Inalienable possession

4783:

about the bound variable reading in which a kinship or body part noun contains a variable bound by the quantifier in the subject, and (29b) may produce both the referential and bound variable readings. With the referential reading, the professors washed a face or father, mentioned earlier. With the bound variable reading, the professors washed their own face or father. Additionally, both kinship and body part nouns behave similarly in sentences with VP pronominalization. VP pronominalization involving both nouns allow for both a referential reading and a "sloppy reading", which involves variable binding. In (29c) in the referential reading, John and Mari wash a face or a mother been mentioned earlier. In the "sloppy reading", John washes his face or mother, and Mari washes hers.

4465: 4515: 4122: 3728: 3740: 4078:. On the surface syntactic structure, however, the possessor appears in a position that marks it as an argument of the verb. Thus, there are different views on how those types of inalienable possession constructions should be represented in the syntactic structure. The binding hypothesis argues that the possessor is an argument of the verb. Conversely, the possessor-raising hypothesis argues that the possessor originates as an argument of the possessed noun and then 4353:, in addition to their anaphoric relation. The two links of a lexical chain must obey the same constraints as anaphora, which accounts for the locality restrictions on inalienable construals. Every chain is then associated with one theta-role. Inalienable possession surfaces as ungrammatical when the possessed DP and the possessor DP are assigned two different theta-roles by the verb. That explains why sentence (25b) is ungrammatical. The POSS DP is assigned an 6481:

theory and others approach a better understanding of the Rapa language. Svenja Völkel proposed the idea of looking further into the ritualistic beliefs of the community: its mana. That idea has been related to other languages in the Eastern Polynesian language family. It states that objects with less mana than the possessor use the a-possessive particle, and the usage of the o-possessive marker is reserved for the possessor's mana that is not superior.

4787: 466: 7105: 3644: 6260:

emphasises a dominant vs. less-dominant relationship. Old Rapa adheres closer to the Initial Control Theory, which speculates that "the possessor's control over the initiation of the possessive relationship is the determining factor." Here, the Initial Control Theory can also be generally expanded to the whole Polynesian language family in terms of better describing the "alienability" of possession.

5267: 4718: 5084: 1058: 3869: 3668:, not to another possessor that is not mentioned in the sentence. Thus, by having only one grammatical interpretation, (1b) is consistent with anaphoric binding. On the other hand, the interpretation of alienable constructions such as 1a can be ambiguous since it is not restricted by the same properties of anaphoric binding. 5485:

hypothesizes that the distance between the possessor and possessee in a sentence with alienable possession is greater than in a sentence with inalienable constructions. Because the possessor and the possessee have a close conceptual relationship, their relative positions with a sentence reflect that,

4073:

However, those types of possessors are problematic. There is a discrepancy between the possessor appearing syntactically in an inalienable possession construction and what its semantic relationship to the inalienable noun seems to be. Semantically, the possessor of an inalienable noun is intrinsic to

6480:

However, Wilson's theory falls short of properly categorizing a few miscellaneous items such as articles of clothing and furniture that his theory would incorrectly predict to be marked with the possessive particle a. The reverse occurs for objects such as food and animals. The synthesis of Wilson's

6263:

In the case of Old Rapa, the possession particle o is used to define a possession relationship that was not initiated on the basis of choice. The possession particle a defines possession relationships that are initiated with the possessor's control. The following list and classifications are literal

6259:

Briefly, through his two theories, the Simple Control Theory and Initial Control Theory, Wilson contrasts and thus better defines the usage of the possessive particles. The Simple Control Theory speculates that the determining factor directly correlated to the possessor's control over the object and

5262:

On the other hand, definite kinship and body-part nouns in Norwegian have a syntactic difference. Definite body part nouns allow a first- or second-person possessor, but some definite kinship nouns do not. For instance, the sentence in (31a) is not allowed as it contains a first-person possessor and

5079:

Finally, both kinship and body part nouns bear similarities in locality. Both behave in such a way that the definite form of the noun is bound by the closest subject. In (30a), the possessor must be the subordinate clause subject, not the main clause subject. Likewise, in (30b), the father mentioned

4782:

Norwegian treats kinship nouns and body-part nouns similarly in relation to bound variable interpretations. When a definite noun is present, it usually has a referential reading. In (29a), the referential reading is present. However, the presence of definite kinship or body part nouns may also bring

4294:

that a language assigns to its determiners. The hypothesis predicts that inalienable possession constructions exist in languages that assign variable theta-features to its determiners and that inalienable possession constructions do not exist in languages that lack variable theta-feature assignment.

696:

The table above outlines some common inalienable relationships, but it is important to note that they are just the most common types of inalienable nouns. Languages with an alienable/inalienable possession distinction differ in which classes fall under each type of possession. However, if a language

604:

With inalienable possession, the two entities have a permanent association in which the possessed has little control over their possessor. For instance, body parts (under normal circumstances) do not change and cannot be removed from their possessor. The following real-world relationships often fall

3663:

Therefore, the pronominal possessor patterns with pronominal binding in the alienable construction, but the pronominal possessor patterns with anaphoric binding in the inalienable construction. In anaphoric binding, an anaphor requires a coreferent antecedent that c-commands the anaphor and that is

3583:

There are few grammatical distinctions between alienable and inalienable possession in English, but there are differences in the way coreference occurs for such possessive constructions. For instance, examples (21a) and (21b) have interpretations that differ by the type of (in)alienable possession:

6251:

in the Bass Islands archipelago. The language structure of Rapa has two primary possessive particles: a and o. The usage of both particles is dependent on the relation between the possessor and the object. When words are categorized by possessive particles, there is a very close resemblance to the

5932:

The alienable nouns above are rarely possessed, but the inalienable kinship terms are frequently possessed. Consequently, inalienable nouns are expected to be possessed even if they lack a distinct possessive marker. Therefore, overt markings on inalienable nouns are redundant, and for economical

3788:

If a language has separate alienable and inalienable possession constructions, and one of the constructions is overtly marked and the other is "zero-marked", the marked form tends to be alienable possession. Inalienable possession is indicated by the absence of the overt marker. An example is the

3401:

is the difference between possible interpretations in a language that marks inalienable possession (such as French) with a language that does not mark it (such as English). Inalienable possession is semantically dependent and is defined in reference to another object to which it belongs. Sentence

718:

may be an inalienable noun in one language but alienable in another. Additionally, in some languages, one entity can be both alienably possessed and inalienably possessed, and its type of possession is influenced by other properties of the sentence. Thus, whether a certain type of relationship is

713:

Although the relationships listed above are likely to be instances of inalienable possession, those that are ultimately classified as inalienable depend on conventions that are specific by language and culture. It is impossible to say that a particular relationship is an example of inalienable

4713:

In sentence (28), "haken", the syntactic object, contains a suppressed possessor in its definite form. It does not contain an explicit possessive marker. In contrast, the English translation contains an explicit possessive determiner, "her", which denote possession. Possessive determiners are

5577:

has two ways to express the same type of possession: POSSESSOR + POSSESSEE and POSSESSOR + de + POSSESSEE. The latter has more linguistic distance between the possessor and the possessee, but it reflects the same conceptual distance. Both possessive expressions, with and without the marker

3566:

The distinction between alienable and inalienable possessions can be influenced by cognitive factors. Languages such as English that do not encode the alienability distinction in their grammar rely on the real-world relationship between the possessed noun and possessor noun. Nouns that are

3804:

features to mark inalienable possession than alienable possession. If a language makes a grammatical distinction between alienable and inalienable nouns, having an overt possessive marker to mark inalienability is redundant. After all, by being inalienable, a noun must be possessed.

4144:

of the verb; the fact that the possessor seems to be a semantic argument of the noun arises from the binding relationship between the possessor and the possessee DPs. The parallel between inalienable possession constructions and obligatory control can be seen in the examples below:

4090:

The binding hypothesis reconciles the fact that the possessor appears both as a syntactic and semantic argument of the verb but as a semantic argument of the possessed noun. It assumes that inalienable possession constructions are subject to the following syntactic constraints:

6484:

The same usage of the possessive particles in possessive pronouns can be seen in the contracted portmanteau, the combination of the articles and possessive markers. The results are the prefixes tō and tā in the following possessive pronouns, as can be seen in the table below:

576:

in which a language distinguishes two kinds of possession (alienable and inalienable). The alienability distinction is the most common kind of binary possessive class system, but it is not the only one. Some languages have more than two possessive classes. In

999:

entity, one that owes its existence to the fact that certain nouns happened to be left out when a new pattern for marking attributive possession arose." He considers that nouns that are "ignored" by a new marking pattern come to form a separate noun class.

6614:

The inalienable noun also has a possessor suffix and includes body parts, kinship terms, locative part nouns and derived nouns. According to Hafford's research, "-u" (my), "-mu" (your) and "na-"（his/her/its) are three direct possession suffix in Wuvulu.

1024:, which refer to instances of a language making a grammatical distinction between different types of possession. In a language with possession split, grammatical constructions with alienable nouns will differ from constructions with inalienable nouns. 697:

has such a distinction, kinship roles or body parts (or both) make up some of the entities that are inalienably possessed. Also, languages may make different distinctions within the categories on how many and which entities are treated as inalienable.

5940:

in which the familiarity or the frequency of an occurrence motivates the linguistic simplification of the concept. A listener who hears an inalienable noun can predict that it will be possessed, which eliminates the need for an overt possessor.

4289:

The hypothesis accounts for differences between French and English, and it may also eliminate the ambiguity created by definite determiners. According to the hypothesis, anaphoric binding in inalienable possession constructions relates to the

700:

Moreover, some languages allow the same noun to be either alienable or inalienable. Thus, trying to determine if a noun is alienable or inalienable based on its meaning or its affiliation to a specific noun category (for instance,

5087:

Illustration of (30a): locality with a body part noun in Norwegian in which the noun is bound by the closest subject. 'Håret' is the subordinate clause subject referent and 'John' is the subordinate clause subject. (Lødrup 2014:

4709:

and is its official language. Norwegian expresses inalienability by possessor suppression, which takes place when noun phrases referring to inalienable possessions use the definite form and contain no possessive determiner.

3762:, and the verb affirms the possessive relationship. The examples in (22) express the same alienable relationship between possessor and possessee but illustrate the difference between attributive and predicative possession: 990:

is responsible for the observed cross-linguistic variation in the categorization of (in)alienable nouns. He states that "rather than being a semantically defined category, inalienability is more likely to constitute a

676:

Alienable possession, on the other hand, has a less permanent association between the two entities. For instance, most objects may or may not be possessed. When such types of objects are possessed, the possession is

7179:

Cinque and Krapova are citing Lamiroy (2003). "Grammaticalization and external possessor structures in Romance and Germanic languages", p.259, who is in turn citing Leclère (1976). "Datifs syntaxiques et datif

3373:

Since the alienability distinction is rooted in semantics, languages like English with few morphological or syntactic distinctions sensitive to alienability can have ambiguities occur. For example, the phrase

3354:), it has few such formal distinctions in its grammar. One subtle grammatical distinction is the postnominal genitive construction, which is normally reserved for inalienable relational nouns. For example, 5695:

encompasse other cases of inalienable possession, such as body parts. That contradicts the notion that inalienable possession is marked by less linguistic distance between the possessor and the possessee.

3880: 5270:

Illustration of (31a) and (31b): syntactic restrictions on first- and second-person possessors of definite body part nouns in Norwegian (Lødrup 2014: 49-50) in which '*' denotes an ungrammatical sentence

5473:

difference in form. Iconicity explains the in terms of the relationship between the conceptual distance between the possessor and the possessee, and economy explains it by the frequency of possession.

5481:

Haiman describes iconic expression and conceptual distance and how both concepts are conceptually close if they share semantic properties, affect each other and cannot be separated from each other.

3547:

In contrast, others have argued that semantics plays a role in inalienable possession, but it is not central to the syntactic class of case-derived possessives. An example is the difference between

1073: 5687:

is ungrammatical, as in example (35b). The linguistic distance between the possessor and the possessee is much smaller in (35b) than in (35a). It has been argued that the omission of

3796:

One typological study showed that in 78% of South American languages that distinguish between inalienable and alienable possession, inalienable possession was associated with fewer

5830:

Nichols notes that frequently-possessed nouns, such as body parts and kinship terms, almost always occur with possessors, and alienable nouns occur less often with possessors.

2284:

Another way for languages to distinguish between alienable and inalienable possession is to have one noun class that cannot appear without an explicit possessor. For example,

1863:

process when the subject and the possessor refer to different entities. In possessor switch, the possessor of the inalienable noun is placed as close as possible to the

6611:. Direct possession has a close relationship with inalienability in Oceanic linguistics. Similarly, the inherent possession of the possessor is called the possessum. 8342:

Lødrup, Helge. "Split Possession and the Syntax of Kinship Nouns in Norwegian." The Journal of Comparative Germanic Linguistics, vol. 17, no. 1, 2014, pp. 35-57.

8282:

Kempchinsky, Paula (1992). "The Spanish possessive dative construction: θ-role assignment and proper government". In Hirschbühler, Paul; Koerner, E.F.K. (eds.).

1527: 3555:. A book cannot be divorced from its contents, but it can be removed from its jacket. Still, both phrases have the same syntactic structure. Another example is 4128:: the possessor c-commands the possessee in its domain. The possessor and possessee constitute a lexical chain and receive the same theta-roles from the verb. 541:

in an inalienable possession relationship cannot exist independently or be "alienated" from their possessor. Inalienable nouns include body parts (such as

5497:

that marks alienable possession by a free form pronoun as in (33a). In contrast, inalienable possession constructions use an inalienable possessor that is

3894:. Such constructions have the possessor appearing outside the determiner phrase. For example, the possessor may appear as a dative complement of the verb. 5501:

on the possessee, as in (33b), a construction that has less linguistic distance between the possessor and possessee than the alienable construction has:

5837:. The table below shows the number of times that each noun occurred with or without a possessor in texts from the German Goethe-Corpus of the works of 3813:

In inalienable possession constructions, the relationship between the possessor and possessee is stronger than in alienable possession constructions.

557:). Many languages reflect the distinction but vary in how they mark inalienable possession. Cross-linguistically, inalienability correlates with many 7446:

Prolegomena to a theory of inalienability. The grammar of inalienability: A typological perspective on body-part terms and the part-whole relation

4479:. Landau argues that the possessor is initially introduced in the specifier position of DP (Spec-DP), but it later raises to the specifier of the 3829:

of an inalienable possession construction (the possessed noun) is marked, but in dependent-marking, the dependent (the possessor noun) is marked.

3886:

in French. The possessor and the possessee are in the same phrase (circled in red). Sentence adapted from Vergnaud and Zubizarreta 1992: 596 (6b)

3875:

in French. The possessor is outside the phrase with the possessee (circled in red). Sentence adapted from Vergnaud and Zubizarreta 1992: 596 (4b)

7849: 3837:

Since the possessor is crucially linked to an inalienable noun's meaning, inalienable nouns are assumed to take their possessors as a semantic

3563:. The mother will always be Mary's mother, but an individual might not always be Mary's friend. Again, both have the same syntactic structure. 3544:

and Chomsky make a syntactic distinction between alienable and inalienable possession and suggest that the distinction is relevant to English.

3676:

Although there are different methods of marking inalienability, inalienable possession constructions usually involve the following features:

7997:

Vergnaud, Jean-Roger; Zubizarreta, Maria Luisa (1992). "The Definite Determiner and the Inalienable Construction in French and in English".

4721:

Illustration of (28a) and (28b): possessor suppression in Norwegian compared to an explicit possessive marker in English (Thunes, 2013: 168)

9350: 7247: 1546:

are the same, but it is ungrammatical to keep both of them in a sentence. Igbo uses the processes of identical possessor deletion, and the

8220: 1859:

The distinction between alienable and inalienable possession constructions may be marked by a difference in word order. Igbo uses another

6252:

usage of the possessive particle and the object's alienability. However, the relation is better defined by William Wilson in his article

6264:

examples provided by Mary Walworth in her dissertation of Rapa. Words that are marked with the o possessive markers are nouns that are:

4114: 8639: 4341:

lave 'Jean washes himself'). To account for the grammaticality of such verbs, Guéron proposes that in an inalienable construction the

5486:

and there is little distance between them. Increasing the distance between both would in turn increase their conceptual independence.

9113: 1034:

Inalienable possession constructions involve two nouns or nominals: the possessor and the possessee. Together, they form a unit, the

4319:

is assigned theta-features. Thus, it is understood as inalienable possession. However, in the English translation, the determiner

9345: 4075: 746:(as indicated by the asterisk). French cannot use the inalienable possession construction for a relationship that is alienable. 17: 6220:

D:determiner DP:determiner phrase N:noun NP:noun phrase PP:prepositional phrase T:tense TP:tense phrase V:verb VP:verb phrase

8146: 8099: 7481: 6623:

Direct- possession suffix "-u"(my), "-mu" (your) and "na-"（his/her/its) can be taken to attach the noun phrase of body part.

