407:
with them to retire to the hoplites. But the
Illyrians, being on higher ground, and charging down on from it upon the Aetolian trrops formed up on the plain, routed them without difficulty. The Medionians joined the action by sallying out of the town and charging the Aetolians, thus, after killing a great number, and taking a still greater number prisoners, and becoming masters also of their arms and baggage, the Illyrians, having carried out the orders of Agron, conveyed their baggage and the rest of their booty to their boats and immediately set sail for their own country.
2642:
303:. Polybius wrote of him as "Agron, king of the Illyrians, was the son of Pleuratus, and possessed the most powerful force, both by land and sea, of any of the kings who had reigned in Illyria before him." The fact that he was mentioned as the son of another ruler indicates that Agron was a successor who managed to expand the power inherited from his ancestors.
436:, threatened by Agron, by sending envoys. They never got there. They were attacked en route by Illyrian vessels, and one of them was killed, together with an Issaean ambassador. Rome thereupon undertook military action against Agron's wife, Teuta, Agron having died in the interim. His son, Pinnes, succeeded him and ruled
406:
they hastened to occupy some rising ground in front of their camp, which nature had made easily defensible. A single charge, however, of the
Illyrians, whose numbers and close order gave them irresistible weight, served to dislodge the light-armed troops, and forced the cavalry who were on the ground
397:
lines. The latter were overwhelmed with astonishment at the unexpected nature and boldness of the move; but they had long been inspired with overweening self-confidence, and having full reliance on their own forces were far from being dismayed. They drew up the greater part of their
392:
One hundred lembi with 5000 men on board sailed up to land at Medion. Dropping anchor at daybreak, they disembarked speedily and in secret. They then formed up in the order that was usual in their own country, and advanced in their several companies against the
620:
Edwards, Iorwerth Eiddon
Stephen; Gadd, C. J.; Hammond, Nicholas Geoffrey Lemprière; Seltman, Charles Theodore; Boardman, John; Bury, John Bagnell; Cook, Stanley Arthur; Adcock, Frank Ezra; Charlesworth, M. P.; Walbank, F. W.; Ling, Roger; Astin, A. E. (1977).
419:. Agron was beside himself with delight when his ships returned and he learned of the victory from his commanders. Agron then drank so much by way of celebration, it was reported, that this and other similar indulgences, brought on an attack of
338:
and
Korkyra. During his reign, the Ardiaean state reached the height of its power. The Ardiaean army and fleet made it a major regional power in the Balkans and the southern Adriatic. Agron gained control of the Adriatic with his warships
1820:
388:
Leagues. In response, the king brought Agron into the conflict. The
Illyrian attack under Agron, mounted in either 232 or 231 BC, is described by Polybius:
1569:
448:) for thirteen years. Tritueta was Agron's first wife and the mother of Pinnes. Agron divorced her. Agron's second wife was Queen Teuta, who acted as
1529:
432:) on the coast of Illyria were systematically attacked and perhaps already conquered by Agron's forces. Rome answered an appeal from the island of
1790:
1778:
2676:
1713:
1903:
356:
In 234 BC, the royal succession in Epirus came to an end, and a federal republic was instituted. In the south, the western part of
360:
seceded from this arrangement. Their independence was soon threatened by the
Aetolians, who began to occupy territory around the
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and cavalry in front of their own lines on the level ground, and with a portion of their cavalry and their light
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271:, officially succeeded his father as king in 231 BC, but the kingdom was ruled by Agron's second wife, Queen
263:
League, a state in western Greece. Around 231 BC, Agron suddenly died after his triumph over the
Aetolians.
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666:
Epirus: The
Geography, the Ancient Remains, the History and Topography of Epirus and Adjacent Areas
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Agron extended his rule over other neighboring tribes as well. He annexed part of Epirus,
8:
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232:, Agron succeeded in reconquering southern Illyria, which had been under the control of
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349:. None of his neighbors were nearly as powerful. Agron gave the city of Pharos to
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The
Cambridge Ancient History: Rome and the Mediterranean to 133 B.C., Volume 8
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241:
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144:
57:
2017:
2022:
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1343:
1218:
1183:
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602:Épire, Illyrie, Macédoine: Mélanges offerts au Professeur Pierre Cabanes
599:
Berranger, Danièle; Cabanes, Pierre; Berranger-Auserve, Danièle (2007).
