304:
299:
The division of
Ethiopic into northern and southern branches was proposed by Cohen (1931) and Hetzron (1972) and garnered broad acceptance, but has been challenged by Rainer Voigt, who concludes that the northern and southern languages are closely related.
254:
some 2,800 years ago. This statistical analysis could not estimate when or where the ancestor of all
Semitic languages diverged from Afroasiatic, but it suggested that the divergence of East, Central, and South Semitic branches most likely occurred in the
1156:
Weninger, Stefan. "Vom Altäthiopischen zu den neuäthiopischen
Sprachen" [From Old Ethiopian to the New Ethiopian Languages]. In Haspelmath, Martin; König, Ekkehard; Oesterreicher, Wulf; Raible, Wolfgang (eds.).
954:
241:
of the South
Semitic languages is widely debated, with some sources, such as A. Murtonen (1967) and Lionel Bender (1997), suggesting an origin in Ethiopia, and others suggesting the southern portion of the
965:
920:
1191:
792:
3099:
1779:
1135:
1009:
17:
1922:
3084:
2490:
2447:
2422:
2480:
2465:
2475:
930:
3074:
981:
2510:
2505:
1184:
1772:
1036:
872:"Bayesian phylogenetic analysis of Semitic languages identifies an Early Bronze Age origin of Semitic in the Near East"
223:
1096:
851:
227:
2437:
684:
2442:
2432:
1915:
3089:
2705:
1177:
3094:
2427:
2337:
1765:
793:"Up todate Assessment of the results of the research on the Dahalik language (December 1996 - December 2005)"
2500:
2485:
3008:
2495:
2204:
1253:
1148:
210:
has 7 million speakers and is the most widely spoken language in
Eritrea. There is a small population of
184:
3079:
2358:
2351:
1908:
2063:
1344:
222:
going back to the first century AD. It is no longer spoken but remains the liturgical language of the
2924:
2311:
2287:
2274:
2010:
1990:
1955:
1301:
799:
463:
2716:
2414:
1746:
1547:
1537:
1512:
2695:
2305:
1960:
1602:
275:
forced its inhabitants to migrate in the fourth millennium BCE – some southeast into what is now
176:
83:
2136:
1973:
1950:
1945:
1612:
260:
78:
2396:
3052:
2655:
2380:
2049:
2035:
1200:
730:
510:
Hudson (2013) recognises five primary branches of
Ethiosemitic. His classification is below.
449:
380:
199:
68:
1630:
870:
Kitchen, Andrew; Ehret, Christopher; Assefa, Shiferaw; Mulligan, Connie J. (29 April 2009).
2979:
2721:
2114:
1788:
1062:
8:
2993:
2662:
2605:
2533:
2519:
2390:
2185:
2146:
748:
Woldemikael, Tekle M. (April 2003). "Language, Education, and Public Policy in
Eritrea".
