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146:, early Almohad architecture was much more restrained in its ornamentation, focusing its attention on overall architectural forms and proportions, rather than on detailed surface decoration. Earlier motifs were refined and were given a grander scale. While surface ornament still remained important, architects strove for a balance between decorated surfaces and empty spaces, allowing the interaction of light and shadows across carved surfaces to play a role.
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340:. The Almohad caliphs also constructed multiple country estates just outside the main cities where they resided, continuing a tradition that existed under the Almoravids. The best-known examples of these estates were centered around large water basins or reservoirs that sustained orchards of fruit trees and other plants. Some of them are referred to as
437:(for which the enormous unfinished mosque of the Hassan Tower was also intended). While never finished, this project created the current outer walls of the historic center of Rabat, along with multiple gates such as Bab er-Rouah and the ceremonial main gate of the Kasbah of the Udayas. In Seville, the Almohads built the
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rather than stone. These two materials were relatively cheap, readily available at most sites, and already widely used in the preceding centuries. Almohad architects refined both the manufacturing process of these materials and their on-site assembly, making the execution of numerous and ambitious
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in the southern/southeastern wall) and the aisle running along the qibla wall itself were usually wider than the others and were highlighted with distinctive arches and greater decoration. This layout, already present in
Almoravid mosques, is often referred to as the "T-plan" by art historians
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of
Marrakesh was particularly influential and set a style that was repeated, with minor elaborations, in the following Marinid period. The most famous minarets of this time, however, are the minarets of the Kutubiyya Mosque (begun in 1147 by
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in Rabat. These gates employed varying decorative motifs arranged in concentric semi-circles around the arch of the gate, all of which was in turn framed inside an outer rectangular band with other motifs. This style remained evident in
367:) in Granada, created in the late Almohad period and later remodeled by the Nasrids, stood next to an enormous pool on the outskirts of the city. A small ribat, consisting of a square hall covered by a sixteen-sided dome on
344:("little sea") in Arabic sources, likely in reference to these artificial lakes. Small palaces or pleasure pavilions were built on the edge of the reservoirs. In Marrakesh, the present-day
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of
Almohad mosques also established the standard form and style of subsequent minarets in the region, with a square base and two-tiered shaft covered in polylobed arch and
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arches inside mosques also evolved into richer and more monumental forms in the great ceremonial stone gates of
Almohad architecture such as Bab Agnaou in Marrakesh and
359:, founded in 1171, were excavated and partly restored in the 1970s. A similar garden estate was also created in Rabat but has not been found by archaeologists. The
336:, a large royal citadel and palace complex to house the caliph's family and administration. The main public entrance of this kasbah was the ornamental gate of
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In addition to continuing the integration of
Moroccan and Andalusi artistic traditions, some currents in Almohad architecture may also reflect influences from
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667:
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Orihuela, Antonio (2021). "From the
Private to the Public Space: Domestic and Urban Architecture of Islamic Granada". In Boloix-Gallardo, Bárbara (ed.).
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construction projects possible. According to scholar Felix Arnold, during the
Almohad period "construction became an industry on a scale not seen since
375:. Sunken gardens were also part of Almohad palace architecture. In some cases the gardens were divided symmetrically into four parts, much like a
233:) is the oldest surviving Almohad mosque (begun in 1142). Like earlier mosques in the region, Almohad mosques have interiors consisting of large
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The
Almohads were also prolific builders of fortifications and forts across their realm. They were responsible for building (or rebuilding) the
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423:, as well as many smaller forts and castles across Morocco and southern Spain and Portugal. In Rabat, Abd al-Mu'min built most of the current
95:, establishing many of the forms and motifs that were refined in subsequent centuries. The main sites of Almohad architecture and art include
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there), while Abu Yusuf Ya'qub al-Mansur embarked on the construction of a vast new capital and citadel on its south side called
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halls divided by rows of arches that create a repetitive visual effect. However, the aisle or "nave" leading towards the
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RÄ—klaitytÄ—, Ieva (2021). "The Rumor of Water: A Key
Element of Moorish Granada". In Boloix-Gallardo, Bárbara (ed.).
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in
Cordoba is believed to be an originally Almohad structure designed to defend the river and the city's
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mosques are often considered the prototypes of later Moroccan and Andalusi mosques, although the
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to cover rooms in military structures, as exemplified by Almohad-era constructions in the
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period preceding it, the Almohad period is considered one of the most formative stages of
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Maroc Almoravide et Almohade: Architecture et décors au temps des conquérants, 1055-1269
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La médina de Marrakech: Formation des espaces urbains d'une ancienne capitale du Maroc
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which dates from 1220 to 1221 and remains a landmark of the city today. Likewise, the
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gardens both developed from such Almohad creations. In Seville, the remains of the
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Architecture of the Islamic West: North Africa and the Iberian Peninsula, 700–1800
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garden. Examples of these have been found in several courtyards in the
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corresponds to a period from the 12th to early 13th centuries when the
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M. Bloom, Jonathan; S. Blair, Sheila, eds. (2009). "Architecture".