563:
The
Hellenistic world and the coming of Rome, Volume 1 by Erich S. Gruen
423:
which killed him within a few days. Agron died in the winter of 231 BC.
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The defeat of the Aetolians, famed for their victory over the invading
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Hammond, Nicholas Geoffrey Lemprière; Walbank, F. W. (1988).
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19:
This article is about the Illyrian king. For other uses, see
866:
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1887:
498:
323:
319:
173:
197:
619:
380:, who for the most of his reign had been at war with the
368:, which forced the Epirotes to establish a new center at
240:, and in extending Illyrian rule over many cities in the
188:
185:
167:
164:
677:
Studies concerning Epirus and Macedonia before Alexander
706:] (in Bosnian). Sarajevo: Univerzitet u Sarajevu .
799:
Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology
546:
Wilkes, John (1995). The Illyrians. Wiley-Blackwell.
474:
200:
191:
176:
486:
326:), and garrisoned in them. His state stretched from
259:He is most famed for his decisive victory over the
194:
170:
182:
161:
2658:
624:The Cambridge Ancient History, Volume 7, Issue 1
645:A History of Macedonia: Volume III: 336-167 B.C
721:Šašel Kos, Marjeta (2014). "Agron, Illyrian".
694:
641:
504:
882:
674:Hammond, Nicholas Geoffrey Lemprière (1993).
663:Hammond, Nicholas Geoffrey Lemprière (1967).
283:Agron was mentioned by two Greek historians,
415:a generation before, caused a sensation in
889:
875:
801:, ed. by William Smith (1870), pp. 82–83.
720:
510:
492:
376:, the Acarnanians sought assistance from
673:
662:
605:. Presses Universitaire Blaise Pascal.
516:
480:
2659:
768:
747:
870:
577:
345:), a domination once enjoyed by the
723:The Encyclopedia of Ancient History
13:
791:
364:, including Pyrrhus' old capital,
14:
2693:
2677:3rd-century BC monarchs in Europe
2582:Prehistory of Southeastern Europe
2641:
2640:
731:10.1002/9781444338386.wbeah09015
648:. Oxford University Press, USA.
157:
570:
2155:Albanian traditional tattooing
2042:Central Bosnian cultural group
627:. Cambridge University Press.
584:. Cambridge University Press.
557:
540:
531:
522:
267:, his son with his first wife
224:in the 3rd century BC, ruling
1:
2346:Battle of Dyrrhachium (48 BC)
896:
537:Hammond 1967, pp. 591 and 595
467:
225:
7:
2274:Alexander's Balkan campaign
2269:Illyrian invasion of Epirus
754:. Routledge & K. Paul.
455:
10:
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505:Mesihović & Šačić 2015
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213:
18:
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908:
904:
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843:
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462:List of rulers of Illyria
378:Demetrius II of Macedonia
353:to rule as its governor.
140:
130:
118:
104:
94:
90:
63:
53:
45:
40:
33:
28:
2565:Origin of the Albanians
2286:Dardanian–Bastarnic war
228:250–231 BC. The son of
2577:History of the Balkans
2291:Invasions of Epidamnus
2176:Religion and mythology
698:; Šačić, Amra (2015).
409:
21:Agron (disambiguation)
2301:Roman-Macedonian wars
2067:Glasinac-Mati culture
1704:Dyrrhachium/Epidamnus
1299:Glaucias of Taulantii
1269:Eleutherius and Antia
1234:Constantine the Great
769:Wilkes, John (1995).
748:Wilkes, John (1969).
578:Astin, A. E. (1998).
452:after Agron's death.
