2035:. Under Mulroney, the NEP was rapidly dismantled, and Albertans had new hope for achieving a better-negotiated resource wealth distribution. This caused the Alberta separatist movement to dissipate significantly. Yet, the Mulroney government was a disappointment since the majority of MPs were elected from central Canada, and Alberta's concerns largely ignored. By the time he left office in 1993, Mulroney was perhaps the most hated prime minister due to various allegations of corruption pertaining to the sale of Canadian assets. Mulroney awarded the contract for maintenance of CF-18 fighter jets to the Montreal-based Bombardier Aerospace company, a decision that engendered so much anger in Western Canada, since Western Canada produced a better bid, that it directly led to the formation of the
1879:, and also left the province with an infrastructure deficit. In particular, the Alberta Heritage Fund was meant to save as much of the earnings during high oil prices to act as a "rainy day" cushion if oil prices collapsed because of the cyclical nature of the oil and gas industry. The NEP was one reason that the fund failed to grow to its full potential. According to Mary Elizabeth Vicente, an Edmonton librarian who wrote an article on the National Energy Program in 2005, the popular western slogan during the NEP, appearing on many bumper stickers, was "Let the Eastern bastards freeze in the dark." Other bumpers stated "I'd rather push this thing a mile than buy gas from PetroCan."
2242:
1532:
1524:
2764:
1411:
419:
114:
2303:, in 2015 Alberta paid $ 27 billion more into the federal treasury than it received back in services. And that "Anywhere else in the world, this would be a secessionist crisis... There is no other place in the world where you have one province that is lightly populated but very rich, that doesn't have a certain degree of rebellion. The redistribution system that Canada has with the transfer payments, anywhere else would have social instability. But to be blunt, Canadians are just too damn polite."
1578:. Aberhart's followers called for separation from Canada, but Aberhart himself counselled moderation and rejected secession. The separatist movement was ridiculed by the media as a fringe movement of the uneducated. Manning, however, had been a devoutly loyal supporter of Aberhart from the very beginning. He honoured Aberhart's 1935 promise to issue a prosperity certificate to Albertans twice. In 1957, his government announced a $ 20 oil royalty dividend and issued a $ 17 dividend the next year.
213:
1423:
1818:
4120:
126:
1826:
4146:
25:
1654:
2195:
2012:
1626:, Anglo-Canadian, and Home Oil, also experienced incredible success. But Alberta was still was "heavily rural and bitter with western grievance. Freight rates and protectionism made economic diversification in the prairies all but impossible. It was said to be cheaper to send cows and grain to be slaughtered in Ontario than it was to ship meat."
1851:
intrusion by the federal government into the province's affairs. Edmonton economist Scarfe argued that for people in
Western Canada, especially Alberta, the NEP was perceived to be at their expense in benefiting the eastern provinces. Particularly vilified was Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau, whose Liberals
2298:
Zeihan also stated that "Right now, every man, woman and child in
Alberta pays $ 6,000 more into the national budget than they get back. Alberta is the only province that is a net contributor to that budget — by 2020, the number will exceed $ 20,000 per person, $ 40,000 per taxpayer. That will be the
1510:
Alberta was established as a province on
September 1, 1905. Alberta separatism comes from the belief that many Albertans hold that they are culturally and economically distinct from the rest of Canada, particularly Central Canada and Eastern Canada, because of economic imbalances whereby Alberta is a
2140:. Due to Harper's Reform roots, Albertans held faith that he would be the trusted figure to protect Alberta's interests. As a result, Alberta's separatist movement sat on the side-lines, with uncertain prospects. Some pundits predicted that this result would cause support for separatism to ebb away.
2310:
indicated that 62% of
Albertans believe that Alberta "does not get its fair share from Confederation" (up from 45% in 1997), 46% feel "more attached to their province than to their country" (up from 39% in 1997), 34% "feel less committed to Canada than I did a few years ago" (up from 22% in 1997),
2374:
found that 41% of respondents would support independence in a referendum, 50% would be opposed, and 9% weren't sure. Removing undecideds, 45% would support and 55% would be opposed. Respondents were also asked if they would support a referendum if "the federal government is unwilling to negotiate
2070:
Without the existence of the Reform Party to articulate
Alberta's concerns, the separatist movement in the early twenty-first century began to organize meaningfully for the first time since the 1980s. Again though, separatism would place faith in a favourable federal government, only to again be
2046:
as an alternative to
Alberta separation, until 1986 when he reverted his opinion back to the previous separatist position of the WCC. In 1987 Ramsay joined the Reform Party of Alberta and ran in a by-election where he finished second. This would be the last time the party would run a candidate.
1850:
caused high unemployment in
Alberta. The Petroleum Incentives Program, part of the NEP, was criticized for luring exploration capital away from Alberta. With natural resources falling constitutionally within the domain of provincial jurisdictions, many Albertans viewed the NEP as a detrimental
1901:, a British Columbia lawyer, formed the WCC in an effort to promote Western separatism. In 1980 2700 people gathered for a rally at the Jubilee Auditorium in Edmonton, to listen to a speech from Christie. in which he said " are begging Quebec: 'Please vote for us!' No more begging,". In 1982,
1870:
led worldwide oil prices to tank, making
Albertan oil uneconomical even in Eastern Canada, causing it to instead purchase foreign oil. This discredited the NEP – as "self-sufficiency" was one of its touted goals. Even though the NEP was often seen as an economic catastrophe, the NEP was never
3769:
1874:
Alberta still initially enjoyed an economic surplus due to high oil prices, but the surplus was heavily reduced by the NEP, which, in turn, stymied many of
Lougheed's policies for economic diversification to reduce Alberta's dependence on the cyclical energy industry, such as the
1841:
Trudeau, and support for
Alberta separatism and anger toward the federal government reached new level of popular support. Trudeau introduced a 25% tax to Alberta's oil. After the introduction of the NEP, Alberta's oil industry collapsed, with a drastic reduction in the number of
2168:
Also, some politicians believe, and at least one poll indicated that a much larger portion of the Alberta population may be at least sympathetic to the notion of secession than was indicated by election results. In January 2004, Premier Ralph Klein told the Canadian edition of
1740:) and a few similarly minded oil-rich nations had ceased all oil exports to the United States and countries that supported Israel. The price of oil sold to North America quadrupled within months, and service stations again ran out of fuel, long lines were evident at
2387:, which has been approved by the Supreme Court of Canada, governs the process a province should follow to achieve separation. The first step is a province-wide referendum with a clear question. The size of majority support required by referendum is not defined.
1960:
and metrication, abolishing the Senate, and equal representation to the four regions. A year later Knutson resigned, but in all had significantly inspired many Albertans to join Doug Christie's Western Canada Concept, which was running candidates in elections.
