531:
501:
156:
369:. Gordon briefly considered offering Suleiman the position of Governor of Dara in an attempt to occupy him with peaceful plans. Instead, he chose to have El Nour, one of Suleiman's chiefs, report on activity within the group and in turn be offered the Governorship himself. Through this, he learned that Suleiman was still receiving letters from Rahma, whose correspondence always included the cryptic phrase "Take care of Abdoul Razoul".
389:
where they agreed that if the plan failed, they would go "to arms! to the road!". He was detained by
Egyptian forces for his attempts at bribery and refused permission to return to the Sudan. He messaged General Gordon, offering £25,000 annually to the Khedive, and to restore order within the Sudan,
393:
Intent on dealing with
Suleiman while his father was still imprisoned, General Gordon arranged several times to meet peacefully with the young man now leading his father's forces. Referring to him as a "cub", Gordon took an almost fatherly approach towards him, and explained at his camp that he was
402:
Shortly afterward, Suleiman sent Gordon confirmation of the surrender and began making his way northwards towards other stations. While in the city of Shaka, he sent a letter referring to himself as Gordon's "son" and asking for a position in the government. Gordon responded that he would rather
435:
In early
September, while traveling through Shaka, Gordon was surprised to be extended an invitation to spend two days in Suleiman's house. He accepted, but spent the following days again rejecting Suleiman's pleas for a title of government, but consoled the young chief by giving him a rifle and
342:
In 1877, General Gordon arrived as the newly appointed
Governor of the Sudan, and sought to suppress the slave trade. Rahma brought his grievances to Cairo, asking for the Governorship of the newly conquered Darfur, but was rejected. Egyptian authorities also prohibited his return to Sudan, but
390:
if only he would be allowed to return. Gordon declined the offer, and Rahma sent a message to his chiefs that they should "obey the orders given under the tree", which resulted in Gordon being met by near-anarchy upon his return to
Khartoum.
299:
Pasha of Egypt desired control over the region, but Rahma defeated a mercenary army sent against him. Instead in 1873 Isma'il added the region to his empire by acknowledging Rahma's power and granting him the title of
Governor over
550:
General Gordon. Toward the beginning of the film, Zubayr is portrayed as a harbinger of doom. He refuses to cooperate with the
General in his reconquest of the Sudan, and prophesies his death at the hands of the Mahdi forces.
508:
In August 1887 he was allowed to return to Cairo, and after the 1899 reconquest of the Sudan was permitted to settle in his native country. He established himself on his estates at Geili, some 30 miles north of
Khartoum.
354:
That year, Gordon wrote back home "I have to contend with many vested interests, with fanaticism, with the abolition...with a large semi-independent province lately under Sebehr, the Black Pasha, at Bahr
Gazelle".
412:"Suleiman no longer hopes to conquer...he may try to go up to other stations inland, but I do not expect it will last long; a retreating commander is rarely in a good temper, and he will soon disgust his people."
398:
or he would attack with an overwhelming force. Feeling sick, and begging time to think on the matter, Suleiman returned to the cave where his forces rumored that Gordon had served the group poisoned coffee.
40:
239:
led to him gaining a near-mythic status in the United
Kingdom, where he was referred to as "the richest and worst", a "Slaver King" "who chained lions as part of his escort".
444:
On 18 February 1884, Gordon offered the imprisoned Rahma leadership of the entire Sudan, in addition to his freedom if he would help the British keep the forces of
455:, who knew him personally, declared to British society that Rahma was a "far-seeing, thoughtful man of iron will, a born ruler of men" Eventually,
471:
in Cairo, all agreed to allow Rahma the title, but the order was rescinded by the British government, upset with Rahma's slave-raiding practises.
330:
briefly during the invasion of Darfur, where he led the southern forces. He was referred to as "the Black Pasha", and ultimately wished to become
425:
417:
366:
272:, focusing his efforts on slave trading and ivory sales. At its height, his trading empire, backed by a personal army, controlled much of the
869:
394:
aware of what revolts the slavers had been provoking, and he was now offering an ultimatum – either Suleiman announce his surrender of the
522:
A street in Downtown Khartoum is still named after Zubayr, and the town of Uyujuku in South Sudan is still commonly known as Deim Zubeir.
90:
436:
teaching him its proper use. Eventually, Suleiman was captured and executed under the command of Romolo Gessi (on Gordon's orders).
