Prince Albert Victor, Duke of Clarence and Avondale

1114: 928: 1083: 908:. At his trial the following January, the prosecution produced documents showing that Haddon's enlistment papers, marriage certificate, officer's commission, demobilisation papers and employment records all showed he was born in or before 1887, at least two years before Albert Victor met Mrs. Haddon. Haddon was found guilty and the judge, believing Haddon to be suffering from delusions, did not imprison him but bound him over for three years on the condition that he made no claim that he was Albert Victor's son. Haddon breached the conditions and was incarcerated for a year. Dismissed as a crank, he died a broken man. Even if Haddon's claim had been true, as with other illegitimate births it would have made no difference to the royal line of succession. 1672: 1200: 1551: 1624: 1638: 1792: 51: 1568: 536: 1655: 1211: 1730: 1706: 1534: 1631: 1611: 199: 1594: 1771: 4800: 958:. On 19 May 1890, she sent him a formal letter in which she expressed her opinions about Margaret's suitability to become queen: "Of the few possible Princesses (for of course any Lady in Society would never do) I think no one more likely to suit you and the position better than your Cousin Mossy ... She is not regularly pretty but she has a very pretty figure, is very amiable and half English with great love for England which you will find in very few if any others." Although Albert Victor's father approved, Queen Victoria's secretary 1764: 1747: 1521: 1962: 1952: 1942: 821: 1713: 686: 1581: 299: 1043:, who gave evidence at the inquest, it was alleged that he was merely a cover for the Prince, who had requested she give up her theatrical career on his behalf, and that the authorities sought to suppress the case by making the inquest private and refusing access to the depositions. Similarly to the Cleveland Street scandal, only overseas newspapers printed Albert Victor's name, but regional British newspapers did quote the radical London newspaper 478:, although this has recently been questioned, and he may have felt emotionally attached to Albert Victor, but whether or not his feelings were overtly homosexual is open to question. Stephen was initially optimistic about tutoring the prince, but by the time the party were to move to Cambridge had concluded, "I do not think he can possibly derive much benefit from attending lectures at Cambridge ... He hardly knows the meaning of the words 1689: 367: 4766: 1179:) lies above the tomb. Kneeling over him is an angel, holding a heavenly crown. The tomb is surrounded by an elaborate railing, with figures of saints. The perfectionist Gilbert spent too much on the commission, went bankrupt, and left the country. Five of the smaller figures were only completed with "a greater roughness and pittedness of texture" after his return to Britain in the 1920s. 761:, denied that her brother knew anything about Albert Victor. She wrote, "I am sure the boy is as straight as a line ... Arthur does not the least know how or where the boy spends his time ... he believes the boy to be perfectly innocent." Lady Waterford also believed Somerset's protestations of his own innocence. In surviving private letters to his friend 947:, he proposed to Alix, but she did not return his affections and refused his offer of engagement. He persisted in trying to convince Alix to marry him, but he finally gave up in 1890 when she sent him a letter in which she told him "how it grieves her to pain him, but that she cannot marry him, much as she likes him as a Cousin." In 1894, she married 754:

the French; one journalist present asked him if he would comment "as to the cause of his sudden departure from England". According to the report, "The Prince's sallow face turned scarlet and his eyes seemed to start from their orbits," and he had one of his companions upbraid the fellow for impertinence.

1186:

He was little known personally to the English public. His absence at sea, and on travels and duty with his regiment, kept him out of the general eye ... at times, there was a sallowness of hue, which much increased the grave aspect ... not only in the metropolis, but throughout the country,

887:

During the trip, Albert Victor met Mrs. Margery Haddon, the wife of a civil engineer, Henry Haddon. After several failed marriages and Albert Victor's death, Margery came to England and claimed the Prince was the father of her son, Clarence Haddon. There was no evidence and her claims were dismissed.