390:
310:, and the islands of
2336:Roman–Dalmatian wars
2077:Monte Saraceno woman
1144:Anastasius I Dicorus
845:King of the Ardiaei
704:History of Illyrians
297:(203–120 BC) in his
2424:Proposed vocabulary
2072:Gradistë belt-plate
1374:Peter the Patrician
1324:Irenaeus of Sirmium
1259:Demetrius of Pharos
1239:Constantius Chlorus
1194:Bato the Daesitiate
775:. Wiley-Blackwell.
725:. Wiley-Blackwell.
696:Mesihović, Salmedin
351:Demetrius of Pharos
334:south to the river
287:(95–165 AD) in his
2341:Caesar's civil war
1975:Tragurion (Trogir)
1575:Aspalathos (Split)
1516:cities/settlements
1453:Political entities
1319:Gratianus Funarius
669:. Clarendon Press.
426:The Greek cities (
244:region, including
236:since the time of
2682:Roman-era pirates
2654:
2653:
2590:
2589:
2570:Albanian paganism
2537:Pannonia Superior
2517:Pannonia Inferior
2444:Illyrian emperors
2296:Illyro-Roman Wars
1743:Iader or Idassa (
1354:Marcellinus Comes
1189:Bato the Breucian
1149:Artas of Messapia
865:
864:
851:Succeeded by
848:250–231 BC
810:Agron of Illyria
740:978-1-4443-3838-6
713:978-9958-600-65-4
612:978-2-84516-351-5
150:
149:
2689:
2644:
2643:
2532:Pannonia Secunda
2137:Trebeništa masks
2117:Spectacle brooch
1960:Scodra (Shkodër)
1940:Scampa (Elbasan)
1656:Dardana Fortress
1525:Acruvium (Kotor)
1496:Illyrian kingdom
906:
905:
891:
884:
877:
868:
867:
856:, though regent
836:Preceded by
831:
824:
815:Ardiaean kingdom
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362:Gulf of Ambracia
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222:Ardiaean Kingdom
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76:), as regent of
41:King of Ardiaean
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2657:
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2614:Illyrian tribes
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2507:Moesia Superior
2430:
2407:
2358:Desilo shipyard
2279:Siege of Pelium
2251:
2170:
2142:Vače Belt-Plate
2130:Selca e Poshtme
2028:
1945:Selcë e Poshtme
1734:Hedum castellum
1668:(Lower Neretva)
1530:Ad Acroceraunia
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1229:Cleitus Dardani
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792:Further reading
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493:Šašel Kos 2014
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483:, p. 105.
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442:(though never
372:. Besieged at
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115:
106:
102:
101:
96:
92:
91:
88:
87:
65:
61:
60:
55:
51:
50:
47:
43:
42:
38:
37:
31:
30:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2694:
2683:
2680:
2678:
2675:
2673:
2672:231 BC deaths
2670:
2668:
2665:
2664:
2662:
2647:
2639:
2637:
2634:
2633:
2630:
2624:
2621:
2615:
2612:
2611:
2610:
2607:
2606:
2605:
2602:
2601:
2599:
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2593:
2583:
2580:
2578:
2575:
2571:
2568:
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2563:
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2557:
2555:
2551:
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2540:
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2535:
2533:
2530:
2528:
2525:
2523:
2520:
2518:
2515:
2513:
2510:
2508:
2505:
2503:
2500:
2498:
2495:
2493:
2490:
2488:
2485:
2483:
2480:
2479:
2477:
2473:
2470:
2469:
2467:
2463:
2460:
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2453:
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2433:
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2422:
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2417:
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2410:
2402:
2399:
2397:
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2379:
2376:
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2359:
2356:
2354:
2351:
2347:
2344:
2343:
2342:
2339:
2337:
2334:
2330:
2327:
2325:
2322:
2320:
2317:
2315:
2312:
2310:
2309:Erigon Valley
2307:
2306:
2304:
2302:
2299:
2297:
2294:
2292:
2289:
2287:
2284:
2280:
2277:
2276:
2275:
2272:
2270:
2267:
2266:
2264:
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2258:
2254:
2248:
2247:
2244:
2241:
2239:
2236:
2232:
2229:
2227:
2224:
2222:
2219:
2217:
2214:
2212:
2209:
2205:
2202:
2201:
2200:
2197:
2195:
2192:
2190:
2187:
2186:
2185:
2182:
2181:
2179:
2177:
2173:
2167:
2166:
2161:
2158:
2156:
2153:
2152:
2150:
2148:
2145:
2143:
2140:
2138:
2135:
2131:
2128:
2126:
2123:
2122:
2120:
2118:
2115:
2113:
2110:
2106:
2103:
2101:
2098:
2096:
2093:
2091:
2088:
2087:
2085:
2083:
2080:
2078:
2075:
2073:
2070:
2068:
2065:
2063:
2060:
2058:
2055:
2053:
2052:Daunian stele
2050:
2048:
2045:
2043:
2040:
2039:
2037:
2035:
2031:
2024:
2020:
2019:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1983:
1982:
1978:
1976:
1973:
1971:
1968:
1966:
1963:
1961:
1958:
1956:
1953:
1951:
1948:
1946:
1943:
1941:
1938:
1936:
1933:
1931:
1928:
1926:
1923:
1921:
1918:
1916:
1913:
1911:
1908:
1906:
1905:
1901:
1899:
1896:
1894:
1891:
1889:
1886:
1883:
1882:
1877:
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1764:
1763:
1759:
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1749:
1746:
1742:
1740:
1739:Hija e Korbit
1737:
1735:
1732:
1730:
1727:
1725:
1722:
1720:
1717:
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1712:
1709:
1705:
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1680:
1678:
1675:
1673:
1670:
1667:
1664:
1662:
1659:
1657:
1654:
1650:
1649:Lower Neretva
1647:
1646:
1645:
1642:
1640:
1637:
1635:
1632:
1630:
1627:
1625:
1622:
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1499:
1497:
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1477:
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1472:
1470:
1467:
1465:
1461:
1458:
1457:
1455:
1451:
1445:
1442:
1440:
1439:Valentinian I
1437:
1435:
1432:
1430:
1427:
1425:
1422:
1420:
1417:
1415:
1412:
1410:
1407:
1405:
1402:
1400:
1399:Pleuratus III
1397:
1395:
1392:
1390:
1387:
1385:
1382:
1380:
1377:
1375:
1372:
1370:
1367:
1365:
1362:
1360:
1357:
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1187:
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1177:
1175:
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829:
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816:
807:
802:
800:
796:
795:
784:
782:0-631-19807-5
778:
774:
773:
772:The Illyrians
767:
763:
761:9780710062857
757:
753:
752:
746:
742:
736:
732:
728:
724:
719:
715:
709:
705:
701:
697:
693:
689:
687:9789025610500
683:
679:
678:
672:
668:
667:
661:
657:
655:0-19-814815-1
651:
647:
646:
640:
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634:0-521-23445-X
630:
626:
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614:
608:
604:
603:
597:
593:
591:0-521-23448-4
587:
583:
582:
576:
575:
560:
553:
552:0-631-19807-5
549:
543:
534:
525:
519:, p. 104
518:
513:
507:, p. 49.