248:
301:
273:
52:
755:
416:
Angered, Suleiman rallied 6,000 of his men in large raids, which were quickly dispelled at Gordon's command by the troops of
621:
448:
at bay. The following month, Gordon astonished Europe by recommending Rahma to be named his successor as Governor of Sudan.
899:
884:
874:
460:
348:
184:
864:
849:
854:
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Nevertheless, he was put in charge of all the Negro forces, as well as sharing command of Arab forces with
403:
die, than grant any title to the rebel leader unless he had traveled to Cairo and sworn allegiance to the
879:
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894:
592:
530:
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100,000 to recognize his sovereignty, Rahma had gathered his chiefs under a tree between Shaka and
281:
464:
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Rahma's 22-year-old son Suleiman also fought against General Gordon from a stronghold, nicknamed
475:
839:
236:
85:
500:
889:
130:
8:
813:
588:
292:
217:
160:
722:
Jephson, Arthur Jeremy Mounteney. "Emin Pasha and the Rebellion at the Equator", 1890.
793:
751:
514:
Black Ivory: Or, the Story of El Zubeir Pasha, Slaver and Sultan, as Told By Himself
859:
452:
331:
327:
296:
252:
73:
834:
773:"Owing and Owning: Zubayr Pasha, Slavery, and Empire in Nineteenth-Century Sudan"
547:
539:
361:
320:
201:
490:
456:
445:
382:
344:
512:
In retirement Zubayr wrote his memoirs, which were translated into English as
287:
In 1871, at the height of his power, Rahma was visited at his headquarters in
828:
772:
543:
494:
112:
421:
116:
232:
468:
295:, who described the slave trader's court as "little less than princely".
288:
39:
817:
386:
482:
263:
659:
404:
324:
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with a small army, to set up a network of trading forts known as
486:
268:
519:
He died peacefully in January 1913 in his home village Geili.
485:, when British forces suspected that he might have negotiated
732:
481:
In March 1885, he was removed from command and imprisoned at
381:, where he intended to bribe other pashas with approximately
378:
316:
256:
225:
221:
174:
606:
Brave Men and Women Their Struggles, Failures, And Triumphs
372:
277:
748:
Three Empires on the Nile: The Victorian Jihad, 1869-1899
312:
247:
Born in 1830 as Al-Zubayr Rahma Mansur, he came from the
170:
798:
The River War: An Account of the Reconquest of the Sudan
262:
He began his large-scale business in 1856, when he left
804:Spaulding, Jay (2005). "Al-Zubayr's Early Career".
704:
Appleton's Annual Cyclopaedia, 1884. "Egypt" entry.
826:
777:All Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects
713:Buel, J.W. "Heroes of the Dark Continent", 1890.
497:", based on alleged correspondence between them.
649:Cambridge University Press, 29 May 2008 p. 18
432:, a reputed stronghold of the slaving clan.
319:, after allying himself, and his lieutenant
220:in the late 19th century. He later became a
779:. New York: CUNY Academic Works.: 328, 364.
38:
803:
428:, had earlier been credited with sacking
208:; c. 1830 – January 1913), also known as
529:
499:
373:Detained in Egypt, his son takes command
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337:
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750:. New York: Free Press. p. 277.
745:
525:
693:
677:
534:Ziber Basha Street in Khartoum, 2018
870:19th-century African businesspeople
611:
561:
546:as Zubayr, where he plays opposite
276:as well as what are today parts of
205:
13:
787:
16:Slave trader and Sudanese governor
14:
911:
154:
764:
739:
735:and the Egyptian Sudan, book v.
725:
716:
410:Gordon wrote a few days later,
377:Prior to his 1878 departure to
307:Eventually Rahma controlled 30
707:
652:
639:
627:
598:
504:Zubayr on his deathbed in 1913
1:
554:
439:
242:
198:Al-Zubayr Rahma Mansur Pasha
7:
622:The Story of General Gordon
593:The Story of Chinese Gordon
311:, and earned the titles of
10:
916:
900:20th-century slave traders
885:19th-century slave traders
647:A History of Modern Sudan.
343:allowed him to travel to
259:tribe in northern Sudan.
191:
180:
166:
149:
144:
136:
123:
106:
101:
97:
91:Governor-General of Sudan
79:
69:
58:
50:
46:
37:
30:
23:
875:19th-century Arab people
771:Berman, Zachary (2017).