238:
1685:
1379:
1331:
1129:
1003:
896:
871:
773:
765:
620:
602:
385:
2836:
2726:
1306:
130:
2965:
2790:
2669:
2542:
2367:
2325:
2190:
1983:
1931:
1828:
1802:
1592:
1582:
1487:
1472:
1444:
1399:
1316:
1234:
1162:
1092:
926:
901:
847:
777:
690:
532:
523:
339:
243:
215:
207:
180:
73:
1665:
3045:
3000:
2986:
2819:
2778:
2741:
2646:
2632:
2598:
2568:
2549:
2344:
2318:
2293:
2269:
2243:
2236:
2176:
2159:
2131:
2107:
1999:
1889:
1884:
1812:
1725:
1477:
1467:
1454:
1394:
1384:
1276:
1266:
891:
883:
757:
631:
577:
567:
553:
397:
365:
329:
231:
3013:
2919:
2893:
2824:
2736:
2676:
2584:
2577:
2561:
2555:
2402:
2298:
2164:
2154:
1879:
1848:
1730:
1660:
1439:
1434:
1429:
1419:
1409:
1354:
1291:
1281:
1229:
615:
610:
572:
563:
549:
454:
438:
393:
389:
375:
272:
251:
219:
191:
160:
63:
2250:
2973:
2929:
2899:
2882:
2876:
2783:
2731:
2612:
2452:
2280:
1863:
1843:
1695:
1675:
1670:
1655:
1650:
1640:
1635:
1625:
1620:
1587:
1557:
1552:
1527:
1522:
1517:
1507:
1502:
1492:
1482:
1414:
1404:
1389:
1374:
1369:
1364:
1359:
1311:
1296:
1224:
587:
582:
558:
545:
539:
528:
475:
467:
444:
427:
421:
334:
247:
211:
303:
3068:
2909:
2904:
2828:
2590:
2170:
1858:
1853:
1838:
1833:
1705:
1700:
1690:
1680:
1645:
1577:
1572:
1567:
1562:
1542:
1532:
1497:
1462:
1424:
1339:
1286:
1214:
712:
694:
591:
485:
479:
471:
214:
speakers in Sudan, and it is the second-most spoken language in
Eritrea. The
2084:
661:
2852:
1597:
1349:
1321:
905:
887:
698:
624:
606:
403:
264:
2409:
2229:
1063:"Constitution of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia – Article 5"
288:
1169:
689:. Moscow: Nauka, Central Department of Oriental Literature. p. 12.
362:– Amharic is the working language of the Federal Government of Ethiopia.
2091:
2042:
1757:
769:
716:
190:
With 57,500,000 total speakers as of 2019, including around 25,100,000
2056:
1021:
1016:
Faber, Alice (2005). "Genetic
Subgrouping of the Semitic Languages".
123:
1900:
761:
2639:
2098:
2070:
276:
164:
48:
2773:
1271:
323:
202:
and second-most widely spoken
Semitic language in the world after
2815:
2213:
2077:
1261:
1219:
635:
359:
195:
168:
52:
3019:
2019:
1807:
280:
268:
256:
203:
198:
is the most widely spoken of the group, the most widely spoken
250:
suggested the latter, with Ethiosemitic being introduced from
922:
The Origin of the Jews: The Quest for Roots in a Rootless Age
284:
172:
56:
1089:
Northeast African Semitic: Lexical Comparisons and Analysis
1037:"Ethiopia to Add 4 More Official Languages to Foster Unity"
263:
originated from an offshoot of a still earlier language in
869:
27:
Family of languages spoken in Ethiopia, Eritrea, and Sudan
876:
Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
925:. Princeton: Princeton University Press. p. 69.
686:
Semito-Hamitic Languages: An Essay in Classification
994:Leslau, Wolf (1970). "Ethiopic and South Arabian".
723:
3066:
996:Linguistics in South West Asia and North Africa
791:Simeone-Senelle, Marie-Claude (December 2005).
790:
1916:
1773:
1185:
1145:Ethiopian Semitic: studies in classification
846:. Manchester University Press. p. 122.
844:Ethiopian Semitic: Studies in Classification
823:Bender, L. (1997). "Upside Down Afrasian".
747:
1923:
1909:
1780:
1766:
1192:
1178:
1134:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1008:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
992:For its membership in North Ethiopic, see
1199:
1159:Language Typology and Language Universals
895:
1787:
1091:. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz. p. 289.
918:
682:
302:
1142:
841:
38:Ethiopian Semitic, Ethiopic, Abyssinian
14:
3067:
1086:
993:
822:
279:, others northeast out of Africa into
175:. They form the western branch of the
1930:
1904:
1761:
1173:
1115:
1015:
441:– extinct (sometimes considered Inor)
1155:
865:
863:
683:Diakonov, Igor Mikhailovich (1965).
656:
654:
488:(dialects Ennemor , Endegegn, Gyeto)
955:"North vs. South Ethiopian Semitic"
676:
228:Eritrean Orthodox Tewahedo Churches
24:
3051:Languages between parentheses are
1161:(in German). Vol. 2. Berlin:
307:Genealogy of the Semitic languages
218:has a literary history in its own
25:
3111:
952:
860:
651:
294:
246:. A recent 2009 study based on a
1068:. Federal Government of Ethiopia
505:
3085:Western South Semitic languages
1109:
1080:
1055:
1029:
986:
946:
912:
259:. According to other scholars,
3055:of the language on their left.