493: 7474:

Split possession: An areal-linguistic study of the alienability correlation and related phenomena in the languages of Europe

8181: 7608: 3629:

i) The horse belongs to Lucy, and Lucy raised this horse ii) The horse belongs to someone else, but Lucy raised the horse

1008:

The distinction between alienable and inalienable possession is often marked by various morphosyntactic properties such as

383: 8981: 8648: 2973:

Subtler cases of syntactic patterns sensitive to alienability are found in many languages. For example, French can use a

4668: 2697:

is a tangible object, but in Hawaiian, it can be either alienable (15a) or inalienable (15b), depending on the context.

1474:, as in example (4), indicates that the relationship between the possessor and the possessee is inalienable possession. 8611: 8191: 7896: 7416: 7370: 8291: 8266: 7779: 7588: 7548: 7453: 7285: 4464: 4323:

does not have theta-features since English is considered not to assign theta-features to its determiners. Therefore,

3622:

or to another possessor not mentioned in the sentence. As such, two interpretations of the sentence are possible:

1031:

pattern for inalienable possession to require fewer morphological markers than alienable possession constructions.

719:

described as alienable or inalienable can be arbitrary. In that respect, alienability is similar to other types of

685:), but inalienable possession generally refers to a perpetual relationship that cannot be readily severed (such as 2014:. Possessor switch requires the verb to be placed nearer to the possessor. The grammatical (8b) does so switching 9330: 9068: 5469:

Inalienable possession constructions often lack overt possessors. There is a debate as to how to account for the

3841:. Possessors to alienable and inalienable nouns can be expressed with different constructions. Possessors in the 343: 4494:

Landau's analysis is made on the basis of several properties possessives in the data case in Romance languages.

3664:

in the domain of the anaphor. For example (1b) to obey those conditions, the pronominal possessor must refer to

9340: 9189: 9063: 8722: 8632: 5080:

is preferably the father of the subordinate clause subject referent, not of the main clause subject referent.

2295:

If explicit possessors are absent (as in (11b) and (12b)), the phrase is ungrammatical. In (11), the possessor

2205:

However, the genitive follows the possessee in alienable possession constructions, such as (10) whose genitive

681:. Alienable possession is used generally for tangible items that one might cease to own at some point (such as 515: 403: 348: 121: 8841: 8662: 3398: 378: 69: 3758:. That contrasts to predicative possession constructions in which the possessor and possessee are part of a 3751:

Alienability can be expressed only in attributive possession constructions, not in predicative possession.

323: 189: 3800:

markers than was its alienable counterpart. By contrast, only one of the surveyed languages required more

8727: 5404:

However, body part nouns do not have the restriction on first- or second-person possessors like in (32).

443: 149: 4099: 9209: 8871: 8692: 5838: 3822: 1361:

in examples (3a) and (3b) indicates an alienable relationship between the possessor and the possessee.

8058: 6741: 3897:

French exhibits both external possessor construction and internal possessor construction, as in (23):

9214: 9164: 8926: 8815: 8625: 4676: 486: 433: 333: 159: 3743:

Predicative possession: the possessor (Ron) and the possessee (dog) form not a phrase but instead a

3521:

a) an arm that is part of John's body b) the arm that John happens to have physical possession of

9274: 9133: 8712: 7207: 7119: 4699: 4667:

and so it is unclear why the possessor would ever have to raise. Possessor-raising also violates a

4475:

Possessor-raising is a syntactic hypothesis that attempts to explain the structures of inalienable

3856:

to the possessed noun, as part of the phrase headed by the inalienable noun. That is an example of

3853: 3801: 3797: 3712: 3688: 3533: 3414:

is an alienable object and does not belong to the subject. The English equivalent of the sentence (

2978: 1468:

The possessive marker does not occur in inalienable possession constructions. Thus, the absence of

1009: 558: 526: 338: 281: 96: 3694:

Inalienable possession involves a tighter structural bond between the possessor and the possessee.

3567:"inherently relational" and whose possession is associated with a single dominant interpretation ( 1046:), depending on the language. French, for example, can use a postnominal possessor (the possessor 9269: 8810: 7312:"On the interpretation of alienable vs. inalienable possession: A psycholinguistic investigation" 5263:

kinship term. The kinship term can be used only with a third-person possessor, such as in (31b).

4141: 1345: 438: 276: 253: 31: 8019:

Kockelman, Paul (2009). "Inalienable Possession as Grammatical Category and Discourse Pattern".

7189:

Technically, the obligatory occurrence of a possessor is a property of certain morphemes called

5573:

However, there are cases of linguistic distance not necessarily reflecting conceptual distance.

5071:

Sloppy reading: John will wash his own face or mother and Mari will wash her own face or mother.

9299: 8966: 8911: 8851: 8750: 8682: 8333:

Thunes, Martha. “The Inalieability Pattern of English and Norwegian.” 1 Feb. 2013, pp. 168–169.

4940:

Referential reading: Every single professor washed a face or father that was mentioned earlier.

4133: 3838: 3640:) can only grammatically refer to Lucy. As such, the hand being discussed must belong to Lucy. 3418:) has only the alienable possessive reading in which the hand does not belong to the children. 3402:(20) is ambiguous and has two possible meanings. In the inalienable possessive interpretation, 388: 355: 308: 224: 204: 184: 86: 64: 59: 9194: 9088: 9053: 8941: 8916: 8760: 8677: 7339: 7190: 7124: 6161: 4580:

According to Guéron, a benefit of the hypothesis is that it is consistent with principles of

4137: 3818: 593: 538: 534: 164: 8485:

WILSON, WILLIAM H. 1982. Proto-Polynesian possessive marking. Canberra: Pacific Linguistics.

7815:

Hyman, Larry M.; Alford, Danny; Elizabeth, Akpati (1970). "Inalienable Possession in Igbo".

4661:

However, some languages like Russian do not have to raise the DP possessor and can leave it

2689:

distinctions that are less clearly attributable to common alienability relationships except

9179: 8986: 8765: 8258: 7580: 7277: 5833:

The following shows the frequency of possession between alienable and unalienable nouns in

5470: 5068:

Referential reading: John and Mari will wash a face or a mother that was mentioned earlier.

4596:, the possessor cannot raise, and the sentence is correctly predicted to be ungrammatical. 4518:

Illustration of possessor-raising in French. Sentence adapted from (Guéron 2007: 611 (100b)

3754:

Attributive possession is a type of possession in which the possessor and possessee form a

2289: 479: 408: 318: 199: 144: 41: 8169:(ACLS Humanities E-Book ed.). Chicago: University of Chicago Press. pp. 116–123. 7210: 4121: 8: 9264: 9229: 9174: 9118: 9021: 9006: 8976: 8956: 8931: 8800: 8785: 8496:

Structure, space, and possession in Tongan culture and language: An ethnolinguistic study

7391:

Nichols, Johanna; Bickel, Balthasar (2013). Dryer, Matthew S; Haspelmath, Martin (eds.).

6604: 6088: 4110: 3879: 3541: 1028: 546: 249: 179: 154: 126: 9309: 9234: 9204: 9169: 9149: 9078: 9058: 8996: 8991: 8901: 8891: 8876: 8820: 8376: 8088: 8036: 7843: 7759: 7673: 7656:

Lødrup, Helge (2014). "Split possession and the syntax of kinship nouns in Norwegian".

7331: 7154: 7110: 6755: 6073: 6013: 5970: 5933:

syntactic construction, languages often have zero-marking for their inalienable nouns.

4695: 4581: 4488: 4079: 3826: 1355:(bold in the examples below) to indicate alienable possession. The possessive morpheme 996: 724: 572:

In general, the alienable–inalienable distinction is an example of a binary possessive

469: 448: 418: 373: 328: 296: 286: 174: 169: 8617: 8320: 8286:(20 ed.). Philadelphia, PA: John Benjamins Publishing Company. pp. 135–148. 4538:. The possessor raises to the specifier of VP, which is seen in the surface structure 4514: 3503:

in the underlying structure. The inalienable possessives are derived from a different

3050: 9289: 9244: 9224: 9184: 9123: 9093: 9073: 8866: 8795: 8287: 8262: 8187: 8142: 8095: 7931:

A Concise Dictionary of Minnesota Ojibwe. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.

7775: 7677: 7584: 7544: 7477: 7449: 7335: 7281: 7134: 6171: 6131: 6063: 5584:, are found in the Mandarin phrase "my friend", which is seen in (34a) unlike (34b): 4476: 4358: 4331: 4296: 3571:) are of the inalienable type, and nouns whose possession is open to interpretation ( 2503: 2117: 1535: 1035: 465: 313: 291: 234: 8040: 4522:

The French data below illustrate how the analysis is thought to work. The possessor

1057: 714:

possession without specifying the languages for which that holds true. For example,

9335: 9294: 9219: 9108: 8886: 8368: 8316: 8254: 8028: 7972: 7767: 7717: 7707: 7665: 7604: 7576: 7510: 7323: 7273: 7149: 6248: 6000: 5574: 5490: 5482: 4690: 4491:

D, which gives rise to the meaning that the possessor is related to the possessee.

4304: 4300: 3070: 2974: 1704: 1700: 735: 578: 413: 244: 239: 214: 209: 194: 582: 9098: 9001: 8896: 8861: 7976: 6033: 5980: 5960: 5834: 5691:

occurs only in kinship relationships, but phrasal constructions with a mandatory

5494: 4683:

is specific, but possessor-raising predicts it can be moved out of the larger DP

4589: 4354: 3814: 3173: 2285: 992: 987: 739: 8511:. Diss. U of Hawaii at Manoa, 2015. Honolulu: U of Hawaii at Manoa, 2015. Print. 7343: 3868: 1348: 9284: 9279: 9199: 9083: 8961: 8856: 8697: 6211: 4943:

Bound variable reading: Every single professor washed their own face or father.

4327:

does not necessarily signify inalienable possession and so ambiguity surfaces.

3698: 3504: 1324:). However, in some situations, it may also use a postnominal possessor, as in 1068:, as it occurs after the noun. This sentence adapted from Guéron 2007: 590 (1a) 743: 586: 258: 8608:

A map of the world's languages colored by possessive classification complexity

7669: 4082:

to a position in which on the surface, it looks like an argument of the verb.

3053:. Thus, the sentence has both an alienable and an inalienable interpretation: 9324: 8971: 8946: 8780: 7159: 6608: 6240: 6023: 5937: 4498:

The possessor dative must be interpreted as a possessor, not an object/theme.

4350: 3842: 3049:

Using the definite article with body parts, as in the example above, creates

2125: 1523: 545:, which is necessarily "someone's leg" even if it is severed from the body), 8607: 7963:

Nakamoto, Takeshi (2010). "Inalienable Possession Constructions in French".

7515: 7498: 3727: 1038:(DP), in which the possessor nominal may occur either before the possessee ( 30:

This article is about a linguistic category. For the property category, see

9239: 9159: 9026: 8906: 8790: 8770: 3739: 3731:

Attribution possession: the possessor (Ron) and the possessee (dog) form a

3708: 3684: 3536:

of the determiner phrase. That contrasts to the alienable reading in which

3496: 2507: 720: 301: 91: 8032: 7891: 7836:

A Grammar of Maybrat: A Language of the Bird's Head, Irian Jaya, Indonesia

7771: 7758:

Guéron, Jacqueline (2007). "Inalienable Possession". In Everaert, Martin;

7365: 7327: 6697:

Such a word can take the direct possessor suffix. "-mu" (your {singular])

3808: 9154: 9128: 9011: 8775: 8702: 7712: 7695: 7139: 6199: 6151: 6102: 5990: 4510:

Possessive interpretation is constrained by locality. (Nakamoto 2010: 76)

4480: 3499:

proposed that some genitive or possessive cases originate as part of the

983: 507: 453: 428: 49: 7722: 4132:

It is assumed that inalienable possession constructions are one form of

3507:

than that of alienable possession. An example is interpretations of the

9304: 8951: 8717: 8672: 8667: 8593:. Ann Arbor, Michigan: University Microfilms International. p. 51. 7144: 7129: 6121: 6053: 6003: 4484: 4291: 3776:

b. Ron has a dog c. The dog is Ron's (Heine 1997: 87 (2))

3500: 3491:'The children raised the hand' (Vergnaud and Zubizarreta 1992: 596 (1)) 3067:

Such an ambiguity also occurs in English with body-part constructions.

2121: 1072: 1013: 573: 423: 106: 8380: 9103: 8921: 8846: 8825: 8755: 8707: 8687: 8064:. In Maienborn, Claudia; von Heusinger, Klaus; Portner, Paul (eds.). 7538: 7311: 7220:) appears to have originated from the inalienable possessive marker ( 4588:. If the position to which it must move is already filled, as with a 4585: 4106: 1539: 1003: 562: 398: 393: 229: 219: 111: 101: 8399:

Nichols, Johanna (1988). "On Alienable and Inalienable Possession".

8086:

Stockwell, Robert P.; Schachter, Paul; Partee, Barbara Hall (1973).

7472:

Stolz, Thomas; Kettler, Sonja; Stroh, Cornelia; Urdze, Aina (2008).

6657:

Kinship terms in Wuvulu language take singular possessive suffixes.

4507:

The possessor dative must c-command the possessed DP (or its trace).

3643: 9016: 8805: 8372: 7104: 6244: 4786: 4702: 3817:

characterizes that by the tendency of inalienable possession to be

2690: 2686: 2311:). In (12), the same phenomenon is found with the inalienable noun 1543: 1352: 566: 8307:

Landau, Idan (1999). "Possessor Raising and the Structure of VP".

6754:

Here is a table displaying the predicative possessive pronouns in

6286:

Involuntary body functions (heartbeat, stomach, pupils, breathing)

4663: 3860:

since the possessor of the noun is inside the determiner phrase.

1531: 8429:

Hsu, Yu-Yin (2009). "Possessor extraction in Mandarin Chinese".

8066:

Semantics: An international handbook of natural language meaning

7918:

Nishnaabemwin Reference Grammar Nishnaabemwin Reference Grammar.

5683:

In contrast to the previous example, the omission of the marker

4691:

Possessor suppression with kin and body-part nouns (Lødrup 2014)

3060:

a) he raises his own hands b) he raises another pair of hands

7920:

Toronto: University of Toronto Press. 2001. §3.3.1. pg. 106 ff.

7310:

Lichtenberk, Frantisek; Vaid, Jyotsna; Chen, Hsin-Chin (2011).

6043: 5498: 4714:

obligatory in English for subject-controlled body-part terms.

4706: 4308: 3759: 3755: 3744: 3732: 3508: 1860: 116: 8137:

Sportiche, Dominique; Koopman, Hilda; Stabler, Edward (2014).

7864: 7411: 7392: 6277:

Higher social or religious status (teacher, pastor, president)

6271:

A whole of which the possessor is a permanent part (household)

4330:

That hypothesis, however, does not account for verbs allowing

2128:

and the noun between alienable and inalienable constructions:

8881: 8509:

The Language of Rapa Iti: Description of a Language In Change

8394: 8392: 8390: 7889: 7643:

Possession: Cognitive Sources, Forces, and Grammaticalization

7409: 7363: 6694:ʔei wareamu (Your word) is derived from the verb ware (talk) 4526:

originates in the specifier of DP as an argument of the noun

4459: 7923: 6722: 6289:

Words that relate to indigenous identity (language, country)

5266: 5061:

John shall wash face.DEF /mother.DEF and that shall Mari too

4717: 2520:) is used to indicate alienable possession as in (13a), and 1313:

In contrast, English generally uses a prenominal possessor (

6189: 6141: 5083: 4687:. Such movement is excluded by the specificity constraint. 4295:

Therefore, inalienable possession is predicted to exist in

2292:, has a class of nouns that must have explicit possessors. 1864: 1016:. The morphosyntactic differences are often referred to as 530: 8387: 7766:. Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing Ltd. pp. 589–638. 7696:"Attributive possession in the languages of South America" 3704:

Inalienable nouns include kinship terms and/or body parts.

2841:'the subject of the chief' (Elbert & Pukui 1979: 139) 2510:

to mark possession, depending on the noun's alienability:

1096:

French: inalienable body-part noun = postnominal possessor

8452:. Berkeley: University of California Press. p. 169. 8431:

University of Pennsylvania Working Papers in Linguistics

8124:

The Blackwell Companion to Syntax, Volume I (Chapter 35)

8085: 7609:"The two "possessor raising" constructions of Bulgarian" 6858:

Here is a table with the Tokelauan possessive pronouns:

3783: 8647: 8359:

Haiman, John (1983). "Iconic and Economic Motivation".