1890:. This led to a centre-right-controlled legislature for decades. The Alberta Liberals never held any sizable legislative power again. Many prominent citizens were inspired to push forward Alberta separatist principles. This sentiment gave rise to the
2054:, a right-wing populist federal party, along the lines of non-separatist sentiments and significant popularity. Manning would attract many Albertans that were separatists. The Reform Party existed from 1987 to 2000 when it merged into the
1783:'s Liberal party Albertans were hopeful a change in federal energy policy would occur. These ideas were harnessed during Clark's unsuccessful 1980 election campaign. Clark, an Albertan, lost the election and resigned the leadership of the
2097:
as the Kyoto treaty was believed to have negative effects on the provincial economy, which is based to a large degree on the oil and gas industry. (Alberta had the world's second largest proven reserves of oil, behind only Saudi Arabia.)
1894:(WCC) and West-Fed which held well-attended meetings across Alberta. Many of the people attracted to these parties were not necessarily advocating for independence but were advocating for the fair treatment of Alberta and its resources.
4081:(St. Catharines, ON: Freedom Press Canada Inc., 2009) 138 pp, favourable account that concludes, "The odds of Alberta actually leaving Confederation are remote, at this point." However, he adds, "in my view, separatism has a future."
1999:
Although WCC won almost 12% of the popular vote (over 111,000 votes), Kesler was defeated after changing ridings, and no other candidate was elected. The WCC still managed a strong third-place showing in another by-election, in
2275:, Mr. Trudeau was loudly booed by the crowd. His unpopularity in Alberta is a significant rallying point for Alberta separatists. The topic of Alberta separating from Canada is the subject of a number mainstream media reports.
1685:
stance producing unfavorable results for Western Canada including Alberta and its natural resources. In the end, the Independent Alberta Association did not move beyond association status, and did not form a political party.
1956:. By mid-1983 it was registered as an official provincial party in Alberta and by 1984 it was registered federally and ran 54 candidates but none were elected. Major platform initiatives included opposition to compulsory
1747:
The Alberta government and the Canadian federal government responded politically to address oil reserves and conservation of petroleum resources. In 1971, the Alberta Social Credit Party provincial government, headed by
3509:
Kevin Steel, "A nation torn apart: An exclusive Western Standard poll shows more than a third of westerners are thinking of separating from Canada. What's dividing the country—and can anything be done to save it?,"
2311:
18% believe "the views of western Canadians are adequately represented in Ottawa" (down from 22% in 2001), and 25% believe "My province would be better off if it separated from Canada" (up from 19% in 2001).
3166:
3141:
2375:
with Alberta on a new constitutional arrangement", 48% said yes, while 52% said no. Support for independence was higher outside of Alberta's two biggest cities, with Edmonton being the most opposed.
3116:
2271:
tomorrow. We need to phase them out. We need to manage the transition off of our dependence on fossil fuels. That is going to take time," The next day at a Calgary vs Edmonton hockey game in
943:
1859:, a senior bureaucrat in the Trudeau Liberal government, helped to develop the National Energy Program and earned himself the moniker "Red Ed" in the Alberta oil industry. Shortly after
3651:
2090:. 61.7% of Alberta voters voted for the opposition Conservative Party – 22% supported the Liberals, although how many of these Conservative voters were separatist can only be guessed.
3066:
2290:
The core issue is pretty simple. While the Québécois—and to a slightly lesser degree the rest of Canada—now need Alberta to maintain their standard of living, the Albertans now need
3030:
3003:
2616:
2042:
After this, the WCC experienced a resurgence, and in 1987 ran candidate Jack Ramsay, who in 1982 had become the leader of the party. Ramsay notably and significantly argued for the
1674:
4042:
3408:
2181:
pegged support for the idea that "Western Canadians should begin to explore the idea of forming their own country." at 42% in Alberta and 35.6% across the four Western provinces
1650:. These programs were seen by many Albertans as an attack on oil resources; the promotion of Liberal "anti-Albertan" values were viewed as a negative influence by many Albertans.
1757:
1587:
3477:
1563:, who had said that he "would not give a five-cent piece" to non-Liberal provincial governments for unemployment relief. The federal government deemed implementing a form of
3811:
3837:
1025:
1932:. Knutson denied being a separatist, but West-Fed was widely regarded as a separatist organization. In 1983, Knutson attempted but failed, to win the leadership of the
1594:
The discovery of vast reserves of oil ushered in a twenty-year period of intense exploration, new discoveries, and rapid expansion of Alberta's oil industry. In 1948,
3986:
3790:
2286:
presented the reasons why he believed both Alberta and the U.S. would benefit from Alberta joining the United States as the 51st state. Quote from page 263 of book:
4084:
Zeihan, Peter (2014). The Accidental Superpower: The Next Generation of American Preeminence and the Coming Global Disorder. (Chapter devoted to Alberta separatism)
2136:. Harper had been a significant figure in the Reform Party, became leader of the Canadian Alliance in 2002, then merged with the PC Party in 2003, forming the
1040:
3604:
3584:
2205:
3863:
1970:
found that 2.7 per cent supported independence. Support for separatism spiked sharply after Pierre Trudeau became prime minister; in a 1981 poll by the
1736:. Gasoline prices, which had earlier stabilized somewhat since 1973, spiked again. Some members of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (
1717:
prices dictated. Across North America, long lines could be seen at gas stations, and people started to realize the need to conserve energy resources.
1453:
3681:
2865:
2349:. On November 4, 2019, the separation group "Wexit Alberta" applied for federal political party status. On November 6, 2019, a poll conducted by
1143:
1020:
1010:
3367:
4456:
4233:
1045:
4046:
3659:
4200:
1833:
Due to the high oil prices of the 1970s Alberta experienced a boom in its oil sector and the entire economy as a whole. In October 1980, the
1030:
340:
3959:
1086:
4255:
1810:
was formed. This caused the already-brewing separatist movement in western Canada to attract thousands of people to rallies. Separatist
1477:
from Canada, either by joining the United States, forming an independent nation or by creating a new union with one or more of Canada's
4109:
3481:
2161:
in March 2006 that under his leadership, if a future federal government persisted in bringing in policies harmful to Alberta such as a
1325:
1015:
333:
3518:
2711:
2263:, became prime minister with a majority government, and re-inspired the Alberta separatist movement. While speaking at a town hall in
2109:
nominated 12 candidates who won 4,680 votes, 0.5% of the provincial total. No candidates were elected. This was less support than the
2647:
2318:
found 50% of Albertans would support secession from Canada but also found the likelihood that Alberta would separate to be "remote."
1285:
1133:
1035:
3435:
3391:
2221:
2020:
1945:
1784:
1772:
1764:, over the management and distribution of Alberta's oil resources, and financial wealth, setting the stage for Alberta separatism.
1515:. Furthermore, the majority of Alberta's trade flows north–south with the United States and not east–west with the rest of Canada.
1096:
383:
1602:
and was producing almost 30 percent of the entire province's output. In 1949 alone Twelve new oil fields were discovered from the
4167:
2036:
3625:
1974:, 49% agreed that "Western Canadians get so few benefits from being part of Canada that they might as well go it on their own."