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Islamic Palace Architecture in the Western Mediterranean: A History
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Actas del Tercer Congreso Nacional de Historia de la ConstrucciĂłn
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and had also appeared in Andalusi architecture such as the
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in 1150–1151 (after having destroyed an earlier Almoravid
700:. Vol. 1. Oxford University Press. pp. 68–212.
126:
Example of Almohad decorative motifs in carved stone on
835:"BĂłvedas nervadas en el Castillo de Villena (Alicante)"
844:(in Spanish). Madrid, Sevilla, Granada. Archived from
822:. Edinburgh University Press. pp. 309–10, 322–25.
698:
The Grove Encyclopedia of Islamic Art and Architecture
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In general, Almohad architecture was built mostly in
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of Seville (part of a Great Mosque begun in 1171 by
134:Compared to the earlier Almoravid period and the
2039:
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728:. Rabat: Éditions Techniques Nord-Africaines.
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385:, where former Almohad palaces once stood.
304:" of Rabat (part of a huge mosque begun by
292:but subsequently rebuilt before 1195), the
248:(because the aisle running parallel to the
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551:. Paris: Arts et métiers graphiques.
181:continued to be standard elsewhere.
165:, have their earliest precedents in
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549:L'architecture musulmane d'Occident
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1925:Influences on Western architecture
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479:) and in later Moroccan gateways.
252:wall and the aisle leading to the
161:). Some Almohad elements, such as
111:, as well as important mosques in
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820:The Almoravid and Almohad Empires
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603:The Almoravid and Almohad Empires
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2008:
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475:gateways (e.g. the main gate of
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1894:Aga Khan Award for Architecture
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769:A Companion to Islamic Granada
742:A Companion to Islamic Granada
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726:Marrakech: Des origines Ă 1912
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493:The Almohads also made use of
308:in 1191 but never completed).
1:
833:FERRE DE MERLO, Luis (2000).
605:. Edinburgh University Press.
516:
55:(a large part of present-day
1986:Sudano-Sahelian architecture
7:
818:Bennison, Amira K. (2016).
772:. Brill. pp. 421–424.
672:. Oxford University Press.
638:Bloom, Jonathan M. (2020).
601:Bennison, Amira K. (2016).
283:motifs. The minaret of the
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1354:Islamic geometric patterns
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306:Abu Yusuf Ya'qub al-Mansur
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724:Deverdun, Gaston (1959).
547:Marçais, Georges (1954).
320:The south portico of the
213:(1148; now partly ruined)
1904:Museum with No Frontiers
642:. Yale University Press.
2015:Architecture portal
577:Salmon, Xavier (2018).
503:Great Mosque of Cordoba
300:), and the unfinished "
241:(niche symbolizing the
229:(later modified by the
39:ruled over the western
1920:Indo-Saracenic Revival
1320:(multicoloured ashlar)
797:. Paris: L'Harmattan.
745:. Brill. p. 461.
666:Arnold, Felix (2017).
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332:Al-Mansur created the
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1238:(or mĂĽezzin mahfili)
898:Islamic architecture
507:Bab al-Mardum Mosque
486:Ribbed vault in the
425:Kasbah of the Udayas
227:Great Mosque of Taza
167:Fatimid architecture
93:Moorish architecture
33:Almohad architecture
2018: •
2005: •
1991:Yemeni architecture
1976:Mughal architecture
1956:Berber architecture
1951:Arabic architecture
1615:Salsabil (fountain)
1349:Islamic calligraphy
851:on 11 December 2009
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1309:For overview, see
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679:978-0-19-062455-2
581:. Paris: LienArt.
