1904:
1980:
1940:
1699:
2006:
1771:
988:. This expansion served as a cohesive force, binding together the disparate elements of the larger Ethiopian polity. This cohesion proved crucial for the Ethiopian state as it engaged in the process of modern nation-building in the 19th century, thereby preserving its independence against potential threats from European colonial powers. Additionally, it facilitated various modernizing initiatives, including the abolition of the slave trade, the implementation of new communication and transportation systems, the establishment of schools and hospitals, and the creation of modern government institutions.
2024:
4875:, Volume 38, Number 3, Cambridge University Press, pp. 258, 259–267, Quote: "Weavers tend to be the least and tanners the most frequently despised. In many cases such groups are said to have a different, more negroid appearance than their superiors. There are some instances where these groups have a religious basis, as with the Moslems and Falashas in Amhara areas. We frequently find that the despised classes are forbidden to own land, or have anything to do with agricultural activities, or with cattle. Commensality and marriage with their superiors seem also to be generally forbidden them."
1369:
1003:
1352:
1648:
178:
1922:
1793:
1437:
921:
650:"By 800, Axum had almost ceased to exist, and its demographic resources were barely adequate to stop the once tributary pastoralists of the border marches from pillaging the defenseless countryside." With some of the common people the Axumite elite abandoned Axum in favor of central Ethiopia. Christian families gradually migrated southward into Amhara and northern Shewa. Population movement from the old provinces in the north into more fertile areas in the south seems to have been connected to the southward shift of the kingdom.
1682:
138:
1717:
1420:
2051:
1147:
1958:
1335:
1318:
158:
1243:
118:
1386:
8363:
7644:
1403:
98:
8307:
7588:
198:
1735:
1036:(meaning "slave" in Amharic), they were captured during slave raids in Ethiopia's southern hinterland. War captives were another source of slaves, but the perception, treatment and duties of these prisoners was markedly different. According to Levine, the widespread slavery in Greater Ethiopia formally ended in the 1930s, but former slaves, their offspring, and de facto slaves continued to hold similar positions in the social hierarchy.
2127:
Boorana (Boräna), Guğği, Mäč̣č̣a and the like. Even so, Amharic-speaking Šäwans still feel themselves closer to non-Amharic-speaking Šäwans than to
Amharic-speakers from distant regions like Gondär and there are few members of the Šäwan nobility who do not have Oromo genealogical links". According to Takkele Taddese, Amharic-speakers tend to be a "supra-ethnic group" composed of "fused stock". Taddese describes the Amhara as follows:
1753:
75:
758:
6217:
1665:
560:
2111:, Siegfried Pausewang concluded in 2005 that "the term Amhara relates in contemporary Ethiopia to two different and distinct social groups. The ethnic group of the Amhara, mostly a peasant population, is different from a mixed group of urban people coming from different ethnic background, who have adopted Amharic as a common language and identify themselves as Ethiopians".
699:
5660:) obliges the husband to pay housekeeper's wages for a period stated in advance. (...) The contract, although oral, was before witnesses and was therefore enforceable by court order. The wife had no right of inheritance, but if children were conceived during the contract period, they could make a claim for part of the father's property, should he die."
1814:
individual matter. For example, states Donald Levine, the influence of clergy among the Amhara has been based on "ritual purity, doctrinal knowledge, ability to perform miracles and capacity to provide moral guidance". The social relationships in the Amhara culture are predominantly based on hierarchical patterns and individualistic associations.
1226:, with men marrying in their late teens or early twenties. Traditionally, girls were married as young as 14, but in the 20th century, the minimum age was raised to 18, and this was enforced by the Imperial government. After a church wedding, divorce is frowned upon. Each family hosts a separate wedding feast after the wedding.
1044:
occupationally closed social stratification among the
Amharas and other Afro-Asiatic-speaking Ethiopian ethnic groups. Some label it as an economically closed, endogamous class system with occupational minorities, whereas others such as David Todd assert that this system can be unequivocally labelled as caste-based.
1859:(shared food basket), with each person breaking off pieces of injera flatbread using only the right hand, from the side nearest them and dipping it into stew in the center of the basket. There is also a great variety of vegetarian stews such as lentils, ground split peas, grains, accompanied by injera and/or bread.
1979:
2126:
According to ethnographer Donald Levine, writing in 2003 and citing
Christopher Clapham, "Only in the last quarter of the 20th cent. has the term come to be a common ethnic appellation, comparable to the way in which Oromo has become generalized to cover peoples who long knew themselves primarily as
2114:
In a 2017 article, historian Brian J. Yates notes that some "scholars and politicians have attempted to sketch out what an Amhara is, but there are considerable divergences on the nature of this identity. Some argue that it is a cultural identity; however, much of the scholarship indicates that it is
2091:
Mackonen
Michael (2008) noted that the Amhara identity is claimed to be composed of multiple ethnicities by some, whereas others "reject this concept and argue that Amhara exists as a distinctive ethnic group with a specific located boundary". He further noted that "although people from the Ethiopian
1804:
Amhara art is typified by religious paintings. One of the notable features of these is the large eyes of the subjects, who are usually biblical figures. It is usually oil on canvas or hide, some surviving from the Middle Ages. The Amhara art includes weaved products embellished with embroidery. Works
846:
Despite every work on
Ethiopia stressing the political dominance of the Amhara people in the history of the Ethiopian Christian empire. In both Christian and Muslim written traditions up to the 19th century, and in the Ethiopian chronicles of the 14th to 18th centuries, the term "Amhara" is a region,
2122:
Writing in 1998, Tegegne Teka wrote that "the Amhara do not possess what people usually refer to as objective ethnic markers: common ancestry, territory, religion and shared experience except the language. The Amhara have no claims to a common ancestry. They do not share the same sentiments and they
2118:
Solomon Gashaw asserts that "there is no intra-Amhara ethnic consciousness, except among northern settlers in southern
Ethiopia". He notes that most Amharic-speaking people identify by their place of birth. He asks, "what is Amhara domination?", answering: "It is a linguistic and cultural domination
2095:
According to Gideon P. E. Cohen, writing in 2000, there is some debate about "whether the Amhara can legitimately be regarded as an ethnic group, given their distribution throughout
Ethiopia, and the incorporative capacity of the group that has led to the inclusion of individuals from a wide range
1862:
Amharas adhering to any of the
Abrahmic religions do not eat pork or shellfish of any kind for religious reasons. Amhara Orthodox Christians do not consume meat and dairy products (i.e. egg, butter, milk, and cheese) during specific fasting periods, and on every Wednesdays and Fridays except the 50
2131:
The Amhara can thus be said to exist in the sense of being a fused stock, a supra-ethnically conscious ethnic
Ethiopian serving as the pot in which all the other ethnic groups are supposed to melt. The language, Amharic, serves as the center of this melting process although it is difficult to
1813:
The Amhara culture recognizes kinship, but unlike other ethnic groups in the Horn of Africa region, it has a lesser role. Household relationships are primary, and the major economic, political and cultural functions are not based on kin relationships among the
Amharas. Rather abilities of the
2136:
philosophy and ideology as has been presented by the elite politicians. The basic principle of those who affirm the existence of the Amhara as a distinct ethnic group, therefore, is that the Amhara should be dislodged from the position of supremacy and each ethnic group should be freed from
1043:
of people ranked higher than slaves was based on the following concepts: (1) endogamy, (2) hierarchical status, (3) restraints on commensality, (4) pollution concepts, (5) traditional occupation, and (6) inherited caste membership. Scholars accept that there has been a rigid, endogamous and
1086:
group. As of 2018 it had more than 57 million speakers worldwide (32,345,260 native speakers plus 25,100,000 second language speakers), making it the most commonly-spoken language in Ethiopia in terms of first- and second-language speakers, and the second most spoken Semitic language after
4952:, Quote: "As Herbert Lewis has observed, if the term caste can be used for any social formation outside of the Indian context, it can be applied as appropriately to those Ethiopian groups otherwise known as 'submerged classes', 'pariah groups' and 'outcastes' as to any Indian case.";
1018:-speaking populations, there were four basic strata. According to the Donald Levine, these consisted of high-ranking clans, low-ranking clans, caste groups (artisans), and slaves. Slaves or rather servants were at the bottom of the hierarchy, and were primarily drawn from the pagan
1101:
Amharic is the working language of the federal authorities of the Ethiopian government, and one of the five official languages of Ethiopia. It was for some time also the sole language of primary school instruction, but has been replaced in many areas by regional languages such as
2261:, the young have no problem pronouncing their Amhara identity, advocating for the protection and advancement of the rights and interests of their ethnic kin within the framework of the multi-nation state, and organizing politically along that particular ethnic identity".
2166:
which is a respected tribe; from it come the heads of the Ethiopian people, the governors, the military commanders, the judges and the advisers of the King of Ethiopia who appoint and dismiss, command and rule in the name of the King, his governors, and grandees.
1576:
regime (1974-1991) led to censorship of music; night life came to a standstill through government imposed curfews and the curbing of musical performances. Notable Ethiopian musicians were jailed including those of Amhara descent such as Ayalew Mesfin and
4862:, Quote: "Interestingly enough, while slaves and ex-slaves could 'integrate' into the larger society with relative ease, this was virtually impossible for the occupational minorities ('castes') up until very recently, in a good many cases to this day."
2132:
conceive of a language without the existence of a corresponding distinct ethnic group speaking it as a mother tongue. The Amhara does not exist, however, in the sense of being a distinct ethnic group promoting its own interests and advancing the
2096:
of ethnic or linguistic backgrounds". Similarly, Tezera Tazebew notes that "the early 1990s was marked by debates, both popular and scholarly, on the (non-)existence of Amhara as a distinct ethnic group", giving the debate between the academic
2370:
was found at 35.4% among the 48 sampled Amhara in a study. However, other studies have found an almost equal representation of E1b1b at approximately 57% in both the 25 Oromo and the 34 Amhara individuals. The second most prevalent lineage
952:, royal capital for the Ethiopian polity from the 1630s to the mid-19th century. Within the broader territory of Amharic speakers, certain regions developed into autonomous political centers. To the south, beyond Lake Tana, the province of
1829:, which is solemnized in church, where divorce is forbidden, and usually observed among the orthodox priests. Patrilineal descent is the norm. While the wife had no inheritance rights, in case a child was conceived during the temporary
2254:; but most ordinary people are yet to fully embrace it, not least because of the lack of any effectively articulated ideological foundation or priorities and the absence of any 'tailor-made' solutions to the challenges facing them".
1903:
1617:(1991-2018) continued; with prevailing themes being rampant corruption, economic favoritism, excessive emphasis on ethnic identity and its ability to undermine national unity. Amharic musicians; such as Getish Mamo, Nhatty Man,
983:
Through their control of the political center of Ethiopian society and via assimilation, conquests, and intermarriages, the Amhara have spread their language and many customs well beyond the borders of their primary homeland in
5248:
5191:
Ludolf, Hiob. 1682. A New History of Ethiopia. Being a Full and Accurate Description of the Kingdom of Abyssinia, Vulgarly, Though Erroneously Called the Empire of Prester John. Translated by J. P. Gent. London: Samuel Smith
803:
referring to him as the Lord of Amhara, "The Hatse, the Abyssinian king, the infidel and the Lord of the Amhara in Abyssinia died (in this year). His estates were much enlarged after wars waged and led by him against Sultan
5073:
1229:
Upon childbirth, a priest will visit the family to bless the infant. The mother and child remain in the house for 40 days after birth for physical and emotional strength. The infant will be taken to the church for
3445:
1625:
and used layered expression to evade skirt stringent censorship and oppressive laws (such as the anti-terror law) while reminding the people of their similarities and the importance of maintaining solidarity.
3841:
The Life of Takla Haymanot in the Version of Dabra Libanos and the Miracles of Takla Haymanot in the Version of Dabra Libanos, and the Book of the Riches of Kings. Translated by E. A. Wallis Budge. London
2092:
highland areas think of themselves as Amharas, the Northern Shoans specifically call themselves Amhara. That is why the Oromo and Tigrian discourse associate the Northern Shoans as oppressive-Amharas."
4981:, Quote (p. 509): "In virtually every Cushitic group there are endogamous castes based on occupational specialization (such caste groups are also found, to some extent, among the Ethiopian Semites).".
1939:
1855:, a large sourdough flatbread made of teff flour in the shape of pancakes usually of about 30 to 45 cm in diameter. When eating traditional injera dishes in groups, it's normally it eaten from a
2123:
have no mutual interests based on shared understandings. It is, therefore, difficult to conclude that the Amhara belong to an ethnic group. But this does not mean that there is no Amhara identity".
643:, as well as to the north-east of Ancharo (Chiqa Beret). The decorations and symbols which are inscribed on the pottery substantiate the expansion of Aksumite civilization to the south of Angot.
1311:, Africa's first scripted play. Since then countless literature in Amharic has been published and many modern-day writers in Amharic translate their work into English for commercial reasons.
744:, and therefore, their followers were called "Amhara" and brought this new name with them when they conquered new lands. Characterized by a Christian feudal culture, and by the adoption of
5405:
4762:(negroids) were far cheaper as they were destined mostly for hard work around the house and in the field... While in the houses of the brokers, the slaves were on the whole well treated.
1603:) was used for subversive dialogue and resistance to state censorship. Thousands of Ethiopians including musicians migrated during this period to form communities in different countries.
3428:
391:
branch which serves as the main and one of the five official languages of Ethiopia. As of 2018, Amharic has over 32 million native speakers and 25 million second language speakers.
2305:. Mistrust between the Amhara people and Abiy Ahmed's Prosperity Party heightened when Abiy Ahmed made the surprise decision to retreat from Tigray on July 1, 2021, leading to the
2359:
Studies comparing blood oxygenation in Amharas to nearby lowlands populations, and to the Andeans and Tibetans showed unique adaptations to living in a high altitude environment.
3607:
847:
not an ethnonym. In pre-17th century Ethiopia, Amhara was described as the heartland of the Empire and the cradle of the monarchy. Medieval European maps suggest that within the
6679:
Hubert Jules Deschamps, (sous la direction). Histoire générale de l'Afrique noire de Madagascar et de ses archipels Tome I : Des origines à 1800. p. 406 P.U.F Paris (1970)
2339:, for the past decade has caused widespread outrage around the Amhara region. This wave of violence has led to more Amharas turning towards Amhara nationalism to seek justice.
2023:
1219:
are the most important celebrations, marked with services, feasting and dancing. There are also many feast days throughout the year, when only vegetables or fish may be eaten.
5070:
3566:
United States Census Bureau 2009–2013, Detailed Languages Spoken at Home and Ability to Speak English for the Population 5 Years and Over: 2009–2013, USCB, 30 November 2016,
1870:
Ethiopia is a Buna (coffee) exporter, but also has a very large domestic consumer base. During social gatherings Amharas drink Buna in a unique and traditional way known as a
5845:
Cohen, Gideon P. E. (2000). "Language and Ethnic Boundaries: Perceptions of Identity Expressed through Attitudes towards the Use of Language Education in Southern Ethiopia".
