529:
200:. However, they divorced in 1882. In 1879, Ahmad bin Abdullah allied himself to Ajman and Ras Al Khaimah against Abu Dhabi and Sharjah. Open conflict was avoided, but his divorce from the sister of Humaid bin Abdullah was acrimonious and resulted in disputes over property, which led Ahmad bin Abdullah to send seven boats to attack the Ras Al Khaimah dependency of
244:
Agreement'. The two
Frenchmen had found a receptive audience in Ahmad bin Abdullah, having supplied him with French flags for Umm Al Quwain's ships to fly, allowing them to act independently of British interests and rulings. When reports reached the British Political Resident that the French had been granted a site at Umm Al Quwain, the British government in
248:
approved the signing of an 'Exclusive agreement' which bound the
Trucial Sheikhs not to enter into 'any agreement or correspondence with any Power other than the British Government' and that without British assent, they would not 'consent to the residence within my territory of the agent of any other
230:
Raiding continued between the towns of the coast, however, and
Hamriyah attacked Umm Al Quwain, only to have Ahmad bin Abdulla retaliate and sack Hamriyah, whose headman was only spared after he barricaded himself in his fort. In the following conflicts, a northern alliance was founded, with Sharjah,
186:
The conflict came to a head in 1875, with a force from Dubai attacking Ras Al
Khaimah and killing seven men. The headman of Hamriyah brokered a truce between Ahmad bin Abdullah of Umm Al Qawain and Salim bin Sultan of Sharjah in February 1875, but Dubai and Sharjah remained at war until September of
243:
Although both German and
Turkish interests had attempted to maintain links to the Trucial Coast, it was the intrigues of two French figures (named Tramier and Chapay) who appear to have provoked the need for the British to embark on having the Trucial Sheikhs sign up to the 1892 'Exclusive
208:
of 1853 and Ahmad was consequently reprimanded by the
British Resident Agent and compelled to pay a fine. However, the conflict continued to rage on land with Umm Al Quwain and Ajman pitted against Ras Al Khaimah and Sharjah. In January 1883 peace was brokered by Abu Dhabi.
155:. A force from Umm Al Quwain attempted to raid the island and remove the Ruler of Sharjah's horses from there, but was met by boats from Sharjah which had arrived first. The conflict eventually drew in Umm Al Quwain's neighbours,
55:
127:'s history, with conflicts against neighbouring emirates and almost constantly shifting alliances. On two occasions these conflicts led to him being found to breach the terms of the 1853 Perpetual Maritime Truce with the
234:
In 1879, Ahmad bin
Abdulla signed the 'Mutual Agreement on Absconding Debtors' with the British, which aimed to curb the problem of debtors fleeing from one emirate to another and thereby evading their obligations.
195:
Ahmad bin
Abdullah conducted two dynastic marriages, the first to the daughter of the Ruler of Ajman, Sheikh Abdulaziz (to whom was born a son in 1876) and the second to the sister of the Ruler of Ras Al Khaimah,
131:. This notwithstanding, he was a signatory to the 1892 Exclusive Agreement, which bound the Trucial Sheikhs and the British together in a protectorate.
249:
government' and that they would not 'cede, sell, mortgage or otherwise give for occupation any part of my territory, save to the
British Government'.
442:
212:
In May 1885, Ahmad bin
Abdullah had a disagreement with his son, leading to the young man taking refuge in Ajman. When the Ruler of Ajman, Sheikh
258:
220:. Once again found to be in breach of the 1853 Treaty, Ahmad bin Abdullah was visited by a representative of the Resident Agent aboard
435:
558:
553:
216:, refused to give the boy up, Ahmad bin Abdullah, supported by Sharjah, sent a force against Ajman, which landed at
493:
428:
231:
Ajman, Umm Al Quwain and Ras Al Khaimah generally pitted against their southern neighbours, Dubai and Abu Dhabi.
261:
Viceregal Durbar, held off Sharjah in November 1903. He died in June 1904 and was succeeded by his son, Rashid.
391:
511:
469:
197:
499:
213:
505:
487:
475:
463:
357:
Mutual Agreement Entered Into By the Trucial Coast Rulers About Absconding Debtors Dated June 24, 1879.
168:
140:
83:
73:
517:
179:
joined Umm Al Quwain and a general state of war engulfed the coast, despite attempts by the British
205:
167:
joined the fray in opposition to Sharjah and inflicted a sharp defeat on Sharjah's forces under
180:
257:
Sheikh Ahmad bin Abdulla suffered from paralysis and was too infirm to travel to Sharjah for
201:
548:
8:
221:
148:
397:
387:
245:
528:
147:
were almost constantly in conflict, he was immediately involved in a fight with
172:
128:
124:
542:
452:
120:
401:
144:
420:
384:
From Trucial States to United Arab Emirates : a society in transition
123:
from 1873 to 1904. He led Umm Al Quwain through a turbulent period in the
160:
19:
164:
107:
28:
217:
152:
102:
23:
47:
414:
Exclusive Agreement, signed between March 5 and March 8, 1892
176:
156:
204:, which they did. This action constituted a breach of the
143:. Ruling at a time when the coastal communities of the
540:
139:Ahmad bin Abdullah succeeded his elder brother,
278:
276:
274:
436:
347:. British Government, Bombay. pp. 735–6.
450:
271:
238:
190:
443:
429:
371:. British Government, Bombay. p. 738.
332:. British Government, Bombay. p. 734.
317:. British Government, Bombay. p. 733.
302:. British Government, Bombay. p. 732.
287:. British Government, Bombay. p. 775.
