913:
239:
frequently published anti-Israeli news and articles. From 1945 it also frequently criticized the
Lebanese government. The membership of the Kataeb Party significantly increased following the
212:
was founded in 1939. The paper is headquartered in Beirut, and had Arabic and French editions. It is the official publication of the Kataeb Party, also known as
Phalangist Party, and has a
1194:
288:
was for a time temporarily controlled by the group in 1986, but now reflects solely the points of view of the
Phalange which is its license holder.
1214:
901:
408:
1184:
879:
792:
1204:
1199:
1169:
716:
498:
448:
389:
351:
851:
1174:
894:
243:
in 1958 which also increased the significance of the paper. However, during this turmoil Fuad Haddad, editor-in-chief of
247:, was kidnapped on 23 September. Subscription to the newspaper became compulsory for all Kataeb Party members in 1966.
676:
529:
216:
approach. In the early period the publisher of the paper was Pierre
Gemayel, leader of the Kataeb Party. Until 1946
764:
592:
1077:
887:
1179:
1056:
917:
909:
565:
521:
158:
319:
was Fuad Haddad who was abducted while serving in the post on 23 September 1958. Lebanese caricaturist
315:. Both were also the leading figures of the Phalangist Party in the 1940s. Another editor-in-chief of
1140:
796:
626:
489:
Mahmoud M. Hammoud; Walid A. Afifi (1994). "Lebanon". In Yahya R. Kamalipour; Hamid
Mowlana (eds.).
1147:
1084:
1013:
25:
416:
251:
16:
This article is about the
Lebanese newspaper. For the Tunisian newspaper with the same name, see
1209:
736:
590:
Eyal Zisser (October 1995). "The
Maronites, Lebanon and the State of Israel: Early Contacts".
438:
341:
1119:
704:
630:
569:
535:
375:
1063:
800:
8:
1126:
1020:
932:
240:
213:
184:
83:
1189:
682:
601:
21:
1112:
712:
700:
672:
525:
494:
444:
385:
347:
312:
258:
was published daily, but later its frequency was switched to weekly. In
October 1985
17:
189:'The Work') is a long-running Arabic Lebanese newspaper affiliated with the
822:
741:
664:
381:
153:
45:
769:
634:
573:
304:
277:
194:
175:
539:
1133:
999:
620:
559:
262:, a militia commander, unsuccessfully attempted to suspend the publication of
1163:
967:
515:
273:
686:
654:
1038:
320:
308:
281:
259:
190:
55:
464:
235:
Its major function is to convey the party's views and ideas. In the 1940s
1105:
1098:
668:
660:
232:
was made a separate French-language weekly newspaper on 3 October 1948.
856:
605:
1070:
517:
Lebanon in the 1950s: President
Chamoun and Western policy in Lebanon
268:
134:
377:
1091:
974:
960:
953:
946:
939:
912:
120:
711:. Vol. X. Boulder, CO; London: Westview Press. p. 19.
488:
561:
The Katàib: A Comprehensive Study of a Lebanese Political Party
198:
110:
1006:
852:"Lebanon Loses Pierre Sadek, Prominent Political Cartoonist"
443:. London; New York: Europa Publications. 2002. p. 737.
737:"Christian militia leader closes president's newspaper"
491:
Mass Media in the Middle East: A Comprehensive Handbook
622:
Intercommunal relations and the 1958 crisis in Lebanon
513:
224:
which was published in French. From 21 November 1946
618:
557:
493:. Westport, CT: Greenwood Publishing. p. 163.
373:
220:was distributed with another Kataeb paper entitled
699:
339:
295:was 35,000 copies in the beginning of the 2000s.
250:The paper had an oppositional stance against the
1161:
652:
1195:French-language newspapers published in Lebanon
346:. Berlin: Frank & Timme GmbH. p. 110.
895:
369:
367:
365:
363:
276:. Following the control of the party by the
589:
298:
902:
888:
734:
360:
849:
266:. However, he seized the headquarters of
845:
843:
765:"Rift in Militia Perils Lebanon Accord"
730:
728:
553:
551:
549:
1215:Weekly newspapers published in Lebanon
1162:
648:
646:
644:
585:
583:
228:became an Arabic daily newspaper, and
204:
1185:Daily newspapers published in Lebanon
883:
440:The Middle East and North Africa 2003
403:
401:
272:, a French-language daily founded by
254:in the country in 1980. In the 1980s
20:. For the Aden, Yemen newspaper, see
840:
725:
546:
507:
641:
580:
193:. It is published in Arabic and in
179:
13:
398:
14:
1226:
875:
911:
815:
785:
757:
709:Middle East Contemporary Survey
693:
612:
514:Caroline Camille Attie (1996).
