighter passed through the dogfight at supersonic speed; the Gnats, after scoring a kill, began to leave. IAF Squadron Leader
1802:
Since the partition of British India in mid-1947, India and Pakistan have fought 'three-and-a-half' wars with each other. Within months of partition, the first war over Kashmir took place (26 October 1947 – 1 January
756:
The war began in early August 1965, and fighting was initially confined mainly to the ground. As hostilities progressed, however, both sides began air operations. Although India and Pakistan had fought in the
963:
in one minute; Alam claimed victory over four in 30 seconds. His claim was contested by the IAF, which denied losing five Hawker Hunter aircraft that day; several experts, including retired PAF Air Commodore
769:, re-supply and troop transport. One Indian fighter aircraft had intercepted a Pakistani transport in the earlier war, but there was no significant air-to-air combat. During the 1965 conflict, however, the
1095:
The war then lessened in intensity, with occasional clashes between the IAF and the PAF. Both air forces changed their strategy from air interdiction to ground attack and concentrated their efforts on
833:. Twenty-eight aircraft (12 Vampires and 16 Mysteres) were used, and the first planes took off at 17:19 hours. The planes flew in formation and strafed Pakistani tanks and ground targets, although
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On 16 September, an IAF Hunter and a PAF F-86 Sabre were shot down over Halwara. The IAF pilot was killed, but the Pakistani pilot ejected and spent the rest of the war as a POW. A Pakistani
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It is tactically and mathematically very difficult to resurrect the incident in which all five Hunters in a hard turn were claimed to have been shot down in a 270-degree turn in 23 seconds.
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1214:
1206:
893:
883:, spotted the IAF planes and tried positioning himself behind them before attacking. As Khan got them in his cross-hairs, however, he was surrounded by a group of Gnats under attack. A
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for surviving the dogfight against six Gnats and bringing the damaged Sabre back home. An IAF Gnat pilot was overheard warning others of the incoming Starfighter. A Gnat flown by S/L
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engaged three PAF Sabres. Cooke shot one down and damaged a second; out of ammunition, he chased away the third Sabre (which was shot down by his wingman). On 8 September, an Indian
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its pilot returned to the base, All India Radio said that he died of injuries sustained during combat. After he reportedly died on landing, his funeral was attended by the
1172:, the brother of Trevor Keelor, who was credited with the first Indian aerial victory of the war. The following day, another two Hunters and an F-86 Sabre were lost over
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821:
after the 220th Squadron was merged into it, was commanded by S. K. "Marshal" Dhar. Group Captain Roshan Suri painted a grim picture of the Indian Army's position at
578:
17:
1634:
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1239:(the Indian Army's first commander-in-chief) was shot down by anti-aircraft fire; he ejected, and became a POW. Identifying the wounded soldier at Kargil,
388:
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1345:
Pakistan had a "decade's experience with the Sabre", however, and experienced pilots. India and Pakistan made disputed claims of losses in the air war.
1023:. The IAF lost almost ten aircraft on the ground at Pathankot, but the attacks on Adampur and Halwara were unsuccessful. The Adampur strike, led by S/L
686:
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1959:
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104 Indian aircraft and lost 19, and India claimed to have destroyed 73 Pakistani aircraft and lost 35 of its own. The air war ended in a stalemate.
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squadrons played a significant role in major air battles. On 21 September, IAF Canberras made a daylight strike in Pakistan on the radar complex in
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74 maintenance-intensive Shenyang F-6s. It could not replace losses to its (already weak) force of B-57s or acquire realistic numbers of modern
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The aerial phase of the war began on 1 September 1965, when the Indian Air Force (IAF) responded to an urgent call for air strikes against the
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2195:
1933:
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571:
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930:
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On 4 September, an F-86 Sabre was lost. The PAF said that the cause was friendly ground fire, but the IAF said that they shot it down.
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before we had completed more than about 270 degree of the turn, at around 12 degree per second, all four Hunters had been shot down.
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was also later reported. When the Indian aircraft were sighted, the Pakistan Air Force (PAF) scrambled two F-86 Sabres (flown by
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announced the capture of the younger Cariappa. General Ayub Khan contacted General Cariappa, who was retired in his hometown of
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1426:. By December 1971, the IAF had 36 squadrons (10 of which were deployed in the Bengal sector) and about 650 combat aircraft.
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3313:
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claimed to have shot down an F-86 Sabre on 3 September for the IAF's first air-combat victory of the war, and received the
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1980:
1921:
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reportedly shot down seven Indian aircraft (two of which were "probable". During a sortie on 7 September, five IAF
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3621:
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3538:
1282:
3310:
1699:
813:. The IAF's 45th Squadron was tasked with close air support of Indian troops. The squadron, recently moved from
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in 1947, that war was more limited in scale than the 1965 conflict; air operations had been largely confined to
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On 19 September, a Gnat and two Sabres were shot down over Chawinda. One of the Sabres was credited to S/L
951:
Bhatti had 34 combat missions, the most flown by any pilot during the war. According to Pakistani sources,
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324:
35-59 aircraft lost Thirteen IAF aircraft lost in accidents, and three Indian civilian aircraft shot down
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1536:
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Pakistani Sabre shot down in combat by an Indian Gnat in September 1965, seen from the Indian aircraft
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1937:
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D. P. Chinoy safely ejecting in Pakistan during the evening and walking back to safety at night.
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3185:
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missile was fired against an unidentified target believed to have been on a night mission above
3871:
3841:
3833:
3480:
3124:
3011:
2985:"Chronological Listing of Indian Air Force, Naval Air Force and related Losses & Ejections"
1900:
1768:
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1286:
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718:
493:
174:
2679:
1608:
1567:
806:
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3437:
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2779:
1787:
The United Nations Security Council and War: The Evolution of Thought and Practice since 1945
1732:
1725:
1423:
1233:
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952:
430:
98:
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1431:
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59 IAF, 43 PAF. Indian sources claim an additional 13 IAF aircraft were lost in accidents.
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802:
798:
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513:
465:
156:
1297:
8:
3813:
3266:"1965 war: We achieved air superiority in three days, says Air Force Marshal Arjan Singh"
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raided several Pakistani bases. A 10 September battle involved eight aeroplanes over the
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That day, the IAF mounted 33 sorties against the heavily guarded PAF airfield complex at
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3162:
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933:, who evaluated its flight performance and downplayed its effectiveness in a dogfight.