381:
163:on Umm Al Quwain's. The following year,
327:
312:
297:
282:
541:
424:
366:
342:
198:Sheikh Humaid bin Abdulla Al Qasimi
13:
159:weighing in on Sharjah's side and
14:
570:
386:. London: Motivate. p. 293.
169:Sheikh Salim bin Sultan Al Qasimi
527:
494:Abdullah bin Rashid Al Mualla II
408:
375:
360:
351:
336:
321:
306:
291:
1:
512:Rashid bin Ahmad Al Mualla II
470:Abdullah bin Rashid Al Mualla
369:Gazetteer of the Persian Gulf
345:Gazetteer of the Persian Gulf
330:Gazetteer of the Persian Gulf
315:Gazetteer of the Persian Gulf
300:Gazetteer of the Persian Gulf
285:Gazetteer of the Persian Gulf
264:
482:Ahmad bin Abdullah Al Mualla
134:
117:Ahmad bin Abdullah Al Mualla
41:Ahmad bin Abdullah Al Mualla
7:
500:Hamad bin Ibrahim Al Mualla
214:Rashid bin Humaid Al Nuaimi
10:
575:
506:Ahmad bin Rashid Al Mualla
488:Rashid bin Ahmad Al Mualla
476:Ali bin Abdullah Al Mualla
464:Rashid bin Majid Al Mualla
382:Heard-Bey, Frauke (2005).
84:Rashid bin Ahmad Al Mualla
74:Ali bin Abdullah Al Mualla
17:
525:
518:Saud bin Rashid Al Mualla
459:
101:
93:
89:
79:
69:
61:
54:
45:
40:
559:19th-century Arab people
554:Sheikhs of Umm Al Quwain
252:
239:1892 exclusive agreement
206:Perpetual Maritime Truce
191:Breach of maritime truce
175:now joined Sharjah and
328:Lorimer, John (1915).
313:Lorimer, John (1915).
298:Lorimer, John (1915).
283:Lorimer, John (1915).
56:Ruler of Umm Al Quwain
183:to broker a peace.
151:over the island of
171:, killing 50 men.
536:
535:
119:was the Ruler of
113:
112:
566:
531:
445:
438:
431:
422:
421:
415:
412:
406:
405:
379:
373:
372:
364:
358:
355:
349:
348:
340:
334:
333:
325:
319:
318:
310:
304:
303:
295:
289:
288:
280:
38:
37:
574:
573:
569:
568:
567:
565:
564:
563:
539:
538:
537:
532:
523:
455:
449:
419:
418:
413:
409:
394:
380:
376:
367:Lorimer, John.
365:
361:
356:
352:
343:Lorimer, John.
341:
337:
326:
322:
311:
307:
296:
292:
281:
272:
267:
255:
241:
193:
181:Residency Agent
137:
36:
33:
12:
11:
5:
572:
562:
561:
556:
551:
534:
533:
526:
524:
522:
521:
520:(2009–present)
515:
509:
503:
497:
491:
485:
479:
473:
467:
460:
457:
456:
448:
447:
440:
433:
425:
417:
416:
407:
392:
374:
359:
350:
335:
320:
305:
290:
269:
268:
266:
263:
254:
251:
240:
237:
192:
189:
173:Ras Al Khaimah
136:
133:
111:
110:
105:
99:
98:
95:
91:
90:
87:
86:
81:
77:
76:
71:
67:
66:
63:
59:
58:
52:
51:
43:
42:
34:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
571:
560:
557:
555:
552:
550:
547:
546:
544:
530:
519:
516:
513:
510:
507:
504:
501:
498:
495:
492:
489:
486:
483:
480:
477:
474:
471:
468:
465:
462:
461:
458:
454:
453:Umm Al Quwain
446:
441:
439:
434:
432:
427:
426:
423:
411:
403:
399:
395:
389:
385:
378:
370:
363:
354:
346:
339:
331:
324:
316:
309:
301:
294:
286:
279:
277:
275:
270:
262:
260:
250:
247:
236:
232:
228:
226:
225:
219:
215:
210:
207:
203:
199:
188:
184:
182:
178:
174:
170:
166:
162:
158:
154:
150:
146:
142:
132:
130:
126:
125:Trucial Coast
122:
121:Umm Al Quwain
118:
109:
106:
104:
100:
96:
92:
88:
85:
82:
78:
75:
72:
68:
64:
60:
57:
53:
50:
49:
44:
39:
31:
30:
25:
21:
16:
481:
410:
383:
377:
368:
362:
353:
344:
338:
329:
323:
314:
308:
299:
293:
284:
256:
242:
233:
229:
223:
211:
194:
185:
145:Persian Gulf
138:
116:
114:
46:
27:
15:
549:1904 deaths
514:(1981–2009)
508:(1929–1981)
502:(1923–1929)
496:(1922–1923)
490:(1904–1922)
484:(1873–1904)
478:(1853–1873)
472:(1820–1853)
466:(1768–1820)
187:that year.
70:Predecessor
20:Arabic name
543:Categories
451:Rulers of
393:1860631673
265:References
165:Abu Dhabi
135:Accession
108:Al Mualla
80:Successor
65:1873–1904
29:Al Mualla
402:64689681
259:Curzon's
224:Reindeer
218:Al Heera
161:Hamriyah
153:Abu Musa
18:In this
149:Sharjah
129:British
115:Sheikh
24:surname
400:
390:
246:Bombay
48:Sheikh
35:Sheikh
22:, the
253:Death
177:Dubai
157:Ajman
103:House
62:Reign
398:OCLC
388:ISBN
222:HMS
202:Rams
97:1904
94:Died
141:Ali
26:is
545::
396:.
273:^
227:.
444:e
437:t
430:v
404:.
32:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.