6429:"Origin, Diffusion, and Differentiation of Y-Chromosome Haplogroups E and J: Inferences on the Neolithization of Europe and Later Migratory Events in the Mediterranean Area"
1957:
1994:
stew, served with a variety of vegetables, there are several variations. This example is served potatoes, beets, apple, salad, paprika and rice atop of injera. A popular
728:, and established the Solomonic Dynasty in 1270 AD. Yekuno's rule was legitimatized by the Ethiopian Church, after he defeated the last ruler of the Zagwe dynasty at the
628:. Several other sites and monuments indicate the presence of similar Axumite influences in the area, such as the Geta Lion statues, which are located 10 km south of
3449:
1308:
3515:
The Horn of Africa encompasses the countries of Ethiopia, Eritrea, Djibouti and Somalia. These countries share similar peoples, languages, and geographical endowments.
653:
The Christianization of Amhara is believed to have begun somewhere during the Aksumite period. The political importance of Amhara further increased after the fall of
2242:
Zola Moges notes the emergence of Amhara nationalism and ethnic consciousness with origins in the early 1990s but taking clearer shape with the establishment of the
6865:
1123:
6855:
Vitae Sanctorum Indigenarum: I Acta S. Walatta Petros, Ii Miracula S. Zara-Baruk, edited by Carlo Conti Rossini and C. Jaeger Louvain: L. Durbecq, 1954, pg. 62.
6754:
2320:
further severed their relationship with the Amhara Fano when they forced the Fano to disarm after the end of the Tigray war resulting in the beginning of the
2257:
Amanuel Tesfaye writes that: "While the older Amhara population still detest ethnic identification and ethnic forms of political organization, preferring pan-
1881:
The ceremony is typically performed by the woman of the household, or the female host and is considered an honor. Amhara women dress up for the occasion in a
1289:
co-authored the earliest grammar book of the Amharic language, an Amharic-Latin dictionary, as well as contributing to Ludolf's book "A History of Ethiopia".
1610:
471:
and others. Some time before the 1st century AD, the North and South branches of Ethio-Semitic diverged. Due to the social stratification of the time, the
5237:
Admassu, Yonas. 2003. "Afäwarq Gäbrä Iyäsus." In Encyclopaedia Aethiopica: A-C: Vol. 1, edited by Siegbert Uhlig, 122–124. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag.
486:. The proto-Amhara, or the northernmost South Ethio-Semitic speakers, remained in constant contact with their North Ethio-Semitic neighbors, evidenced by
7792:
7073:
425:
of the Amhara as a people, dates to the early 12th century in the middle of the Zagwe Dynasty, when the Amhara were recorded of being in conflict in the
6230:
Pickrell, Joseph K.; Patterson, Nick; Loh, Po-Ru; Lipson, Mark; Berger, Bonnie; Stoneking, Mark; Pakendorf, Brigitte; Reich, David (18 February 2014).
771:
Around this time, Medieval Arab historians state that Christian Ethiopia was under the sovereignty of "the Lord of Amhara" which confirms that the new
1921:
6564:
6476:
5413:
3783:
3398:
364:. According to the 2007 national census, Amharas numbered 19,867,817 individuals, comprising 26.9% of Ethiopia's population, and they are mostly
6139:
4419:
8106:
7387:
5948:
Yates, Brian J. (2017). "Ethnicity as a Hindrance for Understanding Ethiopian History: An Argument Against an Ethnic Late Nineteenth Century".
394:
The Amhara and neighboring groups in North and Central Ethiopia and Eritrea, more specifically the diaspora refer to themselves as "Habesha" (
6609:
4830:, who are potters and leather craftsmen and considered 'unclean' in the usual northern or Amhara understanding of caste distinction; and the
3425:
1518:, a large ten-string lyre; is an important instrument solely devoted to the spiritual part of Amhara music. Other instruments includes the
498:
sourced lexicon in Amharic. By about the 9th century AD, there was a linguistically distinct ethnic group called the Amhara in the area of
5201:
Uhlig, Siegbert. 2005. "Gorgoryos." In Encyclopaedia Aethiopica: D-Ha: Vol. 2, edited by Siegbert Uhlig, 855–856. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz.
5089:
Danver, Steven Laurence. Native Peoples of the World. 1st ed. Armonk, NY: Sharpe Reference, an imprint of M.E. Sharpe, Inc., 2013. Print.
1641:. In his song he tries to vent the suppressed public anger and indignation, the swelling public resentment to the chaos in the country.
5099:
3611:
3424:
Australian Bureau of Statistics 2014, The People of Australia Statistics from the 2011 Census, Cat. no. 2901.0, ABS, 30 November 2016,
3164:
1698:
5247:
Plastow, Jane (2010). "The First African Play: Fabula Yawreoch Commedia & its influence on the development of Ethiopian Theatre".
1770:
8287:
7568:
7742:
7023:
1539:
and the availability of larger quantities of new instruments led to new genre's of Amharic music and ushered in the 1960s and 1970s
3682:
1368:
5435:
3853:
3255:, is a renowned lawyer and disability rights activist from Amhara Saint, Bete-Amhara (Wello now), Amhara regional state, Ethiopia.
7785:
7066:
4533:
Pankhurst, Richard (1986). "Fear God, Honor the King: The Use of Biblical Allusions in Ethiopian Historical Literature, Part I".
1871:
7679:
6689:
6116:
5212:
5009:, Quote: "Ethiopia has, until fairly recently, been a rigid feudal society with finely grained perceptions of class and caste".
1458:
6654:
3928:
3325:
1851:
Amhara cuisine consists of various vegetable or spicy meat side dishes and entrées, usually a wat, or thick stew, served atop
6955:
6923:
6892:
6664:
6099:
6060:
6017:
5992:
5740:
5649:
5604:
5222:
5055:
5002:
4945:
4855:
4785:
4751:
4701:
4674:
4509:
4454:
4429:
4279:
4239:
4206:
4171:
4146:
4121:
4088:
4063:
4005:
3963:
3938:
3908:
3865:
3793:
3753:
3726:
3692:
3590:
3551:
2005:
6417:
Phylogeographic Analysis of Haplogroup E3b (E-M215) Y Chromosomes Reveals Multiple Migratory Events Within and Out Of Africa
932:
The Amhara monarchs moved continuously from region to region, showing a particular preference for the southernly regions of
831:
in Shewa also began to adopt Amharic and assimilate into Amhara society. By the end of the 16th century, the populations of
6308:
3376:
1351:
1212:
3471:
1436:
6410:
4690:
Hoben, Allan (1970). "Social Stratification in Traditional Amhara Society". In Arthur Tuden and Leonard Plotnicov (ed.).
2306:
2274:
1265:
Surviving Amharic literary works dates back to the 14th century, when songs and poems were composed. In the 17th century
4581:
1878:(coffee pot) with boiling water. When ready it is then served to people in little cups, up to three times per ceremony.
1867:. On all other days meat and dairy products are allowed. A variety of vegan dishes are consumed during fasting periods.
8406:
7778:
7059:
2565:
1177:
1161:
369:
235:
17:
7728:
7713:
7009:
6994:
5258:
3508:
2785:
780:
5453:
4196:
3995:
2062:. The reason given is: the rise of Amhara ethnic nationalism and the resultant growth of ethnic identification. See
6719:
6569:
Identity Jilted, Or, Re-imagining Identity?: The Divergent Paths of the Eritrean and Tigrayan Nationalist Struggles
5730:
2317:
1647:
1561:
into an genre in the 1950s before joining the Ethio-Jazz scene later in his career. Other Amharic artists from the
4871:
Christopher R. Hallpike (2012, Original: 1968), "The status of craftsmen among the Konso of south-west Ethiopia",
3768:
Goitom, M. (2017) "Unconventional Canadians": Second-generation "Habesha" Youth and Belonging in Toronto, Canada.
3361:
1419:
620:
Evidence of a traceable Christian Aksumite presence in Amhara dates back to at least the 9th century AD, when the
5579:
2723:
2649:
1334:
1201:
657:, which marked the shift of the political center of the Christian Ethiopian state from Aksum in the north to the
478:
adopted the South Semitic language and mixed with the Semitic population. Amharic thus developed with a Cushitic
6635:
2352:
Research shows that Amharas have a mixture of a type of native African ancestry unique and autochthonous to the
2285:
which were forcefully annexed and ethnically cleansed into Tigray by the TPLF in 1991. The joint militias from
1467:
Up until the mid 20th century, Amharic music consisted mainly of religious and secular folk songs and dances.
997:
673:
5128:
4743:
Ethiopia: the era of the princes: the challenge of Islam and re-unification of the Christian Empire, 1769–1855
3500:
Institutional Change in the Horn of Africa: The Allocation of Property Rights and Implications for Development
1681:
1473:
Amhara secular folk music developed in the countryside through the use of traditionel instruments such as the
709:, "Amda Seyon was one of the most outstanding Ethiopian kings of any age and a singular figure dominating the
8280:
7561:
6828:
J. Spencer Trimingham, Islam in Ethiopia (Oxford: Geoffrey Cumberlege for the University Press, 1952), p. 74.
6334:
2660:
1716:
1540:
632:, and are believed to date back to the 3rd century AD, though they may even date back to pre-Axumite times.
6583:
3200:
3149:
1374:
1304:
1292:
Modern literature in Amharic however, started two centuries later than in Europe, with the Amharic fiction
765:
494:
and the ensuing integration and Christianization of the proto-Amhara also resulted in a high prevalence of
5490:
3567:
8229:
7510:
4612:
2375:, has been found to exist at levels as high as 35.4% in 39 sampled Amhara, of which 33.3% is of the type
2243:
1569:, Bahru Kegne, Kassa Tessema and Mary Armede were renowned for their mastery of traditionel instruments.
1317:
1083:
460:
345:
292:
6051:
Taddese, Takkele (1994). "Do the Amhara Exist as a Distinct Ethnic Group?". In Marcus, Harold G. (ed.).
3426:
https://www.border.gov.au/ReportsandPublications/Documents/research/people-australia-2013-statistics.pdf
2313:
marching thorough cities in North Gonder, North Wollo, and Wag Hemra causing mass rape and destruction.
1914:
A stew dish served with beef, lamb, chicken, eggs and variety of vegetables, on top of Injera flatbread.
8362:
8239:
7643:
7520:
6008:
Teka, Tegegne (1998). "Amhara ethnicity in the making". In Salih, M.A. Mohamed; Markakis, John (eds.).
365:
5503:
Shelemay, 2022, Sing and Sing On: Sentinel Musicians and the Making of the Ethiopian American Diaspora
5046:
Teferra, Anbessa (2018). "Hebraized Amharic in Israel". In Hary, Benjamin; Bunin Benor, Sarah (eds.).
5018:
Central Statistical Agency. 2010. Population and Housing Census 2007 Report, National. Available at:
4758:
There was a clear distinction between 'red' and 'black' slaves, Hamitic and negroid respectively; the
1402:
1385:
7801:
7082:
1094:
Most of the Ethiopian Jewish communities in Ethiopia and Israel speak Amharic. Many followers of the
928:
from the German-born missionary, Johann Martin Flad, who was one of the European prisoners at Magdala
680:(lit. "language of the king") as well as fill the Amhara nobles in the top positions of his Kingdom.
5390:
8401:
8273:
7554:
2367:
1173:
1115:
933:
6613:
6359:
Semino O, Santachiara-Benerecetti AS, Falaschi F, Cavalli-Sforza LL, Underhill PA (January 2002).
1734:
725:
8352:
7633:
6053:
New Trends in Ethiopian Studies: Papers of the 12th International Conference of Ethiopian Studies
5983:
Gashaw, Solomon (1993). "Nationalism and Ethnic Conflict in Ethiopia". In Young, Crawford (ed.).
4920:
Dave Todd (1978), "The origins of outcastes in Ethiopia: reflections on an evolutionary theory",
2141:
to have equal status with everybody else. This sense of Amhara existence can be viewed as a myth.
2108:
1260:
1040:
479:
317:
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5469:
Proceedings of the XVth International Conference of Ethiopian Studies, Hamburg, July 20-25, 2003
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4367:
Butzer, Karl W. (1981). "Rise and Fall of Axum, Ethiopia: A Geo-Archaeological Interpretation".
8120:
7401:
5385:
5301:
2273:. Civilian's from the Amhara and Agew ethnic groups took up arms to defend the region from the
1950:
Grilled beef with tomato, onions and green pepper. There are several variations of Tibs dishes.
1752:
1079:
1015:
6788:
4834:, the traditional hunters and eaters of 'unclean' foods – hippopotamus, monkey and crocodile."
4337:
4306:"Le lion de Kombolcha et le léopard d'Aksum : des félins rupestres paléochrétiens ?"
4269:
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823:, they increasingly succumbed to Amhara acculturation. Other South Semitic speakers like the
5103:
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In 1998, ancient pieces of pottery were found around tombs in Atatiya in Southern Wollo, in
585:
was composed of several provinces which had little or no autonomy, these provinces included
490:
analysis and oral traditions. A 7th century southward shift of the center of gravity of the
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6253:
6163:
6085:
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Briggs, P. and Wildman, K. (2014). Ethiopia. Chalfont St Peter: Bradt Travel Guides, p.357.
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movement learn Amharic as a second language, as they consider it to be a sacred language.
8:
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6140:"Commentary: The Birth of Amhara Nationalism: Causes, Aspirations, and Potential Impacts"
3296:
3252:
1181:
914:
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554:
357:
27:
This article is about the African ethnic group. For the South American ethnic group, see
6257:
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4114:
Understanding Contemporary Ethiopia: Monarchy, Revolution and the Legacy of Meles Zenawi
2068:
Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
2034:
Amhara coffee culture & hospitality. Young woman in traditional wear serving coffee.
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1074:. Its native speakers account for 29.3% of the Ethiopian population. It belongs to the
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James Bruce, Travels to Discover the Source of the Nile (1805 edition), vol. 3 pp. 93f
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6094:. Translated by Seltzer, Richard. Lawrenceville, NJ: Red Sea Press. pp. 345–346.
2250:
ethnic militias in the 2010s. Moges writes that a "younger generation has adopted its
2107:
Due to large amounts of assimilation into the northern Amhara culture after Ethiopian
754:. This population of a rather small province became the dominant group in the empire.
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6361:"Ethiopians and Khoisan Share the Deepest Clades of the Human Y-Chromosome Phylogeny"
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Taddesse Tamrat, Church and State in Ethiopia (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1972), p. 36.
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5214:
Lexicon Grammaticorum: A bio-bibliographical companion to the history of linguistics
5178:
4976:
4955:
Lewis, Herbert S. (2006). "Historical problems in Ethiopia and the Horn of Africa".
3832:
Taddesse Tamrat, Church and State in Ethiopia (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1972), p. 81
8188:
8013:
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3152:, pioneer of Ethiopian and African theater, also military commander and politician.
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2162:
As to my origins, do not imagine, my friend, that they are humble, for I am of the
2138:
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qañat of the Amhara combined with the use of Western instruments. Saxophone legend
957:
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Jason A. Hodgson; Connie J. Mulligan; Ali Al-Meeri; Ryan L. Raaum (12 June 2014).