8186:. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing. pp. 1–15. 8136: 8117: 8115: 8113: 8111: 7753: 4675:: an element cannot be moved out of a DP if that DP is 3832: 3809:

Tighter structural bond between possessor and possessee

3722: 8141:(1 ed.). John Wiley & Sons Inc. p. 165. 7751: 7749: 7747: 7745: 7743: 7741: 7739: 7737: 7735: 7733: 7471: 7448:. Berlin; New York: Mouton de Gruyter. pp. 3–30. 3680:

The distinction is confined to attributive possession.

3346:

Although English has alienable and inalienable nouns (

7645:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 182. 7499:"The inalienability pattern of English and Norwegian" 5825: 5255:'She did not know that John had talked to his father' 3655:) is c-commanded and co-indexed by an antecedent DP ( 3636:

However, in example (21b), the pronominal possessor (

3390:

b) she is in actual physical possession of the eyes

3097:) to indicate inalienable possession for body parts. 1873:

is not deleted because both referents are different:

599: 8221:"Alienable vs. inalienable possessive constructions" 8130: 8108: 7947:. Honolulu: University Press of Hawaii. p. 139. 7871:. Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology 7814: 7439: 7437: 7435: 7433: 7100: 5064:'John will wash his face/mother, and Mari will, too' 1173:

French: inalienable kin noun = postnominal possessor

730:

The examples below illustrate that the same phrase,

592:

Statistically, 15–20% of the world's languages have

7996: 7730: 7467: 7465: 7309: 6687:

Derived nouns (Nouns that derived from other words)