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1845:
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1614:
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1481:
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980:
845:
231:
2111:
1960:"1965 India-Pakistan war: How IAF's heroes slayed PAF's superior Sabre fighter jets"
1922:
https://idsa.in/system/files/jds/jds_9_3_2015_AirPowerinthe1965IndoPakistanWar_0.pdf
1201:
At one point, the IAF was operating 200 air missions simultaneously. Gnats from the
855:
3766:
3593:
2223:
2141:
1187:." The Gnat is credited by independent and Indian sources with shooting down seven
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864:
774:
740:
622:
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508:
435:
269:
118:
2358:"Re-birth of Pakistan's Record-holder Air Fighter as a New Man: Mohmammad M. Alam"
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2045:
2023:
2001:
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3358:, edited by Chris Bishop (Amber Publishing 1997, republished 2004, pages 384–387
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3317:
3131:
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2199:
1785:
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1147:
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1112:
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901:
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3311:
Group Captain Cecil Chaudhry, SJ – Chowk: India Pakistan Ideas Identities.com
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1040:
956:
900:; however, the Sabre made it back to the base. Its pilot, Khan, received the
889:
848:
834:
373:
54:
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sector. That evening, the PAF responded with attacks on Indian airfields at
3284:
Sabres Over MiG Alley: The F-86 and the Battle for Air Superiority in Korea
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992:
965:
944:
872:
766:
556:
63:
1153:
On 18 September, a Sabre was shot down by a Gnat over Amritsar piloted by
3212:
2802:"One Vs Four : The complete story of Alfred Cooke's epic air combat"
2376:
1414:
The 1965 war led India to refine its tactics, which were decisive in the
1341:
1224:
That day, a PAF F-104 intercepted a Canberra bomber on its way back from
1000:
246:
234:
1784:
Vaughan Lowe; Adam Roberts; Jennifer Welsh; Dominik Zaum, eds. (2010).
1419:
1104:
1099:, supply lines, wagons carrying ammunition, and armoured vehicles. IAF
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1024:
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969:
897:
826:
627:
145:
112:
1718:
1716:
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1027:, turned back before reaching Adampur; the Halwara strike, led by S/L
1480:(illustrated ed.). Turner Publishing Company. pp. 163–164.
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1225:
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926:
212:
74:
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Flight of the Falcon- Demolishing Myths of Indo Pak Wars 1965-1971
2438:"Falcon down: Why Pakistan is desperate to fake the F-16 dogfight"
1613:(illustrated, reprint ed.). PublicAffairs. pp. 286–287.
972:
footage of Alam's kills was made public by Pakistani authorities.
2545:
Cold War Jet Combat: Air-to-Air Jet Fighter Operations, 1950–1972
1020:
1016:
918:
822:
1749:
1627:
968:, also discredited Alam's claim about the sortie. No verifiable
1143:
1004:
922:
909:
2216:"PAF Falcons – The Glorious Seventeen Days September 1965 War"
2134:"PAF Falcons – The Glorious Seventeen Days September 1965 War"
1263:
List of aerial victories during the Indo-Pakistani war of 1965
939:
3217:
Leadership in the Indian Army: Biographies of Twelve Soldiers
1210:
1173:
1128:
1107:: two PAF F-86 Sabres (flown by S/L Muniruddin Ahmad and F/L
1089:
830:
810:
199:
1731:. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press. pp.
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Singh, Pushpindar; Rikhye, Ravi; Steinemann, Peter (1991),
2861:"The S-75 Dvina-India's first surface to air guided weapon"
1218:
859:
Wreckage of an IAF Vampire shot down by the PAF over Chhamb
814:
3042:"Fighter pilot says sorry to daughter of man he shot down"
2169:
825:
and the Pakistan Army's armoured thrust at Chhamb, on the
913:
forcing the Gnat down, and the Gnat is on display at the
3867:
Aerial operations and battles of the Indo-Pakistani wars
3125:"Indian Air Force Combat Kills, Indo Pakistan War 1965."
3009:
2902:
2165:
2163:
2161:
2159:
1839:
1213:. Under Wing Commander Peter Wilson, six Canberras from
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September, but no major aerial engagement was observed.
3431:
1981:"Air Power in the 1965 Indo-Pakistan War An Assessment"
2304:. Defencejournal.com. 6 September 1965. Archived from
3862:
Military operations of the Indo-Pakistani war of 1965
3329:
2510:. Lahore, Pakistan: Vanguard Books Pvt Ltd. pp.
2156:
1602:
1600:
1598:
1596:
1533:
Asymmetric Conflicts: War Initiation by Weaker Powers
1769:"The 1965 India-Pakistan War: IAF's Ground Reality".
1050:
According to Indian sources, the PAF parachuted 135
3320:. Chowk (9 December 2007). Retrieved on 2011-04-14.
1934:"Air Attack - Outbreak of the War (Sept 1st - 6th)"
1901:"The 1965 India-Pakistan War: IAF's Ground Reality"
1150:observation aircraft were also shot down that day.
2748:
2746:
2744:
2742:
2740:
2738:
2736:
2734:
2677:
2294:
1724:
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2110:. Defence Journal. September 1998. Archived from
1659:
1467:
3853:
3068:"Pak pilot says sorry for 1965 downing of plane"
3036:
3034:
863:The IAF withdrew about 130 Vampires and over 50
2731:
2583:
2581:
2579:
2577:
2575:
2573:
2571:
2569:
2567:
2565:
2935:. Smithsonian Institution Press. p. 107.
2776:"Indian Defence Awards : Maha Vir Chakra"
2591:. Air Combat Information Group. Archived from
2270:
2268:
1869:. Air Combat Information Group. Archived from
1722:
1473:
908:mistakenly landed at an abandoned airstrip in
403:
3609:
3417:
3031:
801:. The IAF quickly launched 26 aeroplanes (12
660:1999 Pakistan Breguet 1150 Atlantic shootdown
572:
389:
3356:The Encyclopedia of 20th Century Air Warfare
2613:
2562:
2469:by Jon Guttman, Aviation History, Sept 1998.
1758:. Tribuneindia.com. Retrieved on 2011-04-14.
809:) to blunt the Pakistan Army's offensive in
586:
3379:1965, IAF Claimed its First Air-to-Air Kill
2392:. Smithsonian Institution. pp. 66–68.