769:

I can quite understand the Prince of Wales being much annoyed at his son's name being coupled with the thing but that was the case before I left it ... we were both accused of going to this place but not together ... they will end by having out in open court exactly what they are all trying

753:

ridiculed him as a "dullard" and "stupid perverse boy", who would "never be allowed to ascend the British throne". According to one American press report, when departing the Gare du Nord in Paris in May 1890, Albert Victor was cheered by a waiting crowd of English, but hissed and catcalled by some of

1162:

Albert Victor's mother, Alexandra, never fully recovered from her son's death and kept the room in which he died as a shrine. At the funeral, Mary laid her intended bridal wreath of orange blossom upon the coffin. James Kenneth Stephen, Albert Victor's former tutor, refused all food from the day of

1320:

continued attempts to rehabilitate Albert Victor's reputation, arguing that his lack of academic progress was partly due to the incompetence of his tutor, Dalton; that he was a warm and charming man; that there is no tangible evidence that he was homosexual or bisexual; that he held liberal views,

807:

to clear him. The solicitor was struck off the rolls for his offence, but was thereafter reinstated." In fact, none of the lawyers in the case was convicted of perjury or struck off during the scandal, but Somerset's solicitor, Arthur Newton, was convicted of obstruction of justice for helping his

736:

In December 1889, it was reported that the Prince and Princess of Wales were "daily assailed with anonymous letters of the most outrageous character" bearing upon the scandal. The Prince of Wales intervened in the investigation; no clients were ever prosecuted and nothing against Albert Victor was

1255:

favoured the theory on "admittedly circumstantial" evidence that the "unspecified 'dissipations' were predominantly homosexual". Aronson's judgement was based on Albert Victor's "adoration of his elegant and possessive mother; his 'want of manliness'; his 'shrinking from horseplay'; his 'sweet,

1074:, which he may have suffered from on an earlier occasion, but the exact nature of his illness is unknown. Letters dated 1885 and 1886 from Albert Victor to his doctor at Aldershot (known only as "Roche") detail that he was taking medicine for 'glete' (gleet), then a term for gonorrhea discharge. 741:

was retained to watch the proceedings in the case on behalf of Albert Victor. Although there is no conclusive evidence for or against his involvement, or that he ever visited a homosexual club or brothel, the rumours and cover-up have led some biographers to speculate that he did visit Cleveland

1150:

The nation was shocked. Shops put up their shutters. The Prince of Wales wrote to the Queen, "Gladly would I have given my life for his". Princess Mary wrote to the Queen of the Princess of Wales, "the despairing look on her face was the most heart-rending thing I have ever seen." Prince George

720:

The resultant Cleveland Street scandal implicated other high-ranking figures in British society, and rumours swept upper-class London of the involvement of a member of the royal family, namely Prince Albert Victor. The prostitutes had not named Albert Victor, and it is suggested that Somerset's

1058:

Rumours also surfaced in 1900, after Albert Victor's death, of his association with another former Gaiety girl, Maude Richardson (birth name: Louisa Lancey), and that the royal family had attempted to pay her off. In 2002, letters purported to have been sent by Albert Victor to his solicitor

405:

Separating the brothers for the remainder of their education was considered, but Dalton advised the Prince of Wales against splitting them up as "Prince Albert Victor requires the stimulus of Prince George's company to induce him to work at all." In 1877, the two boys were sent to the

1277:

district of London, and either he or several high-ranking men committed the murders in an effort to cover up his indiscretion. Though such claims have been repeated frequently, scholars have dismissed them as fantasies, and refer to indisputable proof of the Prince's innocence.

493:

at Trinity College, which was generally reserved for accommodating dons rather than students. The prince showed little interest in the intellectual atmosphere, and he was excused from examinations, though he did become involved in undergraduate life. He was introduced to

1256:

gentle, quiet and charming' nature", as well as the Cleveland Street rumours and his opinion that there is "a certain amount of homosexuality in all men". He admitted, however, that "the allegations of Prince Eddy's homosexuality must be treated cautiously."

904:, in which he claimed he was born in London in September 1890, about nine months after Albert Victor's meeting with Mrs. Haddon. In 1933, he was charged with demanding money with menace and attempted extortion after writing to the King asking for 808:

clients escape abroad, and was sentenced to six weeks in prison. Over twenty years later in 1910, Newton was struck off for twelve months for professional misconduct after falsifying letters from another of his clients, the notorious murderer

896:

show that neither courtiers nor Margery had any proof to support the allegation. In a statement to police, Albert Victor's lawyers admitted that there had been "some relations" between him and Mrs. Haddon, but denied the claim of fatherhood.