4936:'Every single professor washed his/her face/father' 4085: 8403:. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter & Co. p. 579. 8228:Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology 8173: 8087: 7597: 5476: 1004:Morphosyntactic strategies for marking distinction 8472:. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 197. 8160: 8158: 7430: 4933:every single professor washed face.DEF/father.DEF 9322: 9114:Segmented discourse representation theory (SDRT) 8450:Mandarin Chinese: A Functional Reference Grammar 8275: 8139:An introduction to syntactic analysis and theory 7543:. USA: Oxford University Press. pp. 85–86. 7462: 7443: 4530:. That is equivalent to an underlying structure 4504:The possessed DP cannot be an external argument. 3790: 2530:) indicates inalienable possession as in (13b). 8441: 8230:. Leipzig Spring School on Linguistic Diversity 7658:The Journal of Comparative Germanic Linguistics 6726: 5252:she knew not that John had talked to father.DEF 4113:(The c-command must occur in the underlying or 3890:Inalienable possession can also be marked with 3578: 3182:) for inalienable body parts but a possessive ( 1517: 8155: 8126:. Blackwell Publishing, Ltd. pp. 595–596. 7943:Elbert, Samuel H.; Pukui, Mary Kawena (1979). 7799:. Utrecht, Netherlands: LOT. pp. 546–547. 7261: 3671: 2170: 1490: 1427: 1339: 1247:French: alienable noun = postnominal possessor 8633: 8551:Hafford, James (2015). "Possessor Suffixes". 8214: 8212: 8210: 8179: 8094:. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, Inc. 7869:The World Atlas of Language Structures Online 7603: 7397:The World Atlas of Language Structures Online 7390: 4069:(Vergnaud and Zubizarreta 1992: 596 (4b, 6b)) 754:Italian - inalienable possession relationship 487: 8571:Hafford, James (2015). "Direct possession". 8081: 8079: 8077: 8075: 8014: 8012: 7693: 7444:Chappell, Hilary; McGregor, William (1996). 5944: 5464: 4117:of the inalienable possession constructions. 4036: 3697:Possessive markers on inalienable nouns are 3341: 651:possessed noun originates from the possessor 8300: 8281: 7958: 7956: 7954: 7942: 7649: 4856:'Every single professor visited the museum' 4772: 4140:. Thus, the possessor DP originates in the 3614:In example (1a), the pronominal possessor ( 2960:'Pua's lei ' (Elbert & Pukui 1979: 139) 1867:. In the following examples, the possessor 1556:), is dropped, as in the grammatical (5b). 734:, is regarded as inalienable possession in 8640: 8626: 8447: 8207: 7848:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 7490: 7412:"Feature/Obligatory Possessive Inflection" 5246:Hun visste ikke at John hadde snakket med 4460:Possessor-raising hypothesis (Landau 1999) 4098:The possessor must be in the same minimal 867:French - alienable possession relationship 494: 480: 8470:Linguistic Universals and Language Change 8418:(2nd ed.). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. 8413: 8354: 8352: 8350: 8348: 8284:Linguistic Symposium on Romance Languages 8090:The Major Syntactic Structures of English 8072: 8018: 8009: 7910: 7721: 7711: 7532: 7530: 7528: 7526: 7514: 7359: 7357: 7355: 7353: 7226:), which suggests the latter to be older. 6229: 4853:every single professor visited museum.DEF 4452:'Jean washes/scratches/tickles the hand.' 4349:(body part DP) constitute two links of a 4032: 2434: 2346: 2321:), which requires the possessor morpheme 2178: 2111: 1538:and the possessor of an inalienable noun 1432: 1390: 979:(Cinque & Krapova 2008: 68 (ia, ib))) 708: 8248: 8180:Herslund, Michael; Baron, Irène (2001). 8052: 8050: 7962: 7951: 7883: 7810: 7808: 7806: 7689: 7687: 7570: 7267: 5265: 5082: 4785: 4716: 4513: 4501:Possession interpretation is obligatory. 4463: 4443:{Jean lave/gratte/chatouille} {la main.} 4357:theta-role, and the BP DP is assigned a 4120: 3878: 3867: 3738: 3726: 3642: 1334: 1071: 1056: 8570: 8550: 8535: 8521:Hafford, James (2015). "Introduction". 8520: 8463: 8461: 8459: 8398: 8164: 7838:. University of Leiden. pp. 93–97. 7794: 7788: 7503:Bergen Language and Linguistics Studies 7403: 4632: 3949: 2174: 14: 9323: 8588: 8448:Li, Charles; Thompson, Sandra (1989). 8407: 8358: 8345: 8306: 8218: 8167:Linguistic Diversity in Space and Time 8056: 7936: 7757: 7655: 7523: 7496: 7350: 7305: 7303: 7301: 7299: 7297: 4095:There must be an obligatory possessor. 3863: 2301:is necessary for the inalienable noun 2279: 9069:Discourse representation theory (DRT) 8621: 8584: 8582: 8566: 8564: 8562: 8536:Hafford, James (2015). "Possession". 8481: 8479: 8047: 7992: 7990: 7988: 7986: 7890:Nichols, Johanna; Bickel, Balthasar. 7856: 7803: 7684: 7640: 7634: 7536: 7476:. John Benjamins Publishing Company. 7410:Nichols, Johanna; Bickel, Balthasar. 7364:Nichols, Johanna; Bickel, Balthasar. 4446:{Jean wash/scratch/tickle} {the hand} 3784:Requires fewer morphological features 3691:features than inalienable possession. 2245: 1083:and occurs before the possessed noun 972:'The table, someone has sawn off all 851:'The table, someone has sawn off all 553:), and part-whole relations (such as 8467: 8456: 8259:10.1093/acref/9780199202720.001.0001 7581:10.1093/acref/9780199202720.001.0001 7278:10.1093/acref/9780199202720.001.0001 6395:a group (sport's team, association) 5158:'She said that John washed his hair' 4066:'The doctor examined their throats.' 3985:'The doctor examined their throats.' 3833:Theories of representation in syntax 3723:Restricted to attributive possession 3410:. The second interpretation is that 2968: 2274: 2000:In the ungrammatical (8a), the verb 384:Conservative and innovative language 9351:Formal semantics (natural language) 8982:Quantificational variability effect 8649:Formal semantics (natural language) 8428: 8422: 7833: 7294: 7213:, the alienable possessive marker ( 6254:Proto-Polynesian Possessive Marking 5949: 4648: 3683:Alienable possession requires more 3388:a) her eyes resemble her father's 1854: 911: 790: 24: 8612:World Atlas of Language Structures 8579: 8559: 8476: 8121: 8059:"Possessives and relational nouns" 7983: 7897:World Atlas of Language Structures 7892:"Obligatory Possessive Inflection" 7417:World Atlas of Language Structures 7371:World Atlas of Language Structures 6740:Unknown glossing abbreviation(s) ( 6224: 6110: 5826:Economic motivation (Nichols 1988) 5155:she said that John washed hair.DEF 4584:such as locality of selection and 3957: 2143:, marking inalienable possession. 1542:to the same entity. In (5a), both 600:Comparison to alienable possession 25: 9362: 8601: 7862: 7817:Journal of West African Languages 7795:Martins, Silvana Andrade (2004). 7764:The Blackwell Companion to Syntax 6274:Kinship (father, mother, brother) 3220: 2665:However, the distinction between 1699:A similar process occurs in some 7540:Cognitive Foundations of Grammar 7103: 6489:Possessive Pronouns of Old Rapa 5442: 5378: 5317: 5240: 5143: 5004: 4989: 4917: 4913: 4841: 4752: 4669:constraint on syntactic movement 4567:Gilles him.DAT washed {the face} 4086:Binding hypothesis (Guéron 1983) 3953: 2494:(Nichols & Nyholm 1995: 189) 2413:(Nichols & Nyholm 1995: 138) 2107:(Hyman et al. 1970: 87 (44, 45)) 1996:(Hyman et al. 1970: 87 (27, 28)) 1695:(Hyman et al. 1970: 87 (11, 12)) 464: 8544: 8529: 8514: 8501: 8488: 8336: 8327: 8242: 7827: 7564: 7200: 7183: 7173: 5477:Iconic motivation (Haiman 1983) 4790:Illustration of (29b) in which 4564:Gilles lui {a lavé} {la figure} 4270: 4245: 4126:Inalienable possession binding: 3821:but alienable possession to be 2498: 9346:Grammatical construction types 9064:Combinatory categorial grammar 7700:Linguistics in the Netherlands 7384: 7240: 6607:is a small language spoken in 6243:is the indigenous language of 5394:He talked to father/father.DEF 4847:Hver eneste professor beskøte 4638:* Gil ra'a le-Rina et ha-panim 3711:, but alienable nouns form an 3073:also uses a definite article ( 2661:(Elbert & Pukui 1979: 139) 667:attribute of a known possessor 605:under inalienable possession: 13: 1: 8842:Antecedent-contained deletion 8573:Wuvulu Grammar and Vocabulary 8553:Wuvulu Grammar and Vocabulary 8538:Wuvulu Grammar and Vocabulary 8523:Wuvulu Grammar and Vocabulary 8321:10.1016/S0024-3841(98)00025-4 7616:Working Papers in Linguistics 7233: 6268:Inalienable (leg, hand, foot) 5821:(Li & Thompson 1981: 169) 4923:Hver eneste professor vasket 4641:{} Gil saw {to Rina} the face 3575:) are of the alienable type. 2699: 1849: 585:has at least 20 classes, and 8498:. John Benjamins Publishing. 8416:Universals of Human Language 8068:. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton. 7977:10.1016/j.lingua.2009.05.003 7865:"Order of Genitive and Noun" 6749: 4483:. The possessor DP gets its 4074:its meaning and acts like a 3982:} examined SG.DEF.DET throat 3579:Interaction with coreference 3528:In the inalienable reading, 3416:The children raised the hand 3381:has two different meanings: 3188:) for alienable possession. 1518:Identical possessor deletion 738:but alienable possession in 324:Functional discourse grammar 190:Ethnography of communication 7: 8591:Studies in Tokelauan syntax 8253:. Oxford University Press. 7929:Nichols, J. D.; Nyholm, E. 7694:Krasnoukhova, Olga (2011). 7575:. Oxford University Press. 7393:"Possessive Classification" 7366:"Possessive Classification" 7272:. Oxford University Press. 7096: 5936:That could be explained by 4455:(Guéron 2007: 598 (40, 42)) 4418:Jean lave/gratte/chatouille 4285:(Nakamoto 2010: 80 (30a,b)) 4279:Jean want (Jean) {to leave} 3672:Cross-linguistic properties 3651:) of the inalienable noun ( 3540:is part of the determiner. 1340:No overt possessive markers 1050:occurs after the possessee 537:by its possessor. Nouns or 444:Second-language acquisition 10: 9367: 8723:Syntax–semantics interface 8414:Greenberg, Joseph (1966). 7607:; Krapova, Iliana (2008). 7193:, but linguists often use 5839:Johann Wolfgang von Goethe 5592:POSSESSOR + de + POSSESSEE 5569:(Haiman 1983: 793 (30a,b)) 3719:(Heine 1997: 85-86 (1-6)) 3647:The pronominal possessor ( 2847: 2712: 2335:inalienable body part noun 1534:in a sentence if both its 1351:uses a special possessive 1042:) or after its possessee ( 630:trading partner, neighbor 122:Syntax–semantics interface 29: 9257: 9215:Question under discussion 9165:Conversational scoreboard 9142: 9046: 9039: 8942:Intersective modification 8927:Homogeneity (linguistics) 8834: 8743: 8736: 8655: 8165:Nichols, Johanna (1992). 7797:Fonologia e gramática Dâw 7670:10.1007/s10828-014-9065-7 7009: 6834: 6814: 6782: 6776: 6763: 6599: 6574: 6551: 6517: 6514: 6508: 6503: 6500: 6497: 5945:Glossary of abbreviations 5465:Form function motivations 5397:'He talked to his father' 5329:{} I talked to father.DEF 4705:that is spoken mainly in 4576:(Guéron 2007: 611 (100b)) 4311:. In the French sentence 3707:Inalienable nouns form a 3484:The children have raised 3342:No distinction in grammar 3176:uses a definite article ( 434:Philosophy of linguistics 334:Interactional linguistics 9275:Distributional semantics 8468:Good, Jeff, ed. (2008). 8249:Matthews, P. H. (2007). 8183:Dimensions of Possession 7571:Matthews, P. H. (2007). 7268:Matthews, P. H. (2007). 7248:"Haspelmath Possessives" 7208:Native American language 7166: 7120:Possession (linguistics) 7010:NON-SPECIFIC/INDEFINITE 6283:Necessary actions (work) 5489:That is demonstrated in 5471:linguistically-universal 4657:(Guéron 2007: 613 (109)) 4573:'Gilles washed his face' 4421:Jean wash/scratch/tickle 3406:belongs to the subject, 3045:(Nakamoto 2010: 75 (2a)) 2776:'the subject the chief' 2008:) follows the possessor 962:a scié toutes les pattes 841:ha segato tutte le gambe 9270:Computational semantics 9007:Subsective modification 8811:Propositional attitudes 7916:Valentine, J. Randolph 7834:Dol, Philomena (1999). 7516:10.15845/bells.v3i1.369 7497:Thunes, Martha (2013). 6878:toku, taku, tota, tata 6234: 5679:(Hsu 2009: 101 (22a,b)) 5552: 5521: 5513: 5332:'I talked to my father' 5058:, og det skal Mari også 4406:'Jean raises his hand.' 4209:'Jean raises his hand.' 4052:Le médecin {a examiné} 3825:. In head-marking, the 3659:) that is in its domain 2137:precedes the possessee 1346:South American language 1161:(Guéron 2007: 590 (la)) 659:mental state or process 643:part-whole relationship 32:Inalienable possessions 9331:Grammatical categories 9300:Philosophy of language 8937:Inalienable possession 8917:Free choice inferences 8912:Faultless disagreement 8683:Generalized quantifier 8589:Hooper, Robin (1994). 8057:Barker, Chris (2011). 7270:Inalienable possession 7195:inalienable possession 6230:Austronesian languages 5804: 5796: 5788: 5780: 5772: 5739: 5727: 5719: 5711: 5703: 5662: 5654: 5616: 5604: 5596: 5435: 5427: 5419: 5411: 5367: 5359: 5351: 5343: 5310: 5302: 5294: 5286: 5278: 5271: 5233: 5225: 5217: 5209: 5201: 5193: 5185: 5177: 5169: 5149:Hun sa at John vasket 5136: 5128: 5120: 5112: 5104: 5096: 5089: 5042: 5034: 5026: 5018: 5010: 4995: 4982: 4974: 4966: 4958: 4902: 4894: 4886: 4878: 4870: 4834: 4826: 4818: 4810: 4802: 4795: 4745: 4737: 4729: 4722: 4673:specificity constraint 4622: 4608: 4553: 4519: 4472: 4430: 4417: 4392: 4384: 4376: 4368: 4257: 4244: 4236: 4225: 4187: 4176: 4168: 4157: 4153:Inalienable possession 4129: 4044: 4025: 4017: 4009: 4001: 3963: 3945: 3937: 3925: 3917: 3909: 3887: 3876: 3774:Predicative possession 3770:Attributive possession 3748: 3736: 3660: 3238: 3226: 3216: 3208: 3200: 3140: 3128: 3120: 3112: 3104: 3016: 3004: 2996: 2988: 2604:inalienable possession 2211:follows the possessee 2124:vary the order of the 2112:Genitive-noun ordering 2090: 2082: 2074: 2049: 2041: 2033: 2025: 1961: 1953: 1945: 1937: 1904: 1896: 1888: 1880: 1088: 1069: 965:{} the table, someone 958:* La table, quelqu'un 709:Variation by languages 535:obligatorily possessed 512:inalienable possession 271:Theoretical frameworks 225:Philosophy of language 205:History of linguistics 18:Alienability (grammar) 9341:Genitive construction 9195:Plural quantification 9089:Inquisitive semantics 9054:Alternative semantics 8494:Vökel, Svenja. 