348:
332:
379:
402:
31:
414:
364:
38:
378:
347:
331:
233:
culture, probably linked to the Emiran and
Ahmarian, may slightly predate the Ahmarian at 48,000 BP. There is also a claim that it is roughly contemporary with the Aurignacian and the
1126:
Marder, Ofer; Yeshurun, Reuven; Smithline, Howard; Ackermann, Oren; Mayer, Daniella E. Bar-Yosef; Belfer-Cohen, Anna; Grosman, Leore; Hershkovitz, Israel; Klein, Noa,
218:
out of Africa. From this stage, the first modern humans migrated to Europe to form the beginning of the
European Upper Paleolithic, including the
1424:
188:
in 1951. The "Ahmarian" category had only been recognized since the 1980s, and was previously designated as "Phase II Upper
Paleolithic" or "
401:
1004:
Goring-Morris, Nigel; Belfer-Cohen, Anna (2018). "The
Ahmarian in the Context of the Earlier Upper Palaeolithic in the Near East".
965:"Variability in Early Ahmarian lithic technology and its implications for the model of a Levantine origin of the Protoaurignacian"
943:
1419:
248:
Ahmarian technology, which included the complex of blade/bladelet-knapping techniques is also linked to the tools used by the
1414:
1021:
885:
676:
1220:
363:
1409:
695:
1434:
1255:
1211:
1184:
1110:
1083:
51:
30:
842:
1364:
1331:
223:
944:"Archaeologists carbon dated a cave in Israel to reveal details about the two first modern human cultures"
1429:
878:
608:
520:
1439:
780:
413:
1356:
138:
1245:
1201:
1174:
1100:
1073:
835:
657:
639:
306:
237:
cultures of Europe, all emerging prior to the
Atlitian, which was also contemporary with the
113:
871:
8:
755:
633:
388:
264:
161:
1230:(PDF) Selected Figures from Chapter 5. Upper Paleolithic | John Shea - Academia.edu
445:
1349:
1299:
1272:
1054:
767:
536:
291:
169:
1075:
Dynamics of
Learning in Neanderthals and Modern Humans Volume 1: Cultural Perspectives
689:
117:
1381:
1360:
1327:
1304:
1251:
1207:
1180:
1106:
1079:
1058:
1017:
986:
799:
773:
725:
588:
502:
458:
268:
209:
77:
1294:
1284:
1135:
1046:
1009:
976:
822:
663:
614:
599:
547:
475:
471:
185:
981:
964:
749:
645:
299:
249:
1013:
804:
793:
146:
713:
1403:
848:
810:
737:
338:
181:
177:
1386:
The
Aurignacian from the Yafteh Cave and its context (2005–2008 excavations)
1289:
1127:
267:
is still in use, but only sparsely, thereby making
Ahmarian the first fully
1389:
1308:
1139:
990:
214:
743:
701:
433:
314:
242:
219:
173:
154:
135:
121:
1072:
Akazawa, Takeru; Nishiaki, Yoshihiro; Aoki, Kenichi (16 December 2013).
1050:
902:
861:
719:
683:
556:
514:
395:. Another point type typical of the Ahmarian culture (Northern Facies).
234:
230:
103:
918:
787:
731:
707:
568:
496:
384:
322:
238:
189:
165:
1102:
The Middle and Upper
Paleolithic Archeology of the Levant and Beyond
1037:
Gilead, Isaac (1991). "The Upper
Paleolithic period in the Levant".
1006:
The Middle and Upper Paleolithic Archeology of the Levant and Beyond
1228:
948:
828:
816:
669:
441:
1351:
History of Humanity: Prehistory and the beginnings of civilization
1382:"The earlier Upper Palaeolithic: a View from The Southern Levant"
922:
761:
651:
574:
562:
508:
490:
484:
392:
283:
95:
1203:
Stone Tools in the Paleolithic and Neolithic Near East: A Guide
1176:
Stone Tools in the Paleolithic and Neolithic Near East: A Guide
913:
621:
369:
354:
337:
Flint Knives, Ahmarian Culture, Nahal Boqer, 47,000-40,000 BP.