4563:
Zagwe dynasty | Solomonic dynasty, Lalibela, Axumite Empire | Britannica
1825:), which has been most common and allows divorce. Other forms of marriage include
8296:
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became the center for the development of a political dynasty culminating in King
796:
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284:
80:
6481:
Abyssinia's Samuel Johnson: Ethiopian Thought in the Making of an English Author
3333:
Summary and Statistical Report of the 2007 Population and Housing Census Results
1805:
in gold and silver exist in the form of filigree jewelry and religious emblems.
573:"Amhara" was historically a medieval province located in the modern province of
8148:
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8031:
7939:
7684:
7429:
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7312:
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6911:
6870:
Peasant Revolution in Ethiopia: The Tigray People's Liberation Front, 1975–1991
5302:"Investigating qәñәt in Amhara secular music: An acoustic and historical study"
3291:
3206:
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2889:
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until the political upheavals of the 16th century, after which the province of
878:
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511:
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They are also found within the Ethiopian expatriate community, particularly in
268:
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1299:, published in Rome in 1908, widely considered the first novel in Amharic, by
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851:, Amhara had a higher position as a "kingdom" among provinces. The Italian (
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7142:
7137:
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6539:
6462:
6394:
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6206:; Supplementary Text S1: Affinities of the Ethio-Somali ancestry component
6201:
4353:
3881:
Edzard, Lutz (2019). "Amharic". In John Huehnergard; Naʽama Pat-El (eds.).
3745:
Rebels and Separatists in Ethiopia: Regional Resistance to a Marxist Regime
3237:
3212:
3112:
3090:
2877:
2717:
2711:
2633:
2575:
2555:
2549:
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The cultural contact and interaction between the Amhara and the indigenous
741:
717:
702:
614:
563:
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36:
Semitic-speaking ethnic group native to Ethiopia in the Ethiopian Highlands
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7225:
7177:
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7112:
7107:
6982:
6887:(3rd ed.). Jefferson, NC, USA: McFarland & Company. p. 93.
4271:
A History of Ethiopia: Volume I (Routledge Revivals): Nubia and Abyssinia
3175:
3137:
3100:
3096:
3002:
2959:
2937:
2933:
2823:
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Wide spread attacks and mob killings of Amhara women and children by the
2188:
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2155:
1927:
1740:
1480:
1286:
1205:
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in his power struggle against his brothers which led him to make Amharic
647:
578:
499:
487:
475:
445:
410:
272:
264:
243:
6720:"Model Gelila Bekele Interview ( VIDEO) in Amharic - Ethiopiaforums.com"
5961:
5866:
4823:
4809:
4546:
3823:
IL SULTANATO DELLO SCIOA NEL SECOLO XIII, page 10, Enrico Cerulli., 1941
3785:
Africana the encyclopedia of the african and african american experience
3412:
1833:
marriage, the child could make a claim a part of the father's property.
1110:. Nevertheless, Amharic is still widely used as the working language of
8331:
8101:
8003:
7841:
7612:
7382:
7284:
7122:
5888:
Tazebew, Tezera (2021). "Amhara nationalism: The empire strikes back".
5365:. Munster, East Lansing: Michigan State University Press. p. 207.
4906:
3568:
https://www.census.gov/data/tables/2013/demo/2009-2013-lang-tables.html
3301:
3271:
3181:
3143:
3124:
3005:, Empress of Ethiopia, reign between 2 November 1930 – 15 February 1962
2990:
2953:
2834:
2767:
2654:
2282:
2270:
2228:
2133:
1985:
1968:
Beans with variety of vegetables, feta cheese and bread, flavored with
1963:
1909:
1893:(honey wine), which are served and drunk on major religious festivals,
1846:
1758:
1634:
1630:
1618:
1536:
973:
956:
developed a dynasty of rulers and became a powerful kingdom within the
886:
288:
4816:
Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Ethiopian Studies
4802:
Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Ethiopian Studies
4396:
3530:
employed for Amharic geographic names in British and American English.
2999:, author, Sakharov prize winning human rights activist and politician.
2392:
2269:
Amhara nationalism, which was once seen as taboo, exploded during the
705:
depicted on a 15th century manuscript. According to British historian
8336:
8326:
8198:
7993:
7617:
7607:
7479:
7274:
5529:"Continuity and change: Some aspects of Ethiopian music in Australia"
3084:
2804:
2748:
2726:, Ethiopian Catholic cardinal, Head of the Ethiopian Catholic Church.
2622:
2356:, as well as ancestry originating from a non-African back-migration.
1864:
1722:
1278:
1095:
1022:
910:
856:
788:
629:
625:
280:
183:
6055:. Vol. II. Lawrenceville, NJ: Red Sea Press. pp. 168–186.
5670:
Weissleder, W. (2008). "Amhara Marriage: The Stability of Divorce".
5156:
The World and Its Peoples: Africa, North and East, Part 2, Volume 23
4898:
522:("gracious"). Another popular etymology claims that it derives from
401:
Historically, the Amhara held significant political position in the
8340:
7621:
6444:
6376:
5132:
4380:
3811:
Wax & gold : tradition and innovation in Ethiopian culture
3246:
3027:
2914:
2791:
2770:, Ethiopian-Israeli singer, competed at the Eurovision Song Contest
2742:
2237:
945:
840:
800:
761:
590:
353:
251:
103:
64:
8265:
7546:
6248:
6033:
Levine, Donald N. (2003). "Amhara". In von Uhlig, Siegbert (ed.).
3979:
Appleyard, David. "Amharic: History and dialectology of Amharic".
757:
495:
74:
7906:
7187:
3446:"Kieli sukupuolen mukaan maakunnittain ja kunnittain 1990 - 2017"
3277:
2908:
2736:
2705:
2278:
2187:'s forces, where Bulatovich was attached to as an advisor to the
1969:
1606:
1508:
1498:
1475:
1282:
1266:
1231:
1135:
1053:
745:
586:
456:
409:
and all the Solomonic emperors were Amhara with the exception of
380:
247:
219:
203:
5987:. Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin Press. pp. 138–157.
5699:
5697:
5695:
5693:
3326:"Table 2.2 Percentage Distribution of Major Ethnic Groups: 2007"
3323:
6690:"Gelila Bekele – Ethiopia – Interview with Model Gelila Bekele"
6232:"Ancient west Eurasian ancestry in southern and eastern Africa"
5985:
The Rising Tide of Cultural Pluralism: The Nation-State at Bay?
5080:. Published 4 November 2011 by Jah Rebel. Retrieved 4 May 2013.
3608:"One to five: Ethiopia gets four new federal working languages"
2700:
2332:
2294:
2290:
2029:
1991:
1875:
1852:
1588:
1549:
1524:
1514:
1503:
1184:. According to the 2007 census, 82.5% of the population of the
1152:
1088:
1026:
953:
949:
941:
832:
594:
559:
143:
6091:
Ethiopia Through Russian Eyes Country in Transition, 1896-1898
4421:
The Cambridge History of Africa: From c. 500 B.C. to A.D. 1050
3930:
The Cambridge History of Africa: From c. 500 B.C. to A.D. 1050
1535:
From the 1950s onward foreign influence i.e. foreign educated
843:
were almost completely made up of Christian Amharic speakers.
7721:
Wax & Gold: Tradition and Innovation in Ethiopian Culture
7002:
Wax & Gold: Tradition and Innovation in Ethiopian Culture
5690:
5020:
http://catalog.ihsn.org/index.php/catalog/3583/download/50086
4642:
4640:
4626:
4624:
4606:
4604:
3231:
3078:
3037:
2941:
2648:, Vice President and Press Secretary for the Ethiopian-based
2298:
2219:
Who is this Amhara-Menelik to whom we are supposed to submit?
1995:
1886:
1856:
1637:
and his regime in a critical new song (Na'et), following the
1469:
1293:
1270:
1211:
The Ethiopian Orthodox Church maintains close links with the
1007:
965:
937:
906:
902:
836:
698:
662:
636:
610:
602:
598:
574:
239:
3335:. United Nations Population Fund. p. 16. Archived from
2788:, Ethiopian nun known for her piano playing and compositions
2589:, Second Patriarch of the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahido Church
1885:, a traditional dress. Other locally produced beverages are
1874:. First the coffee is roasted, then ground and placed in a
1150:
Crowds gather at the Fasilides' Bath in Gondar to celebrate
869:
in 1460. Important information on Amhara is provided in the
815:
accelerated after the 14th century. As the Agaw adopted the
6496:
Barefoot Runner: The Life of Marathon Champion Abebe Bikila
5334:(January 1975). "The "Azmari", Poet-Musician of Ethiopia".
1945:
1614:
1583:
1573:
1493:
1488:
1483:
1014:
Within traditional Amharic society and that of other local
961:
448:
even further back to the mid 9th century AD as a location.
6229:
5641:
Encyclopedia of World Cultures: Africa and the Middle East
4637:
4621:
4601:
4030:"Amhara | Definition, History, & Culture | Britannica"
3354:
6734:"Senamirmir Projects: Interview with Dr. Getatchew Haile"
5580:"Teddy Afro bashes government with a critical new single"
2100:
and president of the Transitional Government of Ethiopia
2011:
1890:
1817:
Family and kin relatives are often involved in arranging
1307:
pioneered African and Ethiopian theatre when he authored
6426:
6166:"Early Back-to-Africa Migration into the Horn of Africa"
6012:. Uppsala: Nordiska Afrikaininstutet. pp. 116–126.
5436:"Samuel Yirga Ushers in a Golden Age of Ethiopian Music"
4937:
Greater Ethiopia: The Evolution of a Multiethnic Society
4800:
Eike Haberland (1979), "Special Castes in Ethiopia", in
4777:
Greater Ethiopia: The Evolution of a Multiethnic Society
4719:
Revolutionary Ethiopia: from empire to people's republic
4666:
Greater Ethiopia: The Evolution of a Multiethnic Society
3684:
Greater Ethiopia: The Evolution of a Multiethnic Society
1932:
A spicy raw beef dish seasoned with a variety of spices.
1269:
became the first African language to be translated into
779:
in the eyes of the contemporary. The Egyptian historian
4696:. New York: The Free Press. pp. 210–211, 187–221.
1502:
flute played by the local village musicians called the
339:
6427:
Semino O; Magri C; Benuzzi G; et al. (May 2004).
5406:"Kay Kaufman Shelemay-Ethiopia: Empire and Revolution"
4721:. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. p. 160.
3064:, First Israeli Government Minister of Amahara descent
2154:
states the following in a letter to his German friend
1250:
taken from a 15th-century Ethiopian Coptic prayer book
1126:. The Amharic language is transcribed using a script (
1006:
1921 photo captioned "Amhara head of the guard of the
4818:, Editor: Robert Hess, University of Illinois Press,
4804:, Editor: Robert Hess, University of Illinois Press,
4258:, p. 230. Harrassowitz Verlag (Wiesbaden), 2003.
2115:
solely a class-based identity, devoid of ethnicity".
322:
7743:"Who ruled Ethiopia? The myth of 'Amara domination'"
7024:"Who ruled Ethiopia? The myth of 'Amara domination'"
4614:
Islam: Yesterday and Today translated by Emran Waber
3714:
1124:
Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples' Region
510:
The origin of the Amhara name is debated. A popular
6946:
The Falashas: A Short History of the Ethiopian Jews
5724:
5722:
5720:
5718:
5599:. International African Institute. pp. 33–35.
4814:Amnon Orent (1979), "From the Hoe to the Plow", in
3958:. Manchester University Press. pp. 36, 87–88.
3472:"All Ethiopian Jews must be brought home to Israel"
2264:
2145:
6943:
6780:
6117:"Shaping Amhara nationalism for a better Ethiopia"
5558:Music and messaging in the African political arena
4267:
2179:, detailing hostile exchange of words between the
1130:) which is slightly modified from the Ethiopic or
1082:language family, and is the largest member of the
356:, traditionally inhabiting parts of the northwest
5048:Languages in Jewish Communities, Past and Present
4780:. University of Chicago Press. pp. 56, 175.
3374:
1800:in the church of Debre Berhan Selassie in Gondar.
1277:(1595–1658) in 1652 AD made a European voyage to
8393:
6771:
6540:"Amhara Contributions to Ethiopian Civilization"
6533:
6531:
6529:
6527:
6525:
5715:
4658:
4656:
3858:The Semitic Languages: An International Handbook
2880:, Award-winning writer, producer & director.
2238:The rise of ethnic consciousness and nationalism
2209:We do not know Amhara-Menelik. Go away! Go away!
2201:We are from the sovereign of the Amhara Menelik.
1285:. Gorgoryos along with his colleague and friend
901:to the south. The province consisted of much of
154:
6918:(2nd ed.). Plymouth, UK: Scarecrow Press.
6726:
6575:
6523:
6521:
6519:
6517:
6515:
6513:
6511:
6509:
6507:
6505:
6335:"How the Amhara Breathe Differently Razib Khan"
6236:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
5050:. Berlin: Walter De Gruyter. pp. 489–519.
4669:. University of Chicago Press. pp. 56–57.
4650:(Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, 2003), p. 232.
4634:(Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, 2003), p. 231.
4598:(Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, 2003), p. 230.
4481:(Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, 2003), p. 168.
3673:
3671:
3669:
3362:"Languages spoken in American Households, 2020"
1512:; the most well known Amharan folk dance. The
114:
6601:
6075:Richard Pankhurst, Travelers in Ethiopia, p.59
5633:
5631:
5618:
5616:
5299:
4812:, pp. 129–132 (also see pp. 134–135, 145–147);
4582:"Ethiopia - the Zagwe and Solomonic dynasties"
4111:
3649:
3599:
1234:at 40 days (for boys) or 80 days (for girls).
8281:
7800:
7786:
7562:
7081:
7067:
6910:
6906:
6904:
5526:
5300:Weisser, Stéphanie; Falceto, Francis (2013).
5277:The Origin and Development Amharic Literatuhe
5210:
5123:
5121:
4653:
4112:Prunier, Gérard; Ficquet, Éloi, eds. (2015).
3894:
3892:
2040:
536:
526:
49:
7766:People of Africa, Amhara Culture and History
7047:People of Africa, Amhara Culture and History
6502:
5756:Michael, Mackonen (2008). "Who is Amhara?".
4490:Mohammad Hassan, The Oromo of Ethiopia, pp.3
4418:Fage, J. D.; Oliver, Roland Anthony (1975).
4141:. Manchester University Press. p. 124.
4139:Ethiopian Semitic: Studies in Classification
4056:Ethiopian Semitic: Studies in Classification
3956:Ethiopian Semitic: Studies in Classification
3901:Ethiopian Semitic: Studies in Classification
3666:
3411:pp, 25 (2015) United Kingdom. Available at:
2975:, Military officer, diplomat, court official
2820:, dabtara renowned in Amharic oral tradition
2625:, musician, singer, and master of the Begena
2119:by a multi-ethnic group who speak Amharic".
