Alexander Calder - Knowledge

555: 581:, a French pun meaning both "motion" and "motive". However, Calder found that the motorized works sometimes became monotonous in their prescribed movements. His solution, arrived at by 1932, was hanging sculptures that derived their motion from touch or air currents. The earliest of these were made of wire, found objects, and wood, a material that Calder used since the 1920s. The hanging mobiles were followed in 1934 by outdoor standing mobiles in industrial materials, which were set in motion by the open air. The wind mobiles featured abstract shapes delicately balanced on pivoting rods that moved with the slightest current of air, allowing for a natural shifting play of forms and spatial relationships. Calder was also experimenting with self-supporting, static, 1736: 1860: 497: 1810: 1791: 1693: 1753: 959: 174:. His birthdate remains a source of confusion. According to Calder's mother, Nanette (née Lederer), Calder was born on August 22, yet his birth certificate at Philadelphia City Hall, based on a hand-written ledger, stated July 22. When Calder's family learned of the birth certificate, they asserted with certainty that city officials had made a mistake. Confirming this, the 1900 Census reports that Alexander was born in August 1898. His mother was Jewish and of German descent and his father was Calvinist and of Scottish descent, but Calder himself never practiced any religion and rejected nationalism. 1469:

members and others by foundation supporters. The art includes more than 600 sculptures including mobiles, stabiles, standing mobiles, and wire sculptures, and 22 monumental outdoor works, as well as thousands of oil paintings, works on paper, toys, pieces of jewelry, and domestic objects. After having worked mainly on cataloging Calder's works, the Calder Foundation is now focusing on organizing global exhibitions for the artist. One of Calder's grandsons, Alexander S. C. "Sandy" Rower, is the president of the foundation and other family members are on the board of trustees.

1674: 1837: 1648: 1002: 1712: 1879: 1899: 1630: 982:, founder of the New York City advertising agency Gordon and Shortt, approached Calder with the idea of painting a jet in 1972, but Calder responded that he did not paint toys. When Gordon told him it was a real, full-sized airliner he was proposing, the artist immediately gave his approval. Gordon felt that Braniff, known for melding the worlds of fashion and design with the world of aviation, would be the perfect company to carry out the idea. Braniff Chairman 1772: 850: 757: 40: 333:. While sailing from San Francisco to New York City, Calder slept on deck and awoke one early morning off the Guatemalan Coast and witnessed both the sun rising and the full moon setting on opposite horizons. He described in his autobiography, "It was early one morning on a calm sea, off Guatemala, when over my couch—a coil of rope—I saw the beginning of a fiery red sunrise on one side and the moon looking like a silver coin on the other." 1421: 657: 5552: 348: 635:(1946), he was able to dismantle and send by mail for his upcoming show at Galerie Louis Carré in Paris, despite the stringent size restrictions imposed by the postal service at the time. His 1946 show at Carré, which was organized by Duchamp, was composed mainly of hanging and standing mobiles, and it made a huge impact, as did the essay for the catalogue by French philosopher 1082: 1600:

president of the Calder Foundation, and Holton Rower (1962), a vice president of the Foundation. Alexander Rower established the Foundation in 1987 with the support of the Calder family. He has four children, including Gryphon Rower-Upjohn, a sound experimentalist, composer-performer, and curator in the field of audiovisual culture, who is also known as Gryphon Rue.

1544:. For decades, Calder had utilized the services of Segré Foundry in manufacturing his mobiles and stabiles. Each piece (no matter how many copies were made) would be initialed personally by Calder in white chalk, after which a welder would follow the chalk marks to burn the initials into the work. Calder died in 1976, without a full-size version of 1618:, a progressive co-ed boarding school in Vermont. Calder's daughters attended the school as did several of his grandchildren and great-grandchildren. Around 2007, the Rower family donated a standing mobile (a mobile that stands on its own fixed base) to Putney. A 13-foot mobile hangs in Calder Hall in the Michael S. Currier Center on campus. 942:'s fables. As Calder's sculpture moved into the realm of pure abstraction in the early 1930s, so did his prints. The thin lines used to define figures in the earlier prints and drawings began delineating groups of geometric shapes, often in motion. Calder also used prints for advocacy, as in poster prints from 1967 and 1969 protesting the 162:(kinetic sculptures powered by motors or air currents) that embrace chance in their aesthetic, his static "stabiles", and his monumental public sculptures. Calder preferred not to analyze his work, saying, "Theories may be all very well for the artist himself, but they shouldn't be broadcast to other people." 1377:, paid only $ 233.34 (equivalent to $ 4,834 in 2023) for a work. The Museum of Modern Art had bought its first Calder in 1934 for $ 60, after talking Calder down from $ 100. And yet by 1948 Calder nearly sold out an entire solo show in Rio de Janeiro, becoming the first internationally renowned sculptor. 1477:

The Calder Foundation does not authenticate artworks; rather, owners can submit their works for registration in the Foundation's archive and for examination. The committee that performs examinations includes experts, scholars, museum curators, and members of the Calder family. The Calder Foundation's

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that he then enlarged to monumental size. The small maquette, the first step in the production of a monumental sculpture, was considered by Calder a sculpture in its own right. Larger works used the classic enlargement techniques of traditional sculptors, including his father and grandfather. Drawing

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While not denying Calder's power as a sculptor, an alternate view of the history of twentieth-century art cites Calder's turning away in the early 1930s from his motor-powered works in favor of the wind-driven mobile as marking a decisive moment in Modernism's abandonment of its earlier commitment to

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During Calder's high school years (1912–1915), the family moved back and forth between New York and California. In each new location, Calder's parents reserved cellar space as a studio for their son. Near the end of this period, Calder stayed with friends in California while his parents moved back to

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Alexander Calder's parents did not want him to be an artist, so he decided to study mechanical engineering. An intuitive engineer since childhood, Calder did not even know what mechanical engineering was. "I was not very sure what this term meant, but I thought I'd better adopt it," he later wrote.

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In 1987, the Calder Foundation was established by Calder's family, "dedicated to collecting, exhibiting, preserving, and interpreting the art and archives of Alexander Calder and charged with an unmatched collection of his works". The foundation has large holdings, with some works owned by family

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I (1955), II (1959), III (1964). Major retrospectives of his work were held at the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, New York (1964), the Fondation Maeght in Saint-Paul-de-Vence, France (1969), and the Museum of Contemporary Art, Chicago (1974). In addition, both of Calder's dealers, Galerie Maeght in

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Calder created over 2,000 pieces of jewelry over the course of his career, many as gifts for friends. Several pieces reflect his fascination with art from Africa and other continents. They were mostly made of brass and steel, with bits of ceramic, wood and glass. Calder rarely used solder; when he

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that Calder had designed but did not live to see completed, which had been unsuccessfully submitted to the Calder Foundation for authentication. The court found that it did not have the power to declare the purported Calder work authentic, nor to order the Calder Foundation to include it in the

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fraternity and excelled in mathematics. He was well-liked and the class yearbook contained the following description, "Sandy is evidently always happy, or perhaps up to some joke, for his face is always wrapped up in that same mischievous, juvenile grin. This is certainly the index to the man's

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studio, using the same techniques and materials as his smaller works. Exhibited outside, Calder's initial standing mobiles moved elegantly in the breeze, bobbing and swirling in natural, spontaneous rhythms. The first few outdoor works were too delicate for strong winds, which forced Calder to

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Calder and his wife, Louisa, were the parents of two daughters, Sandra (1935–2022) and Mary (1939-2011). Mary's husband, Howard Rower (1939–2000), had been chairman of the board of the Alexander and Louisa Calder Foundation. Mary and Howard's two sons are Alexander S. C. "Sandy" Rower (1963),

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Calder's work is in many permanent collections across the world. The Whitney Museum of American Art, New York, has the largest body of work by Alexander Calder. Other museum collections include the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, New York; the Museum of Modern Art, New York; the Centre Georges

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As Calder's professional reputation expanded in the late 1940s and 1950s, so did his production of prints. Masses of lithographs based on his gouache paintings were marketed, and deluxe editions of plays, poems, and short stories illustrated with fine art prints by Calder became available.

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In addition to sculptures, Calder painted throughout his career, beginning in the early 1920s. He picked up his study of printmaking in 1925, and continued to produce illustrations for books and journals. His projects from this period include pen-and-ink line drawings of animals for a 1931

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in a new open form of sculpture called "constellations". Postwar, Calder began to cut shapes from sheet metal into evocative forms and hand-paint them in his characteristically bold hues. Calder created a small group of works from around this period with a hanging base-plate, for example

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It was the mixture of his experiments to develop purely abstract sculpture following his visit with Mondrian that led to his first truly kinetic sculptures, actuated by motors, that would become his signature artworks. Calder's kinetic sculptures are regarded as being among the earliest

344:, where his sister and her husband, Kenneth Hayes resided. Calder took a job as a timekeeper at a logging camp. The mountain scenery inspired him to write home to request paints and brushes. Shortly after this, Calder decided to move back to New York to pursue a career as an artist. 258:. That Christmas, he sculpted a dog and a duck out of sheet brass as gifts for his parents. The sculptures are three-dimensional and the duck is kinetic because it rocks when gently tapped. In Croton, during his high school years, Calder was befriended by his father's painter friend 647:

as a critical and potentially expressive new element in human affairs. According to this viewpoint, the mobile also marked an abandonment of Modernism's larger goal of a rapprochement with science and engineering, and with unfortunate long-term implications for contemporary art.