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43:(present-day
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2019:
2006:
2003:Islamic arts
1783:Caravanserai
1308:
1262:Loudspeakers
1187:Persian dome
1149:Pointed arch
1007:
947:Indo-Islamic
937:Great Seljuk
853:. Retrieved
846:the original
841:
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302:Hassan Tower
280:darj wa ktaf
278:
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217:The Almohad
216:
186:rammed earth
183:
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82:
47:and western
32:
31:
1630:Windcatcher
1611:(courtyard)
1364:Mosque lamp
1344:Girih tiles
1301:Decorations
1179:Arabic dome
264:The Giralda
1913:Influences
1828:Well house
1599:Mashrabiya
1247:Hussainiya
1183:Onion dome
974:Indonesian
962:Qutb Shahi
855:14 October
517:References
464:Bab Oudaia
451:old bridge
409:city walls
398:Bab Agnaou
355:al-Buḥayra
342:al-Buḥayra
338:Bab Agnaou
144:al-Andalus
142:period in
128:Bab Oudaya
53:al-Andalus
1887:Resources
1650:Religious
1620:Shabestan
1578:Hypostyle
1560:Shadirvan
1329:Arabesque
1252:Imamzadeh
1217:Religious
1197:Semi-dome
1144:Ogee arch
1113:Chahartaq
1076:Materials
1003:Almoravid
978:Malaysian
373:hermitage
369:squinches
235:hypostyle
219:Kutubiyya
101:Marrakesh
85:Almoravid
69:Almoravid
26:Marrakesh
2042:Category
2001:Part of
1837:Military
1773:Baradari
1766:Civilian
1589:Jharokha
1550:Mechouar
1487:Charbagh
1430:Andaruni
1404:Socarrat
1369:Muqarnas
1267:Maqsurah
1159:Vaulting
1088:Tadelakt
1069:Elements
1018:Zayyanid
998:Aghlabid
505:and the
275:minarets
231:Marinids
197:times."
159:Ifriqiya
140:Caliphal
89:Moroccan
61:Portugal
37:Almohads
1935:Mudéjar
1899:ArchNet
1849:Alcázar
1722:Musalla
1707:Maqbara
1697:Madrasa
1687:KĂĽlliye
1682:Khanqah
1672:Gongbei
1571:cooling
1569:Passive
1535:Chhatri
1528:objects
1526:Outdoor
1475:Gardens
1451:Mirador
1389:Shabaka
1379:Qashani
1334:Banna'i
1277:Minaret
1219:objects
1209:(eaves)
1207:Chhajja
1154:Squinch
1055:Umayyad
1050:Timurid
1040:Swahili
1025:Ottoman
1008:Almohad
993:Moorish
983:Iranian
952:Bengali
932:Fatimid
927:Chinese
922:Ayyubid
912:Abbasid
477:Chellah
473:Marinid
413:Seville
324:in the
312:Palaces
294:Giralda
268:Seville
201:Mosques
155:Tunisia
151:Algeria
109:Seville
79:General
49:Algeria
45:Morocco
41:Maghreb
1859:Kasbah
1808:Kasbah
1798:Hammam
1793:Ghorfa
1778:Bazaar
1757:Zawiya
1746:takyeh
1717:Mosque
1667:Dargah
1594:Kucheh
1540:Eidgah
1466:Zenana
1414:Zellij
1399:Sitara
1394:Shamsa
1282:Minbar
1272:Mihrab
1257:Kiswah
1242:Gonbad
1106:Arches
1060:Yemeni
1030:Somali
1013:Hafsid
988:Mamluk
967:Mughal
957:Deccan
905:Styles
801:
776:
749:
704:
676:
511:Toledo
459:mihrab
419:, and
357:garden
350:Menara
254:mihrab
239:mihrab
223:Tinmal
136:Taifas
117:Tinmel
107:, and
51:) and
1874:Ribat
1869:Qalat
1854:Amsar
1813:Mahal
1752:TĂĽrbe
1742:Takya
1737:Surau
1732:Rauza
1727:Qubba
1712:Mazar
1702:Maqam
1643:Types
1555:Sebil
1445:Liwan
1435:Harem
1423:Rooms
1339:Girih
1324:Alfiz
1318:Ablaq
1292:Zarih
1287:Qibla
1236:Dikka
1231:Bedug
1226:Anaza
1202:Tajug
1168:Roofs
1083:Qadad
1045:Tatar
942:Hausa
849:(pdf)
838:(PDF)
430:ribat
378:riyad
346:Agdal
250:qibla
244:qibla
195:Roman
190:brick
171:Egypt
105:Rabat
57:Spain
1864:Ksar
1823:Souq
1744:(or
1609:Sahn
1583:Howz
1545:Fina
1517:Riad
1482:Bagh
1461:Qa’a
1456:Hosh
1440:Iwan
1359:Jali
1175:Dome
857:2009
799:ISBN
774:ISBN
747:ISBN
702:ISBN
674:ISBN
466:and
421:Taza
348:and
273:The
221:and
188:and
153:and
115:and
113:Taza
91:and
20:The
509:in
417:Fes
266:in
138:or
97:Fes
24:in
2044::
1189:/
1185:/
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716:^
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119:.
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1314:)
1307:(
1193:)
1177:(
890:e
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876:v
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807:.
782:.
755:.
710:.
682:.
157:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