2010. 8401:In Honor of Mary Haas 8033:10.1075/sl.33.1.03koc 7772:10.1002/9780470996591 7641:Heine, Bernd (1997). 7537:Heine, Bernd (1997). 7328:10.1515/cogl.2011.025 7316:Cognitive Linguistics 7191:obligatory possession 7125:Obligatory possession 6735:true the talk-DER-2SG 6280:Vehicles (canoe, car) 5650:POSSESSOR + POSSESSEE 5269: 5086: 4789: 4775:'She raised the chin' 4720: 4654:'Gil saw Rina's face' 4517: 4471:from SpecDP to SpecVP 4467: 4282:'Jean wants to leave' 4124: 4109:the possessee or its 3975:{a examiné} la gorge. 3882: 3871: 3742: 3730: 3646: 3477:Les enfants ont levé 2131:In (9), the genitive 1528:West African language 1335:Morphological markers 1075: 1066:postnominal possessor 1060: 1010:morphological markers 969:has sawn all the legs 848:has sawn all the legs 844:to.the table someone 622:father, mother, aunt 594:obligatory possession 165:Conversation analysis 9180:Function application 8987:Responsive predicate 8977:Privative adjectives 8219:Haspelmath, Martin. 8122:Guéron, Jacqueline. 7713:10.1075/avt.28.08kra 7206:For example, in the 6738:Your words are true. 6732:faʔua, ʔei ware-a-mu 6437:body and body parts 6403:trip, coming/goings 6162:prepositional phrase 5812:* wǒ xǐhuān nǐ tóufà 5457:'My back is itching' 4059:the doctor examined 3997:Internal possession: 3905:External possession: 3599:horse b. Lucy 3337:(Kockelman 2009: 30) 3267:(Kockelman 2009: 29) 3169:(Kockelman 2009: 30) 2685:) is used for other 2538:alienable possession 2422:inalienable kin noun 2018:with the possessor: 1081:prenominal possessor 837:Al tavolo, qualcuno 705:) can be difficult. 611:Type of relationship 409:Internet linguistics 319:Construction grammar 27:Grammatical category 9265:Cognitive semantics 9230:Strawson entailment 9175:Existential closure 9119:Situation semantics 9022:Temperature paradox 8992:Rising declaratives 8957:Modal subordination 8932:Hurford disjunction 8892:Discourse relations 8021:Studies in Language 7760:van Riemsdijk, Henk 7088:ni oulua, ni aulua 7077:ni a ma, ni a maua 7062:ni a ta, ni a taua 7000:to latou, ta latau 6978:to matou, ta matou 6967:to tatou, ta tatou 6881:oku, aku, ota, ata 6867:Singular reference 6680:his/her/its father 6490: 6302: 5400:(Lødrup 2014:49-50) 4794:is a silent pronoun 4764:She raised chin.DEF 4403:Jean raise the hand 4345:(possessor DP) and 4206:Jean raise the hand 4105:The possessor must 3892:external possession 3884:Internal possession 3873:External possession 3864:External possession 3858:internal possession 3549:the book's contents 3542:Charles J. Fillmore 3399:semantic dependency 3397:Another example in 2327:to be grammatical. 2290:Algonquian language 2280:Explicit possessors 2104:'I have a headache' 2063:'I have a headache' 1530:, the possessor is 1513:(Martins 2004: 547) 1464:(Martins 2004: 546) 627:social relationship 344:Systemic functional 139:Applied linguistics 81:General linguistics 9310:Semantics of logic 9235:Strict conditional 9205:Quantifier raising 9170:Downward entailing 9150:Autonomy of syntax 9079:Generative grammar 9059:Categorial grammar 8997:Scalar implicature 8902:Epistemic modality 8877:De dicto and de re 8575:– via 61-63. 8507:Walworth, Mary E. 7999:Linguistic Inquiry 7863:Dryer, Matthew S. 7155:English possessive 7111:Linguistics portal 7075:ni o ma, ni o maua 7060:ni o ta, ni o taue 6488: 6293: 5818:'I like your hair' 5815:{} I like you hair 5761:'I like your hair' 5454:I itch on back.DEF 5323:* Jeg snakket med 5272: 5090: 4796: 4778:(Thunes 2013: 168) 4723: 4679:. In (23), the DP 4582:syntactic movement 4520: 4473: 4221:Obligatory control 4138:obligatory control 4130: 4115:surface structures 3888: 3877: 3772:(22) a. Ron's dog 3749: 3737: 3661: 3370:would be awkward. 3155:he himself washes 2981:, for body parts. 2977:, rather than the 2151:Inalienable: Gen-N 2101:Head split {to me} 1834:Washed he.is hands 1089: 1070: 1027:There is a strong 997:morphophonological 725:grammatical gender 449:Theory of language 419:Origin of language 374:Autonomy of syntax 329:Grammaticalization 175:Discourse analysis 170:Corpus linguistics 9318: 9317: 9290:Logic translation 9253: 9252: 9245:Universal grinder 9225:Squiggle operator 9185:Meaning postulate 9124:Supervaluationism 9094:Intensional logic 9074:Dynamic semantics 9035: 9034: 8867:Crossover effects 8816:Tense–aspect–mood 8796:Lexical semantics 8148:978-1-4051-0017-5 8101:978-0-03-088042-1 7605:Cinque, Guglielmo 7483:978-90-272-0568-1 7135:Determiner phrase 7092: 7091: 7003:o latou, a latou 6981:o matou, a matou 6970:o tatou, a tatou 6870:Plural reference 6854: 6853: 6684: 6683: 6650: 6649: 6646:his/her/its head 6597: 6596: 6478: 6477: 6217: 6216: 6132:determiner phrase 6108: 6107: 5930: 5929: 4469:Possessor-raising 4400:Jean lève la main 4315:, the determiner 4313:Il lève les mains 4297:Romance languages 4134:anaphoric binding 4102:of the possessee. 4076:semantic argument 3781: 3780: 3634: 3633: 3612: 3611: 3553:the book's jacket 3526: 3525: 3395: 3394: 3065: 3064: 2969:Definite articles 2966: 2965: 2491:'(a) grandmother' 2275:Possessor marking 2194:3SG.F.POSS-mother 2118:Maybrat languages 1036:determiner phrase 674: 673: 504: 503: 292:Distributionalism 235:Psycholinguistics 16:(Redirected from 9358: 9295:Linguistics wars 9220:Semantic parsing 9109:Montague grammar 9044: 9043: 8887:Deontic modality 8741: 8740: 8728:Truth conditions 8663:Compositionality 8656:Central concepts 8642: 8635: 8628: 8619: 8618: 8595: 8594: 8586: 8577: 8576: 8568: 8557: 8556: 8548: 8542: 8541: 8533: 8527: 8526: 8518: 8512: 8505: 8499: 8492: 8486: 8483: 8474: 8473: 8465: 8454: 8453: 8445: 8439: 8438: 8426: 8420: 8419: 8411: 8405: 8404: 8396: 8385: 8384: 8356: 8343: 8340: 8334: 8331: 8325: 8324: 8304: 8298: 8297: 8279: 8273: 8272: 8246: 8240: 8239: 8237: 8235: 8225: 8216: 8205: 8204: 8202: 8200: 8177: 8171: 8170: 8162: 8153: 8152: 8134: 8128: 8127: 8119: 8106: 8105: 8093: 8083: 8070: 8069: 8063: 8054: 8045: 8044: 8016: 8007: 8006: 7994: 7981: 7980: 7960: 7949: 7948: 7945:Hawaiian Grammar 7940: 7934: 7927: 7921: 7914: 7908: 7907: 7905: 7904: 7887: 7881: 7880: 7878: 7876: 7860: 7854: 7853: 7847: 7839: 7831: 7825: 7824: 7812: 7801: 7800: 7792: 7786: 7785: 7755: 7728: 7727: 7725: 7715: 7691: 7682: 7681: 7653: 7647: 7646: 7638: 7632: 7631: 7629: 7627: 7613: 7601: 7595: 7594: 7568: 7562: 7561: 7559: 7557: 7534: 7521: 7520: 7518: 7494: 7488: 7487: 7469: 7460: 7459: 7441: 7428: 7427: 7425: 7424: 7407: 7401: 7400: 7388: 7382: 7381: 7379: 7378: 7361: 7348: 7347: 7307: 7292: 7291: 7265: 7259: 7258: 7252: 7244: 7227: 7204: 7198: 7187: 7181: 7177: 7150:Possessive affix 7113: 7108: 7107: 6861: 6860: 6761: 6760: 6745: 6728: 6724: 6660: 6659: 6626: 6625: 6491: 6487: 6423:happiness/smile 6303: 6292: 6249:French Polynesia 6115: 6114: 5954: 5953: 5950:Morpheme glosses 5844: 5843: 5768: 5645: 5575:Mandarin Chinese 5542: 5483:Joseph Greenberg 5460:(Lødrup 2014:49) 5444: 5384:Han snakket med 5380: 5339: 5319: 5258:(Lødrup 2014:47) 5242: 5165: 5145: 5075:(Lødrup 2014:46) 5050:John skal vaske 5006: 4991: 4954: 4947:(Lødrup 2014:45) 4919: 4915: 4866: 4859:(Lødrup 2014:45) 4843: 4774: 4754: 4650: 4634: 4544:a lavé la figure 4439: 4426: 4413: 4272: 4247: 4216: 4038: 4034: 3992: 3959: 3955: 3951: 3823:dependent-marked 3765: 3764: 3625: 3624: 3587: 3586: 3517: 3516: 3384: 3383: 3362:is normal, but * 3222: 3056: 3055: 2975:definite article 2700: 2599: 2465: 2436: 2384: 2348: 2247: 2225:Alienable: N-Gen 2180: 2176: 2172: 2070: 2060:{} Head my split 1933: 1855:Possessor switch 1803: 1701:Slavic languages 1650: 1492: 1434: 1429: 1416: 1392: 1319: 1242: 1235:'John's brother' 1168: 1022:split possession 1018:possession split 913: 862: 792: 732:the table's legs 608: 607: 579:Papua New Guinea 523: 522: 496: 489: 482: 468: 414:LGBT linguistics 404:Internationalism 379:Compositionality 240:Sociolinguistics 215:Neurolinguistics 210:Interlinguistics 195:Ethnomethodology 37: 36: 21: 9366: 9365: 9361: 9360: 9359: 9357: 9356: 9355: 9321: 9320: 9319: 9314: 9249: 9138: 9099:Lambda calculus 9031: 9002:Sloppy identity 8962:Opaque contexts 8897:Donkey anaphora 8862:Counterfactuals 8830: 8732: 8651: 8646: 8604: 8599: 8598: 8587: 8580: 8569: 8560: 8549: 8545: 8534: 8530: 8519: 8515: 8506: 8502: 8493: 8489: 8484: 8477: 8466: 8457: 8446: 8442: 8427: 8423: 8412: 8408: 8397: 8388: 8357: 8346: 8341: 8337: 8332: 8328: 8305: 8301: 8294: 8280: 8276: 8269: 8247: 8243: 8233: 8231: 8223: 8217: 8208: 8198: 8196: 8194: 8178: 8174: 8163: 8156: 8149: 8135: 8131: 8120: 8109: 8102: 8084: 8073: 8061: 8055: 8048: 8017: 8010: 7995: 7984: 7961: 7952: 7941: 7937: 7928: 7924: 7915: 7911: 7902: 7900: 7888: 7884: 7874: 7872: 7861: 7857: 7841: 7840: 7832: 7828: 7813: 7804: 7793: 7789: 7782: 7756: 7731: 7692: 7685: 7654: 7650: 7639: 7635: 7625: 7623: 7611: 7602: 7598: 7591: 7569: 7565: 7555: 7553: 7551: 7535: 7524: 7495: 7491: 7484: 7470: 7463: 7456: 7442: 7431: 7422: 7420: 7408: 7404: 7389: 7385: 7376: 7374: 7362: 7351: 7308: 7295: 7288: 7266: 7262: 7250: 7246: 7245: 7241: 7236: 7231: 7230: 7205: 7201: 7188: 7184: 7178: 7174: 7169: 7164: 7109: 7102: 7099: 7085:houlua, haulua 7076: 7072:ha ma, ha maua 7071: 7061: 7057:ha ta, ha taua 7056: 7047:ni ona, ni ana 7024: 7019: 6989:toutou, tautau 6975:1 plural excl. 6964:1 plural incl. 6958: 6954:ta la, ta laue 6953: 6941:toulua, taulua 6932: 6928:ta ma, ta maua 6927: 6917: 6913:ta ta, ta taue 6912: 6849: 6844: 6839: 6829: 6824: 6819: 6809: 6805:a maua, a ma a 6804: 6794: 6789: 6784: 6752: 6747: 6739: 6730: 6715: 6707: 6605:Wuvulu language 6602: 6368:country/island 6247:, an island of 6237: 6232: 6227: 6225:Other languages 6222: 6113: 6111:Syntactic trees 6098: 6084: 6034:nominative case 5981:accusative case 5952: 5947: 5925: 5923: 5918: 5916: 5908: 5903: 5890: 5888: 5883: 5881: 5873: 5868: 5828: 5823: 5810: 5802: 5794: 5786: 5778: 5770: 5766: 5763: 5745: 5737: 5725: 5717: 5709: 5701: 5681: 5668: 5660: 5652: 5647: 5643: 5640: 5622: 5614: 5602: 5594: 5589: 5571: 5558: 5550: 5544: 5540: 5537: 5527: 5519: 5511: 5506: 5495:Papuan language 5479: 5467: 5462: 5446: 5433: 5425: 5417: 5409: 5402: 5382: 5365: 5357: 5349: 5341: 5337: 5334: 5321: 5308: 5300: 5292: 5284: 5276: 5260: 5244: 5231: 5223: 5215: 5207: 5199: 5191: 5183: 5175: 5167: 5163: 5160: 5147: 5134: 5126: 5118: 5110: 5102: 5094: 5077: 5069: 5065: 5048: 5040: 5032: 5024: 5016: 5008: 4993: 4980: 4972: 4964: 4956: 4952: 4949: 4941: 4937: 4921: 4900: 4892: 4884: 4876: 4868: 4864: 4861: 4845: 4832: 4824: 4816: 4808: 4800: 4780: 4756: 4743: 4735: 4727: 4693: 4659: 4636: 4620: 4606: 4601: 4590:transitive verb 4578: 4562: 4551: 4462: 4457: 4441: 4437: 4428: 4424: 4415: 4411: 4408: 4398: 4390: 4382: 4374: 4366: 4287: 4275: 4268: 4263: 4255: 4250: 4242: 4234: 4229: 4223: 4218: 4214: 4211: 4202: 4198: 4193: 4185: 4180: 4174: 4166: 4161: 4155: 4150: 4088: 4071: 4050: 4042: 4023: 4015: 4007: 3999: 3994: 3990: 3987: 3969: 3961: 3943: 3935: 3923: 3915: 3907: 3902: 3866: 3835: 3815:Johanna Nichols 3811: 3786: 3777: 3725: 3674: 3630: 3618:) can refer to 3608: 3606: 3602: 3598: 3594: 3581: 3538:John has an arm 3522: 3495:Syntactically, 3493: 3475: 3467: 3455: 3447: 3439: 3431: 3423: 3391: 3389: 3352:Mary's squirrel 3344: 3339: 3314: 3306: 3294: 3286: 3278: 3273: 3269: 3260:'He is washing 3253:he washes REFL 3246:Er wäscht sich 3244: 3236: 3224: 3214: 3206: 3198: 3193: 3171: 3146: 3138: 3126: 3118: 3110: 3102: 3061: 3047: 3022: 3014: 3002: 2994: 2986: 2971: 2962: 2944: 2936: 2924: 2916: 2905: 2887: 2879: 2867: 2859: 2843: 2825: 2817: 2809: 2797: 2789: 2778: 2760: 2752: 2744: 2732: 2724: 2663: 2642: 2634: 2622: 2614: 2606: 2601: 2597: 2594: 2576: 2568: 2556: 2548: 2540: 2535: 2506:uses different 2501: 2496: 2483: 2475: 2467: 2463: 2460: 2440: 2424: 2419: 2415: 2402: 2394: 2386: 2382: 2379: 2359: 2351: 2337: 2332: 2282: 2277: 2272: 2267:‘Petrus' house' 2251: 2235: 2227: 2222: 2203: 2198:'Sely's mother' 2184: 2161: 2153: 2148: 2114: 2109: 2096: 2088: 2080: 2072: 2068: 2065: 2055: 2047: 2039: 2031: 2023: 1998: 1992: 1988: 1971: 1959: 1951: 1943: 1935: 1931: 1928: 1925: 1921: 1910: 1902: 1894: 1886: 1878: 1857: 1852: 1847: 1844: 1840: 1829: 1821: 1813: 1805: 1801: 1798: 1795: 1791: 1782: 1776: 1764: 1756: 1752: 1740: 1737: 1728: 1720: 1712: 1697: 1691: 1687: 1681:He washed hands 1676: 1668: 1660: 1652: 1648: 1645: 1642: 1638: 1629: 1623: 1612: 1608: 1596: 1588: 1580: 1578: 1569: 1561: 1520: 1515: 1502: 1494: 1484: 1479: 1466: 1445: 1437: 1418: 1414: 1411: 1395: 1379: 1371: 1366: 1342: 1337: 1317: 1311: 1289: 1277: 1265: 1257: 1249: 1244: 1240: 1237: 1215: 1203: 1191: 1183: 1175: 1170: 1166: 1163: 1138: 1126: 1114: 1106: 1098: 1093: 1006: 993:morphosyntactic 988:language change 981: 956: 948: 940: 932: 924: 916: 901: 893: 885: 877: 869: 864: 860: 857: 835: 827: 819: 811: 803: 795: 780: 772: 764: 756: 751: 711: 646:tabletop, side 602: 581:, for example, 539:nominal affixes 525:) is a type of 520: 519: 500: 459: 458: 369: 361: 360: 272: 264: 263: 259:Writing systems 150:Anthropological 140: 132: 131: 82: 74: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 9364: 9354: 9353: 9348: 9343: 9338: 9333: 9316: 9315: 9313: 9312: 9307: 9302: 9297: 9292: 9287: 9285:Inferentialism 9282: 9280:Formal grammar 9277: 9272: 9267: 9261: 9259: 9255: 9254: 9251: 9250: 9248: 9247: 9242: 9237: 9232: 9227: 9222: 9217: 9212: 9207: 9202: 9200:Possible world 9197: 9192: 9187: 9182: 9177: 9172: 9167: 9162: 9157: 9152: 9146: 9144: 9140: 9139: 9137: 9136: 9131: 9126: 9121: 9116: 9111: 9106: 9101: 9096: 9091: 9086: 9084:Glue semantics 9081: 9076: 9071: 9066: 9061: 9056: 9050: 9048: 9047:Formal systems 9041: 9037: 9036: 9033: 9032: 9030: 9029: 9024: 9019: 9014: 9009: 9004: 8999: 8994: 8989: 8984: 8979: 8974: 8972:Polarity items 8969: 8964: 8959: 8954: 8949: 8944: 8939: 8934: 8929: 8924: 8919: 8914: 8909: 8904: 8899: 8894: 8889: 8884: 8879: 8874: 8869: 8864: 8859: 8857:Conservativity 8854: 8849: 8844: 8838: 8836: 8832: 8831: 8829: 8828: 8823: 8821:Quantification 8818: 8813: 8808: 8803: 8798: 8793: 8788: 8783: 8778: 8773: 8768: 8763: 8758: 8753: 8747: 8745: 8738: 8734: 8733: 8731: 8730: 8725: 8720: 8715: 8710: 8705: 8700: 8698:Presupposition 8695: 8690: 8685: 8680: 8675: 8670: 8665: 8659: 8657: 8653: 8652: 8645: 8644: 8637: 8630: 8622: 8616: 8615: 8603: 8602:External links 8600: 8597: 8596: 8578: 8558: 8543: 8528: 8513: 8500: 8487: 8475: 8455: 8440: 8421: 8406: 8386: 8373:10.2307/413373 8367:(4): 781–819. 