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with whom he built a gravity-powered system of mechanical trains. Calder described it, "We ran the train on wooden rails held by spikes; a chunk of iron racing down the incline speeded the cars. We even lit up some cars with candle lights". After Croton, the Calders moved to

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was not built until 1985 due to government budget cuts. The massive sheet-metal project, weighing 35 tons, spans the nine-story height of the building's atrium in Washington, D.C. Calder designed the maquette for the United States Senate in the last year of his life.

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The Philadelphia Museum of Art offers a view of works by three generations of Alexander Calders. From the second floor window on the east side of the Great Stair Hall (on the opposite side from the armor collection) there is behind the viewer Calder's own

639:. In 1951, Calder devised a new kind of sculpture, related structurally to his constellations. These "towers", affixed to the wall with a nail, consist of wire struts and beams that jut from the wall, with moving objects suspended from their armatures. 3212: 3336: 1030:

needed to join strips of metal, he linked them with loops, bound them with snippets of wire or fashioned rivets. Calder created his first pieces in 1906 at the age of eight for his sister's dolls using copper wire that he found in the street.

300:, in 1915. When asked why he decided to study mechanical engineering instead of art Calder said, "I wanted to be an engineer because some guy I rather liked was a mechanical engineer, that's all". At Stevens, Calder was a member of the 3086: 243:. The windowed cellar of the family home became Calder's first studio and he received his first set of tools. He used scraps of copper wire to make jewelry for his sister's dolls. On January 1, 1907, Nanette Calder took her son to the 5104: 516:, a miniature circus fashioned from wire, cloth, string, rubber, cork, and other found objects. Designed to be transportable (it grew to fill five large suitcases), the circus was presented on both sides of the Atlantic. Soon, his 3527: 1587:, alleging that Perls had sold fake Calders as well as concealing the ownership of 679 works by the artist. After a high-profile battle with much press coverage, the lawsuit was dismissed by Judge Shirley Werner Kornreich in the 1093:

was in 1927 at the Gallery of Jacques Seligmann in Paris. His first solo show in a US commercial gallery was in 1928 at the Weyhe Gallery in New York City. He exhibited with the Abstraction-Création group in Paris in 1933.

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his designs on craft paper, he enlarged them using a grid. His large-scale works were created according to his exact specifications, while also allowing him the liberty to adjust or correct a shape or line if necessary.

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Sandra Calder Davidson and her late husband, Jean Davidson, had a son, Shawn (1956), and a daughter, Andréa (1961). Shawn and Andréa are vice presidents of the Calder Foundation. Jean Davidson was the son of artist

3254: 430:. Leger wrote a preface for the catalogue of Calder's first exhibition of abstract constructions held at the Galerie Percier in 1931. Calder and Louisa returned to America in 1933 to a farmhouse they purchased in 990:, and 50 gouaches for a total price of $ 100,000. Two years later, Braniff asked Calder to design a flagship for their fleet celebrating the U.S. Bicentennial. That piece, a Boeing 727-291 jet N408BN called the 3205: 3329: 1049:, to demonstrate her equal loyalty to Surrealist and abstract art, examples of which she displayed in separate galleries. Others who were presented with Calder's pieces were the artist's close friend, 1859: 4516: 2958: 4454: 1552:, and sold it in 1983 to art dealer Shirley Teplitz for $ 70,000. Segetario's documentation claimed that the work had been fabricated around 1974 "under the supervision and direction of Artist". 994:, and nicknamed the 'Sneaky Snake' by its pilots (based on quirky flight tendencies), featured a rippled image of red, white and blue echoing a waving American flag. A third design, to be dubbed 4100: 4292: 3083: 465:, which since 1974 has been situated in the town square. Throughout his artistic career, Calder named many of his works in French, regardless of where they were destined for eventual display. 574:

manifestations of an art that consciously departed from the traditional notion of the art work as a static object and integrated the ideas of gesture and immateriality as aesthetic factors.

4268: 590: 929:, featuring an array of mobiles, stabiles, and large painted backdrops. Calder would describe some of his stage sets as dancers performing a choreography due to their rhythmic movement. 4484: 2874: 4367: 4816: 1041:

received enormous silver mobile earrings and later commissioned a hammered silver headboard that shimmered with dangling fish. In 1942, Guggenheim wore one Calder earring and one by

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for $ 1 million. When Shirley submitted the work to the Calder Foundation for inclusion in their catalogue raisonné, the Foundation contested the work's authenticity. The

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are awarded an "Ellie", a copper-colored stabile resembling an elephant, which was designed by Calder. Two months after his death, the artist was posthumously awarded the

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was installed on Bunker Hill, Los Angeles to serve as "a distinctive landmark". The plaza site was designed in tiers to maximize the sculpture's visual effects.

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In the late 1930s and early 1940s, Calder's works were not highly sought after, and when they sold, it was often for relatively little money. A copy of a

5461: 4446: 3565: 2143: 5648: 1673: 4097: 3894: 2554: 5688: 5653: 5638: 4289: 3313: 3235: 3183: 4343: 446:), but was rejected. In 1955 he and Louisa traveled through India for three months, where Calder produced nine sculptures as well as some jewelry. 193:, was a well-known sculptor who created many public installations, a majority of them in Philadelphia. Calder's mother was a professional portrait 5698: 5678: 5673: 4265: 247:

in Pasadena, where he observed a four-horse-chariot race. This style of event later became the finale of Calder's miniature circus performances.

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refunded Shirley's money, and sued the Segré Foundry, which sought bankruptcy protection. The suit was settled out of court in the late 1990s.

4476: 213:. Calder's parents married on February 22, 1895. Alexander Calder's sister, Margaret Calder Hayes, was instrumental in the development of the 4707: 4566: 4364: 2142:(1966), a 33-ton metal sculpture composed of five intersecting forms, four planes, and one curve. It stands 40 feet (12 m) tall, on the 4800: 1493:

the burden of proof had not been fulfilled. Despite the decision, the owners of the mobile could not sell it because the recognized expert,

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to be closer to New York City, where Stirling Calder rented a studio. While living in Spuyten Duyvil, Calder attended high school in nearby

5643: 4387: 3038: 1660: 384: 309: 4143: 3789: 3653: 3502: 1157: 5116: 3941: 3109: 1711: 1408:(1945), which was expected to sell for $ 8 to $ 12 million, was bought for $ 18.5 million in 2012. Calder's 7.5-foot-long hanging mobile 272: 4318: 4077: 3915: 3740: 5708: 5693: 5555: 5172: 4771: 2980: 5039:

December 19, 2014. "Famous Artists Send Greeting Cards: An exhibit in New York showcases nearly 60 holiday cards from major artists",

4120: 3585: 3684: 3614: 1878: 1629: 1105:. In New York, he was championed from the early 1930s by the Museum of Modern Art, and was one of three Americans to be included in 398:. In June 1929, while traveling by boat from Paris to New York, Calder met his future wife, Louisa James (1905–1996), a daughter of 5663: 5573: 3154: 2516: 1453:. However, representatives of the Calder family boycotted the January 10, 1977, ceremony "to make a statement favoring amnesty for 5121: 2719: 5618: 5454: 4875: 4627: 3412: 1771: 1639: 3830: 3715: 3353: 784: 3811: 3006: 2698: 5075: 5063: 5018: 5004: 4987: 4979: 4961: 4928: 4172: 3647: 750: 462: 210: 5140: 4699: 3963: 3875: 1898: 5668: 4016: 3484: 2758: 986:

was highly receptive and a contract was drawn up in 1973 calling for the painting of one Douglas DC-8-62 jet liner, dubbed

833: 391: 520:(on view at the Whitney Museum of American Art at present) became popular with the Parisian avant-garde. He also invented 496: 5658: 2169: 4057: 3429: 2844: 1381:

in Paris became Calder's exclusive Parisian dealer in 1950 and for the rest of Calder's life. After his New York dealer

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1971 – The Gold Medal for Sculpture, National Institute of Arts and Letters and the American Academy of Arts and Letters

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Dating from 1931, Calder's abstract sculptures of discrete movable parts powered by motors were christened "mobiles" by

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Jacob Hale Russell (July 29, 2006), Look Who's Selling --- Once-quiet artists' foundations are becoming power players,

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charging that it was not by Alexander Calder, as claimed by its seller. That same year, a federal judge ruled that for

825: 312:. In 1918, he joined the Student's Army Training Corps, Naval Section, at Stevens and was made guide of the battalion. 280: 3126: 2887: 2633: 4942: 4913: 4588: 209:

in Paris from around 1888 until 1893. She moved to Philadelphia, where she met Stirling Calder while studying at the

20: 1608:. Sandra was an illustrator of children's books. She caricatured her family and friends as animals in the 2013 book 1497:, had declared it a copy. The judge recognized the problem at the time, noting that Perls' pronouncement would make 1236:

1959 – Award with Carlos Raúl Villanueva at IV Bienal, Museu de Arte Moderna, Exposição Internacional de Arquitetura

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in New York City. In 1902 he also completed his earliest sculpture, a clay elephant. In 1905 his father contracted

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was then sold at auction in May 1984 for $ 187,000. Over the next decade, the piece was sold repeatedly. In 1995,

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1962 – Art in America Annual Award for Outstanding Contribution to American Art (shared with Alfred H. Barr, Jr.)

812: 811:. This sculpture is notable for being the first civic sculpture in the United States to receive funding from the 547:'s studio in 1930, where he was impressed by the environment-as-installation, "shocked" him into fully embracing 362: 293: 92: 88: 1373:

sales ledger in the foundation's files shows that only a few pieces in the 1941 show found buyers, one of whom,

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Most of Calder's monumental stationary and mobile sculptures were made after 1962 at Etablissements Biémont in

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at the Museum of Contemporary Art, Chicago which opened simultaneously with the unveiling of the sculptures.