506:
501:
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489:
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477:
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453:
451:
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396:
389:
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367:
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354:
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344:
343:
337:
333:
329:
325:
321:
317:
313:
309:
304:
302:
301:
296:
292:
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286:
276:
274:
270:
266:
262:
257:
255:
251:
247:
243:
239:
235:
231:
223:
219:
211:
210:Ancient Greek
205:
154:
146:
143:
139:
135:
133:
129:
126:
123:
121:
117:
114:
110:
107:
103:
97:
93:
89:
85:
84:
79:
75:
74:
69:
66:
62:
59:
56:
52:
48:
44:
39:
36:
32:
27:
22:
16:Illyrian king
2468:Prefectures
2436:Roman period
2353:Batonian War
2125:Boka-Përçeva
2016:
1979:
1902:
1879:
1873:
1856:
1789:
1777:
1760:
1696:
1611:
1594:
1409:Scerdilaidas
1394:Pleuratus II
1199:Bato Dardani
1138:
844:
839:Pleuratus II
827:
820:
813:
798:
771:
750:
722:
703:
699:
676:
665:
644:
623:
601:
580:
571:Bibliography
559:
542:
533:
528:Polybius 2.3
524:
517:Hammond 1993
512:
500:
488:
481:Hammond 1993
476:
443:
437:
427:
425:
410:
391:
355:
340:
305:
298:
290:Foreign Wars
288:
282:
258:
230:Pleuratus II
220:king of the
152:
151:
145:Pleuratus II
81:
71:
58:Pleuratus II
34:
2623:Settlements
2492:Epirus Nova
2147:Vače Situla
2023:Albanopolis
1888:Pola (Pula)
1791:Matohasanaj
1629:Chrysondyon
1555:Antipatreia
1540:Albanopolis
1389:Pleuratus I
1344:Justinian I
1219:Caravantius
1184:Bardylis II
990:Daesitiates
950:Atintanians
680:. Hakkert.
54:Predecessor
2661:Categories
2560:Illyrology
2478:Provinces
2199:Deipaturos
2151:Tattooing
2112:Soleto Map
1950:Sesarethus
1607:Brundisium
1535:Ad Quintum
1501:Taulantian
1486:Dassaretan
1469:Autariatan
1264:Diocletian
1086:Osseriates
1029:Dassaretii
975:Bassanitae
970:Baridustae
955:Autariatae
468:References
434:Vis (Issa)
347:Liburnians
49:250–231 BC
2502:Macedonia
2497:Illyricum
2472:Illyricum
2462:Macedonia
2457:Illyricum
2448:Dioceses
2314:Lyncestis
2238:Nymphaion
2105:Peucetian
2100:Messapian
2057:Education
2018:Zgërdhesh
1893:Poslishte
1869:Pituntium
1785:Lychnidus
1661:Delminium
1639:Damastion
1560:Apollonia
1550:Andetrium
1511:Geography
1491:Enchelean
1474:Dardanian
1359:Monounios
1309:Grabos II
1284:Flavianus
1174:Baraliris
1116:Taulantii
1111:Siculotae
1106:Sardiatae
1054:Iapygians
985:Bylliones
938:Docleatai
898:Illyrians
358:Acarnania
308:Epidamnus
300:Histories
250:Epidamnos
216:) was an
64:Successor
2646:Category
2636:Timeline
2512:Pannonia
2487:Delmatia
2482:Dardania
2419:Illyrian
2412:Language
2329:Phoenice
2305:Battles
2261:weaponry
2243:Swastika
2216:Medaurus
2184:Religion
2086:Pottery
2012:Vendenis
1997:Ulkinium
1970:Tilurium
1965:Thronion
1875:Pogradec
1858:Persqopi
1842:Palaeste
1724:Eugenium
1719:Epicaria
1714:Enkelana
1682:Doracium
1634:Creonion
1590:Bassania
1585:Bargulum
1464:Labeatan
1460:Ardiaean
1429:Triteuta
1404:Pleurias
1364:Monunius
1349:Longarus
1339:Justin I
1304:Grabos I
1289:Galaurus
1204:Bircenna
1179:Bardylis
1169:Ballaios
1164:Aurelian
1101:Pirustae
1096:Penestae
1091:Parthini