4411:
4389:
4379:
4223:
2406:
1265:
1005:
3930:
4497:
3562:
3535:
2410:
4267:
3994:
2792:
1446:
1128:
3723:
4568:
4238:
3204:
1876:
1598:
discovered the Redwater oil reserve, 64 km (40 mi.) northeast of Edmonton. By 1953 the oil field supported 926
1551:
created the Social Credit party with the aim of bringing financial relief to Albertans who were suffering because of the
1345:
4087:
4245:
1373:
1270:
1123:
968:
628:
4527:
4451:
4438:
4218:
2958:
2144:
2143:
The notion of Alberta secession from Canada gained sympathy from some figures within Alberta's conservative parties.
1378:
326:
67:
1756:, the first of its kind, with a mandate to manage and conserve Alberta's natural resources. Federally, in 1974, the
4512:
4016:
2807:
2787:
873:
3903:
3300:
3067:"A legacy rich as oil: Ex-Alberta premier Peter Lougheed's ideas imprinted on party still in power 41 years later"
4210:
3048:
In mid–1953 the successful completion of the wildcat, Pembina No. 1, recorded the discovery of the Pembina field.
2879:
2209:
1906:
1639:
1571:
1512:
1439:
460:
400:
34:
3745:
2742:
1574:, thereby voiding provincial legislation. Premier Aberhart secured provincially-owned banks and distribution of
4154:
4102:
3704:
3451:
2915:
2782:
2322:
2252:
2133:
2075:
2032:
1937:
1852:
3888:
1677:. Central to the argument was the fact that Alberta would pay billions of dollars towards Canada, but without
4563:
4446:
4331:
4189:
2401:
2114:
2102:
1985:
1933:
1887:
1882:
So great was the hatred towards Trudeau that anything associated with him was destroyed in the province. The
1681:
equal to that of Central and Eastern Canada. Many expressed the opinion that Trudeau would continue his hard
1275:
1106:
893:
455:
2986:
Donn Downey, "OBITUARY / Ernest Charles Manning History of former Alberta premier also history of Socreds,"
4558:
4482:
4287:
4228:
2315:
2137:
2059:
1280:
973:
376:
292:
4195:
3812:"'Ottawa doesn't care': Western separatist movement gains traction as Albertans react to Liberal victory"
2802:
2106:
1989:
1666:
1560:
1540:
1315:
1310:
983:
978:
358:
347:
285:
299:
4421:
4355:
4314:
2125:
2110:
1643:
1290:
1091:
643:
3409:"WAGNER: How Pierre Trudeau created the Alberta independence movement, and his son made it mainstream"
1000:
4492:
4275:
4095:
3022:
2338:
1949:
1485:
and other provinces, historical grievances with the federal government dating back to the unrealized
1055:
278:
2893:
923:
4522:
4321:
2837:
2678:
1678:
1634:
The modern ideal for a separate Alberta nation began in the 1970s, as a response to Prime Minister
1481:. The main issues driving separatist sentiment have been the perceived power disparity relative to
1148:
580:
3791:"A new poll suggests Alberta is the province that most wants to separate from Canada — not Quebec"
2175:
that one in four Albertans were in support of separation. An August 2005 poll commissioned by the
1469:
comprises a series of 20th- and 21st-century movements (both historic and current) advocating the
4502:
4309:
2213:
2079:
1838:
1834:
1800:
1647:
1556:
1368:
1260:
1111:
995:
369:
230:
3432:
3388:
3340:
2241:
1697:
of 1979. The first was caused by the decision of the US to support Israel, which in turn caused
4343:
3091:
2817:
2051:
1971:
1948:(CoR) was based on the premise that Canada consists of four regions, each of which should have
1898:
1891:
1753:
1575:
1320:
1101:
585:
408:
306:
38:
4367:
3323:
2950:
2001:
1941:
1883:
1733:
1220:
4487:
3515:
2264:
1330:
613:
525:
520:
4043:"WS Exclusive POLL: Support for Alberta independence hits new high – The Western Standard"
49:
8:
4532:
4507:
4477:
4131:
4123:
4117:
2797:
2777:
2522:
2129:
2087:
2083:
1993:
1953:
1776:
1486:
1427:
1305:
1201:
1153:
883:
590:
505:
500:
438:
251:
4517:
4472:
4394:
4177:
3864:"#Wexit: Company says bots, aggregators boosted Alberta separatist movement on Twitter"
3585:"Why leaving Canada makes sense for Alberta, and U.S. would likely welcome a new state"
3274:
2812:
2584:
2171:
2152:
1978:
1929:
1925:
1725:
1694:
1494:
1383:
1350:
1050:
510:
443:
244:
237:
2490:
1531:
4537:
3770:"Lawrence Solomon: If Alberta turns separatist, the Rest of Canada is in big trouble"
3266:
2954:
2943:
2300:
2062:. These mergers left a void to those interested in furthering separatist principles.
2055:
1729:
1669:
from Canada, many Albertans also began to consider separation. This resulted in some
1611:
1490:
1081:
933:
751:
716:
638:
3230:
McKenzie, Helen, ed. (1981), "Current Issues System: Western Alienation in Canada",
3167:"The Energy Crises: 1973 and 1978–79 – Conventional Oil – Alberta's Energy Heritage"
3142:"The Energy Crises: 1973 and 1978–79 – Conventional Oil – Alberta's Energy Heritage"
3117:"The Energy Crises: 1973 and 1978–79 – Conventional Oil – Alberta's Energy Heritage"
2916:"Unpacking Canada's Equalization Payments for 2018–19 – The School of Public Policy"
2058:. In 2003, it merged with the Progressive Conservative Party to form the modern-day
564:
3765:
3705:"Analysis: Another decade, another Trudeau, another stab at sovereignty in Alberta"
3258:
3039:
2370:
2177:
1615:
1567:
1552:
1544:
1523:
1340:
1335:
1295:
1234:
1214:
913:
791:
786:
771:
711:
696:
686:
194:
3368:"Programme énergétique national : l'est l'a oublié, l'ouest le hait toujours"
1964:
Before 1980, separatism was a very fringe idea; for example, a 1977 survey by the
1497:, and Canadian fiscal policy, particularly as it pertains to the energy industry.
