539:. District residents gathered 1,200 signatures to petition an audit from Congress; when the audit was conducted, the legislature discovered that the city was in arrears by $ 13 million and declared bankruptcy on its behalf. Shepherd was investigated for financial misappropriation and mishandling, and it was discovered that the project and its funding had been carried to absurd extremes. Shepherd had raised taxes to such a degree that citizens had to sell their own property to pay them. Street grading had been executed such that some homes' front yards were as much as 15 feet (4.6 m) lower than the front door, and others found their homes standing in trenches with the street at the second-floor. In addition, Congress discovered that Shepherd had given preference to neighborhoods and areas of the District in which he or his political cronies held financial interests.
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sphere of influence by making the governor its chairman. Cooke, however, rarely attended the Board's meetings (probably at
Shepherd's urging), allowing Vice-Chair Shepherd to preside. He asserted himself as a leader to such an extent that he often did not bother to consult the other members of the Board before he made decisions and took sweeping action. His abilities as a political operator, according to D.C. journalist
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his successor. Whether
Governor Cooke retires before the end of his term or not, it is the universal belief that Mr. Shepherd will be the second governor of the District of Columbia." Sure enough, that September, Cooke resigned as Governor of the District and Shepherd, having befriended Grant, was promoted by the President to the governorship.
346:, Shepherd and his brother each enlisted in the 3rd Battalion of the District of Columbia volunteers. The term of enlistment at that time was only three months, after which Shepherd was honorably discharged. On January 30, 1861, he was married to Mary Grice Young, with whom he raised seven children. Her niece,
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The civic improvements, however, had sufficiently modernized the city that relocation of the capital was never again discussed as a serious option. It also created a decades-long real estate boom in
Washington (until about the turn of the 20th century), with wealthy Americans coming from all over the
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The warworn condition of
Washington City in the late 1860s and the early 1870s, when it was little more than a hamlet of dirt roads, wooden sidewalks and open sewers and surrounded by farmland and large country estates, was such that Congress had for several years discussed relocating the seat of the
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and placed 157 miles (253 km) of paved roads and sidewalks, 123 miles (198 km) of sewers, 39 miles (63 km) of gas mains, and 30 miles (48 km) of water mains. In 1872, Shepherd was responsible for the demolition of the
Northern Liberties Market. Two individuals, a butcher who was
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After dropping out of school, Shepherd took a job as a plumber's assistant, eventually working his way up to becoming the owner of the plumbing firm. He then invested the profits from that firm in real estate development, which made him a wealthy socialite and influential citizen of the city. (One
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wrote that, "the majority of people believe that
Governor Cooke would retain his position only until the fusion of irritated factions, including whites and blacks, Washington, Georgetown, and Washington County, was effected, and that in the event of his resignation, Mr. Shepherd would be appointed
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Shepherd was appointed vice-chair of the city's five-man Board of Public Works. The most powerful public entity in the
District of Columbia, the Board of Public Works was actually an independent entity from the territorial government, reporting directly to Congress, but kept within the territory's
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Once in office, Governor
Shepherd engaged in a series of social reforms and campaigns that were progressive even by Radical Republican standards. He "integrated public schools, supported the vote for women, sought representation for D.C. in Congress and a Federal payment to the city." Generally,
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Although none of his actions was found to have violated any laws, the territorial government was abolished in favor of a three-member Board of
Commissioners, which remained in charge of the city for nearly a century. Although Grant nominated Shepherd to the first Board of Commissioners, the
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merged the various governments in the
District of Columbia into a single eleven-member legislature, including two representatives for Georgetown and two for the County of Washington, to be presided over by a territorial governor. The legislature and governor would all be appointed by the
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still on the premises at the time of the demolition and a young boy who had come with his dog to chase the rats who fled the structure, were killed in the process. Under his direction, the city also planted 60,000 trees, built the city's first public transportation system in the form of
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Near the beginning of the 21st century, Washington historian Nelson Rimensnyder started to argue for a restoration of Shepherd's reputation, calling him an "urban visionary" who single-handedly transformed Washington into a major American city and championed aggressive social reform.
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however, his gubernatorial term was "principally occupied in avoiding embarrassments in the conduct of the District's official business due to the inadequacy of the revenue which had been entailed by the demands for funds to meet the cost of executing street improvements."
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had been torn up one night by 200 of Shepherd's men, he left the meeting with an offer to become the line's vice president. His cunning was such that when he heard reports of a planned injunction against the removal of what he called a "wretched old market building" on
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had given the governor power to issue construction bonds in the city to the consternation of white landowners, but Shepherd put it to a referendum to demonstrate his widespread popular support in the city thanks to the black voters, who backed him.