1151:

wrote, "how deeply I did love him; & I remember with pain nearly every hard word & little quarrel I ever had with him & I long to ask his forgiveness, but, alas, it is too late now!" George took Albert Victor's place in the

671:. Of his private life, a childhood friend of Albert Victor later recalled that it was uneventful: "his brother officers had said that they would like to make a man of the world of him. Into that world he refused to be initiated." 790:

when they were acting for me and I thought they ought to know. Had they been wise, hearing what I knew and therefore what others knew, they ought to have hushed the matter up, instead of stirring it up as they did, with all the

742:

Street, and that he was "possibly bisexual, probably homosexual". This is contested by other commentators, one of whom refers to him as "ardently heterosexual" and his involvement in the rumours as "somewhat unfair". Historian

2765: 1027:

that he was in love once again, though he does not say with whom. A week after the first letter, he asked Erskine, "I wonder if you really love me a little? ... I should be very pleased if you did just a little bit."

386:

as their tutor. The two princes were given a strict programme of study, which included games and military drills as well as academic subjects. Dalton complained that Albert Victor's mind was "abnormally dormant".

506:, who later became his doctor and royal surgeon. It is not known whether he had any sexual experiences at Cambridge, but partners of either sex would have been available. In August 1884, he spent some time at 1139:

Albert Victor's parents, his sisters Princesses Maud and Victoria, his brother Prince George, his fiancée Princess Mary, her parents the Duke and Duchess of Teck, three physicians (Alan Reeve Manby,

290:, or that he was otherwise involved in the murders, but contemporaneous documents show that Albert Victor could not have been in London at the time of the murders, and the claim is widely dismissed. 428:

In 1879, after a great deal of discussion between the Queen, the Prince of Wales, their households and the Government, the royal brothers were sent as naval cadets on a three-year world tour aboard

510:

studying German, before returning to Cambridge. Leaving Cambridge in 1885, where he had already served as a cadet in the 2nd Cambridge University Battalion, he was gazetted as an officer in the

1251:

respectively, promoted hostile assessments of Albert Victor's life, portraying him as lazy, ill-educated and physically feeble. The exact nature of his "dissipations" is not clear, but in 1994

717:

to the Prince of Wales. At the time, all homosexual acts between men were illegal, and the clients faced social ostracism, prosecution and, at worst, two years' imprisonment with hard labour.

1312:

called his death a "merciful act of providence", supporting the theory that his death removed an unsuitable heir to the throne and replaced him with the reliable and sober George V. In 1972,

1224:

During his life, the bulk of the British press treated Albert Victor with nothing but respect and the eulogies that immediately followed his death were full of praise. The radical politician

2295: 623: 4770: 402:

or his premature birth, which can be associated with learning difficulties, but Lady Geraldine Somerset blamed Albert Victor's poor education on Dalton, whom she considered uninspiring.

4153: 783: 4192: 6319: 884:. Most of the extensive travelling was done by train, although elephants were ridden as part of ceremonies. In the style of the time, a great many animals were shot for sport. 6294: 1228:, who had met both Albert Victor and his brother George, noted that they had "a total absence of affectation or haughtiness". On the day of Albert Victor's death, the leading 1155:, eventually succeeding to the throne as George V in 1910. Drawn together during their shared period of mourning, Prince George later married Mary himself in 1893. She became 1175:, is "the finest single example of late 19th-century sculpture in the British Isles". A recumbent effigy of the Prince in a Hussar uniform (almost impossible to see properly 749:

While English newspapers suppressed mention of Albert Victor's name in association with the case, Welsh-language, colonial, and American newspapers were less inhibited. The

765:, Somerset denies knowing anything directly about Albert Victor, but confirms that he has heard the rumours, and hopes that they will help quash any prosecution. He wrote, 6189: 1297:, family journals and letters, newspaper reports and other sources, he could not have been near any of the murders. Other fanciful conspiracy theories are that he died of 2540: 973:, a pretender to the French throne who was living in England after being banished from France in 1886. At first, Queen Victoria opposed any engagement because Hélène was 1051:

of a certain young prince, and that, too, quite recently." It was labelled "a scandal of the first magnitude ... on the lips of every clubman", and compared to the

984:

To the couple's disappointment, Hélène's father refused to countenance the marriage and was adamant she could not convert. Hélène travelled personally to intercede with

1011:. The Queen was very supportive, considering Mary ideal—charming, sensible and pretty. On 3 December 1891 Albert Victor, to Mary's "great surprise", proposed to her at 6324: 5834: 5352: 5165: 4992: 6234: 1113: 616: 803:, who was a twelve-year-old schoolboy at the time of the scandal, that Albert Victor "had been involved in a male brothel scene, and that a solicitor had to commit 6329: 6304: 6259: 5886: 836:

from October 1889 to avoid the gossip which swept London society in the wake of the scandal. Actually the trip had been planned since the spring. Travelling via

5818: 5158: 4921: 1236:, wrote in his personal private diary "a great loss to our party". However, Queen Victoria referred to Albert Victor's "dissipated life" in private letters to 3683: 1000:, as his true love. Maud told her that "he is buried with your little coin around his neck" and Louise said that he is "yours in death". Hélène later became 927: 6239: 6038: 1333:

The conspiracy theories surrounding Albert Victor have led to his portrayal in film as somehow responsible for or involved in the Jack the Ripper murders.

609: 1066:

In mid-1890, Albert Victor was attended by several doctors. In Albert Victor's and other correspondence, his illness is only referred to as "fever" or "

5657: 5087: 259:

but did not undertake any active military duties. After two unsuccessful courtships, he became engaged to be married to his second cousin once removed

3160:

Blanche Beresford, Marchioness of Waterford to Reginald Brett, 2nd Viscount Esher, 31 December 1889, quoted in Aronson, p. 168 and Cook, pp. 196, 200.

5971: 5844: 977:. Once Albert Victor and Hélène confided their love to her, the Queen relented and supported the proposed marriage. Hélène offered to convert to the 4779: 5839: 5719: 5172: 4045:

The Maple Leaf and the White Cross: A History of St. John Ambulance and the Most Venerable Order of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem in Canada

1007:

By 1891, another potential bride, Princess Victoria Mary of Teck, was under consideration. Mary was the daughter of Queen Victoria's first cousin

5704: 5525: 5044: 4926: 3703:

released to the press and quoted in many newspapers, e.g. "The Death of the Duke of Clarence: Description of His Last Hours". (15 January 1892).

1970: 1147:) and three nurses were present. The Prince of Wales's chaplain, Canon Frederick Hervey, stood over Albert Victor reading prayers for the dying. 1082: 636:

One of Albert Victor's instructors said he learnt by listening rather than reading or writing and had no difficulty remembering information, but

17: 6219: 5714: 5345: 4286: 1063:

auction house in London. Owing to discrepancies in the dates and spelling of the letters, one historian has suggested they could be forgeries.

1040: 6274: 962:

informed her that Albert Victor's mother "would object most strongly and indeed has already done so." Nothing came of the Queen's suggestion.

6264: 6229: 5724: 5709: 5667: 5589: 5179: 5098: 3906: 1047:

which published: "It is a fact so well known that the blind denials of it given in some quarters are childishly futile. Lydia Manton was the

490: 6209: 6119: 5109: 5104: 1856: 1599: 282:. However, there is no conclusive evidence that he ever went there, or that he was homosexual. Some authors have argued that he was the 228:(Albert Victor Christian Edward; 8 January 1864 – 14 January 1892) was the eldest child of the Prince and Princess of Wales (later King 6204: 4962: 4189: 2173: 1502: 738: 274:

Albert Victor's intellect, sexuality, and mental health have been the subject of speculation. Rumours in his time linked him with the

6254: 6244: 5394: 5338: 4972: 4952: 4827: 3187:

Lord Arthur Somerset to Reginald Brett, 2nd Viscount Esher, 10 December 1889, quoted in Aronson, p. 170, Cook, pp. 199–200 and Hyde,

2231: 502:

who gave parties and "made pets of those undergraduates who were handsome and attractive", and became friendly with Dalton's godson,

3038: 5955: 5424: 5055: 4175: 3808: 3498:

Albert Victor writing to Lady Sybil Erskine, 21 June 1891, 28 June 1891 and 29 November 1891, quoted in Pope-Hennessy, pp. 199–200.