2265:
1894:
1892:
1890:
1888:
1840:Harkavy, Robert; Neuman, Stephanie (2001).
1251:was declared on the night of 22 September.
3759:
3424:
3410:
3277:
3275:
3060:
3010:Jagan Mohan, P.V.S; Chopra, Samir (2005).
2903:Jagan Mohan, P.V.S; Chopra, Samir (2005).
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1988:Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses
1819:. Taylor & Francis. pp. 805–806.
1530:
1296:. Please do not remove this message until
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565:
396:
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3333:Fiza'ya: psyche of the Pakistan Air Force
3156:
3154:
3152:
3140:
2705:
2607:
2481:Fiza ya, Psyche of the Pakistan Air Force
2068:"Group Captain Shrlkrishna Vishnu Phatak"
1316:Learn how and when to remove this message
1198:; two Gnats were downed by PAF fighters.
959:aircraft were shot down by Alam over the
27:Armed conflict between India and Pakistan
18:Aerial warfare in 1965 India Pakistan War
3187:Battle for Pakistan: the air war of 1965
2959:Battle for Pakistan: The Air War of 1965
2754:"Indian Air-to-Air Victories since 1948"
2617:Marshal Arjan Singh, DFC: life and times
2435:
2330:Battle for Pakistan: the air war of 1965
2248:Great Air Battles for Pakistan Air Force
2002:"Squadron Leader Aspi Kekobad Bhagwagar"
1885:
1693:
1691:
1689:
1501:
1499:
1497:
1474:Coggins, Edward V.; Coggins, Ed (2000).
1292:Relevant discussion may be found on the
974:
938:
871:The PAF's Sabres forced the IAF to send
854:
784:
3281:
3272:
3183:
3117:
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2930:
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2425:from the original on 27 September 2020.
2385:
2326:
2276:"PAKISTAN AIR FORCE – Official website"
1814:
1761:
1606:
1572:. Taylor & Francis. pp. 806–.
1565:
14:
3854:
3496:Cabinet Committee on National Security
3490:National Assembly Committee on Defence
3163:"The Kashmir War, 1965: Raid on Badin"
3149:
3090:
2541:
2503:
2460:
2244:
2024:"Flight Lieutenant Vijay Madhav Joshi"
1526:
1524:
1065:was killed, and received a posthumous
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3211:
2542:Bowman, Martin W. (30 January 2016).
2478:
2412:
1975:
1973:
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1697:
1686:
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560:
377:
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2684:. Lancer Publishers. pp. 138–.
2649:"The 1965 War: A view from the east"
2046:"Flight Lieutenant Satish Bharadwaj"
1817:Encyclopedia of the Developing World
1569:Encyclopedia of the developing world
1266:
1179:The F-86 was vulnerable against the
3384:
3096:
1844:. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 181.
1668:"Indian Air Force Losses -1965 War"
1635:"Official History of IAF in 65 War"
1521:
1228:and shot it down. Hunter pilot F/L
1157:; the incident was reported by the
1072:During the 7 September PAF raid on
773:flew a total of 2,364 sorties; the
24:
3013:The India-Pakistan air war of 1965
2933:F-86 Sabre: the operational record
2906:The India-Pakistan air war of 1965
2829:The India-Pakistan Air War of 1965
2711:
2413:Koshy, Rakesh (15 February 2014).
1970:
1864:
25:
3883:
3372:
3336:, Society for Aerospace Studies,
3160:
2448:from the original on 8 April 2019
2436:Krishnan, Rakesh (7 April 2019).
2360:. Yespakistan.com. Archived from
2108:"SQN LDR SARFARAZ AHMED RIAFIQUI"
1698:Osama, Athar (7 September 2007).
35:Indo-Pakistani aerial war of 1965
3825:
3824:
3432:
3099:"Sabre Killers: Keelor Brothers"
3074:. 10 August 2011. Archived from
2589:"Pakistani Air-to-Air Victories"
2170:Air Commodore M. Kaiser Tufail.
1903:. The Sunday Tribune, 6 May 2007
1271:
875:fighters to the forward base at
275:
262:
240:
225:
205:
192:
82:
73:
62:
53:
3349:
3323:
3304:
3258:
3244:. APH Publishing. p. 185.
3242:Air Power and Challenges to IAF
3233:
3205:
3177:
3003:
2977:
2949:
2924:
2896:
2871:
2853:
2794:
2768:
2641:
2535:
2497:
2483:. Himalayan Books. p. 30.
2472:
2429:
2406:
2350:
2320:
2302:"Alam's Speed-shooting Classic"
2238:
2208:
2186:
2126:
2100:
2082:
2060:
2038:
2016:
1994:
1952:
1926:
1915:
1867:"Indo-Pakistani War, 1947–1949"
1858:
1833:
1808:
1444:
3672:Strategic Plans Division Force
3165:. Air Combat Information Group
2987:. October 2013. Archived from
2879:"IAF defeated PAF in 1965 War"
2756:. Air Combat Information Group
2714:"IAF defeated PAF in 1965 War"
2415:"Thirty Seconds over Sargodha"
2389:Air Warfare in the Missile Age
1727:Air Warfare in the Missile Age
1700:"1965 War: A Different Legacy"
1039:for the Chhamb action and the
780:
108:F-86F Sabres returning to base
13:
1:
2712:Tiwary, Air Vice Marshal AK.
2251:. Deadly Stroke: Ferozesons.
2092:. August 2012. Archived from
1756:The Sunday Tribune – Spectrum
1531:Paul, T. V. (10 March 1994),
1461:
1422:system and a large number of
751:
3447:Military history of Pakistan
3381:documentary published by IAF
2620:. Ocean Books. p. 175.
2278:. Paf.gov.pk. Archived from
1607:Creveld, Martin Van (2012).
1507:"Indo-Pakistani War of 1965"
1031:, was impossible due to IAF
7:
3486:Senate Committee on Defence
2678:Pratap Chandra Lal (1986).
2205:Retrieved: 4 November 2010.
2090:"Tank Busting In The Chamb"
1842:Warfare and the Third World
1566:Leonard, Thomas M. (2006).
1298:conditions to do so are met
1047:returned from the pursuit.
1007:to relieve pressure on the
10:
3888:
3746:Pakistani Defence Industry
3632:National Command Authority
3474:Prime Minister of Pakistan
3137:Retrieved 4 November 2010.
