1285:
660:
637:
40:
1856:
1224:
suspension plus a background multi-drug antibacterial regimen, while the other treatment group received a background multi-drug antibacterial regimen alone. By the sixth month of treatment, 29 percent of patients treated with amikacin liposome inhalation suspension had no growth of mycobacteria in their sputum cultures for three consecutive months compared to 9 percent of patients who were not treated with amikacin liposome inhalation suspension.
31:
4796:
2773:
729:
1661:
1509:(spitting up blood) that have led to hospitalizations in some cases. Other common side effects in patients taking amikacin liposome inhalation suspension are dysphonia (difficulty speaking), cough, ototoxicity (damaged hearing), upper airway irritation, musculoskeletal pain, fatigue, diarrhea and nausea.
1508:
The amikacin liposome inhalation suspension prescribing information includes a boxed warning regarding the increased risk of respiratory conditions including hypersensitivity pneumonitis (inflamed lungs), bronchospasm (tightening of the airway), exacerbation of underlying lung disease and hemoptysis
1583:(a type of beta-lactam) to create an additive effect against certain bacteria, and carbapenems, which can have a synergistic effect against some Gram-positive bacteria. Another group of beta-lactams, the cephalosporins, can increase the nephrotoxicity of aminoglycoside as well as randomly elevating
1236:
D in both the United States and
Australia, meaning they have a probability of harming the fetus. Around 16% of amikacin crosses the placenta; while the half-life of amikacin in the mother is 2 hours, it is 3.7 hours in the fetus. A pregnant woman taking amikacin with another aminoglycoside has a
1223:
The safety and efficacy of amikacin liposome inhalation suspension, an inhaled treatment taken through a nebulizer, was demonstrated in a randomized, controlled clinical trial where patients were assigned to one of two treatment groups. One group of patients received amikacin liposome inhalation
1785:
Amikacin is not absorbed orally and thus must be administered parenterally. It reaches peak serum concentrations in 0.5–2 hours when administered intramuscularly. Less than 11% of the amikacin actually binds to plasma proteins. It is distributed into the
1193:
771:
InChI=1S/C22H43N5O13/c23-2-1-8(29)20(36)27-7-3-6(25)18(39-22-16(34)15(33)13(31)9(4-24)37-22)17(35)19(7)40-21-14(32)11(26)12(30)10(5-28)38-21/h6-19,21-22,28-35H,1-5,23-26H2,(H,27,36)/t6-,7+,8-,9+,10+,11-,12+,13+,14+,15-,16+,17-,18+,19-,21+,22+/m0/s1
1726:, which simply has a hydrogen), which blocks the access and decreases the affinity of aminoglycoside-inactivating enzymes. Amikacin ends up with only one site where these enzymes can attack, while gentamicin and tobramycin have six.
1281:(which can lead to hearing loss) are the most important effects, occurring in 1–10% of users. The nephro- and ototoxicity are thought to be due to aminoglycosides' tendency to accumulate in the kidneys and inner ear.
3595:
1826:, except when administered intraventricularly. In infants, amikacin is normally found at 10–20% of plasma levels in the spinal fluid, but the amount reaches 50% in cases of meningitis. It does not easily cross the
1733:
and capreomycin are still susceptible to amikacin; bacteria that are resistant to kanamycin have varying susceptibility to amikacin. Resistance to amikacin also confers resistance to kanamycin and capreomycin.
1868:
While amikacin is only FDA-approved for use in dogs and for intrauterine infection in horses, it is one of the most common aminoglycosides used in veterinary medicine, and has been used in dogs, cats,
1532:
In general, amikacin should not be used with or just before/after another drug that can cause neurotoxicity, ototoxicity, or nephrotoxicity. Such drugs include other aminoglycosides; the antiviral
1451:. The toxicity usually reverts once the antibiotic course has been completed, and can be avoided altogether by less frequent dosing (such as once every 24 hours rather than once every 8 hours).