835:
825:Afrikanistische Arbeitspapiere
816:
784:
741:
705:
267:, perhaps in the southeastern
230:, as well as their respective
13:
1:
3100:Subject–verb–object languages
1118:Études d'éthiopien méridional
644:
7:
3075:Ethiopian Semitic languages
1149:Manchester University Press
353:Transversal South Ethiopic
185:Afroasiatic language family
10:
3116:
1122:Southern Ethiopian Studies
3037:
2964:
2865:
2806:
2799:
2766:
2757:
2750:
2703:
2694:
2624:
2532:
2379:
2260:
2221:
2212:
2203:
2145:
2124:
2027:
2018:
2009:
1971:
1938:
1872:
1821:
1795:
1739:
1718:
1611:
1453:
1330:
1252:
1243:
1207:
1124:] (in French). Paris.
998:. The Hague. p. 467.
919:Weitzman, Steven (2017).
179:, itself a sub-branch of
122:
117:
102:
64:Linguistic classification
62:
42:
37:
32:
18:Amharic–Argobba languages
3048:or historical languages.
1747:Ethiopian sign languages
1143:Hetzron, Robert (1972).
1043:. Ventures. 4 March 2020
842:Hetzron, Robert (1972).
1087:Hudson, Grover (2013).
326:(Classical Ethiopic) â€
177:South Semitic languages
1116:Cohen, Marcel (1931).
888:10.1098/rspb.2009.0408
750:African Studies Review
308:
3090:Languages of Ethiopia
2338:Christian Palestinian
2050:Ancient North Arabian
1201:Languages of Ethiopia
1165:. pp. 1762–1774.
1018:The Semitic Languages
415:Outer South Ethiopic
306:
3095:Languages of Eritrea
2438:Koy Sanjaq Christian
2115:Pre-classical Arabic
1789:Languages of Eritrea
737:. 18 September 2023.
731:"The world factbook"
662:"Languages of Sudan"
200:language of Ethiopia
2281:Ashurian and Hatran
882:(1665): 2703–2710.
372:Harari–East Gurage
239:linguistic homeland
161:family of languages
2352:Jewish Palestinian
1822:National languages
1208:Official languages
962:portal.svt.ntnu.no
388:(Silt'e; dialects
309:
3080:Semitic languages
3062:
3061:
3033:
3032:
3029:
3028:
2960:
2959:
2956:
2955:
2690:
2689:
2686:
2685:
2528:
2527:
2491:Koy Sanjaq Jewish
2288:Jewish Babylonian
2199:
2198:
1932:Semitic languages
1898:
1897:
1796:Working languages
1755:
1754:
1719:Foreign languages
1714:
1713:
1163:Walter de Gruyter
932:978-0-691-19165-2
244:Arabian Peninsula
145:Ethiopian Semitic
138:
137:
16:(Redirected from
3107:
2804:
2803:
2764:
2763:
2755:
2754:
2701:
2700:
2569:northern dialect
2244:Biblical Aramaic
2237:Imperial Aramaic
2219:
2218:
2210:
2209:
2108:Nabataean Arabic
2025:
2024:
2016:
2015:
1991:Canaano-Akkadian
1925:
1918:
1911:
1902:
1901:
1782:
1775:
1768:
1759:
1758:
1302:Sebat Bet Gurage
1250:
1249:
1194:
1187:
1180:
1171:
1170:
1166:
1152:
1139:
1133:
1125:
1103:
1102:
1084:
1078:
1077:
1075:
1073:
1067:
1059:
1053:
1052:
1050:
1048:
1033:
1027:
1025:
1013:
1007:
999:
990:
984:
979:
977:
976:
970:
964:. Archived from
959:
950:
944:
943:
941:
939:
916:
910:
909:
899:
867:
858:
857:
839:
833:
832:
820:
814:
813:
811:
810:
804:
798:. Archived from
797:
788:
782:
781:
745:
739:
738:
727:
721:
720:
709:
703:
702:
680:
674:
673:
671:
669:
658:
464:Sebat Bet Gurage
356:Amharic–Argobba
232:Eastern Catholic
134:
133:
30:
29:
21:
3115:
3114:
3110:
3109:
3108:
3106:
3105:
3104:
3065:
3064:
3063:
3058:
3025:
2952:
2861:
2808:
2795:
2746:
2707:
2682:
2620:
2524:
2466:Urmia Christian
2382:
2375:
2262:
2256:
2195:
2155:Egyptian Arabic
2141:
2137:Modern Standard
2120:
2005:
1967:
1934:
1929:
1899:
1894:
1873:Other languages
1868:
1817:
1791:
1786:
1756:
1751:
1735:
1710:
1607:
1538:Kachama-Ganjule
1513:Gamo-Gofa-Dawro
1449:
1326:
1245:
1239:
1203:
1198:
1127:
1126:
1112:
1107:
1106:
1099:
1085:
1081:
1071:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1060:
1056:
1046:
1044:
1041:Ventures Africa
1035:
1034:
1030:
1024:. pp. 6–7.
1001:
1000:
991:
987:
974:
972:
968:
957:
953:Voigt, Rainer.
951:
947:
937:
935:
933:
917:
913:
868:
861:
854:
840:
836:
821:
817:
808:
806:
802:
795:
789:
785:
762:10.2307/1514983
746:
742:
729:
728:
724:
711:
710:
706:
681:
677:
667:
665:
660:
659:
652:
647:
642:
508:
503:
297:
273:desertification
252:southern Arabia
192:second language
129:
128:
44:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3113:
3103:
3102:
3097:
3092:
3087:
3082:
3077:
3060:
3059:
3057:
3056:
3049:
3038:
3035:
3034:
3031:
3030:
3027:
3026:
3024:
3023:
3016:
3011:
3006:
3005:
3004:
2990:
2983:
2976:
2970:
2968:
2962:
2961:
2958:
2957:
2954:
2953:
2951:
2950:
2949:
2948:
2947:
2946:
2945:
2944:
2941:
2938:
2935:
2932:
2922:
2917:
2916:
2915:
2902:
2897:
2887:
2886:
2885:
2880:
2869:
2867:
2863:
2862:
2860:
2859:
2858:
2857:
2856:
2855:
2850:
2849:
2848:
2845:
2842:
2822:
2812:
2810:
2801:
2797:
2796:
2794:
2793:
2788:
2787:
2786:
2781:
2770:
2768:
2761:
2752:
2748:
2747:
2745:
2744:
2739:
2734:
2729:
2724:
2719:
2713:
2711:
2698:
2692:
2691:
2688:
2687:
2684:
2683:
2681:
2680:
2673:
2666:
2659:
2652:
2651:
2650:
2643:
2628:
2626:
2622:
2621:
2619:
2618:
2617:
2616:
2602:
2595:
2594:
2593:
2588:
2581:
2574:
2573:
2572:
2553:
2546:
2538:
2536:
2530:
2529:
2526:
2525:
2523:
2522:
2517:
2516:
2515:
2514:
2513:
2508:
2503:
2498:
2493:
2488:
2483:
2478:
2470:
2469:
2468:
2463:
2462:
2461:
2458:
2450:
2445:
2440:
2435:
2430:
2425:
2412:
2407:
2406:
2405:
2400:
2387:
2385:
2377:
2376:
2374:
2373:
2372:
2371:
2364:
2363:
2362:
2355:
2348:
2341:
2329:
2322:
2308:
2303:
2302:
2301:
2296:
2291:
2284:
2272:
2266:
2264:
2258:
2257:
2255:
2254:
2251:Middle Aramaic
2247:
2240:
2233:
2225:
2223:
2216:
2207:
2201:
2200:
2197:
2196:
2194:
2193:
2188:
2183:
2182:
2181:
2180:
2179:
2162:
2157:
2151:
2149:
2147:Dialect groups
2143:
2142:
2140:
2139:
2134:
2128:
2126:
2122:
2121:
2119:
2118:
2111:
2104:
2103:
2102:
2095:
2088:
2081:
2074:
2067:
2060:
2046:
2039:
2031:
2029:
2022:
2013:
2007:
2006:
2004:
2003:
1996:
1995:
1994:
1979:
1977:
1969:
1968:
1966:
1965:
1964:
1963:
1958:
1948:
1942:
1940:
1936:
1935:
1928:
1927:
1920:
1913:
1905:
1896:
1895:
1893:
1892:
1887:
1882:
1876:
1874:
1870:
1869:
1867:
1866:
1861:
1856:
1851:
1846:
1841:
1836:
1831:
1825:
1823:
1819:
1818:
1816:
1815:
1810:
1805:
1799:
1797:
1793:
1792:
1785:
1784:
1777:
1770:
1762:
1753:
1752:
1750:
1749:
1743:
1741:
1740:Sign languages
1737:
1736:
1734:
1733:
1728:
1722:
1720:
1716:
1715:
1712:
1711:
1709:
1708:
1703:
1698:
1693:
1688:
1683:
1678:
1673:
1668:
1663:
1658:
1653:
1648:
1643:
1638:
1633:
1628:
1623:
1617:
1615:
1609:
1608:
1606:
1605:
1603:Zayse-Zergulla
1600:
1595:
1590:
1585:
1580:
1575:
1570:
1565:
1560:
1555:
1550:
1545:
1540:
1535:
1530:
1525:
1520:
1515:
1510:
1505:
1500:
1495:
1490:
1485:
1480:
1475:
1470:
1465:
1459:
1457:
1451:
1450:
1448:
1447:
1442:
1437:
1432:
1427:
1422:
1417:
1412:
1407:
1402:
1397:
1392:
1387:
1382:
1377:
1372:
1367:
1362:
1357:
1352:
1347:
1342:
1336:
1334:
1328:
1327:
1325:
1324:
1319:
1314:
1309:
1304:
1299:
1294:
1289:
1284:
1279:
1274:
1269:
1264:
1258:
1256:
1247:
1241:
1240:
1238:
1237:
1232:
1227:
1222:
1217:
1211:
1209:
1205:
1204:
1197:
1196:
1189:
1182:
1174:
1168:
1167:
1153:
1147:. Manchester:
1140:
1111:
1108:
1105:
1104:
1097:
1079:
1054:
1028:
985:
945:
931:
911:
859:
852:
834:
815:
783:
756:(1): 117–136.
740:
722:
704:
675:
649:
648:
646:
643:
641:
640:
639:
638:
629:
628:
627:
618:
600:
599:
598:
597:
596:
595:
594:
585:
575:
561:
543:
537:
536:
535:
526:
512:
507:
504:
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494:
493:
492:
491:
490:
489:
483:
458:
447:
442:
433:
432:
431:
425:
413:
412:
411:
410:
409:
408:
407:
401:
378:
370:
369:
368:
363:
349:South Ethiopic
346:
345:
344:
343:
342:
337:
332:
319:North Ethiopic
310:
296:
295:Classification
293:
248:Bayesian model
234:counterparts.