1034:Enchelei
1022:Thuantai
1000:Tariotes
995:Dalmatae
965:Balaites
943:Labeatae
928:Amantini
751:Dalmatia
456:See also
445:de facto
421:pleurisy
404:infantry
400:hoplites
395:Aetolian
382:Aetolian
370:Phoenice
366:Ambracia
332:Dalmatia
295:Polybius
269:Triteuta
261:Aetolian
242:Adriatic
218:Illyrian
136:Ardiaean
113:Triteuta
73:de facto
2542:Sirmium
2387:Sieges
2373:Liburna
2257:Warfare
2221:Perëndi
2189:Andinus
2160:Sicanje
2090:Daunian
2062:Fibulae
2047:Coinage
2034:Culture
2002:Ulpiana
1987:Tsangon
1981:Triport
1955:Setovia
1898:Promona
1847:Parthus
1812:Nikadin
1807:Nareste
1779:Lofkënd
1756:Kodrion
1687:Dresnik
1644:Daorson
1602:Bouthoe
1570:Arnissa
1545:Amantia
1479:Kingdom
1419:Tacitus
1369:Mytilos
1314:Gratian
1294:Gentius
1081:Narensi
1069:Peuceti
1064:Messapi
1049:Iapodes
1044:Grabaei
1017:Galabri
1012:Dardani
933:Ardiaei
923:Amantes
823:Unknown
439:de jure
417:Illyria
386:Achaean
312:Korkyra
279:History
246:Corcyra
238:Pyrrhus
132:Dynasty
105:Consort
100:Illyria
83:de jure
2609:Tribes
2604:People
2401:Oricum
2396:Medion
2378:Sibyna
2368:Lembus
2363:Helmet
2324:Pharos
2231:Tomorr
2226:Prende
2194:Bindus
2121:Tombs
2095:Desilo
2082:Pileus
2007:Uscana
1992:Ugento
1935:Salvia
1930:Salona
1920:Romajë
1915:Rhizon
1910:Ragusa
1904:Rabije
1881:Castle
1852:Pelion
1837:Oricum
1817:Nikaia
1797:Meteon
1768:Lissus
1762:Kratul
1729:Gertus
1708:Durrës
1677:Doclea
1672:Dimale
1666:Desilo
1624:Chinna
1619:Byllis
1613:Bushat
1565:Arduba
1434:Valens
1414:Sirras
1384:Plator
1379:Pinnes
1334:Jovian
1329:Jerome
1274:Epulon
1249:Cynane
1209:Caeria
1159:Audata
1154:Astius
1132:People
1076:Mazaei
1007:Daorsi
980:Breuci
918:Albani
910:Tribes
854:Pinnes
830:231 BC
826:
779:
758:
737:
710:
684:
652:
631:
609:
588:
550:
450:regent
429:poleis
374:Medion
328:Narona
320:Pharos
318:) and
285:Appian
265:Pinnes
254:Pharos
252:, and
234:Epirus
141:Father
125:Pinnes
98:231 BC
78:Pinnes
2596:Lists
2553:Other
2452:Dacia
2319:Paxos
1925:Runik
1864:Petra
1827:Oneum
1772:Lezhë
1751:Kinna
1745:Zadar
1698:Dukat
1692:Duboc
1596:Berat
1580:Aulon
1424:Teuta
1279:Etuta
1254:Dando
1224:Celer
1214:Caius
1139:Agron
1121:Abroi
1059:Dauni
1039:Eneti
960:Azali
860:ruled
858:Teuta
828:Died:
821:Born:
702:[
413:Gauls
342:lembi
316:Corfu
273:Teuta
214:Ἄγρων
153:Agron
120:Issue
109:Teuta
68:Teuta
46:Reign
29:Agron
2391:Issa
2383:Sica
2259:and
2204:Zojz
1832:Oria
1821:Klos
777:ISBN
756:ISBN
735:ISBN
708:ISBN
682:ISBN
650:ISBN
629:ISBN
607:ISBN
586:ISBN
548:ISBN
384:and
336:Aoos
324:Hvar
293:and
95:Died
35:King
2021:(?
727:doi
330:in
2663::
2211:En
733:.
275:.
256:.
248:,
226:c.
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208:;
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1823:)
1819:(
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1770:(
1747:)
1710:)
1706:(
1518:)
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883:t
876:v
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764:.
743:.
729::
716:.
690:.
658:.
637:.
615:.
594:.
554:.
495:.
339:(
322:(
314:(
204:/
201:n
198:ɒ
195:r
192:ˌ
189:ɡ
186:æ
183:ˈ
180:,
177:n
174:ə
171:r
168:ɡ
165:æ
162:ˈ
159:/
155:(
86:)
80:(
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23:.
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