181:, was born in Scotland, had immigrated to Philadelphia in 1868, and is best known for the colossal statue of 5090: 3891: 2546: 1588: 355: 4673: 3306: 3228: 3176: 1412:(1957) fetched $ 25.9 million, setting an auction record for the sculptor at Christie's New York in 2014. 798:

in France, a monumental mobile for the UNESCO site in Paris, while the top was fabricated in Connecticut.

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rethink his fabrication process. By 1936 he changed his working methods and began to create smaller-scale

5372: 4340: 2398: 2392: 1129: 963: 1781: 1683: 5212: 4953: 4243: 2227: 2082: 2040: 1133: 1117: 439: 255: 244: 225: 4017:"The project seemed dead. But after a 25-year delay, a Calder museum is finally coming to the Parkway" 1532:, which Calder created in 1958). In 1973, Calder had created a 1-foot (0.30 m)-high sheet metal 1165: 5470: 5416: 5292: 5228: 5158: 5127:

A finding aid to the Alexander Calder papers in the Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution

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1976 – Official Cachet, presented to Calder as designer of the WFUNA Cachet on the first day of issue

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in San Francisco, California, and began work on sculptures for the exposition that was held in 1915.

190: 2611: 2359:(1975), red painted steel, believed to be the final stabile personally created by Alexander Calder, 2093: 39: 4374: 3261: 2360: 2147: 1910: 1442: 5126: 4558: 3459: 2747:(September–October 2012). Schoonmaker, David (ed.). "Portrait of the Artist as a Young Engineer". 1478:

website provides details on the current policies and guidelines governing examination procedures.

454: 387:. Calder became fascinated with the circus action, a theme that would reappear in his later work. 5509: 5501: 4971: 4415: 3723: 2370: 2299: 2180: 1577: 1178: 1098: 1046: 958: 668: 379: 324: 3035: 1357:, a 1.8-acre, indoor-outdoor center dedicated to Calder's work is set to open on Philadelphia's 1257:

1963 – Edward MacDowell Medal for Outstanding Contribution to the Arts from The MacDowell Colony

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in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Calder's largest sculpture, at 25.7 metres (84 ft) high, was

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1961 – Fine Arts Gold Medal for a Master of Sculpture at the American Institute of Architects

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1939 – First prize in the Museum of Modern Art, New York, competition for Plexiglas sculpture

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opened, the sculpture was moved to Vesey and Church Streets. The sculpture stood in front of

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period), and public commissions increasingly came his way in the 1960s. Notable examples are

476: 264: 171: 60: 3582: 2984: 1502: 271:. In 1912, Calder's father was appointed acting chief of the Department of Sculpture of the 158:; July 22, 1898 – November 11, 1976) was an American sculptor known both for his innovative 5628: 5623: 5388: 5332: 5220: 5135: 5099: 2402:(1976), Pivotal stage sets presented in New York on the first anniversary of Calder's death 2387: 2306: 2245: 2209: 2113: 2045: 2000: 1164:; and the National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C. There are two pieces on display in the 859: 837: 728: 679: 595: 431: 341: 240: 5131: 3676: 3606: 8: 5380: 2349: 2032:(1939), wire and paint; the first of many floor-standing, lifesize "stabiles" (predating 1336: 1242:

1960 – Gold Medal of Honor, the Architectural League of New York, for sculpture at UNESCO

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Paris and the Perls Galleries in New York, averaged about one Calder show each per year.

1050: 443: 399: 297: 206: 3361: 2044:(1939), sheet metal, wire and paint (suspended mobile); design for the stairwell of the 1981:(1931), wire, wood and paint; first true mobile, although designed to stand on a desktop 1540:. He gave this maquette to Carmen Segretario, founder and owner of the Segré Foundry of 1116:

Calder's first retrospective was held in 1938 at George Walter Vincent Smith Gallery in

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in New York as his new American dealer, and this alliance lasted until Calder's death.

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1974 – Official Mayoral Decree of "Alexander Calder Day in Chicago" (October 25, 1974)

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Christie's Post-War & Contemporary Art Evening Sale, November 14, 2012, New York.

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Calder's South American-themed design applied to a Braniff Douglas DC-8-62 taken at

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In 2013 the Calder Estate filed a lawsuit against the estate of his former dealer,

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In June 1969, Calder attended the dedication of his monumental "stabile" sculpture

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Calder received a degree from Stevens in 1919. He held a variety of jobs including

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Alexander Calder: The Paris Years, 1926–1933, October 16, 2008 – February 15, 2009

1987:(1933), ebony, metal bar and wire; early suspended mobile (first was made in 1932) 891:

Calder created stage sets for more than a dozen theatrical productions, including

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unsellable. In 1994, the Calder Foundation declined to include the mobile in the

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1969 – Honorary Degree of Doctor of Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology

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Originally meant to be constructed in 1977 for the Hart Senate Office Building,

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In late 1909 the family returned to Philadelphia, where Calder briefly attended

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Christie's Post-War and Contemporary Evening Sale, November 10, 2010, New York.

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in 2009 rejected the appeal of an art collector who wished to sell a couple of

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In the 1950s, Calder concentrated more on producing monumental sculptures (his

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Christie's Post-War and Contemporary Evening Sale, November 8, 2011, New York.

1485:(1959), a sheet-metal and steel-wire mobile ostensibly by Calder, went to the 1120:. In 1943, the Museum of Modern Art hosted a Calder retrospective, curated by 1062: 791: 5602: 5539: 5196: 4812: 4639: 4600: 4054: 3846: 3782: 3190: 2782: 2774: 2520: 1401: 1382: 1054: 970:

One of Calder's more unusual undertakings was a commission from Dallas-based

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character in this case, for he is one of the best natured fellows there is."

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1998 – US Postal Service issues a set of five 32-cent stamps honoring Calder

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1983 – United States Mint issues a half-ounce gold medallion honoring Calder

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Calder and Brazilian Art, exhibition catalogue, Itau Cultural, 2018, p. 22.

3642:. Images of Modern America. Arcadia Publishing Incorporated. p. 1978. 2317: 2293: 2191: 2033: 1800: 1397: 1269:

1967 – Honorary Sponsor, Philadelphia International Festival of Short Films

1070: 975: 607: 603: 582: 548: 537: 533: 435: 395: 229: 182: 4365:

Barbara Mathes Gallery records pertaining to "Rio Nero" lawsuit, 1989–1995

1314:

1974 – Grand Prix National des Art et Lettres, Ministry of Culture, France

1224:

1957 – Stevens Institute of Technology Honor Award for Notable Achievement

1034: 415: 5324: 3343:

Christie's Post-War and Contemporary Evening Sale, May 8, 2012, New York.

3242:

Christie's Post-War and Contemporary Evening Sale, May 8, 2012, New York.

1605: 1584: 1557: 1548:

having been made. In 1982, Segretario constructed a full-size version of

1494: 1454: 1450: 1386: 1097:

In 1935, he had his first solo museum exhibition in the United States at

1042: 1018: 1014: 1006: 943: 868: 842: 732: 700: 562: 411: 403: 366: 354:, 1956, Painted sheet metal and metal rods, a signature work by Calder – 110: 4315:"Calder Foundation | Contact | Registration & Examination" 3993: 3292: 3275: 2766: 2486: 434:, where they raised a family (Sandra born 1935, Mary born 1939). During 5252: 4741: 2391:(1976), painted aluminum and steel, 612 inches x 900 inches, 2120: 1844: 1762: 908: 736: 114: 3388: 2230:

and Cass Avenue from 1973-2007. Moved for conservation and donated to

2054:(1940), sheet metal, bolts and paint (freestanding plinthless stabile) 1576:

now resides outdoors on a farm near a river outside the small town of

849: 756: 410:. They married in 1931. While in Paris, Calder befriended a number of 327:. In June 1922, Calder took a mechanic position on the passenger ship 5284: 5268: 4543: 2164: 2132: 1869: 1726: 1561: 1517: 1400:

New York for $ 3.7 million. Another mobile brought $ 6.35 million at

1299:

1974 – Commandeur de la Légion d'honneur, Ministry of Culture, France

1142: 566: 5056:

Calder : the conquest of time : the early years, 1898–1940

3193:

Post-War and Contemporary Evening Sale, November 10, 2010, New York.

1420: 1287:

1969 – Honorary Degree of Doctor of Arts, Grand Valley State College

840:. In 1973, the 63-foot tall vermillion-colored public art sculpture 591:

Exposition Internationale des Arts et Techniques dans la Vie Moderne

5260: 5150: 5095: 2426: 2157: 2014:(1937), sheet metal, bolts and paint; first piece made from a model 1889: 1827: 1719: 1533: 1296:

1973 – Honorary Degree, Doctor of Fine Arts, University of Hartford

1272:

1968 – Officier de la Légion d'honneur, Ministry of Culture, France

1140:

was the centerpiece of the exhibition. Calder also participated in

1037:, Calder set a shard of a broken porcelain vessel in a brass ring. 740: 684: 656: 586: 423: 347: 194: 2310:(1974), red painted steel, at the Federal Plaza, Chicago, Illinois 1927:(1909), folded brass sheet, made as a present for Calder's parents 532:, is an early example of the artist's wire sculpture. The painter 453:, overlooking the valley of the Lower Chevrière to the village of 5364: 5085: 4905: 3563:

Alexander Calder: Printmaker, October 30, 2009 – January 31, 2010

2261: 2125: 1850: 1434: 913: 716: 664: 479:, shortly after the opening of a major retrospective show at the 320: 4477:"Calder Estate Accuses Former Dealer of Fraud and Selling Fakes" 1610:

The Calder Family and Other Critters: Portraits and Reflections.