216:Ge'ez language
183:, part of the
136:
135:
126:
120:
119:
118:Language codes
115:
114:
113:
112:
111:South Ethiopic
109:
108:North Ethiopic
104:
100:
99:
98:
97:
96:
95:
94:
93:
92:
91:
66:
60:
59:
46:
40:
39:
35:
34:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3112:
3101:
3098:
3096:
3093:
3091:
3088:
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3083:
3081:
3078:
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3073:
3072:
3070:
3054:
3050:
3047:
3043:
3040:
3039:
3036:
3022:
3021:
3017:
3015:
3012:
3010:
3007:
3003:
3002:
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2989:
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2834:
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2826:
2823:
2821:
2817:
2814:
2813:
2811:
2805:
2802:
2798:
2792:
2789:
2785:
2782:
2780:
2777:
2776:
2775:
2772:
2771:
2769:
2765:
2762:
2760:
2759:Ethio-Semitic
2756:
2753:
2749:
2743:
2740:
2738:
2735:
2733:
2730:
2728:
2725:
2723:
2720:
2718:
2715:
2714:
2712:
2709:
2702:
2699:
2697:
2693:
2679:
2678:
2674:
2672:
2671:
2667:
2665:
2664:
2660:
2658:
2657:
2653:
2649:
2648:
2644:
2642:
2641:
2637:
2636:
2635:
2634:
2630:
2629:
2627:
2623:
2615:
2614:
2610:
2609:
2608:
2607:
2603:
2601:
2600:
2596:
2592:
2589:
2587:
2586:
2582:
2580:
2579:
2575:
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2570:
2566:
2565:
2564:
2563:
2559:
2558:
2557:
2554:
2552:
2551:
2547:
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2531:
2521:
2518:
2512:
2509:
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2502:
2499:
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2489:
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2479:
2477:
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2454:
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2426:
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2421:
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2418:
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2413:
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2401:
2399:
2398:
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2370:
2369:
2365:
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2356:
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2353:
2349:
2347:
2346:
2342:
2340:
2339:
2335:
2334:
2333:
2330:
2328:
2327:
2323:
2321:
2320:
2316:
2315:
2314:
2313:
2309:
2307:
2306:Judeo-Aramaic
2304:
2300:
2297:
2295:
2292:
2290:
2289:
2285:
2283:
2282:
2278:
2277:
2276:
2273:
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2267:
2265:
2259:
2253:
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2239:
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2227:
2226:
2224:
2220:
2217:
2215:
2211:
2208:
2206:
2202:
2192:
2189:
2187:
2184:
2178:
2175:
2174:
2173:
2172:
2171:Siculo-Arabic
2168:
2167:
2166:
2163:
2161:
2158:
2156:
2153:
2152:
2150:
2148:
2144:
2138:
2135:
2133:
2130:
2129:
2127:
2123:
2117:
2116:
2112:
2110:
2109:
2105:
2101:
2100:
2096:
2094:
2093:
2089:
2087:
2086:
2082:
2080:
2079:
2075:
2073:
2072:
2068:
2066:
2065:
2061:
2059:
2058:
2054:
2053:
2052:
2051:
2047:
2045:
2044:
2040:
2038:
2037:
2033:
2032:
2030:
2026:
2023:
2021:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2008:
2002:
2001:
1997:
1993:
1992:
1988:
1987:
1986:
1985:
1981:
1980:
1978:
1976:
1975:
1970:
1962:
1959:
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1954:
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1952:
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1941:
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1926:
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1659:
1657:
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1644:
1642:
1641:Kacipo-Balesi
1639:
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1100:
1098:9783447069830
1094:
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1083:
1064:
1058:
1042:
1038:
1032:
1023:
1019:
1011:
1005:
997:
989:
983:
971:on 2014-01-10
967:
963:
956:
949:
934:
928:
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923:
915:
907:
903:
898:
893:
889:
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877:
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866:
864:
855:
853:9780719011238
849:
845:
838:
830:
826:
819:
805:on 2016-03-04
801:
794:
787:
779:
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771:
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732:
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547:
544:
541:
538:
534:
530:
527:
525:
522:
521:
519:
518:
517:
514:
513:
511:
506:Hudson (2013)
487:
484:
481:
477:
473:
469:
465:
462:
461:
459:
456:
453:
452:
451:
448:
446:
443:
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429:
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423:
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419:
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395:
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387:
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379:
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367:
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361:
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350:
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341:
338:
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321:
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305:
301:
292:
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286:
282:
278:
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262:
258:
253:
249:
245:
240:
235:
233:
229:
225:
221:
217:
213:
209:
205:
201:
197:
193:
188:
186:
182:
178:
174:
170:
166:
162:
158:
154:
150:
146:
142:
141:Ethio-Semitic
132:
127:
125:
121:
116:
110:
107:
106:
105:
101:
90:
89:Ethio-Semitic
87:
86:
85:
84:South Semitic
82:
81:
80:
77:
76:
75:
72:
71:
70:
67:
65:
61:
58:
54:
50:
47:
41:
36:
33:Ethio-Semitic
31:
19:
3041:
3018:
2999:
2992:
2985:
2978:
2892:
2875:
2833:East Gurage
2758:
2675:
2668:
2661:
2654:
2645:
2638:
2631:
2611:
2604:
2597:
2583:
2576:
2567:
2560:
2548:
2541:
2506:Urmia Jewish
2415:Northeastern
2395:
2366:
2357:
2350:
2343:
2336:
2331:
2324:
2317:
2310:
2286:
2279:
2249:
2242:
2235:
2228:
2186:Mesopotamian
2169:
2113:
2106:
2097:
2090:
2083:
2076:
2069:
2062:
2055:
2048:
2041:
2036:Proto-Arabic
2034:
1998:
1989:
1982:
1972:
1613:Nilo-Saharan
1254:Ethiosemitic
1158:
1144:
1121:
1117:
1110:Bibliography
1088:
1082:
1070:. Retrieved
1057:
1045:. Retrieved
1040:
1031:
1017:
995:
988:
973:. Retrieved
966:the original
961:
948:
936:. Retrieved
921:
914:
879:
875:
843:
837:
828:
824:
818:
807:. Retrieved
800:the original
786:
753:
749:
743:
734:
725:
707:
699:Google Books
697:– via
685:
678:
666:. Retrieved
664:. Ethnologue
516:Ethiosemitic
515:
509:
348:
318:
313:
298:
289:Mesopotamian
265:North Africa
236:
220:Ge'ez script
189:
156:
152:
149:Ethiosemitic
148:
144:
140:
139:
103:Subdivisions
88:
79:West Semitic
69:Afro-Asiatic
45:distribution
2980:Hadramautic
2966:Old Arabian
2905:West Gurage
2829:East Gurage
2708:ern Arabian
2410:Neo-Mandaic
2332:Palestinian
2230:Old Aramaic
1528:Hamer-Banna
668:24 February
450:West Gurage
381:East Gurage
3069:Categories
3009:Rijal Alma
2994:Qatabanian
2663:Himyaritic
2606:Phoenician
2419:Christian
2222:Historical
2191:Peninsular
2092:Taymanitic
2043:Old Arabic
2028:Historical
1072:31 January
1047:2 February
975:2019-06-12
938:11 January
809:2019-06-12
717:Ethnologue
645:References
466:(dialects
460:Sebat Bet
435:tt-group:
194:speakers,
163:spoken in
157:Abyssinian
43:Geographic
3053:varieties
3044:indicate
2925:Sebat Bet
2889:Tt-group
2704:Eastern (
2656:Deir Alla
2534:Canaanite
2501:Trans-Zab
2486:Inter-Zab
2368:Palmyrene
2359:Samaritan
2326:Nabataean
2205:Northwest
2160:Levantine
2132:Classical
2057:Dadanitic
1686:Nyangatom
1631:DaatsĘĽiin
1583:Shekkacho
1380:Daasanach
1246:languages
1130:cite book
1022:Routledge
1004:cite book
778:143172927
713:"Amharic"
695:576634823
430:(Kistane)
424:– extinct
418:n-group:
224:Ethiopian
124:Glottolog
3001:Awsanian
2872:N-group
2791:Tigrinya
2670:Samalian
2647:Galilean
2640:Ugaritic
2585:Medieval
2578:Mishnaic
2562:Biblical
2543:Ammonite
2496:Sanandaj
2481:Betanure
2460:Chaldean
2457:Assyrian
2443:Qaraqosh
2433:HĂ©rtevin
2345:Galilean
2319:Lebanese
2165:Maghrebi
2125:Literary
2099:Thamudic
2085:Safaitic
2071:Hasaitic
2064:Dumaitic
1984:Akkadian
1939:Branches
1829:Tigrinya
1803:Tigrinya
1593:Wolaitta
1473:Bambassi
1445:Xamtanga
1400:Kambaata
1332:Cushitic
1317:Tigrinya
1244:Regional
1235:Tigrinya
906:19403539
831:: 19–34.