2479:Singh, Pushpindar (1991).
1537:Cambridge University Press
1452:North American F-86 Sabres
1260:
1101:English Electric Canberras
885:Lockheed F-104 Starfighter
844:of the No. 5 Squadron and
737:Indo-Pakistani war of 1965
408:Indo-Pakistani war of 1965
334:110-113 aircraft destroyed
136:August – 23 September 1965
42:Indo-Pakistani war of 1965
3822:
3794:
3751:Defence Housing Authority
3738:
3680:
3654:
3576:
3537:
3509:
3501:National Security Council
3453:
3444:
3282:Werrell, Kenneth (2013).
2504:Haider, Sajad S. (2009).
2245:Tufail, M.Kaiser (2008).
1409:
1254:
979:Smoke rises from India's
915:Pakistan Air Force Museum
650:Bangladesh Liberation War
598:
417:
301:
288:
255:
218:
185:
128:
101:poses with his F-86 Sabre
47:
39:
34:
2931:Jackson, Robert (1994).
2386:Nordeen, Lon O. (2010).
1815:Leonard, Thomas (2006).
1723:O' Nordeen, Lon (1985).
1437:
590:Indo-Pakistani conflicts
366:43-73 aircraft destroyed
93:Clockwise from top left:
2832:. Manohar Books. 2005.
2718:Vol 22.1 Jan – Mar 2007
655:1959 Canberra shootdown
3688:Awards and decorations
3184:Fricker, John (1979).
2956:Fricker, John (1979).
2530:
2327:Fricker, John (1979).
2193:"1965 War, Chapter 3."
1899:Singh, Jasjit (2007).
1454:with Canadian engines.
1052:Special Services Group
1003:crossed the border at
996:
948:
860:
790:
219:Commanders and leaders
175:Status quo ante bellum
3539:Joint Chiefs of Staff
3464:President of Pakistan
3438:Pakistan Armed Forces
3288:Naval Institute Press
2883:Indian Defence Review
2681:My years with the IAF
2614:Ranbir Singh (2002).
2526:
1509:. Global Security.org
1155:Amar Jit Singh Sandhu
1097:soft-skinned vehicles
978:
953:Muhammad Mahmood Alam
942:
906:Brij Pal Singh Sikand
858:
803:de Havilland Vampires
788:
431:Operation Desert Hawk
302:Casualties and losses
3562:Chief of Naval Staff
3387:"Indo-Pakistan Wars"
3219:. SAGE. p. 45.
3105:on 27 September 2007
2467:Pakistan's Sabre Ace
2308:on 27 September 2011
2226:on 26 September 2012
2070:. Bharat-Rakshak.com
2048:. Bharat-Rakshak.com
2026:. Bharat-Rakshak.com
2004:. Bharat-Rakshak.com
1674:on 27 September 2013
1647:on 29 September 2012
1361:Independent sources
999:On 6 September, the
921:. It was flown from
807:Dassault Mystère IVs
799:Operation Grand Slam
777:flew 3,937 sorties.
761:, shortly after the
745:Pakistani Air Forces
542:Tashkent Declaration
157:Tashkent Declaration
3814:Bangladesh genocide
3782:Shaheen (Air Force)
3552:Chief of Army Staff
3460:Commander-in-Chief
3316:11 May 2005 at the
3146:Spick 2002, p. 161.
2991:on 22 December 2008
2595:on 21 December 2012
2364:on 17 November 2011
2203:bharat-rakshak.com.
2198:6 July 2013 at the
2172:"Run... It's a 104"
2114:on 9 September 2015
1966:. 6 September 2019.
1665:Bharat-Rakshak.com
1610:The Age of Airpower
1349:
1285:of this section is
163:-mandated ceasefire
3739:Business interests
3702:Ranks and insignia
3662:Civil Armed Forces
3557:Chief of Air Staff
3529:Defence Production
3240:Khan, J A (2004).
3213:Singh, Vijay Kumar
3130:2006-11-05 at the
3046:The Independent UK
2282:on 13 October 2011
2096:on 5 January 2013.
1772:The Sunday Tribune
1477:Wings That Stay on
1424:anit-aircraft guns
1389:20 PAF, 60–75 IAF
1348:
1159:District Collector
1121:president of India
1063:Ajamada B. Devayya
997:
949:
861:
791:
771:Pakistan Air Force
763:partition of India
283:Pakistan Air Force
3849:
3848:
3790:
3789:
3734:
3733:
3650:
3649:
3642:Armed Forces Band
3572:
3571:
3343:978-81-7002-038-7
3297:978-1-61251-344-7
3268:. 4 October 2015.
3251:978-81-7648-593-7
3226:978-0-7619-3322-9
3123:Rakshak, Bharat.
3097:Lalwani, Ramesh.
3078:on 19 August 2011
3023:978-81-7304-641-4
2962:. Ian Allan Ltd.
2916:978-81-7304-641-4
2691:978-81-7062-008-2
2627:978-81-88322-04-6
2555:978-1-4738-7462-6
2548:. Pen and Sword.
2399:978-1-58834-282-9
2182:on 19 March 2007.