282:Central African Republic
31:
865:19th-century memoirists
850:Sudanese businesspeople
746:Green, Dominic (2007).
465:William Ewart Gladstone
424:. Gessi, together with
347:at the outbreak of the
664:academicworks.cuny.edu
535:
505:
25:Al-Zubayr Rahma Mansur
855:African slave traders
660:"CUNY Academic Works"
636:, vol. ii., chap. xv.
533:
503:
338:Opposition to Gordon
231:His reputation as a
131:Anglo-Egyptian Sudan
690:, 1977. pp 102–103.
686:Beresford, John D.
645:Robert O. Collins.
589:Hake, Alfred Egmont
140:Suleiman (executed)
880:Arab slave traders
794:Churchill, Winston
536:
526:In popular culture
506:
365:, located outside
293:Georg Schweinfurth
185:Conquest of Darfur
161:Khedivate of Egypt
757:978-1-4516-3160-9
548:Charlton Heston's
461:Sir Evelyn Baring
349:Russo-Turkish War
206:الزبير رحمة منصور
195:
194:
32:الزبير رحمة منصور
907:
895:Slavery in Sudan
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453:Reginald Wingate
332:Governor General
224:and governor in
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159:
158:
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145:Military service
119:, Ottoman Empire
102:Personal details
82:
63:
42:
21:
20:
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788:Further reading
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634:Heart of Africa
632:
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620:Lang, Jeanie. "
619:
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562:
557:
528:
442:
396:Cave of Adullam
375:
362:Cave of Adullam
340:
321:Rabih az-Zubayr
251:section of the
245:
155:
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128:
111:
88:
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17:
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806:Sudanic Africa
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783:
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763:
756:
738:
724:
715:
706:
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651:
638:
626:
624:" circa. 1900.
610:
604:Fuller, O. E.
597:
559:
558:
556:
553:
538:The 1966 film
527:
524:
457:Queen Victoria
446:Muhammad Ahmad
441:
438:
374:
371:
345:Constantinople
339:
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302:Bahr el Ghazal
274:Bahr el Ghazal
244:
241:
237:Charles Gordon
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86:Charles Gordon
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53:Bahr al-Ghazal
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35:
34:
28:
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845:Ja'alin tribe
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544:Zia Mohyeddin
541:
532:
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520:
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498:
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495:false prophet
492:
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479:
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476:Hussein Pasha
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214:Rahama Zobeir
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78:
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74:Isma'il Pasha
72:
68:
62:
57:
54:
49:
45:
41:
36:
29:
22:
19:
840:1830s births
809:
805:
797:
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747:
741:
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718:
709:
687:
667:. Retrieved
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521:
518:
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480:
473:
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429:
426:Taha Mahomet
422:Romolo Gessi
418:Yussuf Pasha
415:
411:
409:
401:
395:
392:
376:
359:
357:
353:
341:
328:Ismail Pasha
308:
306:
286:
267:
261:
246:
230:
218:slave trader
213:
210:Sebehr Rahma
209:
197:
196:
181:Battles/wars
127:January 1913
117:Egypt Eyalet
81:Succeeded by
60:
51:Governor of
18:
890:1913 deaths
469:Nubar Pasha
323:, with the
289:Deim Zubeir
235:of General
829:Categories
555:References
440:Later role
430:Dem Sebehr
243:Background
150:Allegiance
812:: 53–68.
483:Gibraltar
65:1873–1877
61:In office
818:25653425
595:", 1884.
540:Khartoum
280:and the
264:Khartoum
216:, was a
137:Children
860:Sultans
800:, 1902.
733:Mahdism
493:, the "
405:Khedive
325:khedive
309:zaribas
297:Isma'il
269:zaribas
253:Ja'alin
233:nemesis
129:Geili,
110:c. 1830
70:Monarch
835:Pashas
816:
754:
669:25 May
608:, 1884
542:stars
487:fealty
249:Gemaab
202:Arabic
187:(1874)
814:JSTOR
491:Ahmad
387:Obeid
379:Cairo
367:Shaka
317:Pasha
255:, an
226:Sudan
222:pasha
175:Pasha
113:Sudan
752:ISBN
671:2020
467:and
451:Sir
420:and
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315:and
278:Chad
257:Arab
173:and
167:Rank
124:Died
107:Born
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489:to
313:bey
291:by
212:or
171:Bey
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