1205:Newspapers published in Beirut
1200:Newspapers established in 1939
1170:1939 establishments in Lebanon
735:Ed Blanche (30 October 1985).
482:
457:
431:
333:
323:contributed to the newspaper.
1:
773:. Beirut. UPI. 5 January 1986
619:Claude Boueiz Kanaan (1995).
566:American University of Beirut
558:Richard Hans Laursen (1951).
522:University of Texas at Austin
326:
374:John Pierre Entelis (1974).
7:
850:Elie Hajj (26 April 2013).
656:A History of Modern Lebanon
84:Right-wing political stance
67:; 85 years ago
10:
1231:
1175:Arabic-language newspapers
663:. pp. 135, 138, 217.
343:The New Arab Public Sphere
340:Muhammad I. Ayish (2008).
280:, namely Elie Hobeika and
15:
1048:
1030:
991:
924:
797:Reporters Without Borders
705:"1988: A Shift of Accent"
653:Fawwaz Traboulsi (2012).
627:SOAS University of London
149:
126:
116:
106:
89:
79:
61:
51:
41:
659:(2nd ed.). London:
299:Editors and contributors
707:. In Ami Ayalon (ed.).
593:Middle Eastern Studies
24:. For other uses, see
1120:Le Commerce du Levant
918:Newspapers in Lebanon
197:on a weekly basis in
1180:Bilingual newspapers
1049:Defunct publications
669:10.2307/j.ctt183p4f5
252:Palestinian refugees
803:on 14 November 2021
568:. pp. 60, 67.
419:on 20 February 2019
291:The circulation of
205:History and profile
80:Political alignment
38:
1148:Lebanon Daily Star
793:"Law and Practice"
629:. pp. 45–46.
307:of the paper were
159:List of newspapers
36:
31:Lebanese newspaper
1157:
1156:
1113:La Revue du Liban
718:978-0-8133-0764-0
701:Itamar Rabinovich
500:978-0-3132-8535-6
450:978-1-85743-132-2
409:"Media Landscape"
391:978-90-04-03911-7
353:978-3-86596-168-6
313:Joseph Abu Khalil
188:
167:
166:
127:Sister newspapers
18:Al Amal (Tunisia)
1222:
1127:L'Hebdo Magazine
1031:Other newspapers
1021:L'Orient Le Jour
916:
915:
904:
897:
890:
881:
880:
869:
868:
866:
864:
847:
838:
837:
835:
833:
819:
813:
812:
810:
808:
799:. Archived from
789:
783:
782:
780:
778:
761:
755:
754:
752:
750:
742:Associated Press
732:
723:
722:
697:
691:
690:
650:
639:
638:
616:
610:
609:
587:
578:
577:
555:
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511:
505:
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486:
480:
479:
477:
475:
465:"Phalange Party"
461:
455:
454:
435:
429:
428:
426:
424:
415:. Archived from
405:
396:
395:
371:
358:
357:
337:
305:editors-in-chief
183:
181:
154:Media of Lebanon
75:
73:
68:
46:Weekly newspaper
39:
35:
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1225:
1224:
1223:
1221:
1220:
1219:
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1159:
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987:
920:
910:
908:
878:
873:
872:
862:
860:
848:
841:
831:
829:
827:Press Reference
823:"Lebanon Press"
821:
820:
816:
806:
804:
791:
790:
786:
776:
774:
770:Chicago Tribune
763:
762:
758:
748:
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733:
726:
719:
698:
694:
679:
651:
642:
617:
613:
588:
581:
556:
547:
532:
524:. p. 142.