1851:978-0-312-24012-7
1826:978-0-415-97663-3
1742:978-0-87474-680-8
1579:978-0-415-97663-3
1546:978-0-521-46621-9
1407:
1406:
1397:17 (+ 3 postwar)
1394:Aerial victories
1358:Pakistani claims
1326:
1325:
1318:
1043:for Halwara. F/L
1033:combat air patrol
981:Pathankot airbase
947:at the PAF Museum
797:(which had begun
759:First Kashmir War
732:
731:
666:Border skirmishes
554:
553:
549:
548:
372:
371:
181:
180:
16:(Redirected from
3879:
3828:
3827:
3757:
3756:
3699:
3698:
3622:Public Relations
3607:
3606:
3507:
3506:
3470:Chief Executive
3436:
3426:
3419:
3412:
3403:
3402:
3398:
3393:, archived from
3385:Ganguly, Sumit,
3367:
3353:
3347:
3346:
3327:
3321:
3308:
3302:
3301:
3279:
3270:
3269:
3262:
3256:
3255:
3237:
3231:
3230:
3209:
3203:
3201:
3181:
3175:
3174:
3172:
3170:
3158:
3147:
3144:
3138:
3121:
3115:
3114:
3112:
3110:
3101:. Archived from
3094:
3088:
3087:
3085:
3083:
3064:
3058:
3057:
3055:
3053:
3048:. 12 August 2011
3038:
3029:
3027:
3007:
3001:
3000:
2998:
2996:
2981:
2975:
2973:
2953:
2947:
2946:
2928:
2922:
2920:
2900:
2894:
2893:
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2889:
2875:
2869:
2868:
2857:
2851:
2850:
2848:
2846:
2824:
2818:
2817:
2815:
2813:
2808:on 22 April 2017
2804:. Archived from
2798:
2792:
2791:
2789:
2787:
2778:. Archived from
2772:
2766:
2765:
2763:
2761:
2750:
2729:
2728:
2726:
2724:
2709:
2703:
2702:
2700:
2698:
2675:
2664:
2663:
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2659:
2645:
2639:
2638:
2636:
2634:
2611:
2605:
2604:
2602:
2600:
2585:
2560:
2559:
2539:
2533:
2532:
2501:
2495:
2494:
2476:
2470:
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2457:
2455:
2453:
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2427:
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2410:
2404:
2403:
2383:
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2373:
2371:
2369:
2354:
2348:
2347:
2324:
2318:
2317:
2315:
2313:
2298:
2292:
2291:
2289:
2287:
2272:
2263:
2262:
2242:
2236:
2235:
2233:
2231:
2222:. Archived from
2212:
2206:
2190:
2184:
2183:
2178:. Archived from
2167:
2154:
2153:
2151:
2149:
2140:. Archived from
2130:
2124:
2123:
2121:
2119:
2104:
2098:
2097:
2086:
2080:
2079:
2077:
2075:
2064:
2058:
2057:
2055:
2053:
2042:
2036:
2035:
2033:
2031:
2020:
2014:
2013:
2011:
2009:
1998:
1992:
1991:
1985:
1977:
1968:
1967:
1956:
1950:
1949:
1947:
1945:
1936:. Archived from
1930:
1924:
1919:
1913:
1912:
1910:
1908:
1896:
1883:
1882:
1880:
1878:
1862:
1856:
1855:
1837:
1831:
1830:
1812:
1806:
1805:
1781:
1775:
1765:
1759:
1753:
1747:
1746:
1730:
1720:
1711:
1710:
1708:
1706:
1695:
1684:
1683:
1681:
1679:
1670:. Archived from
1663:
1657:
1656:
1654:
1652:
1646:
1640:. Archived from
1639:
1631:
1625:
1624:
1604:
1591:
1590:
1588:
1586:
1563:
1550:
1549:
1528:
1519:
1518:
1516:
1514:
1503:
1492:
1491:
1471:
1455:
1448:
1386:19 PAF, 104 IAF
1350:
1347:
1321:
1314:
1310:
1307:
1301:
1275:
1274:
1267:
961:Sargodha airbase
775:Indian Air Force
633:2001–02 standoff
623:Siachen conflict
602:Kashmir conflict
593:
591:
581:
574:
567:
558:
557:
420:
419:
412:
411:
409:
398:
391:
384:
375:
374:
356:19 aircraft lost
281:
279:
278:
270:Indian Air Force
268:
266:
265:
245:
244:
243:
230:
229:
228:
211:
209:
208:
198:
196:
195:
130:
129:
121:Folland Gnat F.1
86:
77:
66:
57:
32:
31:
21:
3887:
3886:
3882:
3881:
3880:
3878:
3877:
3876:
3852:
3851:
3850:
3845:
3818:
3786:
3755:
3730:
3697:
3676:
3646:
3637:Nursing Service
3627:Selection Board
3605:
3568:
3533:
3505:
3449:
3440:
3430:
3375:
3370:
3354:
3350:
3344:
3328:
3324:
3318:Wayback Machine
3309:
3305:
3298:
3290:. p. 188.
3280:
3273:
3264:
3263:
3259:
3252:
3238:
3234:
3227:
3210:
3206:
3198:
3182:
3178:
3168:
3166:
3161:Gupta, Aditya.
3159:
3150:
3145:
3141:
3132:Wayback Machine
3122:
3118:
3108:
3106:
3095:
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2706:
2696:
2694:
2692:
2676:
2667:
2657:
2655:
2647:
2646:
2642:
2632:
2630:
2628:
2612:
2608:
2598:
2596:
2587:
2586:
2563:
2556:
2540:
2536:
2522:
2502:
2498:
2491:
2477:
2473:
2465:
2461:
2451:
2449:
2434:
2430:
2411:
2407:
2400:
2384:
2377:
2367:
2365:
2356:
2355:
2351:
2341:
2325:
2321:
2311:
2309:
2300:
2299:
2295:
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2283:
2274:
2273:
2266:
2259:
2243:
2239:
2229:
2227:
2214:
2213:
2209:
2200:Wayback Machine
2191:
2187:
2168:
2157:
2147:
2145:
2132:
2131:
2127:
2117:
2115:
2106:
2105:
2101:
2088:
2087:
2083:
2073:
2071:
2066:
2065:
2061:
2051:
2049:
2044:
2043:
2039:
2029:
2027:
2022:
2021:
2017:
2007:
2005:
2000:
1999:
1995:
1983:
1979:
1978:
1971:
1958:
1957:
1953:
1943:
1941:
1932:
1931:
1927:
1920:
1916:
1906:
1904:
1897:
1886:
1876:
1874:
1873:on 13 June 2006
1863:
1859:
1852:
1838:
1834:
1827:
1813:
1809:
1798:
1782:
1778:
1767:Singh, Jasjit.