4404:
3522:
3439:
3395:
2043:
1886:
lost thousands of members, and won no seats in the provincial legislature in the
1856:
1788:
1761:
1721:
1689:
Other influences in the 1970s included two major oil crises: coinciding with the
903:
761:
668:
663:
658:
575:
530:
495:
113:
4372:
4280:
4185:
3904:"Separatist sentiment in Alberta, Saskatchewan at 'historic' highs: Ipsos poll"
3774:
2427:
2342:
2334:
2260:
2256:
2245:
2121:
2094:
2024:
1981:
1966:
1867:
1860:
1807:
1780:
1690:
1635:
1603:
1548:
1478:
1388:
1158:
781:
766:
756:
746:
731:
570:
433:
418:
1581:
45:
4552:
4299:
4292:
4250:
4162:
3795:
3589:
3270:
2769:
1921:
1910:
1902:
1811:
1714:
1713:
that resulted in Alberta receiving substantially less price for oil than the
1564:
1415:
1194:
1181:
834:
701:
691:
653:
648:
623:
535:
119:
103:
2851:
1794:
1728:. In 1978, a revolutionary anti-American government headed by the Ayatollah
4336:
2414:
2362:
2358:
2346:
2279:
2005:
1957:
1741:
1619:
1595:
1241:
1187:
824:
633:
608:
470:
3478:"Alberta Oil & Gas Prospect Re-Starts Operations – Science – redOrbit"
1653:
448:
212:
4426:
4137:
3935:
3908:
2838:"The man behind WEXIT wants Alberta to become the 51st state | News"
2384:
2157:
2148:
2028:
1749:
1710:
1698:
1227:
1060:
829:
814:
809:
776:
741:
736:
721:
618:
540:
475:
4020:
3838:"Canada, Wexit targeted in Russian disinformation campaign, experts say"
2866:"LITTLEJOHN: Alberta as the 51st State isn't a crazy as you might think"
2299:
greatest wealth transfer in per capita terms in the Western world." Per
1817:
3278:
3246:
2162:
1682:
1662:
1518:
1208:
1138:
854:
849:
844:
839:
819:
706:
178:
2267:, Ontario, on January 13, 2017, Trudeau said, "We can't shut down the
3247:"The Federal Budget and Energy Program, October 28th, 1980: A Review"
2251:
Support for Albertan separatism has increased significantly with the
1843:
1768:
1470:
726:
545:
95:
4145:
3626:"Prime Minister Justin Trudeau Booed At Edmonton Oilers Hockey Game"
3262:
3092:"Desert Sun 26 March 1980 — California Digital Newspaper Collection"
1825:
1724:
was again due to decreased oil output, this time in the wake of the
1618:
and the extreme northwest Alberta. Many of the fields were found by
1570:
and invoked its rarely used power of disallowance under S.56 of the
3708:
2326:
2272:
2268:
1917:
1847:
1607:
1599:
515:
4119:
3682:"Peter Zeihan says Alberta would be better off as 51st U.S. state"
3043:
2353:
show a historic high of interest of secession from Canada in both
1821:
Long-term oil prices, 1861–2007 (top line adjusted for inflation).
1543:, which formed the Government of Alberta after the 1935 election.
125:
3605:"Trudeau's oil sands 'phase-out' comments spark anger in Alberta"
2354:
2337:) trended on social media. However, experts and an analysis from
1871:
overturned by Trudeau's government, staying in place until 1985.
1760:
was created. Conflict arose between Alberta and Canada after the
1670:
1555:. The party's success was fuelled by a wave of resentment at the
1474:
1300:
202:
1988:
in which the party nominated 78 candidates in the province's 79
1629:
2330:
2321:
After Justin Trudeau's re-election on October 21, 2019, in the
1622:, but other major oil companies, such as British-American oil,
1482:
138:
99:
1814:
was elected to the Alberta legislature in a 1982 by-election.
1489:, a sense of distinctiveness with regards to Alberta's unique
3750:
3190:
Bell, Edward. "'Separatism and Quasi-Separatism in Alberta,"
2390:
2361:
provinces by 33% and 27%, respectively. On January 12, 2020,
2350:
2307:
1706:
1702:
4063:
Bell, Edward. "Separatism and Quasi-Separatism in Alberta",
3232:
Research Branch, Library of Parliament, Government of Canada
1944:
that would provide Alberta with more regional autonomy. The
1913:
as a candidate of the WCC and attracted national attention.
1586:
3960:"Wexit party granted eligibility for next federal election"
3328:
Canada's Digital Collections. Heritage Community Foundation
2011:
1737:
1623:
1582:
1940s to 1960s: after World War II, monopolies, Alberta gas
1176:
465:
2259:'s Liberal Party on October 19, 2015. Trudeau, the son of
3931:"Ipsos poll on Western separation records historic highs"
3536:"Separatists getting louder with a quiet Alberta economy"
2050:
Alberta prominent citizen Preston Manning would take the
1795:
1980s and 1990s: Liberals, NDP, Conservatives, resurgence
2128:
system and in 2006 became Prime Minister of Canada in a
1924:, who was credited with inspiring the transformation of
3889:"Wexit group applies to become federal political party"
2421:
2395:
2365:
was granted eligibility for the next federal election.
2184:
2093:
There was significant opposition within Alberta to the
4072:
Western separatism: the myths, realities & dangers
3205:"Remember when? Alberta's economy under Trudeau (Sr.)"
3724:"The Last Best West: Meet Alberta's New Separatists"
3652:"Talk of the Town: Is separatism rising here again?"
3563:"The Last Best West: Meet Alberta's New Separatists"
2759:
2027:
won a majority government, defeating Prime Minister
1519:
1930s separatism and the Alberta Social Credit Party
2378:
2294:
to be a part of Canada in order to maintain theirs.
1996:and structural leadership problems within the WCC.
3578:
3576:
3574:
3572:
2942:
1837:(NEP) was created by the federal government under
3299:Stewart, Sinclair; Perkins, Tara (May 14, 2009).
1732:overthrew the America-friendly government of the
4550:
3722:Brown/Lamoureux, Drew/Mack (February 29, 2016).
3060:
3058:
3056:
2341:, demonstrated that part of the push was due to
2165:, "(Alberta is) going to take steps to secede."
3721:
3569:
2065:
1846:drilled. Abandonment of major projects such as
169:19,531 km (7,541 sq mi) 3%
4067:, Sep 2007, Vol. 32, Issue 2, pp. 335–355
3298:
2880:"Could Alberta, Canada become the 51st state?"
2783:Movements for an American annexation of Canada
2368:A May 2020 poll by Northwest Research for the
4103:
3987:"POLL: 45–48% of Albertans back independence"
3746:"Western Alienation on the Rise? Not So Much"
3341:"Let the eastern bastards freeze in the dark"
3292:
3223:
3197:
3053:
1992:(electoral districts). Highlighted was major
1806:In 1980, a Liberal majority government under
1630:1970s: beginnings of modern separatist ideals
1447:
1031:Progressive Conservative Party of Nova Scotia
377:
130:Alberta in orange shown within Canada (beige)
2117:, when 15 candidates attracted 7,500 votes.
1936:. A year later in 1984, Knutson founded the
1863:had taken office, Clark was promptly fired.
3557:
3555:
3553:
2333:", the United Kingdom's departure from the
2147:, who was one of the contenders to succeed
2124:succeeded against the odds of the Canadian
1803:; see that page's history for attribution.