512:
508:
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483:
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469:Country Studies
463:
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361:
354:
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334:
329:
301:
278:Lebanese Forces
207:
163:
145:
102:
71:
69:
66:
32:
29:
22:Al-'Amal (Aden)
12:
11:
5:
1228:
1218:
1217:
1212:
1207:
1202:
1197:
1192:
1187:
1182:
1177:
1172:
1155:
1154:
1152:
1151:
1144:
1141:Monday Morning
1137:
1130:
1123:
1116:
1109:
1102:
1095:
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1081:
1074:
1067:
1060:
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995:
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989:
988:
986:
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978:
971:
964:
957:
950:
943:
936:
928:
926:
925:Arabic dailies
922:
921:
907:
906:
899:
892:
884:
877:
876:External links
874:
871:
870:
839:
814:
784:
756:
724:
717:
692:
677:
640:
625:(PhD thesis).
611:
579:
545:
530:
520:(PhD thesis).
506:
499:
481:
456:
449:
430:
397:
390:
384:. p. 62.
359:
352:
331:
330:
328:
325:
303:The long-term
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30:
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2:
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1211:
1210:Phoenicianism
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992:Other dailies
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968:Al Joumhouria
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678:9780745332741
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564:(MA thesis).
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531:9798691260339
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274:Amine Gemayel
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1085:Al-Mustaqbal
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1039:Lisan al Hal
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1005:
998:
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980:
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945:
938:
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863:22 September
861:. Retrieved
855:
832:27 September
830:. Retrieved
826:
817:
805:. Retrieved
801:the original
787:
777:27 September
775:. Retrieved
768:
759:
747:. Retrieved
740:
708:
695:
687:j.ctt183p4f5
655:
621:
614:
597:
591:
560:
516:
509:
490:
484:
474:27 September
472:. Retrieved
468:
459:
439:
433:
423:27 September
421:. Retrieved
417:the original
412:
376:
342:
335:
321:Pierre Sadek
316:
309:Elias Rababi
302:
292:
290:
285:
282:Samir Geagea
267:
263:
260:Elie Hobeika
255:
249:
244:
236:
234:
229:
225:
221:
217:
209:
208:
191:Kataeb Party
170:
169:
168:
140:
133:
107:Headquarters
56:Kataeb Party
33:
661:Pluto Press
201:, Lebanon.
1164:Categories
1078:Al Ittihad
857:Al Monitor
807:5 February
749:5 February
635:1977906991
600:(4): 911.
574:2320987156
380:. Leiden:
327:References
214:right-wing
1190:Falangism
1071:Al Bayrak
933:Al Akhbar
540:304273708
269:Le Reveil
135:Le Reveil
1092:As-Safir
1064:Al-Balad
1057:Al Anwar
975:Al Liwaa
961:Al Binaa
954:Ad-Diyar
947:An-Nahar
940:El Shark
745:. Beirut
703:(1988).
631:ProQuest
570:ProQuest
536:ProQuest
413:Menassat
90:Language
52:Owner(s)
1014:Zartonk
982:Al Amal
606:4283765
317:Al Amal
293:Al Amal
286:Al Amal
264:Al Amal
256:Al Amal
245:Al Amal
237:Al Amal
226:Al Amal
218:Al Amal
210:Al Amal
187:
171:Al Amal
121:Lebanon
117:Country
70: (
62:Founded
37:Al Amal
26:Al Amal
1000:Ararad
715:
685:
675:
633:
604:
572:
538:
528:
497:
447:
388:
350:
241:crisis
230:Action
222:Action
199:Beirut
195:French
176:Arabic
141:Action
111:Beirut
99:French
96:Arabic
1134:Syrie
1007:Aztag
683:JSTOR
602:JSTOR
382:Brill
180:العمل
865:2013
834:2013
809:2022
779:2013
751:2022
713:ISBN
673:ISBN
526:ISBN
495:ISBN
476:2013
445:ISBN
425:2013
386:ISBN
348:ISBN
311:and
185:lit.
72:1939
65:1939
42:Type
1106:Ike
1099:Ayk
665:doi
1166::
854:.
842:^
825:.
795:.
767:.
739:.
727:^
681:.
671:.
643:^
598:31
596:.
582:^
548:^
534:.
467:.
411:.
400:^
362:^
284:,
182:,
178::
903:e
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889:v
867:.
836:.
811:.
781:.
753:.
721:.
689:.
667::
637:.
608:.
576:.
542:.
503:.
478:.
453:.
427:.
394:.
356:.
174:(
74:)
28:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.