2548: 2353: 1890: 1873: 5860: 5441: 4272: 4167: 251:

Albert Victor was known to his family, and many later biographers, as "Eddy". When young, he travelled the world extensively as a

198: 6279: 5584: 5540: 5478: 5461: 5388: 4264: 2110: 2052: 1453: 1107: 1008: 812:. In 1913, Newton was struck off indefinitely and sentenced to three years' imprisonment for obtaining money by false pretences. 592: 572: 4778: 3791:

Roskill, Mark (1968). "Alfred Gilbert's Monument to the Duke of Clarence: A Study in the Sources of Later Victorian Sculpture."

6214: 5881: 5455: 5430: 5008: 4916: 4890: 2078: 2019: 1182:

One obituary, written by a journalist who claimed to have attended the majority of Albert Victor's public appearances, stated:

893: 888:

She had become an alcoholic and seemed deranged. The allegations were reported to Buckingham Palace and the head of the police

327: 6145: 5520: 5373: 5039: 4662: 4221: 4052: 3311: 2580: 2576: 2199: 1168: 1118: 787: 398:. The prince never excelled intellectually. Possible physical explanations for his inattention or indolence in class include 125: 470:

before arriving at university in the company of Dalton, French instructor Monsieur Hua, and a newly chosen tutor/companion,

6284: 6224: 6151: 4495: 3471:

Queen Victoria writing to Victoria, Princess Royal, 12 November 1891 and 19 November 1891, quoted in Pope-Hennessy, p. 207.

889: 721:

solicitor, Arthur Newton, fabricated and spread the rumours to take the heat off his client. Letters exchanged between the

710: 4320: 4312: 954:

After her proposed match with Alix fell through, the Queen suggested to Albert Victor that he marry another first cousin,

6139: 4605: 1269: 940: 597: 390:

Though Albert Victor learnt to speak his mother's native Danish, progress in other languages and subjects was slow. Sir

5488: 5213: 5115: 4977: 4895: 762: 730: 2919:

Rev. William Rogers quoted in Bullock, Charles (1892). "Prince Edward: A Memory", p. 53, quoted by Aronson, pp. 80–81.

966: 6269: 5813: 5766: 5152: 4931: 4795: 4737: 4695: 4677: 4647: 4632: 4614: 4594: 4579: 4561: 4543: 4528: 4510: 4480: 4465: 4428: 3858: 2640: 2620: 4027:

The Complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom, Extant, Extinct or Dormant

3144: 2766:"Clarence and Avondale, H.R.H. Albert Victor Christian Edward, afterwards Duke of Clarence and Avondale (CLRN883AV)" 1086:

Albert Victor's family illustrated in 1891 (based on a photograph from 1889): (left to right) Prince Albert Victor,

5803: 5568: 5249: 5203: 5186: 5142: 5018: 4982: 4967: 3595: 3535: 2568: 2552: 1983: 1349: 1199: 1152: 637: 237: 1163:

Albert Victor's death and died 20 days later; he had suffered a head injury in 1886 which left him suffering from

6334: 6112: 5610: 5361: 4107: 3621: 2441: 1776: 970: 382:, was born in June 1865. Given their closeness in age, they were educated together. In 1871, the Queen appointed 6314: 6309: 5530: 5082: 5049: 4987: 2564: 2415: 1440: 1316:

was the first modern author to re-assess Albert Victor and portray him in a more sympathetic light. Biographer

1216: 1204: 1156: 997: 582: 527: 520: 503: 311: 260: 176: 166: 455:

and Greece. They acquired tattoos in Japan. By the time they returned to Britain, Albert Victor was eighteen.

4820: 2560: 2556: 2473: 2379: 2321: 2015: 1526: 912: 641: 41: 5558: 5563: 5270: 5208: 1877: 1586: 1539: 1325:; and that his reputation was diminished by biographers eager to improve the image of his brother, George. 955: 5928: 5808: 5244: 5218: 5147: 4022: 1894: 1616: 1024: 1791: 900:

In the 1920s, however, the son, Clarence, repeated the story and published a book in the United States,

6289: 6249: 6105: 6073: 5662: 5615: 5092: 4885: 4869: 4237: 3350: 1752: 1643: 1015:, the country residence of the Danish ambassador to Britain. The wedding was set for 27 February 1892. 988:, but he confirmed her father's verdict, and the courtship ended. When Albert Victor died, his sisters 948: 459: 411: 213: 4791: 4030: 2967: 6339: 6068: 6013: 5987: 4846: 4549: 3178:

Lord Arthur Somerset to Reginald Brett, 2nd Viscount Esher, 10 December 1889, quoted in Cook, p. 197.