1543:. The popular Ethio-Jazz genre pioneered by
998:Caste systems in Africa § Amhara people
881:, himself a native of Amhara. On the map of
7704:and Thomas L. Kane (collected and edited),
6985:and Thomas L. Kane (collected and edited),
5628:
5613:
5592:
5560:. Hershey, PA: IGI Global. pp. 12–17.
5543:"Ethiopian Music | Brilliant Ethiopia"
5071:Bernard Collins (The Abyssinians) Interview
4940:. University of Chicago Press. p. 56.
4885:Todd, David M. (1977). "Caste in Africa?".
4424:. Cambridge University Press. p. 101.
4166:. The Red Sea Press. pp. 15, 133–138.
4058:. Manchester University Press. p. 88.
3933:. Cambridge University Press. p. 126.
3927:Fage, J.D.; Oliver, Roland Anthony (1975).
3903:. Manchester University Press. p. 36.
3782:Gate, Henry Louis; Appiah, Anthony (2005).
3654:. London: Hurst & Company. p. 39.
3397:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
2175:, a first-hand account of Russian officer,
1609:songs of resistance against the autocratic
799:wrote a passage about the death of Emperor
736:may have been referred to as the "kings of
174:
8288:
8274:
7793:
7779:
7569:
7555:
7074:
7060:
6901:
6783:Peace and War: Cross-Cultural Perspectives
6352:
6084:
5669:
5273:
5253:. Boydell & Brewer. pp. 138–150.
5118:
4957:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
4893:(4). Cambridge University Press: 398–412.
4417:
3926:
3889:
3781:
3631:
3629:
3585:. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 27.
3165:National Intelligence and Security Service
1621:and others turned to the old tradition of
94:
73:
6607:
6452:
6384:
6283:
6265:
6247:
6191:
6181:
6010:Ethnicity and the State in Eastern Africa
5932:
5914:
5454:"How Ethiopian jazz got its unique sound"
5389:
5363:Ethiopia: history, culture and challenges
5100:"FDRE States: Basic Information – Amhara"
4767:
4532:
4116:. London: C. Hurst & Co. p. 19.
4000:. Leiden, Boston: Brill. pp. 18–21.
3860:. Walter De Gruyter. pp. 1178–1212.
3280:, Empress of Ethiopia between 1916 - 1930
2657:, ruler of Bete Amhara, Damot & Shewa
2150:In the 17th century, Abyssinian traveler
194:
6759:"Intellectual Outlook of Kebede Michael"
6753:
6046:
6044:
5881:
5637:
5555:
5471:. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz. p. 185.
5284:
4990:
4847:The Making of Modern Ethiopia: 1896–1974
3788:. Oxford University Press. p. 187.
3496:
2776:, better known as Gigi, Ethiopian singer
2331:and aligned Oromo nationalist groups in
1791:
1273:when Ethiopian priest and lexicographer
1241:
1188:was Ethiopian Orthodox; 17.2% of it was
1145:
1001:
991:
919:
756:
697:
558:
436:A non-contemporary 13th or 14th century
134:
6938:
6882:
6537:
6493:
6475:
6137:
6050:
6026:
5887:
5790:
5755:
5732:Food Cultures of the World Encyclopedia
5246:
5045:
5039:
5025:
4232:Church and State in Ethiopia, 1270-1527
4136:
4053:
3953:
3898:
3721:. Oxford University Press. p. 26.
3650:Prunier, Gerard; Ficquet, Eloi (2015).
3626:
3490:
2782:, prominent female Ethiopian economist.
2362:
1808:
787:(1304-1305 AD) labelled the Emperor of
740:", due to the origin of their founder,
413:since the rise of the dynasty in 1270.
14:
8394:
6837:
6581:
6032:
5982:
5728:
5491:"Getatchew Mekuria, leeuw der leeuwen"
5384:"FNRS-Université Libre de Bruxelles".
5330:
4933:
4843:
4773:
4716:
4662:
4617:. Istituto Per L'Oriente. p. 315.
4366:
4360:
4303:
4229:
4161:
4078:
3885:. London: Routledge. pp. 202–226.
3880:
3808:
3677:
3560:
3546:. British Academic Press. p. 13.
3539:
3324:Central Statistical Agency, Ethiopia.
2855:, Legendary Ethiopian Jazz Saxophonist
1459:List of musicians using Amharic vocals
639:which is located to the south-east of
581:), the area which is now known as the
8269:
7774:
7550:
7055:
6864:
6801:
6652:
6563:
6114:
6041:
5947:
5844:
5791:Michael, Mackonen (1 November 2008).
5466:
5360:
4997:. London: Routledge. pp. 14–15.
4954:
4850:. The Red Sea Press. pp. 67–70.
4689:
4335:
4201:. Leiden, Boston: Brill. p. 22.
4194:
4083:. The Red Sea Press. pp. 45–52.
3993:
3978:
3851:
3741:
3578:
3413:https://www.ethnologue.com/country/GB
3319:
3317:
2347:
2277:and take back the contested lands of
863:or "Kingdom of Amhara" in his famous
518:("pleasing; beautiful; gracious") or
7695:
6007:
5211:Stammerjohann, Harro (2 June 2009).
5159:. Greystone Press. 1967. p. 300
4884:
4739:
2044:
1557:instrumentalized the Amhara war cry
1213:Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria
683:
89:Regions with significant populations
8295:
7734:
7576:
5527:Jong, De; Elizabeth, Holly (2011).
5250:African Theatre Histories 1850-1950
4610:
4234:. Clarendon Press. pp. 34–38.
3652:Understanding contemporary Ethiopia
3503:. Universal-Publishers. p. 1.
3184:, Ethiopian-Canadian R&B artist
3121:, Chief Project Manager of the GERD
2956:, military commander & noblemen
2601:, Honorable Laureate Maitre Artiste
1821:(eighty bond marriage, also called
24:
7723:(Chicago: University Press, 1972)
7004:(Chicago: University Press, 1972)
6976:
6950:. London: Frank Cass. p. 94.
6653:Graca, John V. Da (18 June 1985).
6433:American Journal of Human Genetics
6365:American Journal of Human Genetics
6306:
5684:10.1111/j.1755-618x.1974.tb00004.x
4969:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1962.tb50145.x
3605:
3314:
3087:, fashion model & entrepreneur
2826:, 18th-19th century lord of Semien
2566:Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahido Church
2386:
1178:Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church
1162:Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church
722:Bete Amhara (lit: House of Amhara)
370:Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church
236:Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church
25:
8418:
7680:Amhara Region coup d'état attempt
7015:
6916:Historical Dictionary of Ethiopia
6212:10.1371/journal.pgen.1004393.s017
5280:(Thesis). Addis Ababa University.
4504:. The Red Sea Press. p. 53.
4449:. The Red Sea Press. p. 53.
4254:Uhlig, Siegbert, ed. "Amhara" in
3540:Zegeye, Abebe (15 October 1994).
3274:, Emperor of the Ethiopian Empire
3249:, Emperor of the Ethiopian Empire
3234:, Emperor of the Ethiopian Empire
3178:, Emperor of the Ethiopian Empire
3127:, Emperor of the Ethiopian Empire
3093:, Emperor of the Ethiopian Empire
3051:, Emperor of the Ethiopian Empire
3045:, Emperor of the Ethiopian Empire
3030:, Emperor of the Ethiopian Empire
2993:, Emperor of the Ethiopian Empire
2987:, Emperor of the Ethiopian Empire
2917:, Emperor of the Ethiopian Empire
2911:, Emperor of the Ethiopian Empire
2892:, Emperor of the Ethiopian Empire
2837:, Emperor of the Ethiopian Empire
2807:, Emperor of the Ethiopian Empire
2794:, Emperor of the Ethiopian Empire
2751:, Emperor of the Ethiopian Empire
2745:, Emperor of the Ethiopian Empire
2739:, Emperor of the Ethiopian Empire
2708:, Emperor of the Ethiopian Empire
2636:, Emperor of the Ethiopian Empire
2318:Ethiopian National Defense Forces
2301:unified as one under the name of
1572:The political turmoil during the
885:, Amhara is situated between the
405:. They were at the origin of the
8361:
8305:
7708:. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz 2001.
7642:
7586:
6989:. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz 2001.
6932:
6876:
6858:
6849:
6831:
6822:
6813:
6795:
6765:
6747:
6712:
6682:
6673:
6646:
6636:"Lebna Dengel – Ethiopian Ruler"
6628:
6557:
6487:
6469:
6420:
6401:
6332:
6326:
6300:
6223:
6215:
6157:
6131:
6115:Moges, Zola (1 September 2020).
6108:
6078:
6069:
6001:
5976:
5941:
5908:
5838:
5784:
5749:
5663:
5586:
5572:
4338:"A Short History of the Argobba"
4304:Anfrey, Francis (January 2011).
3011:, musician, father of Ethio-jazz
2558:, Olympic athlete, gold medalist
2265:Amhara nationalism in the 2020's
2146:Ethnic consciousness in the past
2049:
2022:
2004:
1978:
1956:
1938:
1920:
1902:
1769:
1751:
1733:
1715:
1697:
1680:
1663:
1646:
1506:, and the peasantry dancing the
1435:
1418:
1401:
1384:
1367:
1350:
1333:
1316:
909:, and encompassed the region of
668:The Amhara nobles supported the
196:
176:
156:
136:
116:
96:
8372:Multi-ethnic civic nationalism
7653:Multi-ethnic civic nationalism
6138:Tesfaye, Amanuel (4 May 2018).
5917:"The two-faced Amhara identity"
5549:
5535:
5520:
5506:
5497:
5483:
5460:
5446:
5428:
5398:
5377:
5354:
5324:
5293:
5274:Aregahegne, Assefa (May 1981).
5267:
5240:
5231:
5204:
5195:
5185:
5171:
5147:
5092:
5083:
5064:
5035:. Ethnologue. 19 February 1999.
5012:
4984:
4963:(2). Wiley-Blackwell: 504–511.
4927:
4878:
4865:
4837:
4794:
4733:
4710:
4693:Social stratification in Africa
4683:
4588:
4574:
4553:
4526:
4493:
4484:
4471:
4438:
4411:
4329:
4320:
4297:
4288:
4274:. Routledge. pp. 123–124.
4261:
4248:
4223:
4188:
4155:
4130:
4105:
4072:
4047:
4022:
3987:
3972:
3947:
3874:
3845:
3835:
3826:
3817:
3802:
3775:
3762:
3735:
3708:
3687:. University of Chicago Press.
3643:
3572:
3533:
2868:, Foreign Minister and Novelist
2724:Berhaneyesus Demerew Souraphiel
2650:Unity for Democracy and Justice
2395:
2246:in 2018 along with the rise of
1168:For centuries, the predominant
451:
6914:; Ofcansky, Thomas P. (2013).
5705:"Ethiopian Treasures- Culture"
5656:, Quote: "Temporary marriage (
5625:Encyclopædia Britannica (2015)
3520:
3464:
3438:
3418:
3405:
3368:
3364:. United States Census Bureau.
3221:, ruler of Semien & Tigray
3197:, Ethiopian general and noble.
1180:playing a central role in the
877:, the data of which came from
795:or "the Amhara King". In 1436
781:al-Mufaddal ibn Abi al-Fada'il
360:, particularly inhabiting the
13:
1:
7673:
6656:Heads of State and Government
6582:Barder, Brian (25 May 1999).
6538:Tolossa, Fikre (April 1993).
6035:Encyclopaedia Aethiopica: A-C
5915:Pausewang, Siegfried (2005).
5678:(1). Wiley-Blackwell: 67–85.
5596:Ethnographic Survey of Africa
4648:Encyclopaedia Aethiopica: A-C
4632:Encyclopaedia Aethiopica: A-C
4596:Encyclopaedia Aethiopica: A-C
4479:Encyclopaedia Aethiopica: A-C
4195:Butts, Aaron Michael (2015).
3994:Butts, Aaron Michael (2015).
3856:. In Weninger, Stefan (ed.).
3715:Marvin Lionel Bender (1976).
3610:. Africa News. Archived from
3415:(Accessed: 30 November 2016).
3307:
2066:for discussion on this topic.
1541:Golden Age of Ethiopian music
1254:
6640:epicworldhistory.blogspot.nl
6183:10.1371/journal.pgen.1004393
5672:Canadian Review of Sociology
5102:. Population. Archived from
4646:"Amhara" in Siegbert Uhlig,
4630:"Amhara" in Siegbert Uhlig,
4594:"Amhara" in Siegbert Uhlig,
4477:"Amhara" in Siegbert Uhlig,
4198:Semitic languages in contact
3997:Semitic languages in contact
3497:Joireman, Sandra F. (1997).
3201:Wolde Giorgis Wolde Yohannes
3150:Tekle Hawariat Tekle Mariyam
2886:, lord of Semien and Welkait
2786:Emahoy Tsegué-Maryam Guèbrou
2394:
2104:in July 1991 as an example.
1375:Tekle Hawariat Tekle Mariyam
1305:Tekle Hawariat Tekle Mariyam
948:became home for the city of
808:, the Lord of the Jabarta."
505:
340:
7:
4994:The Archaeology of Ethiopia
4746:. Praeger. pp. 57–60.
4268:E. A. Wallis Budge (2014).
3983:. Vol. 1. p. 235.
3285:
2342:
2244:National Movement of Amhara
1141:
1047:
775:appears to be stock of the
713:in the fourteenth century."
366:Oriental Orthodox Christian
323:
10:
8423:
4934:Levine, Donald N. (2014).
4774:Levine, Donald N. (2014).
4663:Levine, Donald N. (2014).
2962:, International supermodel
2084:
2041:Nature of Amhara ethnicity
1840:
1836:
1456:
1258:
1237:
1051:
995:
764:, Emperor of Ethiopia, by
732:. The early rulers of the
687:
552:
548:
332:
83:clothing in the background
26:
8407:Ethnic groups in Ethiopia
8370:
8359:
8312:
8303:
8222:
8119:
8012:
7925:
7817:
7808:
7802:Ethnic groups in Ethiopia
7740:Lemma, Marcos (MD, PhD).
7651:
7640:
7593:
7584:
7503:
7400:
7293:
7206:
7098:
7089:
7083:Ethnic groups in Ethiopia
7021:Lemma, Marcos (MD, PhD).
6885:African States and Rulers
6669:– via Google Books.
5934:10.1163/18177565-90000138
5847:Northeast African Studies
5809:10.1080/14725840802417943
5770:10.1080/14725840802417943
5644:. G.K. Hall. p. 19.
5129:"African Marriage ritual"
4717:Keller, Edmond J (1991).
4535:Northeast African Studies
4500:Demeke, Girma A. (2014).
4445:Demeke, Girma A. (2014).
4230:Tamrat, Taddesse (1972).
2564:, First Patriarch of the
2058:This section needs to be
1522:wind instrument, and the
1309:Fabula: Yawreoch Commedia
766:Cristofano dell'Altissimo
537:
527:
416:
312:
263:
258:
230:
225:
218:
213:
193:
173:
153:
133:
113:
93:
88:
72:
50:
47:
5638:Levinson, David (1995).
5467:Uhlig, Siegbert (2006).
5361:Uhlig, Siegbert (2017).