533:Tigrinya
457:(Masqan)
340:Tigrinya
314:Ethiopic
291:valley.
287:and the
277:Ethiopia
208:Tigrinya
165:Ethiopia
153:Ethiopic
131:ethi1244
49:Ethiopia
3046:extinct
3042:Italics
2987:Minaean
2914:Endegen
2841:Inneqor
2820:Argobba
2816:Amharic
2779:Dahalik
2751:Western
2742:Soqotri
2722:Ḥarsusi
2717:Baáąá¸Ąari
2633:Amorite
2599:Moabite
2550:Edomite
2520:Western
2476:Barzani
2472:Jewish
2391:Central
2383:Aramaic
2312:Western
2294:Mandaic
2275:Eastern
2270:Armazic
2261:Dialect
2214:Aramaic
2177:Maltese
2078:Hismaic
2011:Central
2000:Eblaite
1956:Central
1890:Italian
1885:Dahalik
1813:English
1726:English
1553:Koorete
1478:Basketo
1468:Anfillo
1395:Hadiyya
1385:Dirasha
1267:Argobba
1262:Amharic
1220:Amharic
897:2839953
770:1514983
735:cia.gov
636:Amharic
632:Argobba
398:Inneqor
366:Argobba
360:Amharic
330:Dahalik
261:Semitic
196:Amharic
181:Semitic
169:Eritrea
159:) is a
74:Semitic
53:Eritrea
3020:Sabaic
3014:Razihi
2920:Mesqan
2894:Mesmes
2847:Wolane
2844:Ulbare
2837:SiltĘĽe
2825:Harari
2809:versal
2807:Trans-
2737:Shehri
2727:Hobyot
2677:Sutean
2625:Others
2591:Modern
2556:Hebrew
2448:Senaya
2428:Bohtan
2423:Barwar
2403:Turoyo
2397:Mlaḥsô
2299:Syriac
2263:groups
2020:Arabic
1880:Bitama
1849:Kunama
1808:Arabic
1731:Arabic
1661:Majang
1455:Omotic
1440:Tsamai
1435:Somali
1430:Sidamo
1420:Qimant
1410:Libido
1355:Arbore
1307:SiltĘĽe
1292:Mesqan
1282:Harari
1277:Gurage
1230:Somali
1095:
1014:, and
982:Scribd
929:
904:
894:
850:
776:
768:
693:
621:Silt'e
616:Harari
611:Harari
603:Silt'e
578:Gurage
573:Mesqan
568:Gurage
564:Mesqan
554:Gurage
550:Mesqan
520:North
455:Mesqan
439:Mesmes
394:Wolane
390:Ulbare
386:Silt'e
376:Harari
281:Canaan
271:, and
269:Sahara
257:Levant
204:Arabic
171:, and
143:(also
2974:Faifi
2943:Gyeto
2937:Gumer
2930:Chaha
2900:Muher
2883:Soddo
2877:Gafat
2866:Outer
2800:South
2784:Tigre
2774:Geʽez
2767:North
2732:Mehri
2696:South
2613:Punic
2511:Zakho
2453:Suret
1961:South
1864:Tigre
1844:Bilen
1696:Shabo
1691:Opuuo
1676:Mursi
1671:Murle
1666:MeĘĽen
1656:Kwegu
1651:Kwama
1636:Gumuz
1626:Berta
1621:Anuak
1598:Yemsa
1588:Sheko
1558:Maale
1523:Gayil
1518:Ganza
1508:Dorze
1493:Chara
1483:Bench
1415:Oromo
1405:Konso
1390:Gedeo
1375:Burji
1370:Bussa
1365:Baiso
1360:Awngi
1345:Alaba
1312:Soddo
1297:Muher
1272:Geʽez
1225:Oromo
1120:[
1066:(PDF)
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