2885: 1677: 1408:

portrayed both "Prince Edward" and "Albert Sickert". The story, based largely on the same sources as

1313: 873: 50: 2615:

Lemmey, H., & Miller, B. (2022). Bad gays: a homosexual history. London ; New York, Verso.

6299: 5992: 5902: 5745: 5449: 5321:

Princes whose titles were removed and eligible people who do not use the title are shown in italics

5265: 4813: 3363: 2572: 1735: 1237: 825: 698: 680: 351: 275: 1070:". Some biographers have assumed he was suffering from "a mild form of venereal disease", perhaps 6052: 5594: 5303: 4600: 3377:

Beloved and Darling Child: Last Letters between Queen Victoria and her Eldest Daughter, 1886–1901

2536: 1630: 1492: 1302: 1264: 1233: 535: 1210: 417:. They began their studies there two months behind the other cadets as Albert Victor contracted 6344: 5761: 5293: 5223: 1991: 1907: 1309: 1129: 1099: 1032: 993: 758: 567: 264: 485:

At the start of the new term in October, Albert Victor, Dalton, and Lieutenant Henderson from

5865: 5740: 5688: 5483: 5298: 5276: 4139: 1718: 1694: 1623: 1466: 507: 471: 135: 5553: 4380: 4360: 4133: 3008: 2585: 663:

where he was promoted to captain. He was given more public engagements, visited Ireland and

6199: 6194: 5923: 5683: 5400: 4711: 4400: 4340: 3112: 2544: 1823: 1807: 1671: 1654: 1556: 1479: 1317: 1091: 770:

to keep quiet. I wonder if it is really a fact or only an invention of that arch ruffian H.

640:, had a less favourable opinion of him, calling him "an inveterate and incurable dawdler". 467: 429: 315: 187: 458:

The brothers were parted in 1883; George continued in the navy and Albert Victor attended

8: 6008: 5918: 5620: 5548: 5013: 4567: 3507:

Albert Victor writing to Lady Sybil Erskine 28 June 1891, quoted in Pope-Hennessy, p. 200

1933: 1550: 1533: 1244: 1052: 726: 694: 4799: 3805: 3684:

Albert Victor, Duke of Clarence: Two letters on the delicate matter of his sexual health

1117:

Alfred Gilbert's design for Albert Victor's tomb in the Albert Memorial Chapel close to

4743: 4683: 4405: 4385: 4365: 4345: 4080:[Portuguese Honours awarded to Princes of the House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha]. 2590: 1911: 1860: 1770: 1580: 1367: 1229: 1125: 1035:

chorus girl, Lydia Miller (stage name Lydia Manton), who committed suicide by drinking

743: 722: 668: 76: 4423:. London: Old Comrades' Association, 1946/Uckfield: Naval & Military Press, 2002. 4733: 4691: 4673: 4658: 4643: 4628: 4620: 4610: 4590: 4575: 4557: 4539: 4524: 4516: 4506: 4491: 4476: 4461: 4424: 4280: 4217: 4058: 4048: 3854: 3565: 2636: 2616: 1572: 1396:

in serialized form, which is based on Stephen Knight's theory. It was adapted into a

1286: 1263:

murders were first mentioned in print in 1962. It was later alleged, among others by

1144: 1133: 978: 463: 383: 371: 347: 100: 56: 1365:(1997), having previously played Albert Victor as a child in the 1975 TV miniseries 6128: 5330: 1995: 1814: 1610: 1593: 1397: 1343: 1282: 1243:

In the mid-20th century, the official biographers of Queen Mary and King George V,

1225: 1001: 702: 440: 4787:(1 ed.). Canterbury: the Honourable Society of the Middle Temple. p. 2. 4701: 4572:

The Other Love: An Historical and Contemporary Survey of Homosexuality in Britain

4211: 4196: 3924:

Aronson, p. 110; Cook, p. 9; Cornwell, pp. 133–135; Harrison, pp. 142–143; Hyde,

3911: 3812: 1763: 1418: 1401: 1338: 1322: 1290: 1260: 1248: 1031:

In late 1891, Albert Victor was implicated as having been involved with a former

944: 916: 832:

The foreign press suggested that Albert Victor was sent on a seven-month tour of

796: 399: 355: 335: 331: 287: 241: 233: 131: 4421:

The Shiny Seventh: History of the 7th (City of London) Battalion London Regiment

435:. Albert Victor was rated midshipman on his sixteenth birthday. They toured the 5315: 4836: 4018: 3700: 3432: 3428: 3131:

The Sexual Constitution of Political Authority: The 'Trials' of Same-Sex Desire

1929: 1637: 1567: 1387: 1294: 1172: 1140: 974: 959: 939:

In 1889, Queen Victoria expressed her wish that Albert Victor marry his cousin

779: 499: 495: 436: 391: 319: 307: 245: 72: 3418:

Albert Victor writing to his brother, George, quoted in Pope-Hennessy, p. 198.

2670:

Letter from Dalton in the Royal Archives, 6 April 1879, quoted in Cook, p. 52.

795:

The rumours persisted; sixty years later the official biographer of George V,

298: 6183: 5318:. Not a British prince by birth, but created a Prince of the United Kingdom. 4062: 3846: 2981: 1416:

by Doug Lucie. He also appears as a major but offstage character in the 2023

1376: 1347:

was released in 1979 with "Duke of Clarence (Eddy)" played by Robin Marchal.

1087: 1036: 989: 985: 577: 418: 283: 268: 4747: 3353:, 6 September 1889 and 7 October 1889, quoted in Cook, pp. 157–159, 183–185. 1259:

Rumours that Albert Victor may have committed, or been responsible for, the

981:, and Albert Victor offered to renounce his succession rights to marry her. 4453: 3045:(Canterbury, New Zealand), Volume XLVII, Issue 74518, 6 February 1890, p. 6 1987: 1796: 1660: 1354: 1252: 932: 800: 685: 511: 422: 256: 4554:

Clarence: The life of H.R.H. the Duke of Clarence and Avondale (1864–1892)

1055:, in which his father was called to give evidence at a trial for slander. 5793: 5239: 5132: 3145:

Albert Victor Hissed: Frenchmen Express Disapproval Of The English Prince

1961: 1951: 1941: 1520: 1405: 1358: 1305:, or that his death was faked to remove him from the line of succession. 1274: 1136:

in Norfolk on 14 January 1892, less than a week after his 28th birthday.

833: 820: 121: 3734:

Mary of Teck writing to Queen Victoria, quoted in Pope-Hennessy, p. 226.

2809:

Cook p. 103, quoting from correspondence in the Royal archives Z 474/63.

746:

wrote: "There is no evidence that he was homosexual, or even bisexual."

378:

When Albert Victor was just short of seventeen months old, his brother,

6158: 5515: 5034: 4957: 4911: 4785:

A catalogue of notable Middle Templars, with brief biographical notices

4754:, Oxford University Press. Accessed 1 May 2010. (Subscription required) 3583:

The Unreliable Life of Harry the Valet: The Great Victorian Jewel Thief

2866:

Major Miles quoted in Aronson, p. 81, Cook, p. 123 and Harrison, p. 92.

2136: 1839: 1383: 1095: 905: 809: 733:, make coded reference to Newton's threats to implicate Albert Victor. 543: 475: 407: 252: 229: 4190:

Staatshandbuch für das Großherzogtum Sachsen / Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach

1982:

With his dukedom, Albert Victor was granted a coat of arms, being the

5798: 5137: 4947: 2963: 1392: 1334: 1164: 1071: 1012: 869: 857: 841: 664: 652: 452: 366: 80: 6097: 4077: 2535:

His godparents were Queen Victoria (his paternal grandmother), King

5652: 5077: 4131: 4078:"Agraciamentos Portugueses Aos Príncipes da Casa Saxe-Coburgo-Gota" 3379:, Stroud: Sutton Publishing (1990), p. 108, QV to Vicky, 7 May 1890 2296:

Frederick William, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg

1298: 1124:

Just as plans for both his marriage to Mary and his appointment as

1103: 881: 877: 865: 660: 562: 395: 379: 306:

Albert Victor was born two months prematurely on 8 January 1864 at

6089:*Titled as Princes of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld before 11 February 1826 5099:

Prince Charles Edward, Duke of Albany and of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha

4805: 4748:"Albert Victor, Prince, duke of Clarence and Avondale (1864–1892)" 659:. He passed his examinations, and in March 1887, he was posted to 655:

was spent drilling, which he disliked, though he did like to play

1746: 1688: 1308:

Albert Victor's posthumous reputation became so bad that in 1964

1301:

or poison, that he was pushed off a cliff on the instructions of

1060: 804: 714: 279: 161: 108: 104: 84: 4792:

Portraits of Prince Albert Victor, Duke of Clarence and Avondale

4317:

Hof- und Staatshandbuch der Österreichisch-Ungarischen Monarchie

2028:

Ancestors of Prince Albert Victor, Duke of Clarence and Avondale

514:. In 1888, he was awarded an honorary degree by the university. 4765: 3853:, 14 January 1892, Volume XIII, p. 3. Oxford: Clarendon Press. 1999: 1712: 1705: 1187:

somehow, it was always said, 'He will never come to the throne.

853: 837: 444: 3024:

Howard, Philip (11 March 1975). "Victorian Scandal Revealed".

1969:

Honorary Colonel, Third City of London Rifle Volunteer Corps (

1167:. The prince is buried in the Albert Memorial Chapel close to 1059:

referring to a payoff made to Richardson of £200 were sold at

5040:

Prince Alfred, Duke of Edinburgh and of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha

2968:"The monarchs we never had: Prince Albert Victor (1864–1892)" 2003: 965:

By this time however, Albert Victor was falling in love with

861: 845: 706: 394:

thought that Albert Victor might have inherited his mother's

4157:(1890), "Herzogliche Sachsen-Ernestinischer Hausorden" p. 43 3327:"Letters to the King: Haddon bound over". (20 January 1934) 236:). From the time of his birth, he was second in the line of 4154:

Staatshandbücher für das Herzogtum Sachsen-Coburg und Gotha

2549:

Dowager Duchess of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg

1067: 849: 656: 448: 5166:

Johann Leopold, Hereditary Prince of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha

4993:

Prince William Frederick, Duke of Gloucester and Edinburgh

1273:, that Albert Victor fathered a child with a woman in the 443:, South Africa, Australia, Fiji, the Far East, Singapore, 2541:

Prince Johann of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg

996:

sympathized with Hélène and treated her, not his fiancée

4313:"Ritter-Orden: Königlich-ungarischer St. Stephans-orden" 3946:

Aronson, pp. 213–217; Cook, p. 10; McDonald pp. 193–199.

2979:

Cook, Andrew (1 November 2005) "The King Who Never Was"

697:

uncovered a male brothel operated by Charles Hammond in

4730:

The Complete Jack the Ripper: Fully Revised and Updated

4216:(in Danish). Syddansk Universitetsforlag. p. 470. 3480:

Diary of Mary of Teck, quoted in Pope-Hennessy, p. 210.

872:

he laid the foundation stone of the Glass House at the

6320:

Grand Crosses of the Order of Saint Stephen of Hungary

4922:

Prince William Henry, Duke of Gloucester and Edinburgh

3525:(Manchester, England), Saturday, 10 October 1891, p. 5 3310:

Day, Peter and Ungoed-Thomas, John (27 November 2005)

2539:(his maternal grandfather, represented by his brother 856:

on 9 November 1889. He was entertained sumptuously in

6295:

Peers of the United Kingdom created by Queen Victoria

4125: 1128:

were under discussion, Albert Victor fell ill in the

267:. Mary later married his younger brother, the future 5360: 4174:(in German), Darmstadt: Staatsverlag, 1885, p. 3928:, p. 58; Meikle, pp. 146–147; Rumbelow, pp. 209–244. 3523:

Manchester Courier and Lancashire General Advertiser

2817: 2815: 911:

On his return from India, Albert Victor was created

439:, accompanied by Dalton, visiting the Americas, the 6190: