180:, it designates the rural Jews who had remained in the land while the aristocratic and priestly classes were deported to exile in Babylonia. In the view of Magnar Kartveit (2009), the terms used in Ezra and Nehemiah may not be precise in their distinctions; there may be implication that the "people of the land" (Ezra 4:4) had intermarried with the "peoples of the lands" (Ezra 9:1
419:- 2003 Page 124 "Rabbinic sources use the term am ha'arets, literally "people of the land," to refer to nonrabbinic or uneducated Jews. This term derives from the biblical books of Ezra and Nehemiah, where it designates the Israelites who had remained in Judea when the aristocracy were deported to Babylonia during the first exile.1."
172:, "Then the people of the land weakened the hands of the people of Judah, and troubled them in building". It is unclear whether the term refers to the people of Judah who remained behind and adopted syncretistic views or to non-Hebrews. Rubenstein (2003) considers that in the
320:- a term used to describe someone scrupulous enough in Jewish law (namely laws of ritual purity and tithes) for an observant Jews of Second temple times to eat by their house. It too later evolved into a term to describe Torah knowledge - in this case a high degree of it.
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applies "the people of Land" to uneducated Jews, who were deemed likely to be negligent in their observance of the commandments due to their ignorance, and the term combines the meanings of "rustic" with those of "boorish, uncivilized, ignorant".
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The Am Ha-aretz, The
Ancient Hebrew Parliament: A Chapter In The Constitutional History Of Ancient Israel
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Magnar
Kartveit The origin of the Samaritans Vetus Testamentum Supplements - VTS 128 by Magnar Kartveit
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584:, vol. 8 of Arbeiten zur Literatur und Geschichte des hellenistischen Judentums, Brill Archive, 1977,
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In the Tanakh, the term "the people of the land" refers to a special social group or caste within the
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The ʻam ha-aretz: a study in the social history of the Jewish people in the
Hellenistic-Roman period
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is compared to the crossbreeding of grapevine with wild wine, which is "unseemly and disagreeable".
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Demai 2:3, 6:9, 6:12; Shviit 5:9; Gittin 5:9; Taharot 7:4; etc.
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10.1093/acref/9780192800886.001.0001/acref-9780192800886-e-28
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History Of The Jewish People Volume 1 - Second Temple Era
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are denounced in a very late and exceptional passage in
447:"www.thejc.com/judaism/jewish-words/am-ha-aretz-1.5776"
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53:'people of the Land') is a term found in the
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232:, as opposed to the learned factions of the
228:were the uneducated rustic population of
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23:ʽAm haʼaretz
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83:Late Biblical Hebrew
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374:References
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129:or עמרצים
338:"non-Jew"
276:chachamim
238:Sadducees
234:Pharisees
222:Roman era
155:Canaanite
131:amaratzim
123:Yeshivish
37:romanized
396:Ezra 4:4
324:See also
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