8344: 8335: 8326: 8299: 8292: 8274: 8267: 8241: 8206: 8193:978-9027229519 8192: 8172: 8154: 8147: 8129: 8107: 8100: 8071: 8046: 8008: 7982: 7950: 7935: 7922: 7909: 7882: 7855: 7826: 7802: 7787: 7780: 7729: 7683: 7648: 7633: 7596: 7589: 7563: 7549: 7522: 7509:(1): 167–178. 7489: 7482: 7461: 7454: 7429: 7402: 7383: 7349: 7322:(4): 659–689. 7293: 7286: 7260: 7255:www.eva.mpg.de 7238: 7237: 7235: 7232: 7229: 7228: 7199: 7182: 7171: 7170: 7168: 7165: 7163: 7162: 7157: 7152: 7147: 7142: 7137: 7132: 7127: 7122: 7116: 7115: 7114: 7098: 7095: 7090: 7089: 7086: 7083: 7079: 7078: 7073: 7070:ho ma, ho maua 7068: 7064: 7063: 7058: 7055:ho ta, ho taua 7053: 7049: 7048: 7045: 7042: 7038: 7037: 7034: 7031: 7027: 7026: 7023:ni oku, ni ota 7021: 7016: 7012: 7011: 7008: 7005: 7004: 7001: 6998: 6994: 6993: 6990: 6987: 6983: 6982: 6979: 6976: 6972: 6971: 6968: 6965: 6961: 6960: 6955: 6952:to la, to laue 6950: 6946: 6945: 6942: 6939: 6935: 6934: 6929: 6926:to ma, to maua 6924: 6920: 6919: 6914: 6911:to ta, to taua 6909: 6905: 6904: 6901: 6898: 6894: 6893: 6890: 6887: 6883: 6882: 6879: 6876: 6872: 6871: 6868: 6865: 6852: 6851: 6846: 6841: 6836: 6832: 6831: 6826: 6821: 6816: 6812: 6811: 6806: 6803:o maua, o ma o 6801: 6797: 6796: 6791: 6786: 6785:a aku, a kite 6781: 6778: 6774: 6773: 6770: 6767: 6764: 6751: 6748: 6716: 6708: 6700: 6699: 6689: 6688: 6682: 6681: 6678: 6675: 6671: 6670: 6667: 6664: 6655: 6654: 6648: 6647: 6644: 6641: 6637: 6636: 6633: 6630: 6621: 6620: 6601: 6598: 6595: 6594: 6591: 6588: 6585: 6582: 6579: 6576: 6572: 6571: 6568: 6565: 6562: 6559: 6556: 6553: 6549: 6548: 6545: 6542: 6539: 6536: 6532: 6531: 6528: 6525: 6522: 6519: 6516: 6513: 6510: 6506: 6505: 6502: 6499: 6496: 6494: 6476: 6475: 6473: 6469: 6468: 6466: 6462: 6461: 6459: 6455: 6454: 6452: 6448: 6447: 6445: 6441: 6440: 6438: 6434: 6433: 6431: 6427: 6426: 6424: 6420: 6419: 6417: 6413: 6412: 6411:project/plans 6409: 6405: 6404: 6401: 6397: 6396: 6393: 6389: 6388: 6385: 6381: 6380: 6379:grandchildren 6377: 6373: 6372: 6369: 6365: 6364: 6361: 6357: 6356: 6353: 6349: 6348: 6345: 6341: 6340: 6337: 6333: 6332: 6329: 6325: 6324: 6321: 6317: 6316: 6310: 6291: 6290: 6287: 6284: 6281: 6278: 6275: 6272: 6269: 6236: 6233: 6231: 6228: 6226: 6223: 6218: 6215: 6214: 6212:empty category 6209: 6203: 6202: 6197: 6193: 6192: 6187: 6183: 6182: 6179: 6175: 6174: 6169: 6165: 6164: 6159: 6155: 6154: 6149: 6145: 6144: 6139: 6135: 6134: 6129: 6125: 6124: 6119: 6112: 6109: 6106: 6105: 6100: 6096: 6092: 6091: 6086: 6082: 6077: 6076: 6071: 6067: 6066: 6061: 6057: 6056: 6051: 6047: 6046: 6041: 6037: 6036: 6031: 6027: 6026: 6021: 6017: 6016: 6011: 6007: 6006: 5998: 5994: 5993: 5988: 5984: 5983: 5978: 5974: 5973: 5968: 5964: 5963: 5958: 5951: 5948: 5946: 5943: 5928: 5927: 5920: 5913: 5897: 5893: 5892: 5885: 5878: 5862: 5858: 5857: 5854: 5851: 5848: 5827: 5824: 5803: 5795: 5787: 5779: 5771: 5765: 5764: 5738: 5726: 5718: 5710: 5702: 5699: 5698: 5661: 5653: 5648: 5642: 5641: 5615: 5603: 5595: 5590: 5587: 5586: 5551: 5545: 5539: 5538: 5520: 5512: 5507: 5504: 5503: 5478: 5475: 5466: 5463: 5434: 5426: 5418: 5410: 5407: 5406: 5377:father/father. 5366: 5358: 5350: 5342: 5336: 5335: 5309: 5301: 5293: 5285: 5277: 5274: 5273: 5232: 5224: 5216: 5208: 5200: 5192: 5184: 5176: 5168: 5162: 5161: 5135: 5127: 5119: 5111: 5103: 5095: 5092: 5091: 5041: 5033: 5025: 5017: 5009: 4994: 4981: 4973: 4965: 4957: 4951: 4950: 4901: 4893: 4885: 4877: 4869: 4863: 4862: 4833: 4825: 4817: 4809: 4801: 4798: 4797: 4744: 4736: 4728: 4725: 4724: 4700:North Germanic 4692: 4689: 4621: 4607: 4602: 4599: 4598: 4552: 4549: 4548: 4532:Gilles a lavé 4512: 4511: 4508: 4505: 4502: 4499: 4461: 4458: 4429: 4416: 4410: 4409: 4391: 4383: 4375: 4367: 4364: 4363: 4292:theta-features 4273: 4266: 4256: 4248: 4243: 4235: 4227: 4224: 4219: 4213: 4212: 4200: 4196: 4186: 4178: 4175: 4167: 4159: 4156: 4151: 4148: 4147: 4119: 4118: 4103: 4096: 4087: 4084: 4043: 4024: 4016: 4008: 4000: 3995: 3989: 3988: 3962: 3944: 3936: 3924: 3916: 3908: 3903: 3900: 3899: 3865: 3862: 3834: 3831: 3810: 3807: 3785: 3782: 3779: 3778: 3768: 3724: 3721: 3717: 3716: 3705: 3702: 3699:etymologically 3695: 3692: 3681: 3673: 3670: 3632: 3631: 3628: 3610: 3609: 3604: 3600: 3596: 3592: 3590: 3580: 3577: 3524: 3523: 3520: 3505:deep structure 3468: 3456: 3448: 3440: 3432: 3424: 3421: 3420: 3393: 3392: 3387: 3348:Mary's brother 3343: 3340: 3307: 3295: 3287: 3279: 3274: 3271: 3270: 3237: 3225: 3215: 3207: 3199: 3194: 3191: 3190: 3139: 3127: 3119: 3111: 3103: 3100: 3099: 3063: 3062: 3059: 3015: 3003: 2995: 2987: 2984: 2983: 2970: 2967: 2964: 2963: 2937: 2925: 2917: 2909: 2908: 2906: 2880: 2868: 2860: 2852: 2851: 2849: 2845: 2844: 2818: 2810: 2798: 2790: 2782: 2781: 2779: 2753: 2745: 2733: 2725: 2717: 2716: 2714: 2710: 2709: 2706: 2703: 2691:metaphorically 2658:'Pua's bones' 2635: 2623: 2615: 2607: 2602: 2596: 2595: 2592:'Pua's bones' 2569: 2557: 2549: 2541: 2536: 2533: 2532: 2500: 2497: 2488:{} grandmother 2476: 2468: 2462: 2461: 2425: 2420: 2417: 2416: 2395: 2387: 2381: 2380: 2352: 2338: 2333: 2330: 2329: 2281: 2278: 2276: 2273: 2270:(Dol 1999: 97) 2236: 2228: 2223: 2220: 2219: 2201:(Dol 1999: 93) 2162: 2154: 2149: 2146: 2145: 2113: 2110: 2089: 2081: 2073: 2067: 2066: 2048: 2040: 2032: 2024: 2021: 2020: 1990: 1986: 1960: 1952: 1944: 1936: 1930: 1929: 1923: 1919: 1915:{} He saw hand 1903: 1895: 1887: 1879: 1876: 1875: 1856: 1853: 1851: 1848: 1842: 1838: 1822: 1814: 1806: 1800: 1799: 1793: 1789: 1780: 1774: 1757: 1750: 1741: 1735: 1729: 1721: 1713: 1710: 1709: 1689: 1685: 1669: 1661: 1653: 1647: 1646: 1640: 1636: 1627: 1624:washed hands { 1621: 1606: 1597: 1589: 1581: 1576: 1570: 1562: 1559: 1558: 1519: 1516: 1495: 1485: 1480: 1477: 1476: 1438: 1419: 1413: 1412: 1380: 1372: 1367: 1364: 1363: 1341: 1338: 1336: 1333: 1278: 1266: 1258: 1250: 1245: 1239: 1238: 1204: 1192: 1184: 1176: 1171: 1165: 1164: 1127: 1115: 1107: 1099: 1094: 1091: 1090: 1005: 1002: 949: 941: 933: 925: 917: 902: 894: 886: 878: 870: 865: 859: 858: 828: 820: 812: 804: 796: 781: 773: 765: 757: 752: 749: 748: 710: 707: 672: 671: 668: 664: 663: 660: 656: 655: 652: 648: 647: 644: 640: 639: 636: 632: 631: 628: 624: 623: 620: 616: 615: 612: 601: 598: 502: 501: 499: 498: 491: 484: 476: 473: 472: 461: 460: 457: 456: 451: 446: 441: 439:Prescriptivism 436: 431: 426: 421: 416: 411: 406: 401: 396: 391: 386: 381: 376: 370: 367: 366: 363: 362: 359: 358: 353: 352: 351: 346: 341: 336: 331: 326: 321: 316: 306: 305: 304: 299: 294: 289: 284: 273: 270: 269: 266: 265: 262: 261: 256: 247: 242: 237: 232: 227: 222: 217: 212: 207: 202: 197: 192: 187: 182: 177: 172: 167: 162: 157: 152: 147: 141: 138: 137: 134: 133: 130: 129: 124: 119: 114: 109: 104: 99: 94: 89: 83: 80: 79: 76: 75: 73: 72: 67: 62: 56: 53: 52: 46: 45: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 9363: 9352: 9349: 9347: 9344: 9342: 9339: 9337: 9334: 9332: 9329: 9328: 9326: 9311: 9308: 9306: 9303: 9301: 9298: 9296: 9293: 9291: 9288: 9286: 9283: 9281: 9278: 9276: 9273: 9271: 9268: 9266: 9263: 9262: 9260: 9256: 9246: 9243: 9241: 9238: 9236: 9233: 9231: 9228: 9226: 9223: 9221: 9218: 9216: 9213: 9211: 9208: 9206: 9203: 9201: 9198: 9196: 9193: 9191: 9188: 9186: 9183: 9181: 9178: 9176: 9173: 9171: 9168: 9166: 9163: 9161: 9158: 9156: 9153: 9151: 9148: 9147: 9145: 9141: 9135: 9132: 9130: 9127: 9125: 9122: 9120: 9117: 9115: 9112: 9110: 9107: 9105: 9102: 9100: 9097: 9095: 9092: 9090: 9087: 9085: 9082: 9080: 9077: 9075: 9072: 9070: 9067: 9065: 9062: 9060: 9057: 9055: 9052: 9051: 9049: 9045: 9042: 9038: 9028: 9025: 9023: 9020: 9018: 9015: 9013: 9010: 9008: 9005: 9003: 9000: 8998: 8995: 8993: 8990: 8988: 8985: 8983: 8980: 8978: 8975: 8973: 8970: 8968: 8967:Performatives 8965: 8963: 8960: 8958: 8955: 8953: 8950: 8948: 8947:Logophoricity 8945: 8943: 8940: 8938: 8935: 8933: 8930: 8928: 8925: 8923: 8920: 8918: 8915: 8913: 8910: 8908: 8905: 8903: 8900: 8898: 8895: 8893: 8890: 8888: 8885: 8883: 8880: 8878: 8875: 8873: 8870: 8868: 8865: 8863: 8860: 8858: 8855: 8853: 8850: 8848: 8845: 8843: 8840: 8839: 8837: 8833: 8827: 8824: 8822: 8819: 8817: 8814: 8812: 8809: 8807: 8804: 8802: 8799: 8797: 8794: 8792: 8789: 8787: 8784: 8782: 8781:Evidentiality 8779: 8777: 8774: 8772: 8769: 8767: 8764: 8762: 8759: 8757: 8754: 8752: 8749: 8748: 8746: 8742: 8739: 8735: 8729: 8726: 8724: 8721: 8719: 8716: 8714: 8711: 8709: 8706: 8704: 8701: 8699: 8696: 8694: 8691: 8689: 8686: 8684: 8681: 8679: 8676: 8674: 8671: 8669: 8666: 8664: 8661: 8660: 8658: 8654: 8650: 8643: 8638: 8636: 8631: 8629: 8624: 8623: 8620: 8613: 8609: 8606: 8605: 8592: 8585: 8583: 8574: 8567: 8565: 8563: 8554: 8547: 8539: 8532: 8524: 8517: 8510: 8504: 8497: 8491: 8482: 8480: 8471: 8464: 8462: 8460: 8451: 8444: 8436: 8432: 8425: 8417: 8410: 8402: 8395: 8393: 8391: 8382: 8378: 8374: 8370: 8366: 8362: 8355: 8353: 8351: 8349: 8339: 8330: 8322: 8318: 8314: 8310: 8303: 8295: 8293:90-272-3591-0 8289: 8285: 8278: 8270: 8268:9780199202720 8264: 8260: 8256: 8252: 8245: 8229: 8222: 8215: 8213: 8211: 8195: 8189: 8185: 8184: 8176: 8168: 8161: 8159: 8150: 8144: 8140: 8133: 8125: 8118: 8116: 8114: 8112: 8103: 8097: 8092: 8091: 8082: 8080: 8078: 8076: 8067: 8060: 8053: 8051: 8042: 8038: 8034: 8030: 8026: 8022: 8015: 8013: 8005:(4): 595–652. 8004: 8000: 7993: 7991: 7989: 7987: 7978: 7974: 7971:(1): 74–102. 7970: 7966: 7959: 7957: 7955: 7946: 7939: 7932: 7926: 7919: 7913: 7899: 7898: 7893: 7886: 7870: 7866: 7859: 7851: 7845: 7837: 7830: 7822: 7818: 7811: 7809: 7807: 7798: 7791: 7783: 7781:9780470996591 7777: 7773: 7769: 7765: 7761: 7754: 7752: 7750: 7748: 7746: 7744: 7742: 7740: 7738: 7736: 7734: 7724: 7719: 7714: 7709: 7705: 7701: 7697: 7690: 7688: 7679: 7675: 7671: 7667: 7663: 7659: 7652: 7644: 7637: 7621: 7617: 7610: 7606: 7600: 7592: 7590:9780199202720 7586: 7582: 7578: 7574: 7567: 7552: 7550:9780195356205 7546: 7542: 7541: 7533: 7531: 7529: 7527: 7517: 7512: 7508: 7504: 7500: 7493: 7485: 7479: 7475: 7468: 7466: 7457: 7455:3-11-012804-7 7451: 7447: 7440: 7438: 7436: 7434: 7419: 7418: 7413: 7406: 7398: 7394: 7387: 7373: 7372: 7367: 7360: 7358: 7356: 7354: 7345: 7341: 7337: 7333: 7329: 7325: 7321: 7317: 7313: 7306: 7304: 7302: 7300: 7298: 7289: 7287:9780199202720 7283: 7279: 7275: 7271: 7264: 7256: 7249: 7243: 7239: 7225: 7224: 7219: 7217: 7212: 7209: 7203: 7196: 7192: 7186: 7176: 7172: 7161: 7160:Genitive case 7158: 7156: 7153: 7151: 7148: 7146: 7143: 7141: 7138: 7136: 7133: 7131: 7128: 7126: 7123: 7121: 7118: 7117: 7112: 7106: 7101: 7094: 7087: 7084: 7081: 7080: 7074: 7069: 7067:1 dual excl. 7066: 7065: 7059: 7054: 7052:1 dual incl. 7051: 7050: 7046: 7043: 7040: 7039: 7035: 7032: 7029: 7028: 7025:niaku, niata 7022: 7017: 7014: 7013: 7007: 7006: 7002: 6999: 6996: 6995: 6992:outou, autou 6991: 6988: 6985: 6984: 6980: 6977: 6974: 6973: 6969: 6966: 6963: 6962: 6956: 6951: 6948: 6947: 6944:oulua, aulua 6943: 6940: 6937: 6936: 6933:a ma, a maua 6930: 6925: 6923:1 dual excl. 6922: 6921: 6918:a ta, a taua 6915: 6910: 6908:1 dual incl. 6907: 6906: 6902: 6899: 6896: 6895: 6891: 6888: 6885: 6884: 6880: 6877: 6874: 6873: 6869: 6866: 6863: 6862: 6859: 6856: 6847: 6845:a laua, a la 6842: 6837: 6833: 6827: 6822: 6817: 6813: 6807: 6802: 6799: 6798: 6792: 6790:a taua, a ta 6787: 6783:o oku, o kita 6779: 6775: 6771: 6768: 6765: 6762: 6759: 6757: 6746: 6743: 6736: 6733: 6729: 6719: 6714: 6711: 6706: 6703: 6698: 6695: 6692: 6686: 6685: 6679: 6676: 6673: 6672: 6668: 6665: 6662: 6661: 6658: 6653:Kinship terms 6652: 6651: 6645: 6642: 6639: 6638: 6634: 6631: 6628: 6627: 6624: 6618: 6617: 6616: 6612: 6610: 6609:Wuvulu Island 6606: 6592: 6589: 6586: 6583: 6580: 6577: 6573: 6569: 6566: 6563: 6560: 6557: 6554: 6550: 6546: 6543: 6540: 6537: 6534: 6533: 6529: 6526: 6523: 6520: 6511: 6507: 6495: 6493: 6492: 6486: 6482: 6474: 6471: 6470: 6467: 6464: 6463: 6460: 6457: 6456: 6453: 6450: 6449: 6446: 6444:grandparents 6443: 6442: 6439: 6436: 6435: 6432: 6429: 6428: 6425: 6422: 6421: 6418: 6415: 6414: 6410: 6407: 6406: 6402: 6399: 6398: 6394: 6391: 6390: 6387:unborn child 6386: 6383: 6382: 6378: 6375: 6374: 6370: 6367: 6366: 6362: 6359: 6358: 6354: 6351: 6350: 6346: 6343: 6342: 6338: 6335: 6334: 6330: 6327: 6326: 6322: 6319: 6318: 6314: 6311: 6308: 6305: 6304: 6300: 6296: 6288: 6285: 6282: 6279: 6276: 6273: 6270: 6267: 6266: 6265: 6261: 6257: 6255: 6250: 6246: 6242: 6221: 6213: 6210: 6208: 6205: 6204: 6201: 6198: 6195: 6194: 6191: 6188: 6185: 6184: 6181:tense phrase 6180: 6177: 6176: 6173: 6170: 6167: 6166: 6163: 6160: 6157: 6156: 6153: 6150: 6147: 6146: 6143: 6140: 6137: 6136: 6133: 6130: 6127: 6126: 6123: 6120: 6117: 6116: 6104: 6103:co-referenced 6101: 6099: 6094: 6093: 6090: 6087: 6085: 6079: 6078: 6075: 6072: 6069: 6068: 6065: 6062: 6059: 6058: 6055: 6052: 6049: 6048: 6045: 6042: 6039: 6038: 6035: 6032: 6029: 6028: 6025: 6024:genitive case 6022: 6019: 6018: 6015: 6012: 6009: 6008: 6005: 6002: 5999: 5996: 5995: 5992: 5989: 5986: 5985: 5982: 5979: 5976: 5975: 5972: 5969: 5966: 5965: 5962: 5961:ungrammatical 5959: 5956: 5955: 5942: 5939: 5934: 5921: 5914: 5911: 5906: 5901: 5898: 5895: 5894: 5886: 5879: 5876: 5871: 5866: 5863: 5860: 5859: 5855: 5852: 5849: 5847:Noun category 5846: 5845: 5842: 5840: 5836: 5831: 5822: 5819: 5816: 5813: 5809: 5806: 5801: 5798: 5793: 5790: 5785: 5782: 5777: 5774: 5762: 5759: 5757: 5752: 5750: 5747:wǒ xǐhuān nǐ 5744: 5741: 5736: 5735: 5731: 5730: 5724: 5721: 5716: 5713: 5708: 5705: 5697: 5694: 5690: 5686: 5680: 5677: 5674: 5671: 5667: 5664: 5659: 5656: 5651: 5639: 5636: 5634: 5629: 5627: 5621: 5618: 5613: 5612: 5608: 5607: 5601: 5598: 5593: 5585: 5583: 5582: 5576: 