1539:Separatism emerged in the 1930s within the
4110:
4096:
3315:
2690:
2659:
2627:
2595:
2563:
2501:
2469:
2391:Political parties interested in separation
2019:The party's popularity declined after the
1916:In addition, West-Fed was founded, led by
1454:
1440:
1326:Progressive Group for Independent Business
1144:Progressive Conservative Assoc. of Alberta
1016:Progressive Conservative Party of Manitoba
384:
370:
48:. Please do not remove this message until
3715:
2722:
1286:Citizens Centre for Freedom and Democracy
1134:Conservative Party of Quebec (historical)
1036:Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario
161:640,081 km (247,137 sq mi)
153:661,848 km (255,541 sq mi)
68:Learn how and when to remove this message
16:Advocacy for Alberta seceding from Canada
3550:
3366:ROQUETTE, TIPHANIE (November 20, 2020).
3365:
3322:Vicente, Mary Elizabeth (January 2005),
3229:
2686:Sample size was 3,000 for all of Canada
2655:Sample size was 1,000 for all of Canada
2240:
2208:: vague phrasing that often accompanies
2010:
1946:Confederation of Regions Party of Canada
1824:
1816:
1652:
1585:
1530:
1522:
1097:Progressive Conservative Party of Canada
1087:Conservative Party of Canada (1867–1942)
118:Alberta is shown in dark green with the
44:Relevant discussion may be found on the
3764:
3702:
3321:
2998:
2996:
2004:, held in 1985, following the death of
1046:Progressive Conservative Party of Sask.
80:Proposed secessionist state from Canada
4551:
3984:
3901:
3861:
3809:
3582:
3533:
3406:
3244:
3064:
3020:
2940:
2407:Wildrose Independence Party of Alberta
1511:net over-contributor to the system of
1266:Canadian Centre for Bio-Ethical Reform
1006:Conservative Party of British Columbia
4091:
3835:
3788:
3194:Sep 2007, Vol. 32 Issue 2, pp 335–355
2949:. McClelland & Stewart. pp.
2852:"Alberta as the 51st state? | CBC.ca"
2455:
2452:
2449:
2446:
2443:
2411:Freedom Conservative Party of Alberta
1041:Progressive Conservative Party of PEI
2993:
2793:List of political parties in Alberta
2422:Registered federal political parties
2396:Registered Alberta political parties
2188:
2185:Late 2010s to early 2020s resurgence
1590:Leduc No. 1 well after striking oil.
1129:British Columbia Social Credit Party
1026:Progressive Conservative Party of NL
1021:Progressive Conservative Party of NB
18:
4070:Pratt, Larry, and Garth Stevenson.
4017:"Home – Alberta Independence Party"
3810:Bogart, Nicole (October 22, 2019).
3534:Loutan, Tyler (February 16, 2016).
3345:The Dictionary of Canadian Politics
1877:Alberta Heritage Savings Trust Fund
1787:in 1983 after receiving only a 67%
1346:True North Centre for Public Policy
13:
4201:List of premiers by time in office
4057:
4045:. October 19, 2021. Archived from
3957:
3862:Romero, Diego (October 22, 2019).
3658:. November 7, 2015. Archived from
3065:Gerson, Jen (September 14, 2012).
3021:Justen, John J. (September 1957).
2433:
1374:Conservatism in the United Kingdom
1271:Canadian Coalition for Democracies
969:Christian Heritage Party of Canada
341:Progressive Conservative dominance
102:(and potential accession into the
14:
4580:
3902:Maryam, Shah (November 6, 2019).
1527:Aberhart and his cabinet in 1935.
1379:Conservatism in the United States
334:Liberal / Social Credit dominance
4144:
4118:
4079:Alberta: Separatism Then and Now
3836:Laing, Zach (November 3, 2019).
3407:Wagner, Michael (July 1, 2020).
2808:Secessionist movements of Canada
2788:Cascadia (independence movement)
2762:
2409:(formed through a merger of the
2379:Legality of separation in Canada
2193:
1421:
1409:
874:Canada and the Canadian Question
417:
211:
124:
112:
23:
4035:
4009:
3978:
3951:
3923:
3895:
3881:
3855:
3829:
3803:
3782:
3758:
3738:
3703:Collins, Erin (June 10, 2017).
3696:
3674:
3644:
3618:
3597:
3527:
3503:
3488:
3470:
3444:
3426:
3400:
3382:
3359:
3333:
3238:
3184:
3159:
3134:
3109:
3084:
3031:Journal of Petroleum Technology
3014:
2945:The Great Depression, 1929–1939
1675:Independent Alberta Association
1572:British North America Act, 1867
1513:equalization payments in Canada
3789:Desai, Desai (March 1, 2019).
3583:Gerson, Jen (March 18, 2015).
3010:. Alberta Culture and Tourism.
3004:"Oil Developments After Leduc"
2980:
2967:
2934:
2908:
2886:
2872:
2858:
2844:
2830:
2021:Progressive Conservative Party
1938:Confederation of Regions Party
1785:Progressive Conservative Party
1657:Prime Minister Trudeau in 1980
1505:
1:
3991:www.westernstandardonline.com
3985:Naylor, Dave (May 25, 2020).
3324:"The National Energy Program"
2896:. Alberta Online Encyclopedia
2823:
2402:Independence Party of Alberta
1934:Social Credit Party of Canada
1888:1982 Alberta general election
1758:Office of Energy Conservation
1276:Canadian Taxpayers Federation
1124:Action démocratique du Québec
1107:Social Credit Party of Canada
4447:31st general election (2023)
2894:"Alberta becomes a Province"
2138:Conservative Party of Canada
2066:2000s Reform to Conservative
2060:Conservative Party of Canada
1853:had no seat west of Manitoba
1673:-based citizens forming the
1281:Catholic Civil Rights League
1011:Conservative Party of Quebec
974:Conservative Party of Canada
894:Who Killed Canadian History?
7:
4229:Executive Council (Cabinet)
4168:Former lieutenant governors
3891:. cbc.ca. November 4, 2019.
3046:. Paper Number: SPE-856-G.
2920:The School of Public Policy
2803:Quebec sovereignty movement
2755:
2107:Separation Party of Alberta
1561:William Lyon Mackenzie King
1316:National Citizens Coalition
1311:Montreal Economic Institute
979:Libertarian Party of Canada
359:Timeline of Alberta history
50:conditions to do so are met
10:
4585:
4569:Politics of Western Canada
4422:Wildrose Loyalty Coalition
2314:A February 2019 poll from
2220:Such statements should be
2126:First-past-the-post voting
2111:Alberta Independence Party
1644:Multiculturalism in Canada
1500:
1291:Focus on the Family Canada
1092:Liberal-Conservative Party
4465:
4437:
4266:
4256:Former Opposition Leaders
4209:
4176:
4153:
4142:
4130:
3301:"The Power of Persuasion"
3245:Scarfe, Brian L. (1981).
2323:Canadian federal election
2306:A September 2018 poll by
2284:The Accidental Superpower
2278:The geopolitical analyst
2253:Canadian federal election
2088:allegations of corruption
1773:Progressive Conservatives
1535:A prosperity certificate.
1056:United Conservative Party
173:
165:
157:
149:
144:
134:
111:
92:
85:
4469:Other Canadian politics:
3023:"Canada's Pembina Field"
2339:Hill+Knowlton Strategies
1679:political representation
984:People's Party of Canada
924:The Case for Colonialism
399:This article is part of
193:This article is part of
4234:Speaker of the Assembly
3452:"Why hate Mulroney so?"
2941:Berton, Pierre (1990).
2080:Liberal Party of Canada
2037:Reform Party of Alberta
1835:National Energy Program
1801:National Energy Program
1791:at a party convention.
1648:National Energy Program
1576:prosperity certificates
1428:Conservatism portal
1369:Common Sense Revolution
1261:Campaign Life Coalition
1001:Coalition Avenir Québec
996:British Columbia United
3303:. www.globeadvisor.com
3251:Canadian Public Policy
3171:www.history.alberta.ca
3146:www.history.alberta.ca
3121:www.history.alberta.ca
2975:Alberta: A New History
2818:Western Canada Concept
2296:
2248:
2052:Reform Party of Canada
2016:
1972:Canada West Foundation
1940:to advocate for a new
1892:Western Canada Concept
1830:
1822:
1754:environmental ministry
1744:across North America.
1658:
1591:
1536:
1528:
1102:Reform Party of Canada
586:United Empire Loyalist
410:Conservatism in Canada
4412:Wildrose Independence
3816:Federal Election 2019
3521:May 27, 2011, at the
3484:on February 24, 2009.
3438:July 4, 2007, at the
3394:July 4, 2007, at the
2288:
2244:
2134:2006 federal election
2103:2004 general election
2076:2004 federal election
2033:1984 federal election
2014:
2002:Spirit River-Fairview
1942:Canadian constitution
1884:Alberta Liberal Party
1828:
1820:
1656:
1589:
1534:
1526:
1221:The Dorchester Review
4564:Separatism in Canada
4401:Solidarity Movement
4049:on October 19, 2021.
3768:(December 7, 2018).
3565:. February 29, 2016.
3458:. September 13, 2005
3413:The Western Standard
2868:. February 12, 2020.
2554:Mainstreet Research
2222:clarified or removed
2082:was returned with a
1950:equal representation
1909:in a by-election in
1799:Copied content from
1331:REAL Women of Canada
4559:Politics of Alberta
4457:Electoral districts
4416:Jeevan Singh Mangat
4276:United Conservative
4224:Former legislatures
4155:Lieutenant Governor
4124:Politics of Alberta
2990:, February 20, 1996
2798:Politics of Alberta
2778:Athabasca oil sands
2691:Oct 24–Nov 1, 2019
2130:minority government
2084:minority government
1907:Alberta legislature
1905:was elected to the
1777:minority government
1541:Social Credit Party
1487:Province of Buffalo
1473:of the province of
1306:Mackenzie Institute
1255:Other organizations
1202:The Post Millennial
1154:Upper Canada Tories
884:Lament for a Nation
591:Upper Canada Tories
506:Economic liberalism
456:Social conservatism
444:Right-wing populism
439:Clerico-nationalism
37:of this article is
4395:Randy Thorsteinson
3966:. CBC/Radio Canada
3939:. November 6, 2019
3754:. October 9, 2018.
3632:. January 16, 2017
3456:The Globe and Mail
3008:history.alberta.ca
2922:. January 17, 2018
2813:Western alienation
2617:Northwest Research
2441:Date(s) conducted
2249:
2017:
1930:political movement
1926:Western alienation
1831:
1823:
1779:in 1979 defeating
1726:Iranian Revolution
1722:oil crisis of 1979
1695:Iranian Revolution
1659:
1592:
1537:
1529:
1495:political identity
1467:Alberta separatism
1394:Alberta separatism
1384:Western alienation
1351:Voice of Canadians
1073:Historical parties
1051:Saskatchewan Party
697:Bennett (W. A. C.)
511:Limited government
293:Early 20th century
166: • Water
150: • Total
4546:
4545:
4310:Alberta Advantage
4268:Political parties
4246:Opposition Leader
4077:Wagner, Michael.
3766:Solomon, Lawrence
3662:on April 18, 2016
3656:Medicine Hat News
3433:Elections Alberta
3389:Elections Alberta
3211:. October 6, 2015
2882:. September 2020.
2753:
2752:
2534:October 13, 2021
2301:Statistics Canada
2282:in his 2014 book
2239:
2238:
2113:attracted in the
2056:Canadian Alliance
1829:Petro-Canada logo
1730:Ruhollah Khomeini
1709:, bringing on an
1479:western provinces
1464:
1463:
1416:Canada portal
1082:Canadian Alliance
934:12 Rules for Life
762:Manning (Preston)
394:
393:
327:Political history
286:Pre-Confederation
186:
185:
174: • Rank
158: • Land
78:
77:
70:
4576:
4219:Current assembly
4148:
4132:Crown in Alberta
4122:
4112:
4105:
4098:
4089:
4088:
4051:
4050:
4039:
4033:
4032:
4030:
4028:
4023:on July 29, 2018
4019:. Archived from
4013:
4007:
4006:
4004:
4002:
3993:. Archived from
3982:
3976:
3975:
3973:
3971:
3955:
3949:
3948:
3946:
3944:
3927:
3921:
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3601:
3595:
3594:
3580:
3567:
3566:
3559:
3548:
3547:
3545:
3543:
3531:
3525:
3514:August 22, 2005
3512:Western Standard
3507:
3501:
3500:
3492:
3486:
3485:
3480:. Archived from
3474:
3468:
3467:
3465:
3463:
3448:
3442:
3430:
3424:
3423:
3421:
3419:
3404:
3398:
3386:
3380:
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3363:
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3356:
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3308:
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3290:
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3216:
3201:
3195:
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3157:
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3154:
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3138:
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3129:
3127:
3113:
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3088:
3082:
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3079:
3077:
3062:
3051:
3050:
3027:
3018:
3012:
3011:
3000:
2991:
2984:
2978:
2971:
2965:
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2948:
2938:
2932:
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2929:
2927:
2912:
2906:
2905:
2903:
2901:
2890:
2884:
2883:
2876:
2870:
2869:
2862:
2856:
2855:
2848:
2842:
2841:
2834:
2772:
2767:
2766:
2765:
2723:Sep 11–17, 2018
2660:Nov 12–17, 2019
2628:Dec 18–20, 2019
2596:May 14–19, 2020
2502:Jun 10–12, 2022
2470:Aug 21–23, 2022
2438:
2437:
2371:Western Standard
2234:
2231:
2225:
2197:
2196:
2189:
2178:Western Standard
2078:, the governing
2015:Mulroney in 1984
1693:of 1973 and the
1665:were discussing
1616:southern Alberta
1568:unconstitutional
1553:Great Depression
1545:William Aberhart
1456:
1449:
1442:
1426:
1425:
1424:
1414:
1413:
1412:
1341:Three Percenters
1296:Fraser Institute
1235:Western Standard
1215:Sun News Network
949:
939:
929:
919:
909:
899:
889:
879:
757:Manning (Ernest)
421:
411:
396:
395:
386:
379:
372:
215:
205:
190:
189:
128:
122:in light green.
116:
83:
82:
73:
66:
62:
59:
53:
27:
26:
19:
4584:
4583:
4579:
4578:
4577:
4575:
4574:
4573:
4549:
4548:
4547:
4542:
4461:
4433:
4405:Artur Pawlowski
4326:Andrew Jacobson
4304:Lindsay Amantea
4262:
4205:
4196:Former premiers
4172:
4149:
4140:
4126:
4116:
4060:
4058:Further reading
4055:
4054:
4041:
4040:
4036:
4026:
4024:
4015:
4014:
4010:
4000:
3998:
3997:on June 5, 2020
3983:
3979:
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3952:
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3808:
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3603:
3602:
3598:
3581:
3570:
3561:
3560:
3551:
3541:
3539:
3532:
3528:
3523:Wayback Machine
3508:
3504:
3495:"Calgary Sun".
3494:
3493:
3489:
3476:
3475:
3471:
3461:
3459:
3450:
3449:
3445:
3440:Wayback Machine
3431:
3427:
3417:
3415:
3405:
3401:
3396:Wayback Machine
3387:
3383:
3373:
3371:
3364:
3360:
3350:
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3316:
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3293:
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3263:10.2307/3549850
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3073:
3063:
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3019:
3015:
3002:
3001:
2994:
2985:
2981:
2973:Howard Palmer,
2972:
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2434:Opinion polling
2424:
2398:
2393:
2381:
2235:
2229:
2226:
2219:
2198:
2194:
2187:
2172:Reader's Digest
2153:Alberta premier
2068:
2044:Triple-E Senate
1797:
1789:confidence vote
1632:
1584:
1559:Prime Minister
1557:federal Liberal
1521:
1508:
1503:
1460:
1422:
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1408:
1401:
1400:
1364:
1356:
1355:
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1164:
1163:
1149:Union Nationale
1074:
1066:
1065:
961:
953:
952:
947:
937:
927:
917:
907:
904:Maps of Meaning
897:
887:
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868:
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805:
797:
796:
692:Bennett (R. B.)
682:
674:
673:
604:
596:
595:
581:Unite the Right
576:National Policy
559:
551:
550:
531:Property rights
496:Canadian values
491:
483:
482:
429:
409:
390:
361:
350:
348:Recent politics
343:
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309:
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179:US states sizes
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88:
81:
74:
63:
57:
54:
43:
28:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
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4459:
4454:
4452:Past elections
4449:
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4409:
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4373:John Roggeveen
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4328:
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4307:
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4288:New Democratic
4285:
4284:
4283:
4281:Danielle Smith
4272:
4270:
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4186:Danielle Smith
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4053:
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4034:
4008:
3977:
3958:Dryden, Joel.
3950:
3922:
3894:
3880:
3854:
3842:Calgary Herald
3828:
3802:
3781:
3775:Financial Post
3757:
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3370:. Radio-Canada
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3196:
3192:Prairie Forum,
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2564:Feb 7–9, 2021
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2428:Maverick Party
2423:
2420:
2419:
2418:
2404:
2397:
2394:
2392:
2389:
2383:In Canada the
2380:
2377:
2343:disinformation
2335:European Union
2261:Pierre Trudeau
2257:Justin Trudeau
2246:Justin Trudeau
2237:
2236:
2201:
2199:
2192:
2186:
2183:
2122:Stephen Harper
2095:Kyoto Protocol
2071:disappointed.
2067:
2064:
2025:Brian Mulroney
1982:Peter Lougheed
1967:Calgary Herald
1868:1980s oil glut
1861:Brian Mulroney
1839:Prime Minister
1808:Pierre Trudeau
1796:
1793:
1781:Pierre Trudeau
1691:Yom-Kippur War
1638:'s pursuit of
1636:Pierre Trudeau
1631:
1628:
1614:region to the
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1549:Ernest Manning
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1389:Alberta Agenda
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1198:
1191:
1184:
1179:
1173:
1170:
1169:
1166:
1165:
1162:
1161:
1159:Wildrose Party
1156:
1151:
1146:
1141:
1136:
1131:
1126:
1115:
1114:
1112:Unionist Party
1109:
1104:
1099:
1094:
1089:
1084:
1075:
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1068:
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1064:
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1023:
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986:
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960:Extant parties
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571:Family Compact
568:
565:Château Clique
560:
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434:Calgary School
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4320:
4316:
4315:Marilyn Burns
4313:
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4311:
4308:
4303:
4302:
4301:
4300:Alberta Party
4298:
4294:
4293:Naheed Nenshi
4291:
4290:
4289:
4286:
4282:
4279:
4278:
4277:
4274:
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4269:
4265:
4257:
4254:
4252:
4251:Rachel Notley
4249:
4248:
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4240:
4239:Nathan Cooper
4237:
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4163:Salma Lakhani
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4065:Prairie Forum
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3347:. Parli. 2021
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3071:National Post
3068:
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3049:
3045:
3044:10.2118/856-G
3041:
3038:(09): 21–26.
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2770:Canada portal
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2462:Polling type
2461:
2459:Conducted by
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2440:
2439:
2429:
2426:
2425:
2416:
2415:Wexit Alberta
2412:
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2202:This article
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2123:
2118:
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2115:2001 election
2112:
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2038:
2034:
2030:
2026:
2022:
2013:
2009:
2007:
2003:
1997:
1995:
1991:
1987:
1986:snap election
1983:
1980:
1977:In response,
1975:
1973:
1969:
1968:
1962:
1959:
1955:
1951:
1947:
1943:
1939:
1935:
1931:
1928:ideas into a
1927:
1923:
1922:Elmer Knutson
1919:
1914:
1912:
1911:Olds-Didsbury
1908:
1904:
1903:Gordon Kesler
1900:
1899:Doug Christie
1895:
1893:
1889:
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1812:Gordon Kesler
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1792:
1790:
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1778:
1774:
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1765:
1763:
1759:
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1752:, created an
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1745:
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1723:
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1715:global market
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1565:social credit
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1182:Free Dominion
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4356:Independence
4348:
4337:Naomi Rankin
4078:
4071:
4064:
4047:the original
4037:
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4021:the original
4011:
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3995:the original
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3111:
3099:. Retrieved
3096:cdnc.ucr.edu
3095:
3086:
3074:. Retrieved
3070:
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3029:
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3007:
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2982:
2977:(1990) p 272
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2919:
2910:
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2888:
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2726:
2694:
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2648:Research Co.
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2585:Research Co.
2567:
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2523:Research Co.
2505:
2491:Research Co.
2473:
2382:
2369:
2367:
2363:Wexit Canada
2359:Saskatchewan
2325:, #Wexit (a
2320:
2313:
2305:
2297:
2291:
2289:
2283:
2280:Peter Zeihan
2277:
2265:Peterborough
2250:
2227:
2214:unverifiable
2206:weasel words
2203:
2176:
2170:
2167:
2156:
2142:
2119:
2100:
2092:
2073:
2069:
2049:
2041:
2018:
2006:Grant Notley
1998:
1976:
1965:
1963:
1958:bilingualism
1920:businessman
1915:
1896:
1881:
1873:
1865:
1832:
1805:
1798:
1766:
1746:
1742:gas stations
1734:Shah of Iran
1719:
1688:
1661:In 1974, as
1660:
1640:bilingualism
1633:
1620:Imperial Oil
1596:Imperial Oil
1593:
1538:
1509:
1466:
1465:
1393:
1321:Orange Order
1242:Winnipeg Sun
1240:
1233:
1226:
1219:
1207:
1200:
1193:
1188:LifeSiteNews
1186:
1117:
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1076:
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988:
963:
942:
932:
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902:
892:
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872:
804:Commentators
563:
300:World War II
258:
231:Constitution
187:
96:secessionist
64:
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4427:Paul Hinman
4384:Murray Ruhl
4211:Legislature
4190:Premiership
4138:Charles III
3970:January 12,
3943:November 6,
3936:Global News
3915:November 9,
3909:Global News
3821:October 22,
3726:. Vice News
3497:Calgary Sun
3462:January 30,
3418:January 11,
3374:February 5,
3284:January 30,
3257:(1): 1–14.
3215:January 30,
3176:January 30,
3151:January 30,
3126:January 30,
3101:January 30,
3076:January 30,
2385:Clarity Act
2255:victory of
2216:information
2158:Calgary Sun
2155:, told the
2149:Ralph Klein
2145:Mark Norris
2029:John Turner
1762:1973 crisis
1750:Harry Strom
1720:The second
1711:oil embargo
1699:retaliation
1506:Foundations
1228:Toronto Sun
1061:Yukon Party
792:Vander Zalm
712:Diefenbaker
681:Politicians
639:Granatstein
541:Rule of law
526:Nationalism
98:state from
58:August 2018
4553:Categories
3688:October 6,
3684:. CBC News
3538:. 630 CHED
3209:BOE Report
2926:August 10,
2824:References
2450:Undecided
2316:Angus Reid
2163:carbon tax
1994:infighting
1954:Parliament
1683:federalist
1667:separating
1663:Quebeckers
1646:, and the
1209:Rebel News
1139:Parti bleu
1118:Provincial
990:Provincial
944:Whiteshift
867:Literature
521:Monarchism
501:Federalism
490:Principles
279:Aboriginal
259:Separatism
35:neutrality
4439:Elections
4332:Communist
3730:April 18,
3636:August 7,
3610:August 7,
3271:0317-0861
2900:August 6,
2230:July 2023
2204:contains
2120:Albertan
2023:, led by
1984:called a
1897:In 1980,
1844:oil wells
1769:Joe Clark
1471:secession
914:Harperism
787:Stanfield
772:Poilievre
752:Macdonald
717:Duplessis
614:Blackwood
546:Tradition
94:Proposed
46:talk page
4380:Pro-Life
4027:July 29,
3868:CTV News
3709:CBC News
3630:HuffPost
3519:Archived
3436:Archived
3392:Archived
3351:April 2,
3234:, Ottawa
2756:See also
2327:wordplay
2273:Edmonton
2269:oilsands
2086:despite
1918:Edmonton
1857:Ed Clark
1848:oilsands
1612:Redwater
1608:Edmonton
1491:cultural
767:Mulroney
747:Lougheed
687:Aberhart
669:Peterson
654:Kaufmann
629:Flanagan
624:Farthing
516:Loyalism
449:Trumpism
401:a series
317:Politics
307:Post-war
252:Politics
195:a series
39:disputed
4473:Federal
4368:Liberal
4322:Buffalo
4178:Premier
4001:May 26,
3666:May 26,
3542:May 26,
3307:May 24,
3279:3549850
2747:Online
2716:Online
2683:Online
2652:Online
2589:Online
2557:Online
2527:Online
2495:Online
2456:Sample
2444:Remain
2355:Alberta
2151:as the
2132:in the
2101:In the
2074:In the
2031:in the
1990:ridings
1979:Premier
1671:Calgary
1501:History
1475:Alberta
1363:Related
1301:LGBTory
1077:Federal
964:Federal
835:McInnes
659:Leacock
619:Byfield
558:History
466:Toryism
428:Schools
269:History
245:History
238:Culture
204:Alberta
177:3rd in
135:Country
87:Alberta
4390:Reform
4361:Vacant
4349:Vacant
4074:(1981)
3516:online
3277:
3269:
2957:
2953:, 70.
2679:Abacus
2613:1,094
2465:Notes
2447:Leave
2331:Brexit
2210:biased
2105:, the
1775:won a
1767:After
1483:Ottawa
1336:Rumble
948:(2018)
938:(2018)
928:(2017)
918:(2014)
908:(1999)
898:(1998)
888:(1965)
878:(1891)
840:Murphy
830:Levant
825:Jivani
777:Roblin
737:Harris
732:Harper
722:Filmon
702:Borden
664:Pageau
649:Groulx
634:Gilley
221:Topics
139:Canada
100:Canada
4344:Green
3751:Ipsos
3275:JSTOR
3026:(PDF)
2743:Ipsos
2712:Ipsos
2453:Lead
2351:Ipsos
2308:Ipsos
1707:Syria
1703:Egypt
1604:Leduc
1600:wells
1171:Media
855:Steyn
850:Speer
845:Segal
782:Smith
742:Klein
707:Davis
644:Grant
609:Black
4029:2018
4003:2020
3972:2020
3945:2019
3917:2019
3875:2019
3849:2019
3823:2019
3732:2022
3690:2017
3668:2016
3638:2018
3612:2018
3544:2016
3464:2019
3420:2022
3376:2022
3353:2021
3309:2009
3286:2022
3267:ISSN
3217:2019
3178:2019
3153:2019
3128:2019
3103:2019
3078:2022
2955:ISBN
2928:2018
2902:2009
2739:400
2736:50%
2731:25%
2708:250
2705:21%
2702:13%
2699:33%
2673:50%
2668:25%
2642:15%
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810:Camp
727:Ford
471:Blue
145:Area
32:The
3964:CBC
3259:doi
3040:doi
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