4991:Finneran, Niall (2007).
4844:Tibebu, Teshale (1995).
4740:Abir, Mordechai (1968).
4256:Encyclopaedia Aethiopica
4137:Hetzron, Robert (1972).
4054:Hetzron, Robert (1972).
3954:Hetzron, Robert (1972).
3899:Hetzron, Robert (1972).
3377:"Statistics Canada 2021"
2874:, renowned world Athlete
2171:On March 28, 1898, near
1863:days between Easter and
1452:
1116:Benishangul-Gumuz Region
748:, which from became the
545:, "free" or "soldier").
7706:Amharic Cultural Reader
6987:Amharic Cultural Reader
6843:Be Not Thy Father's Son
6267:10.1073/pnas.1313787111
5735:. Bloomsbury Academic.
5556:Onyebadi, Uche (2019).
5318:10.3406/ethio.2013.1539
5076:1 February 2014 at the
4924:, Volume 9, pp. 145–158
3809:Levine, Donald (1965).
3742:Henze, Paul B. (1985).
3375:2021 Census of Canada.
3109:two-time olympic bokser
1261:List of Amharic writers
1172:of the Amhara has been
352:which is indigenous to
6883:Stewart, John (2006).
6494:Rambali, Paul (2007).
6407:Cruciani et al. (2004)
6309:"The Heights We Go To"
4826:, p. 188, Quote: "the
4354:10.3406/ethio.2000.973
4336:Asfaw, Aklilu (2000).
4162:Demeke, Girma (2014).
4079:Demeke, Girma (2014).
3981:Encyclopedia Aethopica
3379:. Government of Canada
3261:, 4th President of CAF
3209:, surgeon and diplomat
2527:
2522:
2517:
2512:
2507:
2502:
2497:
2492:
2487:
2482:
2477:
2472:
2467:
2462:
2457:
2452:
2447:
2442:
2437:
2432:
2427:
2422:
2417:
2412:
2407:
2402:
2235:
2169:
2143:
1801:
1787:
1303:. Amhara intellectual
1251:
1182:culture of the country
1165:
1011:
929:
768:
714:
570:
8376:Ethiopian nationalism
7657:Ethiopian nationalism
6086:Bulatovich, Alexander
5902:10.1093/afraf/adaa029
5859:10.1353/nas.2005.0004
5336:The Musical Quarterly
5290:Shelemay, pp. 355–356
5217:. Walter de Gruyter.
4502:The Origin of Amharic
4447:The Origin of Amharic
4164:The Origin of Amharic
4081:The Origin of Amharic
3883:The Semitic Languages
3852:Meyer, Ronny (2011).
3770:Global Social Welfare
3582:The Peoples of Africa
3579:Olson, James (1996).
3528:BGN/PCGN romanization
3431:17 April 2017 at the
3203:, Minister of the pen
2973:Makonnen Wolde Mikael
2843:, International model
2329:Oromo Liberation Army
2311:Tigray Defense Forces
2259:Ethiopian nationalism
2193:
2160:
2129:
2085:Further information:
1972:spice and olive oil.
1795:
1547:was created from the
1245:
1200:) and 0.5% of it was
1149:
1005:
996:Further information:
992:Social stratification
923:
821:Orthodox Christianity
760:
724:claimed descent from
701:
562:
463:language, along with
358:Highlands of Ethiopia
259:Related ethnic groups
8381:Eritrean nationalism
7662:Eritrean nationalism
5729:Albala, Ken (2011).
5593:W. A. Shack (1974).
3718:Language in Ethiopia
3606:Shaban, Abdurahman.
3265:
3259:Yidnekatchew Tessema
3225:
3195:Welde Giyorgis Aboye
3188:
3172:, regent of Ethiopia
3163:Director general of
3131:
3115:, diplomat, governor
3068:
3055:
3021:
2979:Makonnen Endelkachew
2966:
2947:
2921:
2902:
2896:Heruy Wolde Selassie
2859:
2811:
2798:
2761:
2730:
2714:, military commander
2685:
2629:Amanuel Gebremichael
2593:Afevork Ghevre Jesus
2582:Abuna Takla Haymanot
2537:
2363:Uniparental lineages
2185:Welde Giyorgis Aboye
2177:Alexander Bulatovich
1809:Kinship and marriage
1443:Asfa-Wossen Asserate
1426:Tsegaye Gabre-Medhin
1358:Heruy Wolde Selassie
1341:Afäwarq Gäbrä Iyäsus
1301:Afäwarq Gäbrä Iyäsus
1222:Marriages are often
897:to the east and the
442:Saint Tekle Haymanot
79:Amhara woman with a
7967:Soddo Gurage people
7690:History of Ethiopia
7248:Soddo Gurage people
6722:. 11 November 2010.
6694:www.amharictube.com
6258:2014PNAS..111.2632P
6037:. pp. 230–232.
5962:10.1017/hia.2016.13
5709:Ethiopian Treasures
5416:on 14 February 2007
5348:10.1093/mq/lxi.1.47
4356:– via Persée.
3748:. Rand. p. 8.
3614:on 15 December 2020
3297:History of Ethiopia
3253:Yetnebersh Nigussie
2396:Contents:
2379:, while 2.1% is of
2227:We are Amhara, and
1041:Amhara caste system
915:Istifanos Monastery
883:Historia Aethiopica
871:Historia Aethiopica
622:Istifanos monastery
555:History of Ethiopia
44:
8348:People of Ethiopia
7719:Donald N. Levine,
7629:People of Ethiopia
7000:Donald N. Levine,
6807:Jazz Transatlantic
6777:Rubinstein, Robert
6755:Fantahun, Arefayné
6616:on 13 January 2015
6413:2006-05-22 at the
6119:. Ethiopia Insight
5797:African Identities
5758:African Identities
5306:Annales d'Éthiopie
5179:"Amharic language"
5033:"Amharic language"
4369:American Antiquity
4342:Annales d'Éthiopie
4310:Annales d Ethiopie
4034:www.britannica.com
3543:Ethiopia in Change
3478:. 18 November 2021
3476:The Jerusalem Post
3146:, Ethiopian singer
3062:Pnina Tamano-Shata
2997:Mesfin Woldemariam
2930:, Ethiopian writer
2898:, Foreign Minister
2884:Haile Maryam Gebre
2872:Haile Gebrselassie
2780:Eleni Gebre-Medhin
2774:Ejigayehu Shibabaw
2755:Demetros of Amhara
2681:, Ethiopian singer
2669:, Ethiopian singer
2619:, Ethiopian singer
2595:, Ethiopian writer
2348:Autosomal ancestry
2231:is our great king.
2109:imperial expansion
2098:Mesfin Woldemariam
2087:Amhara nationalism
2064:Talk:Amhara people
1802:
1796:A mural depicting
1613:regime led by the
1252:
1166:
1058:The Amhara speak "
1032:Also known as the
1012:
960:. The district of
930:
893:in the north, the
793:al-Malik al-Amhari
769:
715:
571:
42:
18:Amhara (ethnicity)
8389:
8388:
8353:People of Eritrea
8263:
8262:
8115:
8114:
7670:
7669:
7634:People of Eritrea
7544:
7543:
7396:
7395:
6957:978-0-7146-4646-6
6940:Kessler, David F.
6925:978-0-8108-7194-6
6894:978-0-7864-2562-4
6700:on 7 January 2017
6666:978-1-349-07999-5
6498:. Serpent's Tail.
6339:Discover Magazine
6101:978-1-56902-116-3
6062:978-1-56902-015-9
6019:978-91-7106-418-9
5994:978-0-299-13884-4
5950:History in Africa
5742:978-0-313-37626-9
5651:978-0-8161-1815-1
5606:978-0-85302-040-0
5224:978-3-484-97112-7
5057:978-1-5015-1298-8
5004:978-1-136-75552-1
4947:978-0-226-22967-6
4857:978-1-56902-001-2
4787:978-0-226-22967-6
4753:978-0-582-64517-2
4703:978-0-02-932780-7
4676:978-0-226-22967-6
4611:Cerulli, Enrico.
4560:"Zagwe dynasty".
4511:978-1-56902-379-2
4456:978-1-56902-379-2
4431:978-0-521-20981-6
4281:978-1-317-64915-1
4241:978-0-19-821671-1
4208:978-90-04-30015-6
4173:978-1-56902-379-2
4148:978-0-7190-1123-8
4123:978-1-84904-261-1
4090:978-1-56902-379-2
4065:978-0-7190-1123-8
4007:978-90-04-30015-6
3965:978-0-7190-1123-8
3940:978-0-521-20981-6
3910:978-0-7190-1123-8
3867:978-3-11-025158-6
3795:978-0-19-517055-9
3755:978-0-8330-0696-7
3728:978-0-19-436102-6
3694:978-0-226-47561-5
3679:Levine, Donald N.
3592:978-0-313-27918-8
3553:978-1-85043-644-7
3242:Solomonic Dynasty
3240:, founder of the
3219:Wube Haile Maryam
2985:Menas of Ethiopia
2853:Getatchew Mekurya
2694:, Emperor of the
2605:Aklilu Habte-Wold
2546:, Catholic priest
2275:TPLF rebel groups
2139:Amhara domination
2083:
2082:
2035:
2017:
1999:
1973:
1951:
1933:
1915:
1843:Ethiopian cuisine
1782:
1764:
1746:
1728:
1710:
1692:
1675:
1658:
1654:Getatchew Mekurya
1591:songs which uses
1555:Getatchew Mekurya
1463:Music of Ethiopia
1447:
1430:
1413:
1396:
1379:
1362:
1345:
1328:
1297:Ləbb Wälläd Tarik
1192:, 0.2% of it was
1084:Ethiopian Semitic
889:to the west, the
819:and converted to
773:Solomonic dynasty
734:Solomonic Dynasty
707:Edward Ullendorff
694:Solomonic Dynasty
684:Solomonic Dynasty
407:Solomonic dynasty
338:
321:
302:
301:
109:19,867,817 (2007)
16:(Redirected from
8414:
8365:
8309:
8290:
8283:
8276:
8267:
8266:
8230:African American
7815:
7814:
7795:
7788:
7781:
7772:
7771:
7762:
7760:
7758:
7753:on 28 March 2005
7749:. Archived from
7646:
7590:
7571:
7564:
7557:
7548:
7547:
7511:African American
7096:
7095:
7076:
7069:
7062:
7053:
7052:
7043:
7041:
7039:
7034:on 28 March 2005
7030:. Archived from
6970:
6969:
6949:
6936:
6930:
6929:
6908:
6899:
6898:
6880:
6874:
6873:
6862:
6856:
6853:
6847:
6846:
6835:
6829:
6826:
6820:
6817:
6811:
6810:
6799:
6793:
6792:
6786:
6769:
6763:
6762:
6751:
6745:
6744:
6742:
6740:
6730:
6724:
6723:
6716:
6710:
6709:
6707:
6705:
6696:. Archived from
6686:
6680:
6677:
6671:
6670:
6650:
6644:
6643:
6632:
6626:
6625:
6623:
6621:
6612:. Archived from
6605:
6599:
6598:
6596:
6594:
6584:"Asrat Woldeyes"
6579:
6573:
6572:
6565:Abbay, Alemseged
6561:
6555:
6554:
6552:
6550:
6544:Ethiopian Review
6535:
6500:
6499:
6491:
6485:
6484:
6473:
6467:
6466:
6456:
6424:
6418:
6405:
6399:
6398:
6388:
6356:
6350:
6349:
6347:
6345:
6330:
6324:
6323:
6321:
6319:
6304:
6298:
6297:
6287:
6269:
6251:
6242:(7): 2632–2637.
6227:
6221:
6220:
6219:
6205:
6195:
6185:
6161:
6155:
6154:
6152:
6150:
6135:
6129:
6128:
6126:
6124:
6112:
6106:
6105:
6082:
6076:
6073:
6067:
6066:
6048:
6039:
6038:
6030:
6024:
6023:
6005:
5999:
5998:
5980:
5974:
5973:
5945:
5939:
5938:
5936:
5912:
5906:
5905:
5896:(479): 297–313.
5885:
5879:
5878:
5842:
5836:
5835:
5833:
5831:
5793:"Who is Amhara?"
5788:
5782:
5781:
5753:
5747:
5746:
5726:
5713:
5712:
5701:
5688:
5687:
5667:
5661:
5655:
5635:
5626:
5620:
5611:
5610:
5590:
5584:
5583:
5576:
5570:
5569:
5553:
5547:
5546:
5539:
5533:
5532:
5524:
5518:
5517:
5510:
5504:
5501:
5495:
5494:
5487:
5481:
5480:
5464:
5458:
5457:
5450:
5444:
5443:
5432:
5426:
5425:
5423:
5421:
5412:. Archived from
5402:
5396:
5395:
5393:
5381:
5375:
5374:
5358:
5352:
5351:
5332:Kebede, Ashenafi
5328:
5322:
5321:
5297:
5291:
5288:
5282:
5281:
5271:
5265:
5264:
5244:
5238:
5235:
5229:
5228:
5208:
5202:
5199:
5193:
5189:
5183:
5182:
5175:
5169:
5168:
5166:
5164:
5151:
5145:
5144:
5142:
5140:
5131:. Archived from
5125:
5116:
5115:
5113:
5111:
5096:
5090:
5087:
5081:
5068:
5062:
5061:
5043:
5037:
5036:
5029:
5023:
5016:
5010:
5008:
4988:
4982:
4980:
4951:
4931:
4925:
4918:
4882:
4876:
4869:
4863:
4861:
4841:
4835:
4798:
4792:
4791:
4771:
4765:
4764:
4737:
4731:
4730:
4714:
4708:
4707:
4687:
4681:
4680:
4660:
4651:
4644:
4635:
4628:
4619:
4618:
4608:
4599:
4592:
4586:
4585:
4578:
4572:
4571:
4557:
4551:
4550:
4530:
4524:
4523:
4497:
4491:
4488:
4482:
4475:
4469:
4468:
4442:
4436:
4435:
4415:
4409:
4408:
4364:
4358:
4357:
4333:
4327:
4324:
4318:
4317:
4301:
4295:
4292:
4286:
4285:
4265:
4259:
4252:
4246:
4245:
4227:
4221:
4220:
4192:
4186:
4185:
4159:
4153:
4152:
4134:
4128:
4127:
4109:
4103:
4102:
4076:
4070:
4069:
4051:
4045:
4044:
4042:
4040:
4026:
4020:
4019:
3991:
3985:
3984:
3976:
3970:
3969:
3951:
3945:
3944:
3924:
3915:
3914:
3896:
3887:
3886:
3878:
3872:
3871:
3849:
3843:
3839:
3833:
3830:
3824:
3821:
3815:
3814:
3806:
3800:
3799:
3779:
3773:
3766:
3760:
3759:
3739:
3733:
3732:
3712:
3706:
3705:
3703:
3701:
3675:
3664:
3663:
3647:
3641:
3640:
3633:
3624:
3623:
3621:
3619:
3603:
3597:
3596:
3576:
3570:
3564:
3558:
3557:
3537:
3531:
3524:
3518:
3517:
3494:
3488:
3487:
3485:
3483:
3468:
3462:
3461:
3459:
3457:
3448:. Archived from
3442:
3436:
3422:
3416:
3409:
3403:
3402:
3396:
3388:
3386:
3384:
3372:
3366:
3365:
3358:
3352:
3351:
3349:
3347:
3342:on 25 March 2009
3341:
3330:
3321:
3215:, ruler of Shewa
3161:Temesgen Tiruneh
2981:, Prime Minister
2866:Haddis Alemayehu
2757:, ruler of Shewa
2696:Ethiopian Empire
2663:, ruler of Shewa
2642:, ruler of Shewa
2617:Alemayehu Eshete
2611:Ale Felege Selam
2607:, Prime Minister
2587:Abuna Theophilos
2552:, Prime Minister
2397:
2368:Haplogroup E1b1b
2078:
2075:
2069:
2053:
2052:
2045:
2033:
2026:
2015:
2008:
1989:
1982:
1967:
1960:
1949:
1942:
1931:
1924:
1913:
1906:
1780:
1773:
1762:
1755:
1744:
1737:
1726:
1719:
1708:
1701:
1690:
1688:Alemayehu Eshete
1684:
1673:
1671:Tilahun Gessesse
1667:
1656:
1650:
1445:
1439:
1428:
1422:
1411:
1405:
1394:
1388:
1377:
1371:
1360:
1354:
1343:
1337:
1326:
1320:
958:Ethiopian Empire
849:Ethiopian Empire
817:Amharic language
730:Battle of Ansata
720:, a prince from
690:Ethiopian Empire
665:further inland.