5570: 5567: 5564: 5561: 5557: 5554: 5549: 5536: 5533: 5530: 5526: 5523: 5518: 5515: 5510: 5502: 5500: 5496: 5492: 5487: 5484: 5474: 5472: 5461: 5458: 5455: 5452: 5451: 5445: 5439: 5438: 5432: 5429: 5424: 5421: 5416: 5413: 5405: 5401: 5398: 5395: 5392: 5391: 5387: 5381: 5375: 5374: 5370: 5364: 5361: 5356: 5353: 5348: 5345: 5333: 5330: 5327: 5326: 5320: 5314: 5313: 5307: 5304: 5299: 5296: 5291: 5288: 5283: 5280: 5268: 5264: 5259: 5256: 5253: 5250: 5249: 5243: 5237: 5236: 5230: 5227: 5222: 5219: 5214: 5211: 5206: 5203: 5198: 5195: 5190: 5187: 5182: 5179: 5174: 5171: 5159: 5156: 5153: 5152: 5146: 5140: 5139: 5133: 5130: 5125: 5122: 5117: 5114: 5109: 5106: 5101: 5098: 5085: 5081: 5076: 5073: 5070: 5066: 5062: 5059: 5057: 5053: 5047: 5044: 5039: 5036: 5031: 5028: 5023: 5020: 5015: 5012: 5007: 5001: 4999: 4992: 4986: 4985: 4979: 4976: 4971: 4968: 4963: 4960: 4948: 4945: 4942: 4938: 4934: 4931: 4930: 4926: 4920: 4910: 4909: 4905: 4899: 4896: 4891: 4888: 4883: 4880: 4875: 4872: 4860: 4857: 4854: 4851: 4850: 4844: 4838: 4837: 4831: 4828: 4823: 4820: 4815: 4812: 4807: 4804: 4793: 4788: 4784: 4779: 4776: 4770: 4765: 4762: 4761: 4755: 4749: 4748: 4742: 4739: 4734: 4731: 4719: 4715: 4711: 4708: 4704: 4701: 4697: 4688: 4686: 4685:lui la figure 4682: 4678: 4674: 4670: 4666: 4665: 4658: 4655: 4652: 4645: 4642: 4639: 4635: 4630: 4627: 4624: 4619: 4616: 4613: 4610: 4605: 4597: 4595: 4591: 4587: 4583: 4577: 4574: 4571: 4568: 4565: 4561: 4558: 4555: 4547: 4545: 4543: 4537: 4535: 4529: 4525: 4516: 4509: 4506: 4503: 4500: 4497: 4496: 4495: 4492: 4490: 4486: 4482: 4478: 4470: 4466: 4456: 4453: 4450: 4447: 4444: 4440: 4435: 4432: 4427: 4422: 4419: 4407: 4404: 4401: 4397: 4394: 4389: 4386: 4381: 4378: 4373: 4370: 4362: 4360: 4356: 4352: 4351:lexical chain 4348: 4344: 4340: 4339: 4333: 4328: 4326: 4322: 4318: 4314: 4310: 4306: 4302: 4298: 4293: 4286: 4283: 4280: 4277: 4262: 4259: 4254: 4251: 4241: 4238: 4233: 4230: 4222: 4210: 4207: 4204: 4192: 4189: 4184: 4181: 4173: 4170: 4165: 4162: 4154: 4146: 4143: 4139: 4135: 4127: 4123: 4116: 4112: 4108: 4104: 4101: 4097: 4094: 4093: 4092: 4083: 4081: 4077: 4070: 4067: 4064: 4062: 4057: 4055: 4049: 4046: 4041: 4040: 4029: 4028: 4022: 4019: 4014: 4011: 4006: 4003: 3998: 3986: 3983: 3981: 3976: 3974: 3968: 3965: 3960: 3947: 3942: 3939: 3934: 3933: 3929: 3928: 3922: 3919: 3914: 3911: 3906: 3898: 3895: 3893: 3885: 3881: 3874: 3870: 3861: 3859: 3855: 3851: 3850: 3844: 3843:genitive case 3840: 3830: 3828: 3824: 3820: 3816: 3806: 3803: 3802:morphological 3799: 3798:morphological 3794: 3792: 3791:data from Dâw 3775: 3771: 3767: 3766: 3763: 3761: 3757: 3752: 3746: 3741: 3734: 3729: 3720: 3714: 3710: 3706: 3703: 3700: 3696: 3693: 3690: 3689:morphological 3686: 3682: 3679: 3678: 3677: 3669: 3667: 3658: 3654: 3650: 3645: 3641: 3639: 3627: 3626: 3623: 3621: 3617: 3589: 3588: 3585: 3576: 3574: 3570: 3564: 3562: 3561:Mary's friend 3558: 3557:Mary's mother 3554: 3550: 3545: 3543: 3539: 3535: 3531: 3519: 3518: 3515: 3513: 3510: 3506: 3502: 3498: 3492: 3489: 3487: 3482: 3480: 3474: 3471: 3466: 3465: 3461: 3460: 3454: 3451: 3446: 3443: 3438: 3435: 3430: 3427: 3419: 3417: 3413: 3409: 3405: 3400: 3386: 3385: 3382: 3380: 3379: 3378:father's eyes 3371: 3369: 3367: 3361: 3359: 3353: 3349: 3338: 3335: 3333: 3328: 3326: 3321: 3319: 3313: 3310: 3305: 3304: 3300: 3299: 3293: 3290: 3285: 3282: 3277: 3268: 3265: 3263: 3258: 3256: 3251: 3249: 3243: 3240: 3235: 3234: 3230: 3229: 3223: 3218: 3213: 3210: 3205: 3202: 3197: 3189: 3187: 3186: 3181: 3180: 3175: 3170: 3167: 3165: 3160: 3158: 3153: 3151: 3145: 3142: 3137: 3136: 3132: 3131: 3125: 3122: 3117: 3114: 3109: 3106: 3098: 3096: 3095: 3090: 3089: 3084: 3083: 3078: 3077: 3072: 3068: 3058: 3057: 3054: 3052: 3046: 3043: 3041: 3036: 3034: 3029: 3027: 3021: 3018: 3013: 3012: 3008: 3007: 3001: 2998: 2993: 2990: 2982: 2980: 2976: 2961: 2958: 2956: 2951: 2949: 2943: 2940: 2935: 2934: 2930: 2929: 2923: 2920: 2915: 2912: 2907: 2904: 2901: 2899: 2894: 2892: 2886: 2883: 2878: 2877: 2873: 2872: 2866: 2863: 2858: 2855: 2850: 2846: 2842: 2839: 2837: 2832: 2830: 2824: 2821: 2816: 2813: 2808: 2807: 2803: 2802: 2796: 2793: 2788: 2785: 2780: 2777: 2774: 2772: 2767: 2765: 2759: 2756: 2751: 2748: 2743: 2742: 2738: 2737: 2731: 2728: 2723: 2720: 2715: 2711: 2707: 2704: 2702: 2701: 2698: 2696: 2692: 2688: 2684: 2681:(inalienable 2680: 2679: 2674: 2670: 2669: 2662: 2659: 2656: 2654: 2649: 2647: 2641: 2638: 2633: 2632: 2628: 2627: 2621: 2618: 2613: 2610: 2605: 2593: 2590: 2588: 2583: 2581: 2575: 2572: 2567: 2566: 2562: 2561: 2555: 2552: 2547: 2544: 2539: 2531: 2529: 2526:(inalienable 2525: 2524: 2519: 2515: 2514: 2509: 2505: 2495: 2492: 2489: 2486: 2482: 2479: 2474: 2471: 2459: 2457: 2452: 2450: 2446: 2444: 2439: 2437: 2431: 2429: 2423: 2414: 2411: 2408: 2405: 2401: 2398: 2393: 2390: 2378: 2376: 2371: 2369: 2365: 2363: 2358: 2355: 2350: 2349: 2343: 2342: 2336: 2328: 2326: 2325: 2320: 2316: 2315: 2310: 2306: 2305: 2300: 2299: 2293: 2291: 2287: 2271: 2268: 2265: 2263: 2258: 2256: 2250: 2248: 2242: 2240: 2234: 2231: 2226: 2218: 2216: 2215: 2210: 2209: 2202: 2199: 2196: 2195: 2190: 2189: 2183: 2182: 2167: 2166: 2160: 2157: 2152: 2144: 2142: 2141: 2136: 2135: 2129: 2127: 2126:genitive case 2123: 2119: 2108: 2105: 2102: 2099: 2095: 2092: 2087: 2084: 2079: 2076: 2064: 2061: 2058: 2054: 2051: 2046: 2043: 2038: 2035: 2030: 2027: 2019: 2017: 2013: 2012: 2007: 2003: 1997: 1994: 1983: 1982: 1977: 1976: 1970: 1969: 1965: 1964: 1958: 1955: 1950: 1947: 1942: 1939: 1927: 1916: 1913: 1909: 1906: 1901: 1898: 1893: 1890: 1885: 1882: 1874: 1872: 1871: 1866: 1862: 1846: 1835: 1832: 1831:Oprao je ruke 1828: 1825: 1820: 1817: 1812: 1809: 1797: 1786: 1784: 1771: 1769: 1763: 1760: 1755: 1754: 1746: 1745: 1739: 1732: 1727: 1724: 1719: 1716: 1708: 1706: 1702: 1696: 1693: 1682: 1679: 1675: 1672: 1667: 1664: 1659: 1656: 1644: 1633: 1631: 1618: 1617: 1614:* Ó sàra áka 1611: 1610: 1602: 1601: 1595: 1592: 1587: 1584: 1579: 1573: 1568: 1565: 1557: 1555: 1551: 1550: 1545: 1541: 1537: 1533: 1529: 1525: 1514: 1511: 1508: 1505: 1501: 1498: 1493: 1488: 1483: 1475: 1473: 1472: 1465: 1462: 1459: 1457: 1452: 1450: 1444: 1441: 1436: 1435: 1425: 1424: 1410: 1409:'Tũk's house' 1407: 1406: 1401: 1400: 1394: 1393: 1386: 1385: 1378: 1375: 1370: 1362: 1360: 1359: 1354: 1350: 1347: 1332: 1330: 1329: 1323: 1321: 1310: 1309:'John's book' 1307: 1306: 1303: 1298: 1297: 1294: 1288: 1287: 1283: 1282: 1276: 1275: 1271: 1270: 1264: 1261: 1256: 1253: 1248: 1236: 1233: 1232: 1229: 1224: 1223: 1220: 1214: 1213: 1209: 1208: 1202: 1201: 1197: 1196: 1190: 1187: 1182: 1179: 1174: 1162: 1159: 1156: 1155: 1152: 1147: 1146: 1143: 1137: 1136: 1132: 1131: 1125: 1124: 1120: 1119: 1113: 1110: 1105: 1102: 1097: 1086: 1082: 1078: 1074: 1067: 1063: 1059: 1055: 1053: 1049: 1045: 1041: 1037: 1032: 1030: 1025: 1023: 1019: 1015: 1011: 1001: 998: 994: 989: 985: 980: 977: 975: 970: 968: 963: 961: 955: 952: 947: 944: 939: 936: 931: 928: 923: 920: 915: 914: 907: 906: 900: 897: 892: 889: 884: 881: 876: 873: 868: 856: 854: 849: 847: 842: 840: 834: 831: 826: 823: 818: 815: 810: 807: 802: 799: 794: 793: 786: 785: 779: 776: 771: 768: 763: 760: 755: 747: 745: 744:ungrammatical 741: 737: 733: 728: 726: 722: 717: 706: 704: 698: 694: 692: 688: 684: 680: 669: 666: 665: 661: 658: 657: 654:sweat, voice 653: 650: 649: 645: 642: 641: 637: 634: 633: 629: 626: 625: 621: 618: 617: 613: 610: 609: 606: 597: 595: 590: 588: 584: 580: 575: 570: 568: 564: 560: 559:morphological 556: 552: 548: 547:kinship terms 544: 540: 536: 532: 528: 524: 517: 513: 509: 497: 492: 490: 485: 483: 478: 477: 475: 474: 471: 467: 463: 462: 455: 452: 450: 447: 445: 442: 440: 437: 435: 432: 430: 427: 425: 422: 420: 417: 415: 412: 410: 407: 405: 402: 400: 397: 395: 392: 390: 389:Descriptivism 387: 385: 382: 380: 377: 375: 372: 371: 365: 364: 357: 356:Structuralism 354: 350: 347: 345: 342: 340: 339:Prague circle 337: 335: 332: 330: 327: 325: 322: 320: 317: 315: 312: 311: 310: 307: 303: 300: 298: 295: 293: 290: 288: 285: 283: 280: 279: 278: 275: 274: 268: 267: 260: 257: 255: 251: 248: 246: 243: 241: 238: 236: 233: 231: 228: 226: 223: 221: 218: 216: 213: 211: 208: 206: 203: 201: 198: 196: 193: 191: 188: 186: 185:Documentation 183: 181: 178: 176: 173: 171: 168: 166: 163: 161: 160:Computational 158: 156: 153: 151: 148: 146: 143: 142: 136: 135: 128: 125: 123: 120: 118: 115: 113: 110: 108: 105: 103: 100: 98: 95: 93: 90: 88: 85: 84: 78: 77: 71: 68: 66: 63: 61: 58: 57: 55: 54: 51: 48: 47: 43: 39: 38: 33: 19: 9240:Type shifter 9210:Quantization 9160:Continuation 9027:Veridicality 8936: 8907:Exhaustivity 8872:Cumulativity 8791:Indexicality 8771:Definiteness 8766:Conditionals 8693:Logical form 8590: 8572: 8552: 8546: 8537: 8531: 8522: 8516: 8508: 8503: 8495: 8490: 8469: 8449: 8443: 8434: 8430: 8424: 8415: 8409: 8400: 8364: 8360: 8338: 8329: 8312: 8308: 8302: 8283: 8277: 8251:Head marking 8250: 8244: 8232:. Retrieved 8227: 8197:. Retrieved 8182: 8175: 8166: 8138: 8132: 8123: 8089: 8065: 8027:(1): 29–30. 8024: 8020: 8002: 7998: 7968: 7964: 7944: 7938: 7930: 7925: 7917: 7912: 7901:. Retrieved 7895: 7885: 7873:. Retrieved 7868: 7858: 7835: 7829: 7820: 7816: 7796: 7790: 7763: 7723:1887/3160735 7706:(1): 86–98. 7703: 7699: 7664:(1): 35–57. 7661: 7657: 7651: 7642: 7636: 7624:. Retrieved 7619: 7615: 7599: 7572: 7566: 7554:. Retrieved 7539: 7506: 7502: 7492: 7473: 7445: 7421:. Retrieved 7415: 7405: 7396: 7386: 7375:. Retrieved 7369: 7319: 7315: 7269: 7263: 7254: 7242: 7222: 7221: 7215: 7214: 7202: 7194: 7185: 7175: 7093: 7036:ni o, ni au 6959:a la a laua 6957:o la, o laua 6931:o ma, o maua 6916:o ta, o taue 6857: 6855: 6843:o laua, o la 6788:o taua, o ta 6753: 6737: 6734: 6731: 6720: 6717: 6712: 6709: 6704: 6701: 6696: 6693: 6690: 6677:your father 6656: 6622: 6613: 6603: 6483: 6479: 6312: 6306: 6298: 6294: 6262: 6258: 6253: 6238: 6219: 6206: 6095: 6080: 5971:third person 5935: 5931: 5909: 5904: 5899: 5874: 5869: 5864: 5832: 5829: 5820: 5817: 5814: 5811: 5807: 5799: 5791: 5783: 5775: 5760: 5755: 5753: 5748: 5746: 5742: 5733: 5732: 5728: 5722: 5714: 5706: 5692: 5688: 5684: 5682: 5678: 5675: 5672: 5669: 5665: 5657: 5649: 5637: 5632: 5630: 5625: 5623: 5619: 5610: 5609: 5605: 5599: 5591: 5580: 5579: 5572: 5568: 5565: 5562: 5559: 5555: 5547: 5534: 5531: 5528: 5524: 5516: 5508: 5488: 5480: 5468: 5459: 5456: 5453: 5449: 5448:Jeg klør på 5447: 5440: 5436: 5430: 5422: 5414: 5403: 5399: 5396: 5393: 5389: 5385: 5383: 5376: 5372: 5368: 5362: 5354: 5346: 5331: 5328: 5324: 5322: 5315: 5311: 5305: 5297: 5289: 5281: 5261: 5257: 5254: 5251: 5247: 5245: 5238: 5234: 5228: 5220: 5212: 5204: 5196: 5188: 5180: 5172: 5157: 5154: 5150: 5148: 5141: 5137: 5131: 5123: 5115: 5107: 5099: 5078: 5074: 5072: 5067: 5063: 5060: 5055: 5051: 5049: 5045: 5037: 5029: 5021: 5013: 5002: 4997: 4987: 4983: 4977: 4969: 4961: 4946: 4944: 4939: 4935: 4932: 4928: 4924: 4922: 4911: 4907: 4903: 4897: 4889: 4881: 4873: 4858: 4855: 4852: 4848: 4846: 4839: 4835: 4829: 4821: 4813: 4805: 4791: 4781: 4777: 4768: 4767:'She raised 4766: 4763: 4759: 4757: 4750: 4746: 4740: 4732: 4712: 4694: 4684: 4680: 4672: 4662: 4660: 4656: 4653: 4646: 4643: 4640: 4637: 4631: 4628: 4625: 4617: 4614: 4611: 4603: 4593: 4579: 4575: 4572: 4569: 4566: 4563: 4559: 4556: 4541: 4539: 4533: 4531: 4527: 4523: 4521: 4493: 4474: 4468: 4454: 4451: 4448: 4445: 4442: 4436: 4433: 4423: 4420: 4405: 4402: 4399: 4395: 4387: 4379: 4371: 4361:theta-role. 4346: 4342: 4337: 4335: 4329: 4324: 4320: 4316: 4312: 4288: 4284: 4281: 4278: 4264: 4260: 4252: 4239: 4231: 4220: 4208: 4205: 4194: 4190: 4182: 4171: 4163: 4152: 4131: 4125: 4089: 4072: 4068: 4065: 4060: 4058: 4053: 4051: 4047: 4031: 4030: 4026: 4020: 4012: 4004: 3996: 3984: 3979: 3978:the doctor { 3977: 3972: 3970: 3966: 3948: 3940: 3931: 3930: 3926: 3920: 3912: 3904: 3896: 3891: 3889: 3883: 3872: 3857: 3848: 3846: 3836: 3812: 3795: 3787: 3773: 3769: 3753: 3750: 3718: 3709:closed class 3685:phonological 3675: 3665: 3662: 3656: 3652: 3648: 3637: 3635: 3619: 3615: 3613: 3591:(21) a. Lucy 3582: 3572: 3568: 3565: 3560: 3556: 3552: 3548: 3546: 3537: 3529: 3527: 3511: 3497:Noam Chomsky 3494: 3490: 3485: 3483: 3478: 3476: 3472: 3469: 3463: 3462: 3458: 3457: 3452: 3449: 3444: 3441: 3436: 3433: 3428: 3425: 3415: 3411: 3407: 3403: 3396: 3377: 3376:she has her 3375: 3372: 3365: 3363: 3357: 3355: 3351: 3347: 3345: 3336: 3331: 3329: 3324: 3322: 3317: 3316:Ich zerriss 3315: 3311: 3308: 3302: 3301: 3297: 3296: 3291: 3288: 3283: 3280: 3275: 3266: 3261: 3259: 3254: 3252: 3247: 3245: 3241: 3232: 3231: 3227: 3219: 3211: 3203: 3195: 3184: 3183: 3178: 3177: 3172: 3168: 3163: 3161: 3156: 3154: 3149: 3147: 3143: 3134: 3133: 3129: 3123: 3115: 3107: 3093: 3092: 3087: 3086: 3081: 3080: 3075: 3074: 3069: 3066: 3048: 3044: 3039: 3037: 3032: 3030: 3025: 3023: 3019: 3010: 3009: 3005: 2999: 2991: 2972: 2959: 2954: 2952: 2947: 2945: 2941: 2938: 2932: 2931: 2927: 2926: 2921: 2918: 2913: 2910: 2903:'Pua's lei ' 2902: 2897: 2895: 2890: 2888: 2884: 2881: 2875: 2874: 2870: 2869: 2864: 2861: 2856: 2853: 2840: 2835: 2833: 2828: 2826: 2822: 2819: 2814: 2811: 2805: 2804: 2800: 2799: 2794: 2791: 2786: 2783: 2775: 2770: 2768: 2763: 2761: 2757: 2754: 2749: 2746: 2740: 2739: 2735: 2734: 2729: 2726: 2721: 2718: 2708:Inalienable 2694: 2682: 2677: 2676: 2672: 2667: 2666: 2664: 2660: 2657: 2652: 2650: 2645: 2643: 2639: 2636: 2630: 2629: 2625: 2624: 2619: 2616: 2611: 2608: 2603: 2591: 2586: 2584: 2579: 2577: 2573: 2570: 2564: 2563: 2559: 2558: 2553: 2550: 2545: 2542: 2537: 2527: 2522: 2521: 2517: 2512: 2511: 2508:prepositions 2502: 2499:Prepositions 2493: 2490: 2487: 2484: 2480: 2477: 2472: 2469: 2458:grandmother' 2455: 2453: 2451:-grandmother 2448: 2447: 2442: 2441: 2438:-grandmother 2433: 2432: 2427: 2426: 2421: 2412: 2409: 2406: 2403: 2399: 2396: 2391: 2388: 2374: 2372: 2367: 2366: 2361: 2360: 2356: 2353: 2345: 2344: 2340: 2339: 2334: 2323: 2322: 2318: 2313: 2312: 2308: 2303: 2302: 2297: 2296: 2294: 2283: 2269: 2266: 2261: 2259: 2254: 2252: 2244: 2243: 2238: 2237: 2232: 2229: 2224: 2213: 2212: 2207: 2206: 2204: 2200: 2197: 2193: 2191: 2187: 2185: 2169: 2168: 2164: 2163: 2158: 2155: 2150: 2139: 2138: 2133: 2132: 2130: 2115: 2106: 2103: 2100: 2097: 2093: 2085: 2077: 2062: 2059: 2057:* ísi m wàra 2056: 2052: 2044: 2036: 2028: 2015: 2010: 2009: 2005: 2001: 1999: 1995: 1984: 1980: 1979:He saw hand 1978: 1974: 1972: 1967: 1966: 1962: 1956: 1948: 1940: 1917: 1914: 1912:* Ó hùru áka 1911: 1907: 1899: 1891: 1883: 1869: 1868: 1858: 1836: 1833: 1830: 1826: 1823: 1818: 1815: 1810: 1807: 1787: 1778: 1773:{} Washed he 1772: 1767: 1765: 1761: 1758: 1748: 1747: 1743: 1742: 1733: 1730: 1725: 1722: 1717: 1714: 1698: 1694: 1683: 1680: 1677: 1673: 1670: 1665: 1662: 1657: 1654: 1634: 1625: 1619: 1615: 1613: 1604: 1603: 1599: 1598: 1593: 1590: 1585: 1582: 1574: 1571: 1566: 1563: 1553: 1548: 1547: 1521: 1512: 1509: 1506: 1503: 1499: 1496: 1489: 1486: 1481: 1470: 1469: 1467: 1463: 1460: 1455: 1453: 1448: 1446: 1442: 1439: 1431: 1426: 1422: 1420: 1408: 1404: 1402: 1398: 1396: 1389: 1387: 1383: 1381: 1376: 1373: 1368: 1357: 1356: 1343: 1327: 1326:the brother 1325: 1316: 1314: 1312: 1308: 1304: 1301: 1299: 1295: 1292: 1290: 1285: 1284: 1280: 1279: 1273: 1272: 1268: 1267: 1262: 1259: 1254: 1251: 1246: 1234: 1230: 1227: 1226:the brother 1225: 1221: 1218: 1216: 1211: 1210: 1206: 1205: 1199: 1198: 1194: 1193: 1188: 1185: 1180: 1177: 1172: 1160: 1158:'John's arm' 1157: 1153: 1150: 1148: 1144: 1141: 1139: 1134: 1133: 1129: 1128: 1122: 1121: 1117: 1116: 1111: 1108: 1103: 1100: 1095: 1084: 1080: 1076: 1065: 1061: 1051: 1047: 1043: 1039: 1033: 1026: 1021: 1017: 1007: 986:argues that 982: 978: 973: 971: 966: 964: 959: 957: 953: 950: 945: 942: 937: 934: 929: 926: 921: 918: 909: 908: 904: 903: 898: 895: 890: 887: 882: 879: 874: 871: 866: 852: 850: 845: 843: 838: 836: 832: 829: 824: 821: 816: 813: 808: 805: 800: 797: 788: 787: 783: 782: 777: 774: 769: 766: 761: 758: 753: 731: 729: 721:noun classes 715: 712: 702: 699: 695: 690: 686: 682: 678: 675: 603: 591: 574:class system 571: 569:properties. 