318:
310:
295:
287:
275:
205:
201:
150:
142:
99:
67:
1347:
De Laet, S.J.; Dani, A.H.; Lorenzo, J.L.; Nunoo, R.B. (1994).
963:
Kadowaki, Seiji; Omori, Takayuki; Nishiaki, Yoshihiro (2015).
313:, is a type of blade technology very similar to the European
279:
1125:
263:
Ahmarian blades are usually elongated with some curves. The
55:
Map showing the approximate location of the Ahmarian culture
1379:
1003:
353:
Stone core for making fine blades, Boqer Tachtit, Negev,
302:
can be considered as derivative to the Ahmarian culture.
1099:
Nishiaki, Yoshihiro; Akazawa, Takeru (6 December 2017).
212:, corresponding to the first stages of the expansion of
1346:
1247:
The Human Career: Human Biological and Cultural Origins
184:. It was explored and excavated by French Prehistorian
962:
1071:
407:
Entrance to el-Wad Cave, an important Ahmarian site
1380:Belfer-Cohen, Anna; Goring-Morris, Adrian (2012).
1348:
274:Ahmarian assemblages can be found throughout the
1401:
1179:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 152–153.
16:Paleolithic archeological industry in the Levant
1277:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
1098:
1384:. In Otte, M.; Shidrang, S.; Flas, D. (eds.).
879:
164:of Erq el-Ahmar (also written Erk el Ahmar),
1250:. University of Chicago Press. p. 610.
317:, immediately following chronologically the
149:(BP) and thought to be related to Levantine
1206:. Cambridge University Press. p. 154.
372:points are typical of the Ahmarian culture.
321:and Early Ahmarian in the same area of the
886:
872:
1321:
1298:
1288:
1270:
1078:. Springer Science & Business Media.
980:
160:The word "Ahmarian" was adopted from the
222:culture, where they become known as the
37:
1273:"The spread of modern humans in Europe"
1402:
1036:
200:The Ahmarian period together with the
1324:A History of Israel and the Holy Land
1243:
1168:
1166:
1164:
1162:
1160:
1158:
1156:
1154:
391:. Found on the surface at Ksar Akil,
208:, are among the first periods of the
1425:Archaeological cultures of West Asia
1199:
1172:
1134:, Berghahn Books, pp. 505–526,
1326:. New York: Continuum. p. 20.
13:
1151:
696:Lincombian-Ranisian-Jerzmanowician
255:Late Ahmarian is called Masraqan.
195:
14:
1451:
424:
1226:
412:
400:
377:
362:
346:
330:
36:
29:
1388:. pp. 127–136 – via
1373:
1340:
1315:
1264:
1237:
1132:Natufian Foragers in the Levant
325:, and closely related to them.
1355:. London: Routledge. pp.
1193:
1119:
1092:
1065:
1030:
997:
956:
936:
298:. The Lagaman industry in the
1:
1420:Prehistory of the Middle East
929:
595:
543:
465:
258:
145:dated at 46,000–42,000 years
1415:Paleolithic cultures of Asia
982:10.1016/j.jhevol.2015.02.017
245:cultures of Western Europe.
7:
1322:Avi-Yonah, Michael (2001).
1039:Journal of World Prehistory
1014:10.1007/978-981-10-6826-3_7
921:(Ahmarian Northern Facies,
10:
1456:
1410:Upper Paleolithic cultures
1244:Klein, Richard G. (2009).
969:Journal of Human Evolution
1088:– via Google Books.
609:Initial Upper Paleolithic
109:
91:
83:
73:
63:
24:
1435:Industries (archaeology)
1271:Hoffecker, J. F (2009).
899:Erq el-Ahmar (type site)
87:c. 46,000 – c. 42,000 BP
1290:10.1073/pnas.0903446106
1200:Shea, John J. (2013).
