101:
offenses including sedition, possession of unregistered firearms, interstate transportation of a stolen vehicle, interference with interstate commerce by violence and interstate transportation of firearms with intent to commit a crime. None of those granted clemency were convicted in any of the actual bombings. Rather, they had been convicted on a variety of charges ranging from bomb making and conspiracy to armed robbery and firearms violations. They were all convicted for sedition, the act of attempting to overthrow the
Government of the United States in Puerto Rico by force.
811:
207:
221:
590:(GA/COL/3138/Rev.1*). Department of Public Information, News and Media Division, New York. Special Committee on Decolonization, 8th & 9th Meetings. (Issued on 13 June 2006.) The Approved Text reads, in part, "As in previous years, ...the Special Committee called on the President of the United States to release Puerto Rican
54:
in 1953, the first in her family to be born in the United States. She recalled not speaking the language and teachers not knowing how to work with children who, for some reason, did not speak
English. A teacher sat her in the back of the classroom and paid little attention to her or her learning
109:
There were reports of human rights violations against the FALN prisoners. The prisoners were placed in prisons far from their families, some were sexually assaulted by prison personnel, some were denied adequate medical attention, and others were kept in isolated underground prison cells for no
100:
None of the bombings of which they were convicted resulted in deaths or injuries. Rodriguez was given a 55-year federal sentence for seditious conspiracy and other charges. Among the other convicted Puerto Rican nationalists there were sentences of as long as 90 years in
Federal prisons for
744:"Special Committee on Decolonization Approves Text Calling on United States to Expedite Puerto Rican Self-determination Process: Draft Resolution Urges Probe of Pro-Independence Leader’s Killing, Human Rights Abuses; Calls for Clean-up, Decontamination of Vieques."
585:
Special
Committee on Decolonization Approves Text Calling on United States to Expedite Puerto Rican Self-determination Process: Draft Resolution Urges Probe of Pro-Independence Leader’s Killing, Human Rights Abuses; Calls for Clean-up, Decontamination of
58:
In high school, Alicia became senior class president. Alicia ditched class to attend her older sister's college classes. This is where she began to take an interest in political science classes that discussed the wars in
Algeria and Vietnam.
152:
For many years, numerous national and international organizations criticized
Rodriguez' incarceration categorizing it as political imprisonment. Alicia Rodriguez was finally released from prison on September 10, 1999, after President
1516:
746:
United
Nations General Assembly. June 12, 2006.(GA/COL/3138/Rev.1*). Department of Public Information, News and Media Division, New York. Special Committee on Decolonization, 8th & 9th Meetings. (Issued on 13 June
122:, the judge found that their exceptionally restrictive conditions of detention were not in response to any legitimate security threat, and were therefore "an exaggerated response" and in violation of the prisoners'
93:. They had been linked to more than 100 bombings or attempted bombings since 1974 in their attempt to achieve independence for Puerto Rico. At their trial proceedings, all of the arrested declared their status as
515:
114:
and the House of
Representatives' Subcommittee on Courts, Intellectual Property and the Administration of Justice both criticized the conditions. The conditions were found to be in violation of the
646:...When we ask ourselves, 'Can it happen here?' the Puerto Rican people can answer, 'It has happened in Puerto Rico.' as he spoke about the treatment of Puerto Rican Nationalist and U.S. prisoner
1616:
165:
as having been influential on his decision to grant
Rodriguez the clemency offer. Cases involving the release of other Puerto Rican Nationalist prisoners have also been categorized as cases of
176:
662:
1601:
149:
The sentences received by
Rodriguez and the other Nationalists were judged to be "out of proportion to the nationalists' offenses" President Clinton said though a spokesman.
38:
conspiracy and other charges. She was sentenced on February 18, 1981, and incarcerated in a U.S. federal prison. However, she was released early from prison, after President
62:
Her first trip to Puerto Rico, which came only after graduating from high school, was a turning point in her life. On her third and last trip, as a biology student at the
931:
31:
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status. They argued that the U.S. courts did not have jurisdiction to try them as criminals and petitioned for their cases to be handed over to an
298:
1537:
1506:
66:, Alicia was heartbroken to see the devastating effects of industrial pollution on the island and resolved to combat the root of the problem -
118:. A federal judge also expressed concerns regarding FALN prisoners held at the Female High Security Unit, Lexington, Kentucky. In the case of
681:
78:
Rodríguez was arrested in 1980, convicted of seditious conspiracy and related charges, and sentenced to 55 years in prison. Her sister is
183:
article. In 2006, the United Nations called for the release of the remaining Puerto Rican political prisoners in United States prisons.
82:. Although Rodriguez was one of the longest-held prisoners in the prison, with an immaculate record which included the accumulation of a
468:
1501:
659:
388:
894:
800:
874:
728:
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615:. Center for Puerto Rican Studies, Hunter College, City University of New York. August 1991 and December 2003. Updated 2005.
814:
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269:
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452:
63:
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1042:
1456:
1100:
889:
693:
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694:"Carlos Alberto Torres, Puerto Rican Nationalist Imprisoned In Illinois For 30 Years, Returns Home To Puerto Rico"
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884:
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ProLIBERTAD Campaign for the Freedom of Puerto Rican Political Prisoners and Prisoners of War: Arm the Spirit
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879:
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in an anti-colonial war against the United States to liberate Puerto Rico from U.S. domination and invoked
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that would determine their status. The U.S. Government, however, did not recognize their request.
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1310:
992:
786:
1461:
1165:
1145:
317:
1581:
1395:
1305:
1295:
1280:
920:
552:"FALN prisoners another step closer to freedom: Clinton condemned on Capitol Hill for clemency"
86:
with honors, after 13 years she was still not permitted to walk unescorted across the grounds.
1400:
1390:
1300:
1155:
426:
United States Department of Justice. Office of the Pardon Attorney: Commutations of Sentences.
408:
1471:
1350:
1275:
111:
1355:
1160:
1125:
1037:
778:
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582:
439:
234:
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385:
83:
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8:
1532:
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1170:
1150:
1022:
647:
625:
Vito Marcantonio, U.S. Congressman. In his August 5, 1939, speech before Congress titled
254:
143:
27:
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1205:
1085:
212:
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In criticizing President Clinton's decision to release the Puerto Rican prisoners, the
166:
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962:
710:
1345:
1140:
1090:
833:
724:
Al Gore: Quick to Condemn "Arms-for-Hostages," but What About "Terrorists-for-Votes?"
682:"Puerto Rican Nationalist Sentenced to 7 Years for 1983 Wells Fargo Robbery in Conn."
192:
79:
1385:
1095:
722:
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1517:
Latin American and Caribbean Congress in Solidarity with Puerto Rico's Independence
952:
828:
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226:
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Alicia Rodriguez moved to Puerto Rico after being released. Alicia and her sister
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At the time of their arrest Rodriguez and the others declared themselves to be
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also categorized Rodriguez as a "Puerto Rican Nationalist", echoing a recent
605:
Guide to the Ruth M. Reynolds Papers: Archives of the Puerto Rican Diaspora.
1375:
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In the words of Congressman Marcantonio, "There is no place in America for
249:
173:
162:
158:
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39:
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516:"Federal Bureau of Prisons. U.S. Department of Justice. Inmate Locator"
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are attempting to lead a quiet life after spending 20 years in prison.
853:
135:
35:
1554:
660:"Puerto Rican community celebrates release of political prisoner."
848:
838:
51:
23:
1617:
Prisoners and detainees of the United States federal government
843:
453:"Puerto Rican Inmate Has No Regrets For His Terrorist Actions."
808:
726:
U.S. Senate Republican Policy Committee. September 21, 1999.
89:
Rodríguez and 11 others were arrested on April 4, 1980, in
116:
U.N. Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners
299:"12 Imprisoned Puerto Ricans Accept Clemency Conditions"
42:
extended a clemency offer to her on September 7, 1999.
1602:
Puerto Rican people convicted of seditious conspiracy
711:"Lolita Lebrón, Puerto Rican Nationalist, Dies at 90"
542:
August 11, 1999. United States Department of Justice.
440:"Eleven Puerto Rican Nationalists Freed from Prison."
410:
The Puerto Rican movement: voices from the diaspora.
202:
905:Puerto Rico Pro-Independence University Federation
403:
401:
365:
363:
361:
312:
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97:, and refused to participate in the proceedings.
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45:
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1607:Imprisoned Puerto Rican independence activists
794:
568:"Puerto Rican Nationalists Freed From Prison"
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1612:Recipients of American presidential clemency
169:, with some being more vocal than others.
801:
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413:. Temple University Press. 1998. Page 147.
282:
157:extended her clemency. Clinton cited Rev.
104:
435:
433:
895:Hostosian National Independence Movement
566:Babington, Charles (September 11, 1999)
34:who received a sentence of 55 years for
875:Independence Association of Puerto Rico
395:Denver Westword Retrieved on 2008-11-21
177:U.S. Senate Republican Policy Committee
73:
1569:
1538:La Borinqueña by Lola Rodríguez de Tío
1482:Nationalist Party revolts of the 1950s
932:Fuerzas Armadas de Liberación Nacional
466:
430:
1507:U.S. Capitol shooting incident (1954)
782:
756:
469:"High Security Unit in Lexington, KY"
815:Independence movement in Puerto Rico
384:Prendergast, Alan. (July 12, 1995).
297:Broder. John M. (September 8, 1999)
186:
13:
451:Hanley, Charles J. (May 10, 1998).
270:Puerto Rican independence movement
14:
1628:
709:Martin, Douglas (August 3, 2010)
583:United Nations General Assembly.
64:University of Illinois at Chicago
809:
219:
205:
885:Puerto Rican Independence Party
750:
737:
716:
703:
687:
684:Fox News Network. May 26, 2010.
675:
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1421:Teófilo Villavicencio Marxuach
1053:José "Aguila Blanca" Maldonado
890:Puerto Rican Nationalist Party
445:
378:
334:
1:
1442:Ducoudray Holstein Expedition
1356:Pedro "Davilita" Ortiz Dávila
1116:Gilberto Concepción de Gracia
968:María de las Mercedes Barbudo
275:
46:Early years and personal life
1502:Truman assassination attempt
880:Liberal Party of Puerto Rico
650:. Retrieved August 28, 2010.
7:
1492:San Juan Nationalist revolt
1101:Marie Haydée Beltrán Torres
245:Juan Enrique Segarra-Palmer
198:
129:
10:
1633:
870:Union Party of Puerto Rico
1597:Puerto Rican nationalists
1546:
1525:
1434:
1224:
1196:María de Lourdes Santiago
1191:Manuel Rodríguez Orellana
1066:
1033:Antonio Valero de Bernabé
940:
913:
862:
821:
638:January 12, 2012, at the
1028:Arturo Alfonso Schomburg
998:Francisco Ramírez Medina
988:Rosendo Matienzo Cintrón
442:CNN. September 10, 1999.
1512:Cerro Maravilla murders
1457:Levantamiento de Ciales
1416:Carlos Vélez Rieckehoff
1336:Tomás López de Victoria
1321:Andres Figueroa Cordero
1311:Carmelo Delgado Delgado
1131:José M. Dávila Monsanto
993:Antonio Mattei Lluberas
983:Francisco Gonzalo Marín
978:Eugenio María de Hostos
948:Ramón Emeterio Betances
863:Political organizations
759:"El Andar: Spring 2000"
342:"El Andar: Spring 2000"
105:Human rights violations
1592:History of Puerto Rico
1587:Activists from Chicago
1411:Antonio Vélez Alvarado
1306:Isabel Freire de Matos
1296:Juan Antonio Corretjer
1246:Margot Arce de Vázquez
1076:Antonio Rafael Barceló
1003:José Gualberto Padilla
941:19th century activists
921:Cadets of the Republic
914:Militant organizations
731:March 1, 2012, at the
665:July 31, 2010, at the
627:Five Years of Tyranny.
50:Rodríguez was born in
1371:Helen Rodríguez Trías
1351:Francisco Matos Paoli
1316:Raimundo Díaz Pacheco
1276:Rafael Cancel Miranda
1211:Carlos Alberto Torres
1111:Cayetano Coll y Cuchí
1067:20th and 21st century
1008:Lola Rodríguez de Tió
822:Indigenous resistance
757:Guadalupe, Patricia.
713:. The New York Times.
631:Congressional Record.
240:Carlos Alberto Torres
161:and former President
112:Amnesty International
16:Puerto Rican activist
1462:Río Piedras massacre
1166:Filiberto Ojeda Ríos
1146:Víctor Manuel Gerena
1081:Félix Benítez Rexach
926:Boricua Popular Army
698:The Huffington Post.
501:Peoples Law Office.
467:Susler, Jan (1989).
74:Seditious conspiracy
1533:Grito de Lares flag
1426:Olga Viscal Garriga
1401:Clemente Soto Vélez
1391:Vidal Santiago Díaz
1301:José Ferrer Canales
1236:Pedro Albizu Campos
1186:Ángel Rivero Méndez
1171:Antonio S. Pedreira
1156:Luis Lloréns Torres
1151:Edwin Irizarry Mora
1023:Segundo Ruiz Belvis
648:Pedro Albizu Campos
644:political prisoners
592:political prisoners
571:The Washington Post
255:Pedro Albizu Campos
167:political prisoners
144:international court
120:Baraldini vs. Meese
1452:Intentona de Yauco
1406:Griselio Torresola
1361:Ruth Mary Reynolds
1256:Casimiro Berenguer
1206:Alejandrina Torres
1161:Oscar López Rivera
1126:Pedro Ortiz Dávila
1043:Fernando Fernandez
1038:Manuel Zeno Gandía
611:2010-07-15 at the
556:September 9, 1999.
476:Law and Liberation
391:2012-01-28 at the
386:"End of the Line."
318:"Alicia Rodriguez"
303:The New York Times
235:Oscar López Rivera
213:Puerto Rico portal
91:Evanston, Illinois
1564:
1563:
1476:Ley de la Mordaza
1366:Germán Rieckehoff
1281:José Coll y Cuchí
1228:Nationalist Party
1141:Leopoldo Figueroa
1091:Americo Boschetti
670:Chicago Sun-Times
633:August 14, 1939.)
629:(Recorded in the
456:The Seattle Times
193:Ida Luz Rodriguez
187:Life after prison
84:bachelor's degree
80:Ida Luz Rodriguez
1624:
1018:Juan Ríus Rivera
953:Mariana Bracetti
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95:prisoners of war
20:Alicia Rodríguez
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1487:Jayuya Uprising
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1271:Nemesio Canales
1261:Julia de Burgos
1251:Elías Beauchamp
1241:José S. Alegría
1227:
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1181:Miguel Poventud
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963:Roberto Cofresí
958:Mathias Brugman
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900:Socialist Front
858:
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763:www.elandar.com
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733:Wayback Machine
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672:. July 26, 2010
667:Wayback Machine
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829:Agüeybaná I
68:colonialism
1571:Categories
768:2019-05-30
573:, Page A2.
526:2010-08-26
351:2019-05-30
327:2019-06-03
276:References
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199:See also
181:Newsweek
130:Prisoner
126:rights.
110:reason.
1526:Symbols
1472:Gag Law
854:Urayoán
849:Jumacao
839:Arasibo
322:NPR.org
55:needs.
52:Chicago
26:) is a
24:Chicago
1435:Events
844:Hayuya
747:2006.)
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