554: 550: 542: 518: 511: 505: 302:Glossematics 282:Constituency 254:interpreting 92:Lexicography 9155:Context set 9129:Type theory 9012:Subtrigging 8776:Disjunction 8703:Proposition 8315:(1): 1–37. 8199:11 December 7140:Noun phrase 7044:hona, hana 7041:3 singular 7030:2 singular 7020:haku, hata 7015:1 singular 6900:tona, tana 6897:3 singular 6886:2 singular 6875:1 singular 6835:3rd person 6820:a au/a koe 6815:2nd person 6777:1st person 6575:3rd Person 6552:2nd Person 6509:1st Person 6297:marked and 6200:verb phrase 6152:noun phrase 5991:dative case 5896:Inalienable 5867:'gardener' 5853:Unpossessed 5754:I like you 5676:'My friend' 5638:'My friend' 5548:Inalienable 4758:Hun løftet 4647:{} NOM {} * 4449:AGENT THEME 4303:but not in 3971:Le médecin 3854:complements 3847:the friend 3819:head-marked 3408:les enfants 3196:Inalienable 3162:'He washes 3148:Él se lava 3038:'He raises 2693:. Although 2671:(alienable 2516:(alienable 2481:grandmother 2319:grandmother 1973:Ó hùru áka 1766:* Oprao je 1482:Inalienable 1461:'his arrow' 1044:postnominal 1029:typological 984:Bernd Heine 662:fear, mind 529:in which a 516:abbreviated 508:linguistics 454:Terminology 429:Orthography 349:Usage-based 250:Translating 145:Acquisition 50:Linguistics 9325:Categories 9305:Pragmatics 8952:Mirativity 8718:Speech act 8673:Entailment 8668:Denotation 8234:9 November 7903:2011-03-06 7875:29 October 7626:7 November 7573:Noun class 7556:6 November 7423:2011-03-06 7377:2011-02-26 7234:References 7145:Possessive 7130:Noun class 7018:hoku, hota 6864:Possessor 6818:o ou/o koe 6674:my father 6643:your head 6619:Body parts 6570:tā koutou 6567:tō koutou 6535:Exclusive 6512:Inclusive 6122:determiner 6054:possessive 6004:determiner 5938:Zipf's Law 5912:'daughter' 5856:Possessed 5670:wǒ péngyǒu 4485:theta-role 4334:anaphora ( 3852:appear as 3713:open class 3603:raised her 3595:raised her 3534:complement 3512:John's arm 3501:determiner 3031:he raises 2979:possessive 2827:ke kanaka 2762:ke kanaka 2705:Alienable 2651:the bones 2585:the bones 2410:'(an) arm' 2122:New Guinea 2098:ísi wàra m 1850:Word order 1841:washed his 1792:washed his 1703:, notably 1688:washed his 1678:Ó sàra áka 1639:washed his 1510:‘his head' 1403:house Tũk- 1040:prenominal 1014:word order 742:: (1b) is 703:body parts 670:name, age 527:possession 424:Orismology 309:Functional 297:Generative 287:Dependency 107:Pragmatics 97:Morphology 87:Diachronic 9104:Mereology 9040:Formalism 8922:Givenness 8847:Cataphora 8835:Phenomena 8826:Vagueness 8756:Ambiguity 8708:Reference 8688:Intension 8678:Extension 8610:from the 7844:cite book 7678:119555932 7344:919350399 7336:143993134 7180:éthique." 6997:3 plural 6986:2 plural 6903:ona, ana 6830:a koutou 6825:a koulua 6766:Singular 6756:Tokelauan 6750:Tokelauan 6718:ware-a-mu 6691:Example: 6593:tā rātou 6590:tō rātou 6564:tā kōrua 6561:tō kōrua 6547:tā tātou 6544:tō tātou 6530:tā mātou 6527:tō mātou 6498:Singular 6451:language 6416:sickness 6400:preacher 6339:children 6331:taro-bed 6064:reflexive 5902:'sister' 5900:Schwester 5872:'hunter' 5861:Alienable 5509:Alienable 4890:professor 4887:professor 4822:professor 4819:professor 4696:Norwegian 4586:c-command 4536:la figure 4487:from the 4332:reflexive 4299:and also 4142:specifier 4107:c-command 4061:POSS(3PL) 4018:a examiné 3938:a examiné 3276:Alienable 3051:ambiguity 1861:syntactic 1544:referents 1369:Alienable 1300:the book 1291:le livre 1217:le frère 1048:(of) Jean 896:quelqu'un 687:my mother 679:alienable 638:eye, leg 635:body part 614:Examples 563:syntactic 549:(such as 399:Iconicity 394:Etymology 314:Cognitive 277:Formalist 230:Phonetics 220:Philology 112:Semantics 102:Phonology 9258:See also 9143:Concepts 9017:Telicity 8852:Coercion 8806:Negation 8801:Modality 8751:Anaphora 8540:: 59–60. 8361:Language 8041:59504908 7762:(eds.). 7340:ProQuest 7211:Diegueño 7197:instead. 7097:See also 7033:ho, hau 6889:to, tau 6850:a latou 6828:o koutou 6823:o koulua 6795:a tatou 6669:ʔama-na 6666:ʔama-mu 6640:my head 6635:taba-na 6632:taba-mu 6587:tā rāua 6584:tō rāua 6541:tā tāua 6538:tō tāua 6524:tā māua 6521:tō māua 6392:teacher 6363:animals 6352:brother 6344:parents 6323:terrain 6309:-marked 6245:Rapa Iti 6074:singular 6014:feminine 6001:definite 5877:'priest' 5673:I friend 5566:'my arm' 5535:'my pig' 5529:dgai' fu 5499:prefixed 5003:/mother. 4925:ansiktet 4916:/father. 4904:ansiktet 4703:language 4677:specific 4434:the hand 4431:la main. 4261:to leave 4021:examined 3941:examined 3839:argument 3437:children 3366:squirrel 3330:'I tore 3024:Il lève 2953:the lei 2896:the lei 2838:the king 2834:the man 2831:ke aliʻi 2773:the king 2769:the man 2766:ke aliʻi 2687:semantic 2504:Hawaiian 2485:* ookmis 2006:to split 1507:3SG head 1397:tɔp Tũk- 1353:morpheme 1149:the arm 1140:le bras 775:qualcuno 723:such as 716:neighbor 683:my money 589:has 32. 567:semantic 200:Forensic 180:Distance 127:Typology 42:a series 40:Part of 9336:Grammar 8761:Binding 7082:2 dual 6949:3 dual 6938:2 dual 6848:o latou 6793:o tatou 6772:Plural 6663:ʔama-u 6629:Taba-u 6504:Plural 6408:friend 6360:sister 6347:spouse 6315:marked 6301:marked 5997:DEF DET 5910:Tochter 5907:'aunt' 5875:Pfarrer 5865:Gärtner 5700:(35) a. 5663:péngyǒu 5628:péngyǒu 5617:péngyǒu 5588:(34) a. 5505:(33) a. 5491:Yagaria 5352:snakket 5316:father. 5295:snakket 5275:(31) a. 5239:father. 5218:snakket 5093:(30) a. 5052:ansiket 4984:ansiket 4840:museum. 4830:visited 4827:beskøte 4799:(29) a. 4771:chin'; 4664:in situ 4644:{} {]]} 4540:Gilles 4365:(25) a. 4343:POSS DP 4305:English 4301:Russian 4199:lève la 4149:(24) a. 4056:gorges. 4045:gorges. 4010:médecin 3980:to them 3932:to them 3918:médecin 3901:(23) a. 3849:of Mary 3607:hand 3434:enfants 3412:la main 3404:la main 3368:of Mary 3360:of Mary 3358:brother 3334:pants.' 3323:I tore 3289:zerriss 3264:hands.' 3166:hands.' 3116:himself 3071:Spanish 3042:hands.' 2946:ka lei 2889:ka lei 2644:nā iwi 2578:nā iwi 2534:(13) a. 2418:(12) a. 2331:(11) a. 2264:-Petrus 2257:-Petrus 2249:-Petrus 2241:-Petrus 2181:-mother 1989:saw his 1922:saw his 1785:} hands 1705:Serbian 1536:subject 1532:deleted 1504:tih nũh 1328:of John 1322:brother 1189:brother 1085:brother 1062:de Jean 1052:the arm 899:someone 778:someone 767:tavolo, 736:Italian 619:kinship 155:Applied 65:History 60:Outline 9190:Monads 8737:Topics 8381:413373 8379: 8309:Lingua 8290: 8265: 8190: 8145: 8098: 8039: 7965:Lingua 7778: 7676: 7587: 7547: 7480: 7452: 7342: 7334: 7284: 6892:o, au 6840:a ona 6810:matou 6800:excl. 6780:incl. 6702:faʔua, 6600:Wuvulu 6558:tākoe 6555:tōkoe 6458:chief 6328:canoe 6320:house 6060:REFLEX 6044:plural 5835:German 5789:xǐhuān 5776: 5712:xǐhuān 5666:friend 5635:friend 5620:friend 5563:my-arm 5556:my-arm 5532:my pig 5450:ryggen 5437:ryggen 5355:talked 5298:talked 5282: 5221:talked 5178:visste 5132:washed 5129:vasket 4898:washed 4895:vasket 4882:single 4879:eneste 4849:museet 4836:museet 4814:single 4811:eneste 4741:raised 4738:løftet 4707:Norway 4671:, the 4651:{} ACC 4618: 4615: 4612: 4604:Hebrew 4557:Gilles 4554:Gilles 4528:figure 4309:Hebrew 4276:partir 4258:partir 4253:(Jean) 4100:domain 4063:throat 4048:throat 4013:doctor 3967:throat 3964:gorge. 3921:doctor 3760:clause 3756:phrase 3745:clause 3733:phrase 3569:mother 3509:phrase 3453:raised 3250:Hände. 3239:Hände. 3212:washes 3209:wäscht 3174:German 3152:manos. 3141:manos. 3124:washes 3028:mains. 3017:mains. 3000:raises 2792:kanaka 2727:kanaka 2675:) and 2478:ookmis 2473: 2445:ookmis 2430:ookmis 2407:{} arm 2392: 2314:ookmis 2286:Ojibwe 2260:house 2208:Petrus 2029: 2022:(8) a. 1884: 1877:(7) a. 1845:hands' 1811:Washed 1796:hands' 1726:Washed 1718: 1711:(6) a. 1692:hands' 1666:washed 1643:hands' 1586:washed 1567: 1560:(5) a. 1365:(3) a. 1092:(2) a. 967:it.DAT 951:pattes 935:toutes 891:table, 888:table, 875: 846:it.DAT 806:segato 762:to.the 750:(1) a. 740:French 691:my arm 565:, and 551:mother 470:Portal 368:Topics 117:Syntax 8882:De se 8786:Focus 8744:Areas 8713:Scope 8555:: 61. 8377:JSTOR 8224:(PDF) 8062:(PDF) 8037:S2CID 7933:1995. 7674:S2CID 7612:(PDF) 7332:S2CID 7251:(PDF) 7167:Notes 6838:o ona 6808:matou 6769:Dual 6721:talk- 6581:tāna 6578:tōna 6518:tāku 6515:tōku 6501:Dual 6472:idea 6465:life 6430:town 6371:oven 6355:food 6336:boat 6172:tense 6089:trace 5905:Tante 5870:Jäger 5805:tóufà 5751:tóufà 5740:tóufà 5560:d-za' 5553:d-za' 5514:dgai' 5441:back. 5390:faren 5373:faren 5325:faren 5312:faren 5248:faren 5235:faren 5210:hadde 5151:håret 5142:hair. 5138:håret 5056:moren 5030:shall 4998:moren 4988:face. 4975:vaske 4970:shall 4929:faren 4912:face. 4908:faren 4874:every 4806:every 4760:haken 4751:chin. 4747:haken 4698:is a 4592:like 4438:THEME 4425:AGENT 4380:raise 4359:theme 4355:agent 4347:BP DP 4336:Jean 4269:veut 4172:raise 4111:trace 4080:moves 4054:leurs 4027:leurs 3845:like 3701:older 3532:is a 3327:pants 3320:Hose. 3318:meine 3312:pants 3309:Hose. 3298:meine 3257:hands 3242:hands 3185:meine 3159:hands 3144:hands 3091:, or 3035:hands 3020:hands 2848:(15) 2820:aliʻi 2755:aliʻi 2713:(14) 2620:bones 2554:bones 2404:* nik 2288:, an 2253:amah 2233:house 2192:Sely 2186:Sely 2094:to me 2086:split 2053:split 1993:hand' 1926:hand' 1827:hands 1819:he.is 1808:Oprao 1783:(own) 1777:.is { 1768:svoje 1762:hands 1753:(own) 1744:svoje 1723:Oprao 1674:hands 1630:(own) 1620:{} He 1609:(own) 1594:hands 1540:refer 1458:arrow 1443:arrow 1377:house 1318:' 1260:livre 1186:frère 1079:is a 1064:is a 976:legs' 855:legs' 830:gambe 814:tutte 770:table 587:Amele 70:Index 8525:: 1. 8437:(1). 8288:ISBN 8263:ISBN 8236:2014 8201:2014 8188:ISBN 8143:ISBN 8096:ISBN 7877:2014 7850:link 7823:(2). 7776:ISBN 7628:2014 7622:: 68 7585:ISBN 7558:2014 7545:ISBN 7478:ISBN 7450:ISBN 7282:ISBN 6742:help 6705:true 6384:car 6376:god 6241:Rapa 6239:Old 6235:Rapa 6190:verb 6142:noun 6050:POSS 5850:Noun 5808:hair 5792:like 5767:(35) 5758:hair 5743:hair 5715:like 5644:(34) 5541:(33) 5493:, a 5423:itch 5420:klør 5408:(32) 5338:(31) 5205:John 5202:John 5197:that 5186:ikke 5181:knew 5164:(30) 5124:John 5121:John 5116:that 5108:said 5043:også 5038:Mari 5035:Mari 5027:skal 5022:that 4978:wash 4967:skal 4962:John 4959:John 4953:(29) 4871:Hver 4865:(29) 4803:Hver 4773:lit. 4726:(28) 4600:(27) 4550:(26) 4489:head 4412:(25) 4396:hand 4393:main 4377:lève 4372:Jean 4369:Jean 4265:Jean 4240:want 4237:veut 4232:Jean 4226:Jean 4215:(24) 4203:main 4195:Jean 4191:hand 4188:main 4169:lève 4164:Jean 4158:Jean 4033:POSS 3991:(23) 3973:leur 3927:leur 3827:head 3666:Lucy 3657:Lucy 3653:hand 3620:Lucy 3605:1/*2 3559:and 3551:and 3488:hand 3481:main 3473:hand 3470:main 3450:levé 3445:have 3422:(20) 3364:the 3356:the 3350:vs. 3292:tore 3272:(19) 3221:REFL 3217:sich 3192:(18) 3121:lava 3101:(17) 2997:lève 2985:(16) 2823:king 2758:king 2598:(13) 2464:(12) 2449:POSS 2435:POSS 2383:(11) 2377:arm' 2368:POSS 2347:POSS 2230:amah 2221:(10) 2214:amah 2188:m-me 2179:POSS 2165:m-me 2159:Sely 2156:Sely 2134:Sely 2116:The 2083:wàra 2078:Head 2050:wàra 2037:Head 2016:wàra 2002:wàra 1957:hand 1946:hùru 1908:hand 1897:hùru 1865:verb 1824:ruke 1770:ruke 1759:ruke 1663:sàra 1583:sàra 1526:, a 1524:Igbo 1500:head 1471:ɛ̃̀ɟ 1456:POSS 1454:3SG- 1451:cɤ̀g 1449:ɛ̃̀ɟ 1447:tih- 1440:cɤ̀g 1433:POSS 1423:ɛ̃̀ɟ 1421:tih- 1405:POSS 1399:ɛ̃̀ɟ 1391:POSS 1388:Tũk- 1384:ɛ̃̀ɟ 1382:Tũk- 1358:ɛ̃̀ɟ 1344:The 1315:John 1305:Jean 1296:Jean 1286:Jean 1281:Jean 1263:book 1231:Jean 1222:Jean 1212:Jean 1207:Jean 1154:Jean 1145:Jean 1135:Jean 1130:Jean 1109:bras 1077:John 1012:and 954:legs 930:sawn 927:scié 833:legs 809:sawn 583:Anêm 531:noun 521:INAL 252:and 245:Text 9134:TTR 8369:doi 8317:doi 8313:107 8255:doi 8029:doi 7973:doi 7969:120 7821:VII 7768:doi 7718:hdl 7708:doi 7666:doi 7577:doi 7511:doi 7324:doi 7274:doi 7223:?-ə 7216:?-ə 6727:2SG 6723:DER 6713:the 6710:ʔei 6030:NOM 6020:GEN 5987:DAT 5977:ACC 5926:53 5924:22 5922:58 5917:47 5915:32 5882:48 5880:24 5800:you 5723:you 5624:wǒ 5525:pig 5443:DEF 5412:Jeg 5386:far 5379:DEF 5369:far 5360:med 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