1173:Shea, John J. (2013).
1140:10.2307/j.ctv8bt33h.35
419:Inside of el-Wad Cave.
252:of southwestern Asia.
139:archeological industry
307:Levantine Aurignacian
153:and younger European
114:Levantine Aurignacian
52:class=notpageimage|
1283:(38): 16040–16045.
1008:. pp. 87–104.
952:. 28 December 2017.
389:Levallois technique
265:Levallois technique
162:archaeological site
21:
1430:Peopling of Europe
1051:10.1007/BF00974677
537:Middle Paleolithic
357:, circa 40,000 BP.
64:Geographical range
19:
1023:978-981-10-6825-6
896:
895:
589:Upper Paleolithic
459:Lower Paleolithic
269:Upper Paleolithic
210:Upper Paleolithic
128:
127:
78:Upper Paleolithic
1447:
1394:
1393:
1377:
1371:
1370:
1354:
1344:
1338:
1337:
1319:
1313:
1312:
1302:
1292:
1268:
1262:
1261:
1241:
1235:
1234:
1224:
1218:
1217:
1197:
1191:
1190:
1170:
1149:
1148:
1147:
1146:
1123:
1117:
1116:
1096:
1090:
1089:
1069:
1063:
1062:
1034:
1028:
1027:
1001:
995:
994:
984:
960:
954:
953:
940:
888:
881:
874:
615:Fertile Crescent
603:
597:
551:
545:
479:
470:
467:
429:
428:
416:
404:
381:
366:
350:
334:
250:hunter-gatherers
204:, both from the
180:in the northern
132:Ahmarian culture
44:Ahmarian culture
40:
39:
33:
22:
20:Ahmarian culture
18:
1455:
1454:
1450:
1449:
1448:
1446:
1445:
1444:
1400:
1399:
1398:
1397:
1378:
1374:
1367:
1345:
1341:
1334:
1320:
1316:
1269:
1265:
1258:
1242:
1238:
1225:
1221:
1214:
1198:
1194:
1187:
1171:
1152:
1144:
1142:
1124:
1120:
1113:
1097:
1093:
1086:
1070:
1066:
1035:
1031:
1024:
1002:
998:
961:
957:
942:
941:
937:
932:
892:
855:
854:
710:(41,000-37,000)
690:Châtelperronian
604:
593:
591:
581:
580:
552:
541:
539:
529:
528:
499:(1.76–0.13 Ma)
480:
468:
463:
461:
427:
420:
417:
408:
405:
396:
382:
373:
367:
358:
351:
342:
335:
261:
198:
196:Ahmarian period
120:
118:Châtelperronian
116:
59:
58:
57:
56:
54:
48:
47:
46:
45:
41:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1453:
1443:
1442:
1440:Judaean Desert
1437:
1432:
1427:
1422:
1417:
1412:
1396:
1395:
1372:
1365:
1339:
1332:
1314:
1263:
1256:
1236:
1219:
1212:
1192:
1185:
1150:
1118:
1111:
1091:
1084:
1064:
1045:(2): 105–154.