1227:

1958 – First Prize for Sculpture at the Pittsburgh International

1166:

Governor Nelson A. Rockefeller Empire State Plaza Art Collection

1081: 5122:

Alexander Calder toys at the Berkshire Museum in Pittsfield, MA

4773:

The Calder Family and Other Critters: Portraits and Reflections

4665: 1817: 1284:

1969 – Granted the same droit de suite rights as French authors

1251:

1962 – Creative Arts Award for Sculpture at Brandeis University

925:

was a "ballet" conceived by Calder himself and produced at the

708: 308:

In the summer of 1916, Calder spent five weeks training at the

4801:"A Tour of Alexander S.C. Rower's Penthouse Office in Chelsea" 2234:, currently on display at exterior of museum at John R. Street 1975:(1931), wire, wood and motor; one of the first kinetic mobiles 1404:

later that year. Also at Christie's, a standing mobile called

150: 4872:"Storm King Art Center: Alexander Carter, American 1898–1976" 4266:

In Art, Freedom of Expression Doesn’t Extend to ‘Is It Real?’

2256:(1971), steel plate, bolts and paint, 38'9" x 32'8" x 32'8", 998:, was commissioned but went uncompleted following his death. 939: 772: 739:

works were commissioned by renowned architects; for example,

141: 5027:(Washington, Smithsonian Institution Scholarly Press, 2012). 4235: 3252:

Calder. Gravity and Grace, March 18, 2003 – October 07, 2003

2020:(maquette) (1938), sheet metal, wire, wood, string and paint 3387:. International Foundation for Art Research. Archived from 2369:(1976), aluminum honeycomb, tubing and paint, 358½ x 912", 220:

Four-year-old Calder posed nude for his father's sculpture

4950:

Calder at Home. The Joyous Environment of Alexander Calder

1614:

The Calder family has a long-standing connection with the

1449:, the United States' highest civilian honor, by President 1266:

1966 – Honorary Degree, Doctor of Arts, Harvard University

1085:

Calder room at National Gallery of Art in Washington, D.C.

5080: 4144:

Billionaires Help Christie’s to Record $ 745 Million Sale

2348:(1975), black and red painted steel, 11' x 6'3" x 11'2", 2241: 2190:, (1969), steel plate, bolts and paint, 43' x 55' x 25', 2109: 1524:

In 1995, questions arose about another purported Calder,

1487:

United States District Court for the District of Columbia

1221:

1955 – Philadelphia Art Festival, for Pre-eminence in Art

593:(1937), the Spanish pavilion included Calder's sculpture 383:

where, in 1925, one of his assignments was sketching the

2607: 4388:

Ruling on Artistic Authenticity: The Market vs. the Law

2208:(1970), steel plate, bolts and paint, 40' x 32' x 33', 1239:

1960 – National Institute of Arts and Letters, insignia

3127:"U.S. museum debut for Calder Picasso at the de Young" 2888:"U.S. museum debut for Calder Picasso at the de Young" 2634:"U.S. museum debut for Calder Picasso at the de Young" 2072:(1948), sheet metal, wire and paint (suspended mobile) 2060:(1946), sheet metal, wire and paint (suspended mobile) 1260:

1964 – Elected to American Academy of Arts and Letters

871:, in Chicago, Illinois, accompanied by the exhibition 4098:

Record Sales for a Rothko and Other Art at Christie’s

3505:. Museum of Contemporary Art, Chicago. Archived from 394:, and established a studio at 22 rue Daguerre in the 138: 5105:

Smithsonian holdings of artworks by Alexander Calder

4628:"ART; Keeping Grandpa Calder's Legacy in the Family" 3964:"1983 Alexander Calder American Arts Gold Medallion" 3434:

Community Redevelopment Agency, Los Angeles (CRA/LA)

2066:(1947) sheet metal, wire and paint (standing mobile) 1528:(not to be confused with the similarly named piece, 1017:

automobile, which would be the first vehicle in the

678:

In 1934, Calder made his first outdoor works in his

147: 144: 5704:

Members of the American Academy of Arts and Letters

4121:

Asian Collectors Give Christie’s a High-Yield Night

2144:

campus of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology

2124:(1962), steel plate and paint, monumental stabile, 749:, a 25-ton, 40-foot high stabile sculpture for the 503:by Alexander Calder, c. 1928, brass wire and wood, 135: 3410:Lives and Treasures Taken, The Library of Congress 2342:(1975), black painted steel, Storm King Art Center 2336:(1974), black painted steel, Storm King Art Center 1957:(1930), wire, 53" x 10" x 9". A representation of 1305:1974 – Citoyen d'Honneur, Commune de Sáche, France 953: 283:. Calder graduated with the class of 1915. 3629: 3360:. National Endowment for the Arts. Archived from 2717:A Public School’s Coffers Require a Private Boost 1866:Crinkly avec disque rouge (Crinkly with Red Disk) 5600: 4537: 2679:. Middlebury, VT: Paul S. Eriksson, 1977, p. 41. 2408:(1976), red painted steel, Storm King Art Center 2282:(1973), steel plate, bolts and paint, 50' tall, 2218:(1970), painted steel, installed at exterior of 1281:1969 – Key to the City of Grand Rapids, Michigan 783:at 24 metres (79 ft) tall, commissioned by 472:with the help of his son-in-law, Jean Davidson. 390:In 1926, Calder moved to Paris, enrolled in the 3892:Alexander Calder at the National Gallery of Art 3354:"Initial Public Art Project Becomes a Landmark" 2238:Reims, Croix du Sud (Reims, Cross of the South) 2202:, 1970–71, 7 World Trade Center, New York City 1385:died unexpectedly in 1954, Calder selected the 589:in 1932 to differentiate them from mobiles. At 340:docked in San Francisco and Calder traveled to 3992:. United States Postal Service. Archived from 3485:Lawsuit: Sears wants Willis Tower artwork back 3382: 2379:(1976), 15m tall, monumental sculpture, Paris 5684:Alumni of the Académie de la Grande Chaumière 5469: 5455: 5166: 5032:The Place of Art in the World of Architecture 3738:Calder’s Precious Metals: Who Needs Diamonds? 1939:(c. 1928), wire and wood, 11½ x 5¾ x 29.2 in. 1263:1966 – St. Botolph Distinguished Artist Award 1254:1963 – President's Medal, Art Director's Club 873:Alexander Calder: A Retrospective Exhibition, 510:In Paris in 1926, Calder began to create his 475:Calder died unexpectedly in November 1976 of 385:Ringling Bros. and Barnum & Bailey Circus 170:Alexander "Sandy" Calder was born in 1898 in 19:For other people named Alexander Calder, see 4992:Rosenthal, Mark, and Alexander S. C. Rower. 1218:and was awarded the main prize for sculpture 1214:1952 – Represented the United States at the 551:, toward which he had already been tending. 198: 5117:Guggenheim collection Alexander Calder bio. 5034:. Chelsea House Publishers, New York, 1980. 3273: 2949:"Alexander Calder, Leading US Artist, Dies" 2517:"How Alexander Calder Made Modern Art Move" 2106:Guillotine pour huit (Guillotine for eight) 1945:(ca. 1928), brass wire, painted wood base, 1013:In 1975 Calder was commissioned to paint a 978:-62 four-engined jet as a "flying canvas". 932: 824:which was installed at the entrance of the 310:Plattsburgh Civilian Military Training Camp 232:, and Calder's parents moved to a ranch in 5462: 5448: 5173: 5159: 5091:National Gallery of Art – Alexander Calder 4169:"Calder Foundation website: Trustees page" 2579:. Middlebury, VT: Paul S. Eriksson, 1977. 2036:'s "plinthless" sculptures by two decades) 38: 5649:Lowell High School (San Francisco) alumni 5058:, New York : Alfred A. Knopf, 2017, 4075:At Christie's, Mockery Brings in Millions 4014: 3882:Whitney Museum of American Art, New York. 3291: 2699:"Panama Pacific International Exposition" 1320:1975 – Liberty Bell, City of Philadelphia 1290:c.1970 – Monnaie de Paris, 2 Calder coins 1204: 1158:Museo Nacional Centro de Arte Reina Sofía 886: 857:In 1974, Calder unveiled two sculptures, 361:In New York City, Calder enrolled at the 279:New York, so that he could graduate from 5689:People from Dauphin County, Pennsylvania 5654:Presidential Medal of Freedom recipients 5639:American people of German-Jewish descent 5076:List of Alexander Calder public artworks 4935:Three Alexander Calders: A Family Memoir 4409: 4407: 4015:Salisbury, Stephan (September 7, 2022). 2743: 2677:Three Alexander Calders: A Family Memoir 2577:Three Alexander Calders: A Family Memoir 2298:(1974), red painted sheet metal, at the 1419: 1080: 1045:to the opening of her New York gallery, 1000: 957: 848: 755: 655: 651: 553: 495: 346: 239:The Calder family moved from Arizona to 5584:from the original on September 25, 2023 5132:Guide to the Calder-Hayes Family Papers 4444: 3818:The San Diego Museum of Art, San Diego. 3674: 3656:from the original on September 25, 2023 3581:Benjamin Genocchio (December 18, 2009) 3007:"Alexander Calder: The Great Discovery" 2946: 2928:Calder in India, 31 May – 3 August 2012 2467:from the original on September 25, 2023 2026:(c. 1938), brass wire, glass and mirror 1640:Scottish National Gallery of Modern Art 273:Panama–Pacific International Exposition 5699:People from Croton-on-Hudson, New York 5679:Stevens Institute of Technology alumni 5674:Art Students League of New York alumni 5601: 4866: 4864: 4798: 4625: 4556: 4027:from the original on September 7, 2022 3704: 3702: 3385:"Public Art at the World Trade Center" 2497:from the original on February 18, 2016 2437:from the original on February 27, 2021 1472: 1061:; Jeanne Rucar, wife of the filmmaker 828:'s North Tower in New York City. When 785:International Nickel Company of Canada 663:, a sculpture by Alexander Calder for 5443: 5154: 5146:Braniff Flying Colors Historical Page 4722:from the original on December 5, 2021 4697: 4693: 4691: 4487:from the original on November 8, 2013 4413: 4404: 4230: 4228: 4226: 4073:Souren Melikian (November 11, 2010), 3944:from the original on January 27, 2012 3918:from the original on November 6, 2018 3736:Karen Rosenberg (December 11, 2008), 3713:The Intimate Side of Alexander Calder 3558: 3556: 3430:"Alexander Calder, Four Arches, 1973" 3201: 3199: 3149: 3147: 3079: 3077: 2794: 2792: 2739: 2737: 2735: 2557:from the original on December 6, 2022 2206:Peau Rouge Indiana (Red Skin Indiana) 1993:(1936), painted wood, metal, string, 1705:, installation at the museum entrance 751:Massachusetts Institute of Technology 377:. While a student, he worked for the 211:Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts 5574:"Famous Artists Send Greeting Cards" 5551: 5180: 4849:from the original on August 11, 2021 4819:from the original on August 11, 2021 4780:from the original on August 11, 2021 4752:from the original on August 11, 2021 4676:from the original on August 11, 2021 4646:from the original on August 11, 2021 4607:from the original on August 11, 2021 4569:from the original on August 11, 2021 4540:"Sandra Calder Davidson (1935–2022)" 4538:@calderfoundation (August 9, 2022). 4457:from the original on August 28, 2017 4246:from the original on August 11, 2021 3966:. My Coin Guides. January 25, 2017. 3635: 3383:Wenegrat, Saul (February 28, 2002). 2759:Sigma XI Scientific Research Society 1536:for an unrealized stabile he called 1512:case, the Appellate Division of the 1463: 1230:1958 – First Prize for Sculpture in 540:, wrote the preface to the catalog. 5644:American people of Scottish descent 5025:Calder's Portraits 'A New Language' 4861: 4589:"Paid Notice: Deaths ROWER, HOWARD" 4557:Holmes, Jessica (October 3, 2011). 4519:from the original on August 1, 2014 4414:Somma, Ann Marie (March 12, 2006). 4321:from the original on March 19, 2013 4288:Daniel Grant (September 29, 1996), 3912:"Empire State Plaza Art Collection" 3837:L&M Arts, New York/Los Angeles. 3699: 3617:from the original on August 6, 2017 3483:Cynthia Dizikes (October 4, 2010), 3452: 3440:from the original on March 30, 2022 2947:Russell, John (November 12, 1976). 2170:National Museum of American History 2090:(1957), steel plate, rods and paint 1951:Policeman (ca. 1928) wire and wood. 1176:mobile, ahead on the street is the 1136:in the summer of 1949. His mobile, 853:Calder's sculpture 'Flamingo', 2022 623:(1947). He also made works such as 281:Lowell High School in San Francisco 13: 5048: 4878:from the original on July 22, 2020 4688: 4339:Stuart Jeffries (March 13, 2003), 4223: 4187: 4175:from the original on July 25, 2011 3970:from the original on April 4, 2018 3675:Bissett, Mark (December 9, 2015). 3604: 3553: 3196: 3153:Randy Kennedy (October 18, 2011), 3144: 3074: 2961:from the original on March 3, 2018 2905: 2847:from the original on July 25, 2011 2812:from the original on March 4, 2016 2789: 2732: 2614:from the original on July 24, 2011 1933:(1925), oil on canvas, 36 x 42 in. 1564:and a Calder collector) purchased 1441:Beginning in 1966, winners of the 1311:1974 – Honorary Citizen of Chicago 992:Flying Colors of the United States 286: 14: 5720: 5709:People from Spuyten Duyvil, Bronx 5694:Artists from Pasadena, California 5069: 4559:"MARY CALDER ROWER (1939 – 2011)" 4445:Hogrefe, Jeffrey (May 10, 1984). 4386:Patricia Cohen (August 5, 2012), 3787:Shedding New Light on Old Friends 2715:Scott James (February 24, 2011), 2527:from the original on June 7, 2023 2377:L'Araignée Rouge (The Red Spider) 1961:, the exuberant lead dancer from 1917: 1759:De tre vingarna (The Three Wings) 1349: 1323:1975 – United Nations Peace Medal 585:sculptures, dubbed "stabiles" by 21:Alexander Calder (disambiguation) 5566: 5550: 4426:from the original on May 4, 2016 4290:The tricky art of authentication 4264:Patricia Cohen (June 19, 2012), 3687:from the original on May 3, 2016 2916:Dictionary of American Biography 1897: 1877: 1858: 1835: 1808: 1789: 1770: 1751: 1734: 1710: 1691: 1672: 1665:Universidad Central de Venezuela 1646: 1628: 1594: 486: 224:, a cast of which is now in the 131: 5664:Sculptors from New York (state) 5357:Intermediate Model for the Arch 4831: 4799:Kurutz, Steven (June 6, 2017). 4792: 4764: 4734: 4658: 4619: 4581: 4550: 4531: 4499: 4469: 4438: 4380: 4358: 4333: 4307: 4282: 4258: 4210: 4161: 4142:Katya Kazakina (May 14, 2014), 4136: 4113: 4090: 4067: 4048: 4039: 4008: 3982: 3956: 3930: 3904: 3885: 3866: 3840: 3821: 3802: 3776: 3759:Carol Kino (December 2, 2007), 3753: 3730: 3668: 3598: 3575: 3544: 3521: 3495: 3477: 3422: 3403: 3376: 3346: 3323: 3300: 3267: 3245: 3222: 3170: 3119: 3096: 3051: 3029: 2999: 2973: 2940: 2921: 2880: 2868: 2859: 2833: 2824: 2709: 2691: 2682: 2669: 2660: 2651: 2626: 2547:"The Artist Who Never Suffered" 2427:"Alexander Calder Introduction" 2004:(1937), sheet metal and liquid 1742:Têtes et queue (Heads and tail) 954:Painted aircraft and automobile 813:National Endowment for the Arts 794:to construct the steel base of 449:In 1963, Calder settled into a 438:, Calder attempted to join the 392:Académie de la Grande Chaumière 294:Stevens Institute of Technology 177:Calder's grandfather, sculptor 93:Art Students League of New York 89:Stevens Institute of Technology 5619:Sculptures by Alexander Calder 5277:La Grande Voile (The Big Sail) 4921:An Autobiography With Pictures 4626:Larson, Kay (March 22, 1998). 4193:Carol Vogel (October 2, 1998) 3940:. Philadelphia Museum of Art. 3639:Braniff Airways: Flying Colors 2600: 2591: 2582: 2569: 2539: 2509: 2479: 2449: 2419: 2220:AT&T Michigan Headquarters 2083:View of pool at Stillman House 1761:(1967), Blå Stället, Angered, 1150: 1076: 731:"Cultural Olympiad" events in 468:In 1966, Calder published his 1: 5013:. Universe Publishing, 1998, 4893: 4698:Cohen, Brian D. (Fall 2018). 4416:"The Calder Work That Wasn't" 2487:"Alexander Calder Chronology" 2326:(1974), black painted steel, 2270:(1971), Painted metal, wire, 1991:Object with Yellow Background 1824:National Gallery of Australia 1447:Presidential Medal of Freedom 1364: 1331:Presidential Medal of Freedom 1302:1974 – Saint Pierre des Corps 972:Braniff International Airways 536:, a friend from the cafes of 165: 16:American sculptor (1898–1976) 4119:Carol Vogel (May 14, 2014), 4055:Alexander Calder – Biography 3274:Smith, G.W. (July 7, 2015). 3155:A Year in the Work of Calder 2701:. calder.org. Archived from 1589:New York State Supreme Court 1410:Poisson volant (Flying Fish) 1329:1977 – Posthumously awarded 907:(1935), a production of the 818:In 1971, Calder created his 491: 461:(France). He donated to the 356:Montreal Museum of Fine Arts 7: 5669:Sculptors from Pennsylvania 4954:Stewart, Tabori & Chang 4096:Carol Vogel (May 8, 2012), 3743:September 25, 2023, at the 3611:www.brownalumnimagazine.com 3572:Bruce Museum, Greenwich CT. 3464:Alexander Calder Foundation 3358:40th Anniversary Highlights 3116:Philadelphia Museum of Art. 3041:September 12, 2011, at the 2393:Hart Senate Office Building 2216:Young Woman and Her Suitors 2030:Sphere Pierced by Cylinders 1885:Feuille d'arbre (Tree leaf) 1275:1968 – New York State Award 1130:3rd Sculpture International 528:, in the collection of the 470:Autobiography with Pictures 10: 5725: 5659:Sculptors from Connecticut 5213:Lobster Trap and Fish Tail 5141:Calder and Braniff Airways 4968:Alexander Calder 1898–1976 4937:. Paul S. Eriksson, 1977, 4902:Alexander Calder 1898–1976 4700:"The Calders & Putney" 3897:December 30, 2016, at the 3607:"My Pal, Alexander Calder" 3537:December 30, 2013, at the 3415:November 22, 2017, at the 3160:November 24, 2016, at the 2457:"Who is Alexander Calder?" 2228:Michigan Avenue (Michigan) 2041:Lobster Trap and Fish Tail 2018:1939 New York World's Fair 1799:(1968), Franklin Parkway, 1621: 1392:In 2010, his metal mobile 1134:Philadelphia Museum of Art 1118:Springfield, Massachusetts 1024: 836:until it was destroyed on 723:, constructed outside the 674:, Montreal, Quebec, Canada 256:Croton-on-Hudson, New York 245:Tournament of Roses Parade 226:Metropolitan Museum of Art 18: 5614:American modern sculptors 5609:American abstract artists 5548: 5520: 5477: 5471:Alexander Stirling Calder 5417:Alexander Stirling Calder 5399: 5188: 5081:Calder Foundation website 4393:January 30, 2018, at the 4370:November 7, 2012, at the 4295:January 31, 2016, at the 4103:January 31, 2020, at the 3878:November 8, 2011, at the 3588:January 26, 2018, at the 3550:Calder's Universe. p. 172 3257:February 5, 2012, at the 3112:October 20, 2011, at the 2800:"My Way, Calder in Paris" 2232:Detroit Institute of Arts 2226:, displayed at corner of 1849:(1971), Sprengel Museum, 1560:(the former president of 1530:Two White Dots in the Air 1415: 1359:Benjamin Franklin Parkway 1197:by Calder's grandfather, 402:and grandniece of author 199: 197:, who had studied at the 191:Alexander Stirling Calder 106: 98: 84: 68: 53: 37: 30: 5373:Calder's set for Socrate 4994:The Surreal Calder. The 4933:Calder Hayes, Margaret. 4923:. Pantheon Books, 1966, 4375:Archives of American Art 4195:Calder Works On the Move 4126:October 2, 2015, at the 3851:All Calder, High and Low 3605:Gordon, George Stanley. 3419:Retrieved July 27, 2007. 3262:Guggenheim Museum Bilbao 3089:August 28, 2011, at the 2675:Hayes, Margaret Calder, 2575:Hayes, Margaret Calder. 2413: 2399:Calder's set for Socrate 2361:Art Institute of Chicago 1911:Art Institute of Chicago 1868:(1973), Schlossplatz in 1797:Three Disks, One Lacking 1782:Centro Cultural de Belém 1684:Galería de Arte Nacional 1443:National Magazine Awards 1394:Untitled (Autumn Leaves) 1033:For his lifelong friend 933:Painting and printmaking 365:, studying briefly with 5634:American male sculptors 5510:Swann Memorial Fountain 5502:Depew Memorial Fountain 5494:Washington as President 5110:March 27, 2012, at the 5041:The Wall Street Journal 5009:Rower, Alexander S. C. 4974:, Washington DC, 1998, 4972:National Gallery of Art 4271:March 14, 2017, at the 4218:The Wall Street Journal 3724:The Wall Street Journal 3677:"The First BMW Art Car" 3011:Gemeentemuseum Den Haag 2865:Calder 1966, pp. 54–55. 2722:April 16, 2021, at the 2666:Calder 1966, pp. 28–29. 2657:Calder 1966, pp. 21–22. 2371:National Gallery of Art 2268:White and Red Boomerang 2181:San Diego Museum of Art 1578:Washington, Connecticut 1481:In 1993, the owners of 1317:1975 – U.N. Peace Medal 1179:Swann Memorial Fountain 1111:Cubism and Abstract Art 1099:The Renaissance Society 1047:The Art of This Century 380:National Police Gazette 325:New York Edison Company 5534:Alexander Milne Calder 5423:Alexander Milne Calder 5086:Atelier Calder website 4447:"Top Price For Calder" 4346:March 9, 2016, at the 4200:June 29, 2022, at the 4060:July 25, 2011, at the 3856:June 30, 2017, at the 3814:April 2, 2012, at the 3568:July 23, 2011, at the 3339:March 4, 2016, at the 3316:March 4, 2016, at the 3238:March 4, 2016, at the 3215:March 4, 2016, at the 3208:Seven Horizontal Discs 3186:March 4, 2016, at the 3071:Guggenheim Collection. 3067:March 4, 2016, at the 2914:. "Alexander Calder", 2877:Guggenheim Collection. 2272:Honolulu Museum of Art 2258:Olympic Sculpture Park 1995:Honolulu Museum of Art 1947:Honolulu Museum of Art 1570:André Emmerich Gallery 1542:Waterbury, Connecticut 1514:New York Supreme Court 1438: 1431:Olympic Sculpture Park 1205:Recognition and awards 1199:Alexander Milne Calder 1186:, and beyond that the 1086: 1010: 967: 887:Theatrical productions 854: 809:Grand Rapids, Michigan 790:In 1958, Calder asked 768: 766:Grand Rapids, Michigan 675: 625:Seven Horizontal Discs 570: 530:Honolulu Museum of Art 507: 505:Honolulu Museum of Art 358: 215:UC Berkeley Art Museum 189:'s tower. His father, 187:Philadelphia City Hall 179:Alexander Milne Calder 5043:. By Alexandra Wolfe. 5030:Thalacker, Donald W. 4900:Baal-Teshuva, Jacob. 4149:May 14, 2014, at the 4080:July 5, 2018, at the 4021:Philadelphia Inquirer 3833:May 10, 2012, at the 3792:July 5, 2018, at the 3766:July 5, 2018, at the 3718:May 20, 2018, at the 3711:(December 11, 2008), 3391:on September 28, 2007 2933:June 8, 2013, at the 2843:. Calder Foundation. 2553:. November 13, 2017. 2328:Storm King Art Center 2288:Hartford, Connecticut 1955:Aztec Josephine Baker 1843:Le hallebardier (The 1686:, Caracas - Venezuela 1423: 1375:Solomon R. Guggenheim 1156:Pompidou, Paris; the 1122:James Johnson Sweeney 1103:University of Chicago 1084: 1004: 980:George Stanley Gordon 974:to paint a full-size 961: 863:at Federal Plaza and 852: 759: 659: 652:Monumental sculptures 557: 499: 442:as a camoufleur (see 350: 254:, then they moved to 172:Lawnton, Pennsylvania 61:Lawnton, Pennsylvania 44:Alexander Calder, by 5389:Mountains and Clouds 5136:The Bancroft Library 5100:Museum of Modern Art 4666:"About – GryphonRue" 4595:. December 5, 2000. 4483:. October 30, 2013. 3530:Mountains and Clouds 3503:"History of the MCA" 2388:Mountains and Clouds 2046:Museum of Modern Art 1667:, Caracas, Venezuela 1521:catalogue raisonné. 1138:International Mobile 899:, and most notably, 880:Mountains and Clouds 834:7 World Trade Center 729:1968 Summer Olympics 680:Roxbury, Connecticut 669:Saint Helen's Island 627:(1946), which, like 432:Roxbury, Connecticut 396:Montparnasse Quarter 342:Aberdeen, Washington 241:Pasadena, California 5381:Homage to Jerusalem 4948:Guerrero, Pedro E. 4919:Calder, Alexander. 4845:. October 7, 2011. 4451:The Washington Post 3636:Cass, R.B. (2015). 3364:on October 15, 2009 3293:10.3390/arts4030075 2830:Calder 1966, p. 47. 2767:10.1511/2012.98.368 2757:(5). New Haven CT: 2608:"Calder Foundation" 2597:Calder 1966, p. 15. 2588:Calder 1966, p. 13. 2363:, Chicago, Illinois 2350:The Kentucky Center 2320:, Chicago, Illinois 1473:Authenticity issues 1337:Goslarer Kaiserring 1109:'s 1936 exhibition 917:(1936), and later, 715:, commissioned for 559:Homage to Jerusalem 444:List_of_camoufleurs 414:artists, including 400:Edward Holton James 363:Art Students League 298:Hoboken, New Jersey 292:He enrolled at the 79:New York City, U.S. 4956:, New York, 1998, 4805:The New York Times 4632:The New York Times 4593:The New York Times 4515:. August 1, 2014. 4481:Art Market Monitor 4399:The New York Times 4277:The New York Times 4205:The New York Times 4131:The New York Times 4108:The New York Times 4085:The New York Times 4064:Calder Foundation. 3996:on August 10, 2013 3861:The New York Times 3797:The New York Times 3771:The New York Times 3748:The New York Times 3709:Cheryl Lu-Lien Tan 3593:The New York Times 3583:Beyond the Mobiles 3528:Alexander Calder, 3330:Alexander Calder, 3307:Alexander Calder, 3229:Alexander Calder, 3206:Alexander Calder, 3177:Alexander Calder, 3165:The New York Times 3103:Alexander Calder, 3058:Alexander Calder, 2954:The New York Times 2912:Postiglione, Corey 2841:"Calder Biography" 2805:. Seymour I Toll. 2750:American Scientist 2727:The New York Times 2688:Calder 1966, p. 31 2523:. April 25, 2020. 2302:, Washington, D.C. 2284:Wadsworth Atheneum 2100:Maison de l'UNESCO 1931:The Flying Trapeze 1784:, Lisbon, Portugal 1503:catalogue raisonné 1439: 1184:A. Stirling Calder 1162:Seattle Art Museum 1107:Alfred H. Barr Jr. 1087: 1011: 968: 855: 838:September 11, 2001 826:World Trade Center 769: 676: 571: 508: 501:Hi! (Two Acrobats) 359: 317:hydraulic engineer 252:Germantown Academy 5562: 5561: 5521:Associated people 5437: 5436: 5301:La Grande Vitesse 5245:The Four Elements 5064:978-0-307-27272-0 5019:978-0-7893-0134-5 5005:978-0-939594-60-3 4999:, Houston, 2005, 4988:978-0-300-07518-2 4980:978-0-89468-228-5 4962:978-1-55670-655-4 4929:978-0-394-42142-1 4563:The Brooklyn Rail 4512:Los Angeles Times 4301:The Baltimore Sun 4240:Calder Foundation 3849:(March 27, 1998) 3649:978-1-4396-5423-1 3332:Le Rouge de Saché 3060:Romulus and Remus 3046:Fondation Beyeler 2491:Calder Foundation 2431:Calder Foundation 2246:Villeneuve d'Ascq 2224:Detroit, Michigan 2187:La Grande Vitesse 2114:Villeneuve d'Ascq 2108:, (1962), at the 1718:Le tamanoir (The 1699:The Four Elements 1508:Referring to the 1464:Calder Foundation 1009:painted by Calder 923:Works in Progress 919:Works in Progress 830:Battery Park City 804:La Grande Vitesse 762:La Grande Vitesse 672:Parc Jean-Drapeau 371:Boardman Robinson 124: 123: 72:November 11, 1976 5716: 5594: 5593: 5591: 5589: 5570: 5554: 5553: 5528:Alexander Calder 5486:Dr. Samuel Gross 5464: 5457: 5450: 5441: 5440: 5237:The Whirling Ear 5205:Mercury Fountain 5182:Alexander Calder 5175: 5168: 5161: 5152: 5151: 5096:Alexander Calder 5011:Calder Sculpture 4996:Menil Collection 4966:Prather, Marla. 4908:, Cologne 2002, 4888: 4887: 4885: 4883: 4868: 4859: 4858: 4856: 4854: 4835: 4829: 4828: 4826: 4824: 4796: 4790: 4789: 4787: 4785: 4768: 4762: 4761: 4759: 4757: 4738: 4732: 4731: 4729: 4727: 4721: 4704: 4695: 4686: 4685: 4683: 4681: 4662: 4656: 4655: 4653: 4651: 4623: 4617: 4616: 4614: 4612: 4585: 4579: 4578: 4576: 4574: 4554: 4548: 4547: 4535: 4529: 4528: 4526: 4524: 4503: 4497: 4496: 4494: 4492: 4473: 4467: 4466: 4464: 4462: 4442: 4436: 4435: 4433: 4431: 4420:Hartford Courant 4411: 4402: 4384: 4378: 4362: 4356: 4337: 4331: 4330: 4328: 4326: 4311: 4305: 4286: 4280: 4262: 4256: 4255: 4253: 4251: 4232: 4221: 4214: 4208: 4191: 4185: 4184: 4182: 4180: 4165: 4159: 4140: 4134: 4117: 4111: 4094: 4088: 4071: 4065: 4052: 4046: 4043: 4037: 4036: 4034: 4032: 4012: 4006: 4005: 4003: 4001: 3986: 3980: 3979: 3977: 3975: 3960: 3954: 3953: 3951: 3949: 3934: 3928: 3927: 3925: 3923: 3908: 3902: 3889: 3883: 3870: 3864: 3844: 3838: 3828:Alexander Calder 3825: 3819: 3806: 3800: 3785:(May 13, 2010), 3780: 3774: 3757: 3751: 3734: 3728: 3706: 3697: 3696: 3694: 3692: 3672: 3666: 3665: 3663: 3661: 3633: 3627: 3626: 3624: 3622: 3602: 3596: 3579: 3573: 3560: 3551: 3548: 3542: 3525: 3519: 3518: 3516: 3514: 3509:on July 25, 2011 3499: 3493: 3481: 3475: 3474: 3472: 3470: 3456: 3450: 3449: 3447: 3445: 3426: 3420: 3407: 3401: 3400: 3398: 3396: 3380: 3374: 3373: 3371: 3369: 3350: 3344: 3327: 3321: 3304: 3298: 3297: 3295: 3271: 3265: 3249: 3243: 3226: 3220: 3203: 3194: 3174: 3168: 3151: 3142: 3141: 3139: 3137: 3123: 3117: 3100: 3094: 3093:Tate Collection. 3084:Alexander Calder 3081: 3072: 3055: 3049: 3036:Alexander Calder 3033: 3027: 3026: 3024: 3022: 3017:on June 18, 2012 3013:. Archived from 3003: 2997: 2996: 2994: 2992: 2987:on July 10, 2007 2983:. Archived from 2977: 2971: 2970: 2968: 2966: 2944: 2938: 2937:Ordovas, London. 2925: 2919: 2909: 2903: 2902: 2900: 2898: 2884: 2878: 2872: 2866: 2863: 2857: 2856: 2854: 2852: 2837: 2831: 2828: 2822: 2821: 2819: 2817: 2811: 2804: 2796: 2787: 2786: 2741: 2730: 2713: 2707: 2706: 2705:on May 26, 2008. 2695: 2689: 2686: 2680: 2673: 2667: 2664: 2658: 2655: 2649: 2648: 2646: 2644: 2630: 2624: 2623: 2621: 2619: 2604: 2598: 2595: 2589: 2586: 2580: 2573: 2567: 2566: 2564: 2562: 2543: 2537: 2536: 2534: 2532: 2513: 2507: 2506: 2504: 2502: 2483: 2477: 2476: 2474: 2472: 2453: 2447: 2446: 2444: 2442: 2423: 2373:Washington, D.C. 2330:, New York State 2300:National Gallery 2150:, Massachusetts. 2001:Mercury Fountain 1901: 1881: 1862: 1839: 1812: 1793: 1774: 1755: 1738: 1714: 1695: 1676: 1655:Acoustic Ceiling 1650: 1632: 1051:Georgia O'Keeffe 1039:Peggy Guggenheim 996:Salute to Mexico 984:Harding Lawrence 927:Rome Opera House 911:symphonic drama 637:Jean-Paul Sartre 596:Mercury Fountain 463:town a sculpture 406:and philosopher 204: 203: 157: 156: 153: 152: 149: 146: 143: 140: 137: 127:Alexander Calder 75: 46:Carl Van Vechten 42: 32:Alexander Calder 28: 27: 5724: 5723: 5719: 5718: 5717: 5715: 5714: 5713: 5599: 5598: 5597: 5587: 5585: 5572: 5571: 5567: 5563: 5558: 5544: 5516: 5473: 5468: 5438: 5433: 5395: 5229:Floating Clouds 5184: 5179: 5112:Wayback Machine 5072: 5051: 5049:Further reading 5046: 5023:Barbara Zabel, 4896: 4891: 4881: 4879: 4870: 4869: 4862: 4852: 4850: 4837: 4836: 4832: 4822: 4820: 4797: 4793: 4783: 4781: 4770: 4769: 4765: 4755: 4753: 4748:. May 4, 2017. 4740: 4739: 4735: 4725: 4723: 4719: 4702: 4696: 4689: 4679: 4677: 4664: 4663: 4659: 4649: 4647: 4624: 4620: 4610: 4608: 4587: 4586: 4582: 4572: 4570: 4555: 4551: 4536: 4532: 4522: 4520: 4505: 4504: 4500: 4490: 4488: 4475: 4474: 4470: 4460: 4458: 4443: 4439: 4429: 4427: 4412: 4405: 4395:Wayback Machine 4385: 4381: 4377:, Washington DC 4372:Wayback Machine 4363: 4359: 4348:Wayback Machine 4338: 4334: 4324: 4322: 4313: 4312: 4308: 4297:Wayback Machine 4287: 4283: 4273:Wayback Machine 4263: 4259: 4249: 4247: 4234: 4233: 4224: 4215: 4211: 4202:Wayback Machine 4192: 4188: 4178: 4176: 4167: 4166: 4162: 4151:Wayback Machine 4141: 4137: 4128:Wayback Machine 4118: 4114: 4105:Wayback Machine 4095: 4091: 4082:Wayback Machine 4072: 4068: 4062:Wayback Machine 4053: 4049: 4044: 4040: 4030: 4028: 4013: 4009: 3999: 3997: 3988: 3987: 3983: 3973: 3971: 3962: 3961: 3957: 3947: 3945: 3936: 3935: 3931: 3921: 3919: 3910: 3909: 3905: 3899:Wayback Machine 3890: 3886: 3880:Wayback Machine 3871: 3867: 3858:Wayback Machine 3845: 3841: 3835:Wayback Machine 3826: 3822: 3816:Wayback Machine 3807: 3803: 3794:Wayback Machine 3781: 3777: 3768:Wayback Machine 3761:Precious Metals 3758: 3754: 3745:Wayback Machine 3735: 3731: 3720:Wayback Machine 3707: 3700: 3690: 3688: 3673: 3669: 3659: 3657: 3650: 3634: 3630: 3620: 3618: 3603: 3599: 3590:Wayback Machine 3580: 3576: 3570:Wayback Machine 3561: 3554: 3549: 3545: 3539:Wayback Machine 3526: 3522: 3512: 3510: 3501: 3500: 3496: 3489:Chicago Tribune 3482: 3478: 3468: 3466: 3458: 3457: 3453: 3443: 3441: 3428: 3427: 3423: 3417:Wayback Machine 3408: 3404: 3394: 3392: 3381: 3377: 3367: 3365: 3352: 3351: 3347: 3341:Wayback Machine 3328: 3324: 3318:Wayback Machine 3305: 3301: 3272: 3268: 3259:Wayback Machine 3250: 3246: 3240:Wayback Machine 3227: 3223: 3217:Wayback Machine 3204: 3197: 3188:Wayback Machine 3175: 3171: 3162:Wayback Machine 3152: 3145: 3135: 3133: 3125: 3124: 3120: 3114:Wayback Machine 3101: 3097: 3091:Wayback Machine 3082: 3075: 3069:Wayback Machine 3056: 3052: 3043:Wayback Machine 3034: 3030: 3020: 3018: 3005: 3004: 3000: 2990: 2988: 2981:"Archived item" 2979: 2978: 2974: 2964: 2962: 2945: 2941: 2935:Wayback Machine 2926: 2922: 2910: 2906: 2896: 2894: 2886: 2885: 2881: 2873: 2869: 2864: 2860: 2850: 2848: 2839: 2838: 2834: 2829: 2825: 2815: 2813: 2809: 2802: 2798: 2797: 2790: 2745:Petroski, Henry 2742: 2733: 2724:Wayback Machine 2714: 2710: 2697: 2696: 2692: 2687: 2683: 2674: 2670: 2665: 2661: 2656: 2652: 2642: 2640: 2632: 2631: 2627: 2617: 2615: 2606: 2605: 2601: 2596: 2592: 2587: 2583: 2574: 2570: 2560: 2558: 2545: 2544: 2540: 2530: 2528: 2515: 2514: 2510: 2500: 2498: 2485: 2484: 2480: 2470: 2468: 2455: 2454: 2450: 2440: 2438: 2425: 2424: 2420: 2416: 2411: 2346:The Red Feather 2240:(1970), at the 2140:La Grande voile 1959:Josephine Baker 1920: 1913: 1902: 1893: 1888: 1882: 1873: 1863: 1854: 1840: 1831: 1813: 1804: 1794: 1785: 1775: 1766: 1756: 1747: 1746:Berlin, Germany 1745: 1739: 1730: 1725: 1715: 1706: 1696: 1687: 1677: 1668: 1659: 1651: 1642: 1633: 1624: 1597: 1505:on the artist. 1475: 1466: 1458:draft resisters 1418: 1387:Perls Galleries 1367: 1352: 1347: 1216:Venice Biennale 1207: 1182:by his father, 1168:in Albany, NY. 1153: 1091:solo exhibition 1089:Calder's first 1079: 1067:Bella Rosenfeld 1027: 956: 938:publication of 935: 889: 781:stainless steel 746:La Grande Voile 693:agrandissements 654: 621:Red is Dominant 494: 489: 330:H. F. Alexander 302:Delta Tau Delta 289: 287:Life and career 234:Oracle, Arizona 201:Académie Julian 168: 134: 130: 85:Alma mater 80: 77: 73: 64: 58: 49: 33: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 5722: 5712: 5711: 5706: 5701: 5696: 5691: 5686: 5681: 5676: 5671: 5666: 5661: 5656: 5651: 5646: 5641: 5636: 5631: 5626: 5621: 5616: 5611: 5596: 5595: 5564: 5560: 5559: 5549: 5546: 5545: 5543: 5542: 5537: 5531: 5524: 5522: 5518: 5517: 5515: 5514: 5506: 5498: 5490: 5481: 5479: 5475: 5474: 5467: 5466: 5459: 5452: 5444: 5435: 5434: 5432: 5431: 5429:Calder Gardens 5426: 5420: 5414: 5412:Wire sculpture 5409: 5403: 5401: 5397: 5396: 5394: 5393: 5385: 5377: 5369: 5361: 5353: 5345: 5337: 5329: 5321: 5313: 5309:Bent Propeller 5305: 5297: 5289: 5281: 5273: 5265: 5257: 5249: 5241: 5233: 5225: 5217: 5209: 5201: 5192: 5190: 5186: 5185: 5178: 5177: 5170: 5163: 5155: 5149: 5148: 5143: 5138: 5129: 5124: 5119: 5114: 5102: 5093: 5088: 5083: 5078: 5071: 5070:External links 5068: 5067: 5066: 5050: 5047: 5045: 5044: 5036: 5035: 5028: 5021: 5007: 4990: 4964: 4946: 4931: 4917: 4897: 4895: 4892: 4890: 4889: 4860: 4830: 4791: 4763: 4733: 4687: 4670:gryphonrue.com 4657: 4618: 4580: 4549: 4530: 4498: 4468: 4437: 4403: 4379: 4357: 4332: 4306: 4281: 4257: 4222: 4209: 4186: 4171:. Calder.org. 4160: 4135: 4112: 4089: 4066: 4047: 4038: 4007: 3990:"Stamp Series" 3981: 3955: 3929: 3903: 3884: 3865: 3839: 3820: 3809:Calder Jewelry 3801: 3775: 3752: 3729: 3698: 3667: 3648: 3628: 3597: 3574: 3552: 3543: 3520: 3494: 3476: 3451: 3421: 3402: 3375: 3345: 3322: 3299: 3266: 3244: 3221: 3195: 3169: 3143: 3118: 3095: 3073: 3050: 3028: 2998: 2972: 2939: 2920: 2904: 2879: 2867: 2858: 2832: 2823: 2788: 2731: 2708: 2690: 2681: 2668: 2659: 2650: 2625: 2610:. Calder.org. 2599: 2590: 2581: 2568: 2538: 2508: 2478: 2448: 2417: 2415: 2412: 2410: 2409: 2403: 2395: 2384: 2374: 2364: 2352: 2343: 2337: 2331: 2321: 2311: 2303: 2290: 2277: 2274: 2265: 2249: 2235: 2213: 2203: 2199:Bent Propeller 2195: 2183: 2172: 2161: 2151: 2137: 2129: 2117: 2103: 2091: 2085: 2077:Stillman House 2073: 2067: 2061: 2055: 2049: 2037: 2027: 2021: 2015: 2009: 1997: 1988: 1982: 1979:Small Feathers 1976: 1970: 1967:Folies Bergère 1963:La revue nègre 1952: 1949: 1940: 1934: 1928: 1921: 1919: 1918:Selected works 1916: 1915: 1914: 1903: 1896: 1894: 1883: 1876: 1874: 1864: 1857: 1855: 1841: 1834: 1832: 1814: 1807: 1805: 1803:, Pennsylvania 1795: 1788: 1786: 1776: 1769: 1767: 1757: 1750: 1748: 1740: 1733: 1731: 1716: 1709: 1707: 1703:Moderna Museet 1697: 1690: 1688: 1678: 1671: 1669: 1652: 1645: 1643: 1634: 1627: 1623: 1620: 1596: 1593: 1574:Two White Dots 1566:Two White Dots 1554:Two White Dots 1550:Two White Dots 1546:Two White Dots 1538:Two White Dots 1526:Two White Dots 1474: 1471: 1465: 1462: 1417: 1414: 1379:Galerie Maeght 1371:Pierre Matisse 1366: 1363: 1361:by late 2024. 1355:Calder Gardens 1351: 1350:Calder Gardens 1348: 1346: 1345: 1342: 1339: 1333: 1327: 1324: 1321: 1318: 1315: 1312: 1309: 1306: 1303: 1300: 1297: 1294: 1291: 1288: 1285: 1282: 1279: 1276: 1273: 1270: 1267: 1264: 1261: 1258: 1255: 1252: 1249: 1246: 1243: 1240: 1237: 1234: 1232:Carnegie Prize 1228: 1225: 1222: 1219: 1212: 1208: 1206: 1203: 1160:, Madrid; the 1152: 1149: 1126:Marcel Duchamp 1078: 1075: 1059:Marcel Duchamp 1026: 1023: 955: 952: 934: 931: 888: 885: 821:Bent Propeller 735:. Many of his 725:Estadio Azteca 711:in Paris, and 653: 650: 579:Marcel Duchamp 522:wire sculpture 493: 490: 488: 485: 481:Whitney Museum 477:a heart attack 459:Indre-et-Loire 428:Marcel Duchamp 338:H.F. Alexander 288: 285: 265:Spuyten Duyvil 167: 164: 122: 121: 108: 104: 103: 100: 99:Known for 96: 95: 86: 82: 81: 78: 76:(aged 78) 70: 66: 65: 59: 55: 51: 50: 43: 35: 34: 31: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5721: 5710: 5707: 5705: 5702: 5700: 5697: 5695: 5692: 5690: 5687: 5685: 5682: 5680: 5677: 5675: 5672: 5670: 5667: 5665: 5662: 5660: 5657: 5655: 5652: 5650: 5647: 5645: 5642: 5640: 5637: 5635: 5632: 5630: 5627: 5625: 5622: 5620: 5617: 5615: 5612: 5610: 5607: 5606: 5604: 5583: 5579: 5575: 5569: 5565: 5557: 5547: 5541: 5540:Audrey Munson 5538: 5535: 5532: 5529: 5526: 5525: 5523: 5519: 5512: 5511: 5507: 5504: 5503: 5499: 5496: 5495: 5491: 5488: 5487: 5483: 5482: 5480: 5476: 5472: 5465: 5460: 5458: 5453: 5451: 5446: 5445: 5442: 5430: 5427: 5425:(grandfather) 5424: 5421: 5418: 5415: 5413: 5410: 5408: 5405: 5404: 5402: 5398: 5391: 5390: 5386: 5383: 5382: 5378: 5375: 5374: 5370: 5367: 5366: 5362: 5359: 5358: 5354: 5351: 5350: 5349:Flying Dragon 5346: 5343: 5342: 5338: 5335: 5334: 5330: 5327: 5326: 5322: 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