568:Ethiopian Empire
540:
539:
535:, "people") and
530:
529:
492:Kingdom of Aksum
403:Ethiopian Empire
387:language of the
368:(members of the
343:
337:romanized:
336:
334:
326:
316:
314:
297:Cushitic peoples
206:
202:
200:
199:
186:
182:
180:
179:
166:
162:
160:
159:
146:
142:
140:
139:
126:
122:
120:
119:
106:
102:
100:
99:
77:
61:
53:
52:
45:
41:
21:
8422:
8421:
8417:
8416:
8415:
8413:
8412:
8411:
8402:Habesha peoples
8392:
8391:
8390:
8385:
8366:
8357:
8310:
8299:
8297:Habesha peoples
8294:
8264:
8259:
8218:
8111:
8008:
7921:
7804:
7799:
7756:
7754:
7741:
7737:
7698:
7696:Further reading
7676:
7671:
7666:
7647:
7638:
7591:
7580:
7578:Habesha peoples
7575:
7545:
7540:
7499:
7392:
7289:
7202:
7085:
7080:
7037:
7035:
7022:
7018:
6979:
6977:Further reading
6974:
6973:
6958:
6937:
6933:
6926:
6909:
6902:
6895:
6881:
6877:
6863:
6859:
6854:
6850:
6836:
6832:
6827:
6823:
6818:
6814:
6800:
6796:
6770:
6766:
6752:
6748:
6738:
6736:
6732:
6731:
6727:
6718:
6717:
6713:
6703:
6701:
6688:
6687:
6683:
6678:
6674:
6667:
6651:
6647:
6634:
6633:
6629:
6619:
6617:
6608:Administrator.
6606:
6602:
6592:
6590:
6580:
6576:
6562:
6558:
6548:
6546:
6536:
6503:
6492:
6488:
6474:
6470:
6425:
6421:
6415:Wayback Machine
6406:
6402:
6357:
6353:
6343:
6341:
6331:
6327:
6317:
6315:
6307:Coates, Karen.
6305:
6301:
6228:
6224:
6214:
6176:(6): e1004393.
6162:
6158:
6148:
6146:
6136:
6132:
6122:
6120:
6113:
6109:
6102:
6083:
6079:
6074:
6070:
6063:
6049:
6042:
6031:
6027:
6020:
6006:
6002:
5995:
5981:
5977:
5946:
5942:
5913:
5909:
5890:African Affairs
5886:
5882:
5843:
5839:
5829:
5827:
5789:
5785:
5754:
5750:
5743:
5727:
5716:
5703:
5702:
5691:
5668:
5664:
5652:
5636:
5629:
5621:
5614:
5607:
5591:
5587:
5582:. 23 June 2022.
5578:
5577:
5573:
5554:
5550:
5541:
5540:
5536:
5525:
5521:
5512:
5511:
5507:
5502:
5498:
5489:
5488:
5484:
5465:
5461:
5456:. 18 July 2018.
5452:
5451:
5447:
5434:
5433:
5429:
5419:
5417:
5410:www.afropop.org
5404:
5403:
5399:
5391:10.1.1.569.2160
5383:
5382:
5378:
5359:
5355:
5329:
5325:
5298:
5294:
5289:
5285:
5272:
5268:
5261:
5245:
5241:
5236:
5232:
5225:
5209:
5205:
5200:
5196:
5190:
5186:
5181:. 7 March 2024.
5177:
5176:
5172:
5162:
5160:
5153:
5152:
5148:
5138:
5136:
5127:
5126:
5119:
5109:
5107:
5098:
5097:
5093:
5088:
5084:
5078:Wayback Machine
5069:
5065:
5058:
5044:
5040:
5031:
5030:
5026:
5017:
5013:
5005:
4989:
4985:
4953:
4948:
4932:
4928:
4919:
4899:10.2307/1158345
4883:
4879:
4870:
4866:
4858:
4842:
4838:
4813:
4799:
4795:
4788:
4772:
4768:
4754:
4738:
4734:
4715:
4711:
4704:
4688:
4684:
4677:
4661:
4654:
4645:
4638:
4629:
4622:
4609:
4602:
4593:
4589:
4580:
4579:
4575:
4559:
4558:
4554:
4531:
4527:
4512:
4499:
4498:
4494:
4489:
4485:
4476:
4472:
4457:
4444:
4443:
4439:
4432:
4416:
4412:
4365:
4361:
4334:
4330:
4325:
4321:
4302:
4298:
4293:
4289:
4282:
4266:
4262:
4253:
4249:
4242:
4228:
4224:
4209:
4193:
4189:
4174:
4160:
4156:
4149:
4135:
4131:
4124:
4110:
4106:
4091:
4077:
4073:
4066:
4052:
4048:
4038:
4036:
4028:
4027:
4023:
4008:
3992:
3988:
3977:
3973:
3966:
3952:
3948:
3941:
3925:
3918:
3911:
3897:
3890:
3879:
3875:
3868:
3850:
3846:
3840:
3836:
3831:
3827:
3822:
3818:
3807:
3803:
3796:
3780:
3776:
3767:
3763:
3756:
3740:
3736:
3729:
3713:
3709:
3699:
3697:
3695:
3676:
3667:
3648:
3644:
3635:
3634:
3627:
3617:
3615:
3604:
3600:
3593:
3577:
3573:
3565:
3561:
3554:
3538:
3534:
3525:
3521:
3511:
3495:
3491:
3481:
3479:
3470:
3469:
3465:
3455:
3453:
3452:on 26 June 2018
3444:
3443:
3439:
3433:Wayback Machine
3423:
3419:
3410:
3406:
3390:
3389:
3382:
3380:
3373:
3369:
3360:
3359:
3355:
3345:
3343:
3339:
3328:
3322:
3315:
3310:
3288:
3283:
3268:
3228:
3191:
3134:
3119:Simegnew Bekele
3071:
3058:
3024:
3015:Muluken Melesse
2969:
2950:
2924:
2905:
2862:
2847:Getatchew Haile
2814:
2801:
2764:
2733:
2688:
2667:Asnaketch Worku
2646:Andualem Aragie
2571:Abune Merkorios
2540:
2535:
2534:
2533:
2532:
2398:
2389:
2387:Notable Amharas
2365:
2350:
2345:
2335:, specifically
2324:in April 2023.
2267:
2240:
2221:
2203:
2164:House of Amhara
2148:
2089:
2079:
2073:
2070:
2067:
2054:
2050:
2043:
2036:
2032:
2027:
2018:
2014:
2009:
2000:
1990:Misir Wot is a
1988:
1983:
1974:
1966:
1961:
1952:
1948:
1943:
1934:
1930:
1925:
1916:
1912:
1907:
1872:coffee ceremony
1849:
1841:Main articles:
1839:
1811:
1790:
1783:
1779:
1774:
1765:
1761:
1756:
1747:
1743:
1738:
1729:
1725:
1720:
1711:
1707:
1702:
1693:
1685:
1676:
1668:
1659:
1651:
1593:double entendre
1581:. A revival of
1567:Asnaketch Worku
1492:, a six-string
1479:, a one-string
1465:
1457:Main articles:
1455:
1448:
1440:
1431:
1423:
1414:
1409:Getatchew Haile
1406:
1397:
1389:
1380:
1372:
1363:
1355:
1346:
1338:
1329:
1321:
1263:
1257:
1240:
1144:
1056:
1050:
1000:
994:
913:and the famous
895:Afar Depression
855:) cartographer
797:Ibn Taghribirdi
696:
688:Main articles:
686:
624:was erected on
566:founder of the
557:
551:
508:
454:
419:
197:
195:
177:
175:
157:
155:
137:
135:
117:
115:
97:
95:
84:
68:
62:
55:
40:
37:
32:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
8420:
8410:
8409:
8404:
8387:
8386:
8384:
8383:
8378:
8371:
8368:
8367:
8360:
8358:
8356:
8355:
8350:
8344:
8343:
8334:
8329:
8324:
8319:
8313:
8311:
8304:
8301:
8300:
8293:
8292:
8285:
8278:
8270:
8261:
8260:
8258:
8257:
8252:
8247:
8242:
8237:
8232:
8226:
8224:
8223:Non-Indigenous
8220:
8219:
8217:
8216:
8211:
8206:
8201:
8196:
8191:
8186:
8181:
8176:
8171:
8166:
8161:
8156:
8151:
8146:
8141:
8136:
8131:
8125:
8123:
8117:
8116:
8113:
8112:
8110:
8109:
8104:
8099:
8094:
8089:
8084:
8079:
8074:
8069:
8064:
8059:
8054:
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8034:
8029:
8024:
8018:
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8010:
8009:
8007:
8006:
8001:
7996:
7991:
7986:
7981:
7976:
7975:
7974:
7969:
7959:
7958:
7957:
7952:
7942:
7937:
7931:
7929:
7923:
7922:
7920:
7919:
7914:
7909:
7904:
7899:
7894:
7889:
7884:
7879:
7874:
7869:
7864:
7859:
7854:
7849:
7844:
7839:
7834:
7829:
7823:
7821:
7812:
7806:
7805:
7798:
7797:
7790:
7783:
7775:
7769:
7768:
7763:
7747:Ethiomedia.com
7736:
7735:External links
7733:
7732:
7731:
7717:
7697:
7694:
7693:
7692:
7687:
7685:Habesha people
7682:
7675:
7672:
7668:
7667:
7665:
7664:
7659:
7652:
7649:
7648:
7641:
7639:
7637:
7636:
7631:
7625:
7624:
7615:
7610:
7605:
7600:
7594:
7592:
7585:
7582:
7581:
7574:
7573:
7566:
7559:
7551:
7542:
7541:
7539:
7538:
7533:
7528:
7523:
7518:
7513:
7507:
7505:
7504:Non-Indigenous
7501:
7500:
7498:
7497:
7492:
7487:
7482:
7477:
7472:
7467:
7462:
7457:
7452:
7447:
7442:
7437:
7432:
7427:
7422:
7417:
7412:
7406:
7404:
7398:
7397:
7394:
7393:
7391:
7390:
7385:
7380:
7375:
7370:
7365:
7360:
7355:
7350:
7345:
7340:
7335:
7330:
7325:
7320:
7315:
7310:
7305:
7299:
7297:
7291:
7290:
7288:
7287:
7282:
7277:
7272:
7267:
7262:
7257:
7256:
7255:
7250:
7240:
7239:
7238:
7233:
7223:
7218:
7212:
7210:
7204:
7203:
7201:
7200:
7195:
7190:
7185:
7180:
7175:
7170:
7165:
7160:
7155:
7150:
7145:
7140:
7135:
7130:
7125:
7120:
7115:
7110:
7104:
7102:
7093:
7087:
7086:
7079:
7078:
7071:
7064:
7056:
7050:
7049:
7044:
7028:Ethiomedia.com
7017:
7016:External links
7014:
7013:
7012:
6998:
6978:
6975:
6972:
6971:
6956:
6931:
6924:
6912:Shinn, David H
6900:
6893:
6875:
6857:
6848:
6845:. p. 128.
6839:Gordon, Howard
6830:
6821:
6812:
6803:Kubik, Gerhard
6794:
6764:
6746:
6725:
6711:
6681:
6672:
6665:
6645:
6627:
6610:"Belay Zeleke"
6600:
6574:
6556:
6501:
6486:
6483:. p. 114.
6477:Belcher, Laura
6468:
6445:10.1086/386295
6439:(5): 1023–34.
6419:
6400:
6377:10.1086/338306
6351:
6325:
6299:
6222:
6156:
6144:Addis Standard
6130:
6107:
6100:
6077:
6068:
6061:
6040:
6025:
6018:
6000:
5993:
5975:
5940:
5927:(1): 273–286.
5907:
5880:
5853:(3): 189–206.
5837:
5803:(4): 393–404.
5783:
5764:(4): 393–404.
5748:
5741:
5714:
5689:
5662:
5650:
5627:
5612:
5605:
5585:
5571:
5548:
5534:
5519:
5505:
5496:
5482:
5459:
5445:
5427:
5397:
5376:
5353:
5323:
5312:(1): 299–322.
5292:
5283:
5266:
5259:
5239:
5230:
5223:
5203:
5194:
5184:
5170:
5146:
5117:
5106:on 24 May 2011
5091:
5082:
5063:
5056:
5038:
5024:
5011:
5003:
4983:
4946:
4926:
4877:
4864:
4856:
4836:
4793:
4786:
4766:
4752:
4732:
4709:
4702:
4682:
4675:
4652:
4636:
4620:
4600:
4587:
4573:
4552:
4525:
4510:
4492:
4483:
4470:
4455:
4437:
4430:
4410:
4381:10.2307/280596
4375:(3): 471–495.
4359:
4328:
4319:
4296:
4287:
4280:
4260:
4247:
4240:
4222:
4207:
4187:
4172:
4154:
4147:
4129:
4122:
4104:
4089:
4071:
4064:
4046:
4021:
4006:
3986:
3971:
3964:
3946:
3939:
3916:
3909:
3888:
3873:
3866:
3844:
3834:
3825:
3816:
3801:
3794:
3774:
3772:4(4), 179–190.
3761:
3754:
3734:
3727:
3707:
3693:
3665:
3642:
3625:
3598:
3591:
3571:
3559:
3552:
3532:
3526:Following the
3519:
3509:
3489:
3463:
3437:
3417:
3404:
3367:
3353:
3312:
3311:
3309:
3306:
3305:
3304:
3299:
3294:
3292:Habesha people
3287:
3284:
3282:
3281:
3275:
3267:
3264:
3263:
3262:
3256:
3250:
3244:
3235:
3227:
3224:
3223:
3222:
3216:
3210:
3207:Workneh Eshete
3204:
3198:
3190:
3187:
3186:
3185:
3179:
3173:
3167:
3158:
3156:Tekle Haymanot
3153:
3147:
3141:
3133:
3130:
3129:
3128:
3122:
3116:
3110:
3107:Seifu Makonnen
3104:
3094:
3088:
3082:
3075:Sahle Selassie
3070:
3067:
3066:
3065:
3057:
3054:
3053:
3052:
3046:
3043:Newaya Krestos
3040:
3034:Nagasi Krestos
3031:
3023:
3020:
3019:
3018:
3017:, Music Artist
3012:
3009:Mulatu Astatke
3006:
3000:
2994:
2988:
2982:
2976:
2968:
2965:
2964:
2963:
2957:
2949:
2946:
2945:
2944:
2931:
2928:Kebede Michael
2923:
2920:
2919:
2918:
2912:
2904:
2901:
2900:
2899:
2893:
2890:Haile Selassie
2887:
2881:
2875:
2869:
2861:
2858:
2857:
2856:
2850:
2844:
2838:
2832:
2830:Gedion Zelalem
2827:
2821:
2813:
2810:
2809:
2808:
2800:
2797:
2796:
2795:
2789:
2783:
2777:
2771:
2763:
2760:
2759:
2758:
2752:
2746:
2740:
2732:
2729:
2728:
2727:
2721:
2715:
2709:
2703:
2698:
2692:Baeda Maryam I
2687:
2684:
2683:
2682:
2676:
2673:Asrat Woldeyes
2670:
2664:
2658:
2652:
2643:
2637:
2631:
2626:
2620:
2614:
2608:
2602:
2596:
2590:
2584:
2579:
2573:
2568:
2562:Abuna Basilios
2559:
2553:
2547:
2539:
2536:
2531:
2530:
2525:
2520:
2515:
2510:
2505:
2500:
2495:
2490:
2485:
2480:
2475:
2470:
2465:
2460:
2455:
2450:
2445:
2440:
2435:
2430:
2425:
2420:
2415:
2410:
2405:
2399:
2393:
2391:
2390:
2388:
2385:
2364:
2361:
2354:Horn of Africa
2349:
2346:
2344:
2341:
2279:Welkait-Tegede
2266:
2263:
2239:
2236:
2234:
2233:
2181:Turkana people
2152:Abba Gorgoryos
2147:
2144:
2081:
2080:
2057:
2055:
2048:
2042:
2039:
2038:
2037:
2028:
2021:
2019:
2010:
2003:
2001:
1984:
1977:
1975:
1962:
1955:
1953:
1944:
1937:
1935:
1926:
1919:
1917:
1908:
1901:
1897:and weddings.
1838:
1835:
1810:
1807:
1789:
1786:
1785:
1784:
1781:(1984–present)
1775:
1768:
1766:
1763:(1976–present)
1757:
1750:
1748:
1745:(1959–present)
1739:
1732:
1730:
1727:(1950–present)
1721:
1714:
1712:
1709:(1943–present)
1705:Mulatu Astatke
1703:
1696:
1694:
1686:
1679:
1677:
1669:
1662:
1660:
1652:
1645:
1639:Gimbi massacre
1545:Mulatu Astatke
1454:
1451:
1450:
1449:
1446:(1948–present)
1441:
1434:
1432:
1424:
1417:
1415:
1407:
1400:
1398:
1392:Kebede Michael
1390:
1383:
1381:
1373:
1366:
1364:
1356:
1349:
1347:
1339:
1332:
1330:
1324:Abba Gorgoryos
1322:
1315:
1275:Abba Gorgoryos
1259:Main article:
1256:
1253:
1246:An example of
1239:
1236:
1143:
1140:
1120:Gambela Region
1078:branch of the
1052:Main article:
1049:
1046:
993:
990:
978:Haile Selassie
970:Sahle Selassie
924:A portrait of
879:Abba Gorgoryos
711:Horn of Africa
685:
682:
553:Main article:
550:
547:
512:Folk etymology
507:
504:
482:and a Semitic
453:
450:
438:hagiographical
427:land of Wargih
418:
415:
300:
299:
261:
260:
256:
255:
228:
227:
223:
222:
216:
215:
211:
210:
207:
191:
190:
187:
171:
170:
167:
164:United Kingdom
151:
150:
147:
131:
130:
127:
111:
110:
107:
91:
90:
86:
85:
78:
70:
69:
48:
38:
35:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
8419:
8408:
8405:
8403:
8400:
8399:
8397:
8382:
8379:
8377:
8374:
8373:
8369:
8364:
8354:
8351:
8349:
8346:
8345:
8342:
8338:
8335:
8333:
8330:
8328:
8325:
8323:
8320:
8318:
8315:
8314:
8308:
8302:
8298:
8291:
8286:
8284:
8279:
8277:
8272:
8271:
8268:
8256:
8253:
8251:
8248:
8246:
8243:
8241:
8238:
8236:
8233:
8231:
8228:
8227:
8225:
8221:
8215:
8212:
8210:
8207:
8205:
8202:
8200:
8197:
8195:
8192:
8190:
8187:
8185:
8182:
8180:
8177:
8175:
8172:
8170:
8167:
8165:
8162:
8160:
8157:
8155:
8152:
8150:
8147:
8145:
8142:
8140:
8137:
8135:
8132:
8130:
8127:
8126:
8124:
8122:
8118:
8108:
8105:
8103:
8100:
8098:
8095:
8093:
8090:
8088:
8085:
8083:
8080:
8078:
8075:
8073:
8070:
8068:
8065:
8063:
8060:
8058:
8055:
8053:
8050:
8048:
8045:
8043:
8040:
8038:
8035:
8033:
8030:
8028:
8025:
8023:
8020:
8019:
8017:
8015:
8011:
8005:
8002:
8000:
7997:
7995:
7992:
7990:
7987:
7985:
7982:
7980:
7977:
7973:
7970:
7968:
7965:
7964:
7963:
7960:
7956:
7953:
7951:
7948:
7947:
7946:
7943:
7941:
7938:
7936:
7933:
7932:
7930:
7928:
7924:
7918:
7915:
7913:
7910:
7908:
7905:
7903:
7900:
7898:
7895:
7893:
7890:
7888:
7885:
7883:
7880:
7878:
7875:
7873:
7870:
7868:
7865:
7863:
7860:
7858:
7855:
7853:
7850:
7848:
7845:
7843:
7840:
7838:
7835:
7833:
7830:
7828:
7825:
7824:
7822:
7820:
7816:
7813:
7811:
7807:
7803:
7796:
7791:
7789:
7784:
7782:
7777:
7776:
7773:
7767:
7764:
7752:
7748:
7744:
7739:
7738:
7730:
7729:0-226-45763-X
7726:
7722:
7718:
7715:
7714:3-447-04496-9
7711:
7707:
7703:
7700:
7699:
7691:
7688:
7686:
7683:
7681:
7678:
7677:
7663:
7660:
7658:
7655:
7654:
7650:
7645:
7635:
7632:
7630:
7627:
7626:
7623:
7619:
7616:
7614:
7611:
7609:
7606:
7604:
7601:
7599:
7596:
7595:
7589:
7583:
7579:
7572:
7567:
7565:
7560:
7558:
7553:
7552:
7549:
7537:
7534:
7532:
7529:
7527:
7524:
7522:
7519:
7517:
7514:
7512:
7509:
7508:
7506:
7502:
7496:
7493:
7491:
7488:
7486:
7483:
7481:
7478:
7476:
7473:
7471:
7468:
7466:
7463:
7461:
7458:
7456:
7453:
7451:
7448:
7446:
7443:
7441:
7438:
7436:
7433:
7431:
7428:
7426:
7423:
7421:
7418:
7416:
7413:
7411:
7408:
7407:
7405:
7403:
7399:
7389:
7386:
7384:
7381:
7379:
7376:
7374:
7371:
7369:
7366:
7364:
7361:
7359:
7356:
7354:
7351:
7349:
7346:
7344:
7341:
7339:
7336:
7334:
7331:
7329:
7326:
7324:
7321:
7319:
7316:
7314:
7311:
7309:
7306:
7304:
7301:
7300:
7298:
7296:
7292:
7286:
7283:
7281:
7278:
7276:
7273:
7271:
7268:
7266:
7263:
7261:
7258:
7254:
7251:
7249:
7246:
7245:
7244:
7241:
7237:
7234:
7232:
7229:
7228:
7227:
7224:
7222:
7219:
7217:
7214:
7213:
7211:
7209:
7205:
7199:
7196:
7194:
7191:
7189:
7186:
7184:
7181:
7179:
7176:
7174:
7171:
7169:
7166:
7164:
7161:
7159:
7156:
7154:
7151:
7149:
7146:
7144:
7141:
7139:
7136:
7134:
7131:
7129:
7126:
7124:
7121:
7119:
7116:
7114:
7111:
7109:
7106:
7105:
7103:
7101:
7097:
7094:
7092:
7088:
7084:
7077:
7072:
7070:
7065:
7063:
7058:
7057:
7054:
7048:
7045:
7033:
7029:
7025:
7020:
7019:
7011:
7010:0-226-45763-X
7007:
7003:
6999:
6996:
6995:3-447-04496-9
6992:
6988:
6984:
6981:
6980:
6967:
6963:
6959:
6953:
6948:
6947:
6941:
6935:
6927:
6921:
6917:
6913:
6907:
6905:
6896:
6890:
6886:
6879:
6872:. p. 44.
6871:
6867:
6861:
6852:
6844:
6840:
6834:
6825:
6816:
6809:. p. 64.
6808:
6804:
6798:
6790:
6785:
6784:
6778:
6774:
6768:
6760:
6756:
6750:
6735:
6729:
6721:
6715:
6699:
6695:
6691:
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6585:
6578:
6571:. p. 46.
6570:
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6340:
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6333:Khan, Razib.
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6218:
6213:
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6170:PLOS Genetics
6167:
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5624:
5623:Amhara people
5619:
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5226:
5220:
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5188:
5180:
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5135:on 7 May 2017
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3049:Newaya Maryam
3047:
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3032:
3029:
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2879:
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2864:
2863:
2854:
2851:
2849:, philologist
2848:
2845:
2842:
2841:Gelila Bekele
2839:
2836:
2833:
2831:
2828:
2825:
2822:
2819:
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2806:
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2262:
2260:
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2253:
2249:
2245:
2232:
2230:
2224:
2223:Amhara forces
2220:
2216:
2215:Turkana tribe
2213:
2212:
2211:
2210:
2206:
2205:Turkana tribe
2202:
2198:
2197:Amhara forces
2192:
2190:
2186:
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2178:
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2112:
2110:
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2103:
2099:
2093:
2088:
2077:
2074:November 2020
2065:
2061:
2056:
2047:
2046:
2031:
2025:
2020:
2013:
2007:
2002:
1997:
1993:
1987:
1981:
1976:
1971:
1965:
1959:
1954:
1947:
1941:
1936:
1929:
1923:
1918:
1911:
1905:
1900:
1899:
1898:
1896:
1892:
1888:
1884:
1879:
1877:
1873:
1868:
1866:
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1854:
1848:
1844:
1834:
1832:
1828:
1824:
1820:
1815:
1806:
1799:
1794:
1778:
1777:Zeritu Kebede
1772:
1767:
1760:
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1749:
1742:
1736:
1731:
1724:
1718:
1713:
1706:
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1689:
1683:
1678:
1672:
1666:
1661:
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1643:
1642:
1640:
1636:
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1629:In June 2022
1627:
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1597:sam-enna warq
1594:
1590:
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1580:
1579:Telela Kebede
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1215:. Easter and
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1183:
1179:
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1129:
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1112:Amhara Region
1109:
1105:
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1097:
1092:
1090:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1072:mother tongue
1069:
1065:
1061:
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1039:The separate
1037:
1035:
1030:
1028:
1024:
1021:
1017:
1009:
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999:
989:
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979:
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912:
908:
905:and northern
904:
900:
896:
892:
891:Bashilo River
888:
884:
880:
876:
872:
868:
867:
862:
858:
854:
850:
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778:
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751:lingua franca
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727:
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712:
708:
704:
700:
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691:
681:
679:
678:Lessana Negus
675:
671:
670:Zagwe dynasty
666:
664:
660:
656:
651:
649:
646:According to
644:
642:
638:
633:
631:
627:
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618:
616:
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604:
600:
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592:
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583:Amhara Region
580:
576:
569:
565:
561:
556:
546:
544:
534:
525:
521:
517:
514:traces it to
513:
503:
501:
497:
493:
489:
485:
481:
477:
474:
470:
466:
462:
461:Ethio-Semitic
458:
449:
447:
443:
439:
434:
432:
428:
424:
421:The earliest
414:
412:
408:
404:
399:
397:
392:
390:
386:
382:
379:. They speak
378:
377:North America
373:
371:
367:
363:
362:Amhara Region
359:
355:
351:
347:
342:
330:
325:
319:
310:
306:
298:
294:
290:
286:
282:
278:
274:
270:
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262:
257:
253:
249:
245:
241:
237:
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229:
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221:
217:
212:
208:
205:
192:
188:
185:
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168:
165:
152:
148:
145:
132:
128:
125:
124:United States
112:
108:
105:
92:
87:
82:
76:
71:
66:
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34:
30:
29:Aymara people
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7972:Chebo people
7950:Beta Abraham
7934:
7810:Afro-Asiatic
7755:. Retrieved
7751:the original
7746:
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7231:Beta Abraham
7215:
7091:Afro-Asiatic
7036:. Retrieved
7032:the original
7027:
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6773:Foster, Mary
6767:
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6749:
6737:. Retrieved
6728:
6714:
6702:. Retrieved
6698:the original
6693:
6684:
6675:
6659:. Springer.
6655:
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6639:
6630:
6618:. Retrieved
6614:the original
6603:
6591:. Retrieved
6588:The Guardian
6587:
6577:
6568:
6559:
6547:. Retrieved
6543:
6495:
6489:
6480:
6471:
6436:
6432:
6422:
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6371:(1): 265–8.
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6338:
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6316:. Retrieved
6312:
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6110:
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5800:
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5414:the original
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5339:
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5309:
5305:
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5192:Booksellers.
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5155:
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5094:
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4867:
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4839:
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4759:
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4590:
4576:
4567:
4562:
4555:
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4538:
4534:
4528:
4501:
4495:
4486:
4478:
4473:
4446:
4440:
4420:
4413:
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4341:
4331:
4322:
4313:
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4299:
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4270:
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4250:
4231:
4225:
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4190:
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4157:
4138:
4132:
4113:
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4080:
4074:
4055:
4049:
4037:. Retrieved
4033:
4024:
3996:
3989:
3980:
3974:
3955:
3949:
3929:
3900:
3882:
3876:
3857:
3847:
3837:
3828:
3819:
3813:. p. 2.