1029:
1022:
996:
955:
934:
933:
931:
928:
927:
926:
916:
911:
908:
905:
900:
894:
893:
891:
890:
883:
876:
868:
865:
864:
857:
856:
853:
852:
846:
833:
832:
826:
820:
814:
808:
802:
797:
794:Iberomaurusian
791:
778:
777:
771:
765:
759:
753:
752:(15.5–13.1 ka)
747:
741:
735:
729:
723:
717:
711:
705:
699:
693:
687:
674:
673:
672:(12.2–10.8 ka)
667:
666:(14.5–11.5 ka)
661:
655:
649:
643:
637:
631:
625:
612:
611:
605:
587:
586:
583:
582:
579:
578:
572:
566:
560:
553:
535:
534:
531:
530:
527:
526:
525:
524:
518:
512:
506:
494:
488:
481:
457:
456:
453:
452:
437:
436:
426:
425:Ahmarian sites
423:
422:
421:
418:
411:
409:
406:
399:
397:
387:flake made by
383:
376:
374:
368:
361:
359:
352:
345:
343:
336:
329:
260:
257:
197:
194:
147:before present
126:
125:
111:
107:
106:
93:
89:
88:
85:
81:
80:
75:
71:
70:
65:
61:
60:
50:
49:
43:
42:
35:
34:
28:
27:
26:
25:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1452:
1441:
1438:
1436:
1433:
1431:
1428:
1426:
1423:
1421:
1418:
1416:
1413:
1411:
1408:
1407:
1405:
1391:
1387:
1383:
1376:
1368:
1362:
1358:
1353:
1352:
1343:
1335:
1329:
1325:
1318:
1310:
1306:
1301:
1296:
1291:
1286:
1282:
1278:
1274:
1267:
1259:
1257:9780226027524
1253:
1249:
1248:
1240:
1232:
1231:
1223:
1215:
1213:9781107006980
1209:
1205:
1204:
1196:
1188:
1186:9781107006980
1182:
1178:
1177:
1169:
1167:
1165:
1163:
1161:
1159:
1157:
1155:
1141:
1137:
1133:
1129:
1122:
1114:
1112:9789811068263
1108:
1104:
1103:
1095:
1087:
1085:9784431545118
1081:
1077:
1076:
1068:
1060:
1056:
1052:
1048:
1044:
1040:
1033:
1025:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1007:
1000:
992:
988:
983:
978:
974:
970:
966:
959:
951:
950:
945:
939:
935:
924:
920:
917:
915:
912:
909:
907:Boker Tachtit
906:
904:
901:
898:
897:
889:
884:
882:
877:
875:
870:
869:
867:
866:
863:
859:
858:
850:
849:Afontova Gora
847:
844:
843:Mal'ta–Buret'
841:
840:
839:
837:
830:
827:
824:
821:
818:
815:
812:
809:
806:
803:
801:
798:
795:
792:
789:
786:
785:
784:
782:
775:
772:
769:
766:
763:
760:
757:
754:
751:
748:
745:
742:
739:
738:Epigravettian
736:
733:
730:
727:
724:
721:
718:
715:
712:
709:
706:
703:
700:
697:
694:
691:
688:
685:
682:
681:
680:
678:
671:
668:
665:
662:
659:
656:
653:
650:
647:
644:
641:
638:
635:
632:
629:
626:
623:
620:
619:
618:
616:
610:
607:
606:
601:
590:
585:
584:
576:
573:
570:
567:
564:
561:
558:
555:
554:
549:
538:
533:
532:
522:
519:
516:
513:
510:
507:
504:
501:
500:
498:
495:
492:
489:
486:
483:
482:
477:
473:
460:
455:
454:
450:
449:
443:
439:
438:
435:
431:
430:
415:
410:
403:
398:
394:
390:
386:
380:
375:
371:
365:
360:
356:
349:
344:
340:
339:Israel Museum
333:
328:
327:
326:
324:
320:
316:
312:
308:
303:
301:
297:
293:
289:
285:
281:
277:
272:
270:
266:
256:
253:
251:
246:
244:
240:
236:
232:
229:The European
227:
225:
221:
217:
216:
211:
207:
203:
202:Emiran period
193:
191:
187:
186:René Neuville
183:
182:Dead Sea Rift
179:
178:Judean Desert
175:
171:
167:
163:
158:
156:
152:
148:
144:
140:
137:
133:
123:
119:
115:
112:
108:
105:
101:
97:
94:
90:
86:
82:
79:
76:
72:
69:
66:
62:
53:
32:
23:
1390:ResearchGate
1385:
1375:
1350:
1342:
1323:
1317:
1280:
1276:
1266:
1246:
1239:
1229:
1227:Shea, John.