1766:
1762:
1754:
1750:
1743:
1721:
1714:
1704:
1702:
1696:
1687:
1677:
1675:
1666:
1664:
1660:
1650:
1648:
1644:
1637:
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1632:
1628:
1621:
1605:
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1584:
1582:
1580:
1564:
1553:
1547:
1529:
1522:
1512:
1510:
1505:
1504:
1495:
1488:
1472:
1468:
1464:
1459:
1458:
1449:
1445:
1440:
1412:
1369:4,073+ sorties
1322:
1311:
1305:
1302:
1291:
1276:
1272:
1265:
1257:
1215:No. 16 Squadron
1192:Canadair Sabres
1067:Maha Vir Chakra
989:No. 19 Squadron
894:No. 23 Squadron
842:Sarfraz Rafiqui
783:
754:
733:
728:
644:Other conflicts
594:
589:
587:
585:
555:
550:
413:
407:
405:
404:
402:
351:Pakistani claim
329:Pakistani claim
276:
274:
263:
261:
241:
239:
226:
224:
206:
204:
193:
191:
169:
148:
124:
91:
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69:
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67:
59:
58:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3885:
3875:
3874:
3869:
3864:
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3820:
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3806:
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3754:
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3736:
3735:
3732:
3731:
3729:
3728:
3723:
3722:
3721:
3711:
3705:
3703:
3696:
3695:
3690:
3684:
3682:
3678:
3677:
3675:
3674:
3669:
3667:National Guard
3664:
3658:
3656:
3652:
3651:
3648:
3647:
3645:
3644:
3639:
3634:
3629:
3624:
3619:
3613:
3611:
3610:Inter-Services
3604:
3603:
3598:
3597:
3596:
3586:
3580:
3578:
3574:
3573:
3570:
3569:
3567:
3566:
3565:
3564:
3559:
3554:
3543:
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3513:
3511:
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3498:
3493:
3492:
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3488:
3478:
3477:
3476:
3468:
3467:
3466:
3457:
3455:
3451:
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3445:
3442:
3441:
3429:
3428:
3421:
3414:
3406:
3400:
3399:
3397:on 24 May 2024
3382:
3374:
3373:External links
3371:
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2895:
2870:
2865:Bharat rakshak
2852:
2838:
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2793:
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2606:
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2520:
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2471:
2459:
2442:Business Today
2428:
2419:Bharat Rakshak
2405:
2398:
2375:
2349:
2339:
2319:
2293:
2264:
2257:
2237:
2220:paffalcons.com
2207:
2185:
2155:
2144:on 5 June 2012
2138:paffalcons.com
2125:
2099:
2081:
2059:
2037:
2015:
1993:
1969:
1951:
1940:on 6 July 2013
1925:
1914:
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1545:
1520:
1493:
1486:
1465:
1463:
1460:
1457:
1456:
1450:Licence-built
1442:
1441:
1439:
1436:
1420:SA-2 Guideline
1411:
1408:
1405:
1404:
1401:
1398:
1395:
1391:
1390:
1387:
1384:
1381:
1380:Aircraft lost
1377:
1376:
1373:
1372:2,279 sorties
1370:
1367:
1366:Combat flying
1363:
1362:
1359:
1356:
1355:Indian claims
1353:
1324:
1323:
1279:
1277:
1270:
1256:
1253:
1241:Radio Pakistan
1237:K. M. Cariappa
1230:K. C. Cariappa
1217:took off from
1045:Cecil Chaudhry
1037:Sitara-e-Jurat
1029:Sarfraz Rafiqi
902:Sitara-e-Jurat
881:Yusaf Ali Khan
795:Pakistani Army
782:
779:
753:
750:
730:
729:
727:
726:
721:
716:
705:
704:
699:
694:
689:
684:
679:
674:
663:
662:
657:
652:
641:
640:
635:
630:
625:
620:
615:
610:
608:War of 1947–48
599:
596:
595:
584:
583:
576:
569:
561:
552:
551:
547:
546:
545:
544:
539:
538:
537:
535:8-Pass Charlie
524:
523:
519:
518:
517:
516:
511:
506:
501:
496:
491:
483:
482:
478:
477:
476:
475:
470:
463:
453:
452:
448:
447:
446:
445:
440:
433:
425:
424:
418:
415:
414:
401:
400:
393:
386:
378:
370:
369:
368:
367:
358:
357:
348:
347:
337:
336:
335:
326:
325:
316:
315:
314:60–75 aircraft
304:
303:
299:
298:
295:
291:
290:
286:
285:
272:
258:
257:
256:Units involved
253:
252:
237:
221:
220:
216:
215:
202:
188:
187:
183:
182:
179:
178:
171:
165:
164:
161:United Nations
154:
150:
149:
144:
142:
138:
137:
134:
126:
125:
123:
122:
116:
111:Commemorative
109:
102:
95:
81:
80:
72:
71:
70:
61:
60:
52:
51:
50:
49:
48:
45:
44:
37:
36:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3884:
3873:
3872:Air campaigns
3870:
3868:
3865:
3863:
3860:
3859:
3857:
3843:
3839:
3835:
3831:
3821:
3815:
3812:
3810:
3807:
3805:
3804:Establishment
3802:
3801:
3799:
3797:
3793:
3783:
3780:
3778:
3777:Bahria (Navy)
3775:
3773:
3772:Askari (Army)
3770:
3768:
3767:Fauji (Joint)
3765:
3764:
3762:
3758:
3752:
3749:
3747:
3744:
3743:
3741:
3737:
3727:
3724:
3720:
3717:
3716:
3715:
3712:
3710:
3707:
3706:
3704:
3700:
3694:
3691:
3689:
3686:
3685:
3683:
3679:
3673:
3670:
3668:
3665:
3663:
3660:
3659:
3657:
3653:
3643:
3640:
3638:
3635:
3633:
3630:
3628:
3625:
3623:
3620:
3618:
3615:
3614:
3612:
3608:
3602:
3599:
3595:
3592:
3591:
3590:
3587:
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3579:
3575:
3563:
3560:
3558:
3555:
3553:
3550:
3549:
3548:
3545:
3544:
3542:
3540:
3536:
3530:
3527:
3523:
3520:
3519:
3518:
3515:
3514:
3512:
3508:
3502:
3499:
3497:
3494:
3489:
3487:
3484:
3483:
3482:
3479:
3475:
3472:
3471:
3469:
3465:
3462:
3461:
3459:
3458:
3456:
3452:
3448:
3443:
3439:
3435:
3427:
3422:
3420:
3415:
3413:
3408:
3407:
3404:
3396:
3392:
3388:
3383:
3380:
3377:
3376:
3365:
3364:1-904687-26-1
3361:
3357:
3352:
3345:
3339:
3335:
3334:
3326:
3319:
3315:
3312:
3307:
3299:
3293:
3289:
3285:
3278:
3276:
3267:
3261:
3253:
3247:
3243:
3236:
3228:
3222:
3218:
3214:
3208:
3199:
3197:9788173046414
3193:
3189:
3188:
3180:
3164:
3157:
3155:
3153:
3143:
3136:
3133:
3129:
3126:
3120:
3104:
3100:
3093:
3077:
3073:
3069:
3063:
3047:
3043:
3037:
3035:
3028:pages=257–259
3025:
3019:
3015:
3014:
3006:
2990:
2986:
2980:
2971:
2969:9780711009295
2965:
2961:
2960:
2952:
2944:
2942:9781560985310
2938:
2934:
2927:
2921:pages=240–241
2918:
2912:
2908:
2907:
2899:
2884:
2880:
2874:
2866:
2862:
2856:
2841:
2839:9788173046414
2835:
2831:
2830:
2823:
2807:
2803:
2797:
2782:on 2 May 2009
2781:
2777:
2771:
2755:
2749:
2747:
2745:
2743:
2741:
2739:
2737:
2735:
2719:
2715:
2708:
2693:
2687:
2683:
2682:
2674:
2672:
2670:
2654:
2650:
2644:
2629:
2623:
2619:
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2610:
2594:
2590:
2584:
2582:
2580:
2578:
2576:
2574:
2572:
2570:
2568:
2566:
2557:
2551:
2547:
2546:
2538:
2531:
2529:
2523:
2521:9789694025261
2517:
2513:
2509:
2508:
2500:
2492:
2490:81-7002-038-7
2486:
2482:
2475:
2468:
2463:
2447:
2443:
2439:
2432:
2424:
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2416:
2409:
2401:
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2380:
2363:
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2353:
2346:
2342:
2340:9780711009295
2336:
2332:
2331:
2323:
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2303:
2297:
2281:
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2269:
2260:
2258:9789690018922
2254:
2250:
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2241:
2225:
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2211:
2204:
2201:
2197:
2194:
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2177:
2173:
2166:
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2162:
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2143:
2139:
2135:
2129:
2113:
2109:
2103:
2095:
2091:
2085:
2069:
2063:
2047:
2041:
2025:
2019:
2003:
1997:
1989:
1982:
1976:
1974:
1965:
1961:
1955:
1939:
1935:
1929:
1923:
1918:
1902:
1895:
1893:
1891:
1889:
1872:
1868:
1865:Cooper, Tom.
1861:
1853:
1847:
1843:
1836:
1828:
1822:
1818:
1811:
1804:
1799:
1797:9780191614934
1793:
1789:
1788:
1780:
1774:, 6 May 2007.
1773:
1770:
1764:
1757:
1752:
1744:
1738:
1734:
1729:
1728:
1719:
1717:
1701:
1694:
1692:
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1673:
1669:
1662:
1643:
1636:
1630:
1622:
1620:9781610391085
1616:
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1534:
1527:
1525:
1508:
1502:
1500:
1498:
1489:
1487:9781563115684
1483:
1479:
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1320:
1317:
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1284:
1278:
1269:
1268:
1264:
1259:
1252:
1250:
1246:
1242:
1238:
1235:
1234:Field Marshal
1231:
1227:
1222:
1220:
1216:
1212:
1208:
1204:
1199:
1197:
1193:
1190:
1186:
1183:, nicknamed "
1182:
1177:
1175:
1171:
1170:Denzil Keelor
1166:
1164:
1160:
1156:
1151:
1149:
1145:
1140:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1126:
1122:
1116:
1114:
1110:
1109:Imtiaz Bhatti
1106:
1102:
1098:
1093:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1076:, Indian F/L
1075:
1070:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1055:
1053:
1048:
1046:
1042:
1041:Hilal-i-Jurat
1038:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1022:
1018:
1014:
1010:
1009:Chamb Jaurian
1006:
1002:
994:
990:
987:by the PAF's
986:
982:
977:
973:
971:
967:
962:
958:
957:Hawker Hunter
954:
946:
941:
937:
934:
932:
928:
924:
920:
916:
911:
907:
903:
899:
895:
891:
890:Trevor Keelor
886:
882:
878:
874:
869:
866:
857:
853:
850:
849:Imtiaz Bhatti
847:
843:
840:
836:
835:friendly fire
832:
828:
824:
820:
816:
812:
808:
804:
800:
796:
787:
778:
776:
772:
768:
764:
760:
749:
746:
742:
738:
725:
722:
720:
717:
715:
712:
711:
710:
709:
703:
700:
698:
695:
693:
690:
688:
685:
683:
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678:
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673:
670:
669:
668:
667:
661:
658:
656:
653:
651:
648:
647:
646:
645:
639:
638:2008 standoff
636:
634:
631:
629:
626:
624:
621:
619:
616:
614:
611:
609:
606:
605:
604:
603:
597:
592:
582:
577:
575:
570:
568:
563:
562:
559:
543:
540:
536:
533:
532:
531:
528:
527:
526:
525:
521:
520:
515:
512:
510:
507:
505:
502:
500:
497:
495:
492:
490:
487:
486:
485:
484:
480:
479:
474:
473:Haji Pir Pass
471:
469:
468:
464:
462:
461:
457:
456:
455:
454:
451:Kashmir Front
450:
449:
444:
441:
439:
438:
434:
432:
429:
428:
427:
426:
422:
421:
416:
410:
399:
394:
392:
387:
385:
380:
379:
376:
365:
364:
363:
362:
355:
354:
353:
352:
345:
344:
343:
342:
341:Neutral claim
338:
333:
332:
331:
330:
323:
322:
321:
320:
319:Indian claims
313:
312:
311:
310:
309:Neutral claim
306:
305:
300:
296:
294:700+ aircraft
293:
292:
287:
284:
273:
271:
260:
259:
254:
251:
248:
238:
236:
233:
223:
222:
217:
214:
203:
201:
190:
189:
184:
177:
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167:
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158:
155:
152:
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147:
143:
140:
139:
135:
132:
131:
127:
120:
117:
114:
110:
107:
104:Formation of
103:
100:
97:
96:
94:
85:
76:
65:
56:
46:
43:
38:
33:
30:
19:
3809:Gang of Four
3655:Paramilitary
3617:Intelligence
3395:the original
3390:
3355:
3351:
3332:
3325:
3306:
3283:
3260:
3241:
3235:
3216:
3207:
3190:. I. Allan.
3186:
3179:
3167:. Retrieved
3142:
3134:
3119:
3107:. Retrieved
3103:the original
3092:
3080:. Retrieved
3076:the original
3071:
3062:
3050:. Retrieved
3045:
3012:
3005:
2993:. Retrieved
2989:the original
2979:
2958:
2951:
2932:
2926:
2905:
2898:
2888:17 September
2886:. Retrieved
2882:
2873:
2864:
2855:
2843:. Retrieved
2828:
2822:
2810:. Retrieved
2806:the original
2796:
2784:. Retrieved
2780:the original
2770:
2758:. Retrieved
2721:. Retrieved
2717:
2707:
2695:. Retrieved
2680:
2656:. Retrieved
2652:
2643:
2631:. Retrieved
2616:
2609:
2597:. Retrieved
2593:the original
2544:
2537:
2527:
2525:
2506:
2499:
2480:
2474:
2466:
2462:
2450:. Retrieved
2441:
2431:
2418:
2408:
2388:
2366:. Retrieved
2362:the original
2352:
2344:
2333:. I. Allan.
2329:
2322:
2310:. Retrieved
2306:the original
2296:
2284:. Retrieved
2280:the original
2247:
2240:
2228:. Retrieved
2224:the original
2219:
2210:
2202:
2188:
2180:the original
2175:
2146:. Retrieved
2142:the original
2137:
2128:
2118:10 September
2116:. Retrieved
2112:the original
2102:
2094:the original
2084:
2074:21 September
2072:. Retrieved
2062:
2052:21 September
2050:. Retrieved
2040:
2030:21 September
2028:. Retrieved
2018:
2008:21 September
2006:. Retrieved
1996:
1987:
1963:
1954:
1942:. Retrieved
1938:the original
1928:
1917:
1905:. Retrieved
1875:. Retrieved
1871:the original
1860:
1841:
1835:
1816:
1810:
1801:
1786:
1779:
1771:
1763:
1751:
1726:
1703:. Retrieved
1676:. Retrieved
1672:the original
1661:
1649:. Retrieved
1642:the original
1629:
1609:
1583:. Retrieved
1568:
1532:
1511:. Retrieved
1476:
1469:
1446:
1432:interceptors
1428:
1413:
1340:IAF Marshal
1339:
1331:
1327:
1312:
1303:
1281:
1258:
1223:
1200:
1185:Sabre Slayer
1181:Folland Gnat
1178:
1176:, Pakistan.
1167:
1152:
1141:
1117:
1094:
1071:
1056:
1049:
998:
993:Sajad Haider
966:Sajad Haider
950:
945:Folland Gnat
935:
873:Folland Gnat
870:
862:
792:
767:interdiction
755:
734:
724:J&K 2019
719:Balakot 2019
707:
706:
665:
664:
643:
642:
600:
481:Punjab Front
466:
459:
436:
361:Indian claim
360:
359:
350:
349:
340:
339:
328:
327:
318:
317:
308:
307:
297:280 aircraft
186:Belligerents
173:
92:
40:Part of the
29:
3760:Foundations
3391:MSN Encarta
3082:21 November
3052:21 November
3016:. Manohar.
2909:. Manohar.
2723:21 November
2697:22 November
2658:21 November
2653:Rediff news
2633:21 November
2452:18 December
2368:21 December
2312:15 November
2286:16 November
2230:11 February
2148:11 February
1964:ThePrint.in
1678:11 February
1342:Arjan Singh
1163:Balwant Rai
1078:A. T. Cooke
1001:Indian Army
781:Main battle
735:During the
618:War of 1971
613:War of 1965
346:20 aircraft
235:Arjan Singh
168:Territorial
3856:Categories
3830:Categories
3481:Parliament
3454:Leadership
2995:27 October
1462:References
1283:neutrality
1261:See also:
1105:River Beas
1082:S-75 Dvina
1074:Kalaikunda
1025:M. M. Alam
985:airstrikes
970:gun camera
931:Saad Hatmi
898:Vir Chakra
827:Tawi River
752:Background
628:Kargil War
514:Asal Uttar
467:Grand Slam
146:South Asia
113:India Post
3838:Air Force
3796:Criticism
3726:Air Force
3681:Personnel
3601:Air Force
3522:Secretary
3510:Ministers
2176:Jang News
1335:Pathankot
1294:talk page
1249:ceasefire
1232:, son of
1189:Pakistani
1133:Gurdaspur
1086:Ghaziabad
1013:Pathankot
877:Pathankot
819:Pathankot
460:Gibraltar
443:Rajasthan
99:M.M. Alam
3577:Services
3547:Chairman
3314:Archived
3215:(2005).
3202:page=130
3135:History.
3128:Archived
3072:Zee News
2974:page=150
2812:30 April
2446:Archived
2423:Archived
2196:Archived
1944:16 March
1585:14 April
1416:1971 war
1403: –
1306:May 2020
1287:disputed
1226:Sargodha
1196:1965 war
1137:Amritsar
1125:Peshawar
1059:Sargodha
927:Sargodha
865:Ouragons
714:LoC 2016
504:Chawinda
499:Phillora
289:Strength
250:Nur Khan
213:Pakistan
141:Location
3719:Marines
3594:Marines
3517:Defence
3169:10 June
3109:10 June
2786:10 June
2760:10 June
2599:10 June
1907:10 June
1877:10 June
1790:. OUP.
1705:10 June
1651:27 July
1513:10 June
1245:Mercara
1194:in the
1146:and an
1021:Halwara
1017:Adampur
991:led by
983:during
929:by S/L
919:Karachi
823:Akhnoor
805:and 14
708:Strikes
697:2020–21
687:2016–18
682:2014–15
530:Air War
494:Ichogil
423:Gujarat
170:changes
3362:
3340:
3294:
3248:
3223:
3194:
3020:
2966:
2939:
2913:
2845:3 July
2836:
2688:
2624:
2552:
2518:
2487:
2396:
2337:
2255:
1848:
1823:
1794:
1739:
1617:
1576:
1543:
1484:
1410:Legacy
1255:Losses
1148:Auster
1144:Cessna
1113:Fg Off
1088:(near
1005:Lahore
923:Pasrur
910:Pasrur
811:Chhamb
741:Indian
739:, the
509:Dograi
437:Dwarka
280:
267:
210:
197:
153:Result
3693:Women
1984:(PDF)
1803:1949)
1733:84–87
1645:(PDF)
1638:(PDF)
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