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A dispatch received here late this afternoon announced the death this morning, at Batopilas, Mexico, of Alexander R. Shepherd, second Governor of the Territorial Government of the District of Columbia. Death was due to peritonitis, brought on by
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administration, the statue was removed from its perch on Pennsylvania Avenue and warehoused in city storage. It reappeared in the mid-1980s near an otherwise-obscure D.C. Public Works building on Shepherd Avenue, S.W., in the District's remote
478:, which would have led to ruin for the District of Columbia. Shepherd believed that if the government was to remain in Washington, the city's infrastructure and facilities had to be modernized and revitalized. He filled in the long-dormant
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and Republicans were in a rare agreement that a drastic change was needed from Bowen's regime. As a solution, Shepherd and his allies began agitation for the abolition of the elected governments of Washington City and
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feared that either appointment would cause a sectional divide that might make governorship of the full district impossible. Thus, Grant's inaugural appointment to the governorship was his friend, the financier
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Largely as a result of the efforts of Rimensnyder and those he persuaded, the Shepherd statue was returned in January 2005 to its previous place of honor. The statue now stands on its
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Shepherd remained in Washington, D.C. for a further two years, still a real-estate magnate and a celebrated and influential member of the city's society. In 1876, however, he declared
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The cost of the modifications was excessive. Initially, Shepherd had estimated them at a $ 6.25 million budget, but by 1874, costs had ballooned to $ 9 million, despite the national
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However, despite the lack of finances, the massive public works project continued and intensified during Shepherd's term as governor of the District of Columbia. Although the
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and a member of the Washington City Councils from 1861 to 1871, during which time he was an important voice for D.C. emancipation, then for suffrage for the freed slaves.
1041:"A.R. Shepherd Is Dead. He Was ex-Governor of District of Columbia. Man to Whom Credit Is Given of Having Made Washington a Beautiful Capital Passes Away In Mexico"
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United States to build large and expensive mansions, some for year-round residency and some for winter vacation only (leading Washington to be called "the winter
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and his gang, to whom Shepherd's enemies are so given to comparing him, were vulgar villians , stupid sneak thieves, by the side of this remarkable man."
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later said, "I want to thank Governor Shepherd for the fair way in which he treated the colored race when he was in a position to help them."
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Shepherd's legacy has been a matter of some debate since his death more than one hundred years ago. He has long been maligned as a corrupt,
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Message from President Grant to the Senate on the nomination of Alexander Shepherd to the SC Board of Commissioners, June 23, 1874.
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Boss Shepherd's persuasive skills were such that upon being called to account by the president of a railroad whose tracks on the
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on the same day. The appointment of Shepherd became one of the many corruption scandals surrounding Grant's administration.
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from 1873 to 1874. He is known, particularly in Washington, as "The Father of Modern Washington."
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http://www.adolf-cluss.org/index.php?sub=3.5.38&lang=en&content=w&topSub=washington
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Jason A. Magruder, from Georgetown; although popular support was behind Shepherd, US President
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862:"DC ALMANAC: Little known or suppressed facts about the colonial city of Washington DC A-M"
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official website of The Ruth Ann Overbeck Capitol Hill History Project, Washington, D.C.
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Ten Years in Washington: Life and Scenes in the National Capital, As a Woman Sees Them.
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and instituted many of the same reforms he had championed in the District of Columbia.
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Record of the Senate's rejection of Alexander Shepherd's nomination, June 23, 1874.
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to pass a bill that established the territorial government that he desired. The
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Capitol Losses: A Cultural History of Washington's Destroyed Buildings,
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271:. He was head of the DC Board of Public Works from 1871 to 1873 and
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1096:"Rimensnyder Asks for New Respect for Washington’s "Boss" Shepherd"
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and, once his accounts were settled, moved with his family to
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1014:"The scandals - Ulysses S. Grant - war, election, second"
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Touring Hidden Washington, Mark David Richards, June 2001
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of his luxurious properties was Shepherd's Row, a set of
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and tools are available to assist in formatting, such as
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http://www.washingtonlife.com/2007/05/01/the-boss-of-dc/
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People of Washington, D.C., in the American Civil War
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808:"The Misses Young Safe - 17 Apr 1912, Wed • Page 8"
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889:Hartford: A.D. Worthington & Co., 1873, p.78
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797:Knoxville: H.W. Crew & Co., 1914, p. 262-63.
1240:as President of the D.C. Board of Commissioners
1001:http://www.h-net.org/~dclist/graphics/shep2.gif
989:http://www.h-net.org/~dclist/graphics/shep1.gif
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287:Mary Grice Young, who Shepherd married in 1861
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1198:"Boss" Shepherd Memorial in Washington, D.C.
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38:, which are uninformative and vulnerable to
1030:Washington: Smithsonian Institution (2003).
939:A Treasury of Foolishly Forgotten Americans
795:Standard History of The City of Washington.
653:political machine of the same time period.
146:September 13, 1873 – June 20, 1874
53:and maintains a consistent citation style.
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586:A 1904 illustration of Shepherd's tomb in
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656:A statue of Shepherd currently stands on
95:Learn how and when to remove this message
1538:People from Southwest (Washington, D.C.)
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263:, and one of the most powerful big-city
134:2nd Governor of the District of Columbia
403:In 1871, Shepherd was able to convince
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768:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
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943:Penguin Books Ltd., 2008, p. 145-152.
710:of Pennsylvania Avenue, NW, close to
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1227:Governor of the District of Columbia
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273:Governor of the District of Columbia
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1278:Leaders of the District of Columbia
837:"Governor Alexander Robey Shepherd"
45:Please consider converting them to
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683:In 1979, during the first year of
645:political boss, often compared to
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1193:"Boss" Shepherd Remakes the City
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1124:Coordinates of Shepherd Statue:
923:Evers, Donna. "The Boss of DC."
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1155:Alexander Robey Shepherd statue
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904:"A Short History of Home Rule"
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368:He was an early member of the
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1203:The Silver King of Batopilas
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1205:– Shepherd's life in Mexico
350:, was the piano teacher of
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976:November 29, 2006, at the
293:Southwest Washington, D.C.
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1115:Accessed August 5, 2008.
627:Alexander Robey Shepherd
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257:Alexander Robey Shepherd
168:None (office abolished)
111:Alexander Robey Shepherd
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666:John A. Wilson Building
632:John A. Wilson Building
455:The Cincinnati Enquirer
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1309:Commission President
1100:"Lecture Series" page
927:Magazine, 1 May 2007.
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458:of the time put it: "
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340:Battle of Fort Sumter
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291:Shepherd was born in
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1049:. September 13, 1902
885:Ames, Mary Clemmer.
678:District of Columbia
649:, the leader of the
509:Batopilas, Chihuahua
1548:Union Army soldiers
1443:Mayor-Commissioner
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936:Farquhar, Michael.
658:Pennsylvania Avenue
611:Rock Creek Cemetery
588:Rock Creek Cemetery
560:personal bankruptcy
529:Organic Act of 1871
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409:Organic Act of 1871
381:Mayor of Washington
342:that initiated the
338:Two days after the
230:Rock Creek Cemetery
16:American politician
1212:Political offices
1105:2011-07-25 at the
1046:The New York Times
793:Tindall, William.
664:, in front of the
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374:Frederick Douglass
354:'s children and a
352:Theodore Roosevelt
344:American Civil War
334:American Civil War
324:Connecticut Avenue
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212:September 12, 1902
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1234:Succeeded by
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164:Succeeded by
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71:Citation bot
33:
1533:1902 deaths
1528:1835 births
1445:(1967–1975)
1311:(1874–1967)
1287:(1871–1874)
1147: /
693:Blue Plains
328:Adolf Cluss
312: 1864
152:Preceded by
85:August 2022
1522:Categories
1472:Washington
1453:Washington
1429:McLaughlin
1364:MacFarland
1153: (
1134:77°01′54″W
1131:38°53′43″N
1082:2007-02-06
1053:2012-09-08
872:2007-02-06
847:2007-02-06
755:2007-02-06
725:References
647:Boss Tweed
460:Boss Tweed
394:Georgetown
360:survivor.
307:Shepherd,
279:Early life
269:Gilded Age
245:Republican
195:1835-01-30
51:verifiable
1399:Dougherty
1285:Governor
818:6 January
814:: 8. 1912
599:Batopilas
564:Batopilas
545:US Senate
476:St. Louis
435:Sam Smith
414:President
389:Democrats
320:rowhouses
219:Batopilas
142:In office
36:bare URLs
1492:Williams
1434:Tobriner
1389:Hendrick
1379:Brownlow
1349:Douglass
1319:Dennison
1300:Shepherd
1103:Archived
974:Archived
764:cite web
708:sidewalk
704:pedestal
672:and the
643:cronyist
607:appendix
405:Congress
221:, Mexico
40:link rot
1424:Spencer
1419:Donohue
1394:Rudolph
1369:Rudolph
1339:Edmonds
676:of the
670:Council
553:Newport
418:Colonel
357:Titanic
267:of the
1507:Bowser
1462:Mayor
1374:Newman
1324:Phelps
617:Legacy
603:Mexico
568:Mexico
299:Career
236:, U.S.
204:, U.S.
60:reFill
1497:Fenty
1487:Barry
1482:Kelly
1477:Barry
1414:Young
1409:Hazen
1359:Wight
1295:Cooke
749:(PDF)
742:(PDF)
685:Mayor
674:Mayor
578:Death
34:uses
1502:Gray
1384:Kutz
1354:Ross
1344:Webb
1334:West
1329:Dent
820:2018
770:link
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445:Mall
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189:Born
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