1222:
1202:
1195:
1175:
1143:, retrieved
1131:
1128:"Hof Shahaf"
1121:
1105:. Springer.
1101:
1094:
1074:
1067:
1042:
1038:
1032:
1005:
999:
972:
968:
958:
947:
938:
834:
779:
758:(14–12.8 ka)
692:(44.5–36 ka)
675:
654:(18–12.5 ka)
627:
613:
523:(400–220 ka)
517:(424–400 ka)
511:(500–130 ka)
493:(2.6–1.7 Ma)
447:
309:", from the
304:
278:, including
273:
262:
254:
247:
228:
215:Homo sapiens
213:
199:
159:
131:
129:
910:Nahal Boqer
756:Federmesser
744:Magdalenian
714:PĂ©rigordian
702:Aurignacian
640:Aurignacian
634:Baradostian
577:(130–10 ka)
571:(130–70 ka)
565:(145–20 ka)
559:(160–40 ka)
434:Paleolithic
315:Aurignacian
243:Magdalenian
224:Cro-Magnons
220:Aurignacian
174:rockshelter
155:Aurignacian
136:Paleolithic
122:Aurignacian
110:Followed by
92:Preceded by
1404:Categories
1366:0415093058
1333:0826413226
1145:2023-12-19
930:References
903:Manot Cave
862:Mesolithic
851:(21–12 ka}
845:(24–15 ka)
819:(15–11 ka)
813:(15—11 ka)
807:(22–14 ka)
796:(25–11 ka)
790:(42–18 ka)
770:(13–12 ka)
768:Ahrensburg
764:(14–10 ka)
746:(17–12 ka)
740:(20–10 ka)
734:(22–17 ka)
728:(29–25 ka)
722:(33–24 ka)
720:Gravettian
716:(35–20 ka)
704:(43–26 ka)
698:(43–32 ka)
686:(48–40 ka)
684:Bohunician
658:Trialetian
648:(20–10 ka)
642:(35–29 ka)
636:(36–18 ka)
630:(46–42 ka)
624:(50–40 ka)
557:Mousterian
515:Clactonian
469: 3.3
259:Technology
235:Gravettian
231:Bohunician
192:Phase B".
157:cultures.
104:Bohunician
1059:163984548
975:: 67–87.
919:Ksar Akil
831:(10–8 ka)
825:(15–5 ka)
800:Mushabian
788:Khormusan
776:(11–8 ka)
774:Swiderian
732:Solutrean
726:Pavlovian
708:Szeletian
660:(16–8 ka)
569:Micoquien
503:Madrasian
497:Acheulean
385:Ksar Akil
323:Near East
292:Palestine
239:Solutrean
190:Ksar Akil
170:Palestine
166:West Bank
1309:19571003
991:25924809
949:Newsweek
829:Magosian
817:Sebilian
670:Khiamian
664:Natufian
628:Ahmarian
521:Mugharan
505:(1.5 Ma)
487:(3.3 Ma)
442:Pliocene
271:period.
124:(Europe)
1300:2752585
923:Lebanon
836:Siberia
823:Eburran
762:Azilian
750:Hamburg
652:Kebaran
646:Zarzian
575:Sangoan
563:Aterian
546:300–50
509:Soanian
491:Oldowan
485:Lomekwi
446:before
393:Lebanon
284:Lebanon
176:in the
141:in the
96:Aterian
1363:
1330:
1307:
1297:
1254:
1210:
1183:
1109:
1082:
1057:
1020:
989:
914:El-Wad
805:Halfan
781:Africa
677:Europe
622:Emiran
598:50–12
592:
540:
474:– 300
462:
370:El-Wad
355:Israel
319:Emiran
311:Levant
296:Jordan
294:, and
288:Israel
276:Levant
206:Levant
151:Emiran
143:Levant
134:was a
100:Emiran
74:Period
68:Levant
1055:S2CID
811:Qadan
300:Sinai
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