3810:
3804:
3784:
3777:
3769:
3764:
3744:
3737:
3717:
3710:
3698:. Retrieved
3683:
3651:
3645:
3616:. Retrieved
3612:the original
3601:
3581:
3574:
3562:
3542:
3535:
3522:
3514:
3499:
3492:
3480:. Retrieved
3475:
3466:
3454:. Retrieved
3450:the original
3440:
3420:
3407:
3381:. Retrieved
3370:
3356:
3344:. Retrieved
3337:the original
3332:
3238:Yekuno Amlak
3213:Wossen Seged
3113:Seifu Mikael
3091:Sarsa Dengel
2878:Haile Gerima
2718:Belay Zeleke
2712:Bashah Aboye
2661:Asfaw Wossen
2634:Amda Seyon I
2576:Abune Petros
2556:Abebe Bikila
2550:Abebe Aregai
2373:Haplogroup J
2366:
2358:
2351:
2326:
2315:
2268:
2256:
2252:'Amharaness'
2241:
2226:
2222:
2218:
2214:
2208:
2204:
2200:
2196:
2194:
2170:
2161:
2149:
2130:
2125:
2121:
2117:
2113:
2106:
2102:Meles Zenawi
2094:
2090:
2071:
2059:
2016:Honey Wine.
1880:
1869:
1861:
1850:
1830:
1826:
1822:
1818:
1816:
1812:
1803:
1798:Saint George
1628:
1622:
1605:
1601:wax and gold
1600:
1596:
1582:
1571:
1562:
1558:
1548:
1534:
1529:
1523:
1519:
1513:
1507:
1497:
1487:
1474:
1468:
1466:
1296:
1291:
1264:
1228:
1221:
1210:
1174:Christianity
1167:
1151:
1132:Ge'ez script
1127:
1100:
1093:
1080:Afro-Asiatic
1070:") as their
1067:
1063:
1059:
1057:
1038:
1033:
1031:
1016:Afro-Asiatic
1013:
982:
976:and Emperor
931:
882:
870:
864:
861:Regno Hamara
860:
845:
810:
806:Sa'ad ad-Din
792:
770:
762:Lebna Dengel
749:
742:Yekuno Amlak
737:
718:Yekuno Amlak
716:
703:Amda Seyon I
677:
667:
652:
645:
634:
619:
572:
564:Yekuno Amlak
542:
532:
519:
515:
509:
484:superstratum
455:
452:Ethnogenesis
440:source from
435:
433:in 1128 AD.
429:against the
426:
420:
400:
393:
385:Afro-Asiatic
374:
350:ethnic group
304:
303:
293:Ethiosemitic
232:Christianity
39:Ethnic group
33:
7955:Falash Mura
7945:Beta Israel
7757:28 February
7702:Wolf Leslau
7236:Falash Mura
7226:Beta Israel
7038:28 February
6983:Wolf Leslau
6866:Young, John
6549:13 December
6313:Archaeology
6123:28 November
5956:: 101–131.
5163:17 February
4348:: 173–183.
3700:28 December
3176:Tewodros II
3138:Taytu Betul
3101:Meridazmach
3097:Sebestyanos
3036:, ruler of
3003:Menen Asfaw
2960:Liya Kebede
2938:Meridazmach
2934:Kidane Kale
2824:Gebre Tasfa
2818:Gebre Hanna
2679:Aster Aweke
2640:Amha Iyasus
2173:Lake Rudolf
2156:Hiob Ludolf
1928:Gored gored
1895:Saints Days
1889:(beer) and
1741:Aster Aweke
1691:(1941–2021)
1674:(1940-2009)
1657:(1935-2016)
1429:(1936-2006)
1412:(1931-2021)
1395:(1916-1998)
1378:(1884-1977)
1361:(1878-1938)
1344:(1868-1947)
1327:(1595-1658)
1287:Hiob Ludolf
1206:Beta Israel
1176:, with the
986:Bete Amhara
926:Tewodros II
899:Awash River
875:Hiob Ludolf
777:Bete Amhara
648:Karl Butzer
579:Bete Amhara
500:Bete Amhara
459:is a South
411:Yohannes IV
273:Beta Israel
8396:Categories
6787:. p.
6739:9 February
6620:9 February
6593:9 February
6344:28 October
6318:28 October
5566:1080436962
5420:11 January
5139:9 February
4727:1036800537
4568:Britannica
4217:1083204409
4016:1083204409
3456:24 January
3346:29 October
3308:References
3302:Ethiopians
3272:Zara Yaqob
3182:The Weeknd
3144:Teddy Afro
3125:Susenyos I
2991:Menelik II
2954:Leul Sagad
2835:Gelawdewos
2768:Eden Alene
2655:Anestasyos
2322:Amhara War
2283:Raya Azebo
2271:Tigray War
2134:Herrenvolk
1847:Wat (food)
1759:Teddy Afro
1635:Abiy Ahmed
1631:Teddy Afro
1619:Teddy Afro
1587:; Amharic
1563:Golden age
1537:Ethiopians
1496:; and the
1255:Literature
1194:Protestant
974:Menelik II
972:, Emperor
887:Abay River
866:Mappomondo
859:, notes a
661:region of
488:linguistic
480:substratum
398:) people.
396:Abyssinian
348:-speaking
8255:Jamaicans
8199:Shanqella
8189:Nyangatom
8097:Wolaitans
7847:Daasanach
7536:Jamaicans
7480:Shanqella
7470:Nyangatom
7378:Wolaitans
7128:Daasanach
6704:6 January
6276:0027-8424
6249:1307.8014
5970:164336903
5875:144103747
5825:144828563
5817:1472-5843
5778:144828563
5514:"Line-up"
5386:CiteSeerX
5371:978295392
4915:144428371
4760:Shanqalla
4520:824502290
4465:824502290
4405:162374800
4389:0002-7316
4182:824502290
4099:824502290
3854:"Amharic"
3660:810950153
3637:"Amharic"
3085:Sara Nuru
2805:Fasilides
2749:Dawit III
2720:, patriot
2675:, Surgeon
2623:Alemu Aga
2613:, painter
2578:, patriot
1986:Misir Wot
1865:Pentecost
1823:kal kidan
1723:Alemu Aga
1595:known as
1279:Thuringia
1096:Rastafari
1029:peoples.
1023:Shanqella
911:Lake Hayq
857:Fra Mauro
789:Abyssinia
630:Kombolcha
626:Lake Hayq
597:, Wollo,
506:Etymology
318:romanized
281:Tigrayans
214:Languages
184:Australia
8341:Tigrinya
8327:Tigrayan
8250:Italians
8235:Armenian
8092:Shinasha
7994:Tigrayan
7877:Kambaata
7819:Cushitic
7674:See also
7622:Tigrinya
7608:Tigrayan
7531:Italians
7516:Armenian
7373:Shinasha
7275:Tigrayan
7158:Kambaata
7100:Cushitic
6966:33078505
6942:(1996).
6868:(1997).
6841:(2011).
6805:(2017).
6779:(1986).
6757:(2015).
6567:(1998).
6479:(2012).
6463:15069642
6411:Archived
6395:11719903
6294:24550290
6202:24921250
6088:(2000).
5921:Scrinium
5867:41931261
5477:71298502
5110:26 March
5074:Archived
4977:83677517
4547:43660191
4039:19 April
3681:(2000).
3618:12 April
3429:Archived
3393:cite web
3286:See also
3247:Yeshaq I
3103:of Shewa
3081:of Shewa
2915:Iyasu II
2792:Eskender
2743:Dawit II
2343:Genetics
2309:aligned
1910:Doro Wot
1565:such as
1559:Shellela
1224:arranged
1217:Epiphany
1198:P'ent'ay
1170:religion
1160:for the
1158:Epiphany
1142:Religion
1108:Tigrinya
1068:Amarinya
1064:Amarigna
1048:Language
946:Begemder
853:Venetian
841:Begemder
674:Lalibela
591:Begemder
473:Cushitic
354:Ethiopia
344:) are a
341:ʾÄməḥära
291:• other
285:Tigrinya
252:Haymanot
226:Religion
104:Ethiopia
8240:Chinese
8149:Kichepo
8032:Basketo
7940:Argobba
7927:Semitic
7907:Somalis
7521:Chinese
7430:Kichepo
7313:Basketo
7221:Argobba
7208:Semitic
7188:Somalis
6454:1181965
6285:3932865
6254:Bibcode
6193:4055572
6149:25 June
5830:28 June
5440:NPR.org
4907:1158345
4824:7277897
4810:7277897
3383:22 June
3278:Zewditu
2909:Iyasu I
2737:Dawit I
2706:Bakaffa
2337:Wollega
2229:Menelik
2060:updated
1970:Berbere
1837:Cuisine
1819:semanya
1633:bashed
1607:Amharic
1532:drums.
1530:Negarit
1520:Meleket
1509:Eskista
1504:Azmaris
1499:washint
1476:masenqo
1283:Germany
1267:Amharic
1238:Culture
1232:baptism
1136:abugida
1076:Semitic
1060:Amharic
1054:Amharic
1020:Nilotic
829:Argobba
783:in 704
746:Amharic
726:Solomon
672:prince
587:Dembiya
549:History
469:Argobba
457:Amharic
444:traces
423:extants
389:Semitic
381:Amharic
346:Semitic
320::
309:Amharic
305:Amharas
269:Argobba
248:Judaism
220:Amharic
204:Finland
129:248,199
58:Amharic
43:Amharas
8337:Tegaru
8322:Gurage
8317:Amhara
8245:Greeks
8164:Majang
8014:Omotic
7989:Wolane
7984:Silt'e
7979:Harari
7962:Gurage
7935:Amhara
7912:Tsamai
7902:Sidama
7892:Qemant
7867:Hadiya
7837:Arbore
7727:
7712:
7618:Tegaru
7603:Gurage
7598:Amhara
7526:Greeks
7445:Majang
7295:Omotic
7270:Wolane
7265:Silt'e
7260:Harari
7243:Gurage
7216:Amhara
7193:Tsamai
7183:Sidama
7173:Qemant
7148:Hadiya
7118:Arbore
7008:
6993:
6964:
6954:
6922:
6891:
6663:
6461:
6451:
6393:
6386:384897
6383:
6292:
6282:
6274:
6200:
6190:
6098:
6059:
6016:
5991:
5968:
5873:
5865:
5823:
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5564:
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5221:
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4887:Africa
4873:Africa
4854:
4822:
4808:
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4750:
4725:
4700:
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4518:
4508:
4463:
4453:
4428:
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4395:
4387:
4316:: 274.
4278:
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4215:
4205:
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4097:
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3937:
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3752:
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3589:
3550:
3507:
3482:30 May
2701:Bafena
2383:type.
2333:Oromia
2297:, and
2295:Gonder
2291:Gojjam
1992:Lentil
1876:Jebena
1853:injera
1827:qurban
1589:poetic
1550:Tizita
1525:Kebero
1515:begena
1486:; the
1202:Jewish
1190:Muslim
1156:– the
1153:Timkat
1089:Arabic
954:Gojjam
950:Gondar
942:Dawaro
833:Gojjam
801:Yeshaq
738:Amhara
607:Semien
595:Gojjam
520:mehare
465:Gurage
446:Amhara
431:Wärjih
417:Origin
277:Gurage
201:
181:
161:
149:30,395
144:Canada
141:
121:
101:
63:ዐምሐራ (
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8179:Mursi
8174:Murle
8169:Mekan
8159:Kwegu
8154:Kwama
8144:Gumuz
8139:Berta
8129:Anuak
8107:Zayse
8102:Yemsa
8087:Maale
8082:Koore
8077:Konta
8072:Hamar
8057:Dorze
8047:Dawro
8042:Chara
8037:Bench
8027:Banna
7999:Werji
7917:Weyto
7887:Oromo
7882:Konso
7862:Gedeo
7857:Gabra
7852:Danta
7495:Tirma
7490:Surma
7485:Shita
7475:Shabo
7460:Mursi
7455:Murle
7450:Mekan
7440:Kwegu
7435:Kwama
7425:Gumuz
7420:Berta
7410:Anuak
7388:Zayse
7383:Yemsa
7368:Maale
7363:Koore
7358:Konta
7353:Hamar
7338:Dorze
7328:Dawro
7323:Chara
7318:Bench
7308:Banna
7280:Werji
7198:Weyto
7168:Oromo
7163:Konso
7143:Gedeo
7138:Gabra
7133:Danta
6244:arXiv
5966:S2CID
5871:S2CID
5863:JSTOR
5821:S2CID
5774:S2CID
5658:damoz
4973:S2CID
4922:Abbay
4911:S2CID
4903:JSTOR
4832:Manjo
4543:JSTOR
4401:S2CID
4393:JSTOR
3842:1906.
3340:(PDF)
3329:(PDF)
3232:Yaqob
3079:Negus
3038:Shewa
3028:Na'od
2942:Shewa
2299:Shewa
2287:Wollo
1998:dish.
1996:vegan
1887:tella
1883:kemis
1857:mesob
1831:damoz
1611:EPRDF
1481:bowed
1470:Qañat
1453:Music
1294:novel
1271:Latin
1248:Ge'ez
1204:(see
1196:(see
1134:, an
1128:Fidal
1104:Oromo
1034:barya
1027:Oromo
1008:Negus
966:Shewa
938:Shewa
907:Shewa
903:Wollo
837:Lasta
825:Gafat
785:Hijri
663:Lasta
659:Zagwe
655:Aksum
637:Habru
611:Angot
603:Shewa
599:Lasta
575:Wollo
524:Ge'ez
516:amari
496:Geʽez
383:, an
329:Ge'ez
324:Āmara
244:Sunni
240:Islam
209:1,515
189:4,515
169:8,620
65:Ge'ez
8184:Nuer
8134:Bare
8067:Gofa
8062:Gamo
8052:Dizi
8022:Aari
7897:Saho
7872:Irob
7832:Agaw
7827:Afar
7759:2005
7725:ISBN
7710:ISBN
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7415:Bare
7348:Gofa
7343:Gamo
7333:Dizi
7303:Aari
7178:Saho
7153:Irob
7113:Agaw
7108:Afar
7040:2005
7006:ISBN
6991:ISBN
6962:OCLC
6952:ISBN
6920:ISBN
6889:ISBN
6741:2015
6706:2017
6661:ISBN
6622:2015
6595:2015
6551:2020
6459:PMID
6391:PMID
6346:2023
6320:2023
6290:PMID
6272:ISSN
6198:PMID
6151:2021
6125:2020
6096:ISBN
6057:ISBN
6014:ISBN
5989:ISBN
5832:2021
5813:ISSN
5737:ISBN
5646:ISBN
5601:ISBN
5562:OCLC
5473:OCLC
5422:2022
5367:OCLC
5255:ISBN
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5165:2017
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4506:ISBN
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4085:ISBN
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4012:OCLC
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3862:ISBN
3790:ISBN
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3723:ISBN
3702:2016
3689:ISBN
3656:OCLC
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3505:ISBN
3484:2022
3458:2019
3399:link
3385:2024
3348:2014
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2303:Fano
2281:and
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2183:and
2030:Buna
1946:Tibs
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