1521:
aminoglycoside, as they are cross-allergenic (that is, an allergy to one aminoglycoside also confers hypersensitivity to other aminoglycosides). It should also be avoided in those sensitive to
3588:
1232:
Amikacin should be used in smaller doses in the elderly, who often have age-related decreases in kidney function, and children, whose kidneys are not fully developed yet. It is considered
2750:
1840:
and into the urine within 24 hours. Factors that cause amikacin to be excreted via urine include its relatively low molecular weight, high water solubility, and unmetabolized state.
299:
3954:
3581:
3312:
2110:
1617:
Potent diuretics not only cause ototoxicity themselves, but they can also increase the concentration of amikacin in the serum and tissue, making the ototoxicity even more likely.
3462:
3037:
1217:
1251:
The elderly tend to have amikacin stay longer in their system; while the average clearance of amikacin in a 20-year-old is 6 L/hr, it is 3 L/hr in an 80-year-old.
3175:
Ahmad S, Mokaddas E (1 March 2014). "Current status and future trends in the diagnosis and treatment of drug-susceptible and multidrug-resistant tuberculosis".
4831:
1963:
and cellular debris lessen the activity of amikacin. Amikacin is administered to the eye when prepared as an ophthalmic ointment or solution, or when injected
3947:
2830:
Maire P, Bourguignon L, Goutelle S, Ducher M, Jelliffe R (2017). "Chapter 20 – Individualizing Drug
Therapy in the Elderly". In Jelliffe RW, Neely M (eds.).
1745:
gene, which codes for the 16S rRNA. Mutations such as these reduce the binding affinity of amikacin to the bacteria's ribosome. Variations of aminoglycoside
184:
3140:
Caminero JA, Sotgiu G, Zumla A, Migliori GB (September 2010). "Best drug treatment for multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis".
3241:
2592:
Cunha BA (November 2006). "New uses for older antibiotics: nitrofurantoin, amikacin, colistin, polymyxin B, doxycycline, and minocycline revisited".
3940:
2013:. Cats tend to be more sensitive to the vestibular damage caused by ototoxicity. Less frequent side effects include neuromuscular blockade, facial
1244:
In general, amikacin should be avoided in infants. Infants also tend to have a larger volume of distribution due to their higher concentration of
62:
3484:
Orsini JA (1 August 2017). "Update on
Managing Serious Wound Infections in Horses: Wounds Involving Joints and Other Synovial Structures".
965:
infections and tuberculosis (if caused by sensitive strains) when first-line drugs fail to control the infection. It is rarely used alone.
743:
2816:
3382:
3351:
3304:
1292:
Amikacin can cause neurotoxicity if used at a higher dose or for longer than recommended. The resulting effects of neurotoxicity include
3563:
3413:
2906:
2872:
2571:
2433:
2035:, which reduce serum concentrations of amikacin, and/or penicillins, some of which can form complexes with amikacin that deactivate it.
1340:. It does so in a time-dependent rather than dose-dependent manner, meaning that risk can be minimized by reducing the duration of use.
2656:
2463:
1664:
The 30S subunit of the prokaryotic ribosome. The orange represents the 16S rRNA, and the blue represents the various proteins attached.
2356:
1673:
1579:
Amikacin can be inactivated by other beta-lactams, though not to the extent as other aminoglycosides, and is still often used with
3932:
3454:
2528:
2169:
4750:
3557:
3528:
3438:
3407:
3376:
3345:
2979:
2900:
2866:
2839:
2810:
2715:
2690:
2565:
2285:
880:
3105:
Park JW, Ban YH, Nam SJ, Cha SS, Yoon YJ (December 2017). "Biosynthetic pathways of aminoglycosides and their engineering".
1332:, leads to the loss of high-frequency hearing and happens before any clinical hearing loss can be detected. Damage to the
4816:
3029:
3272:
2946:
2457:
2427:
2400:
763:
3062:
Kondo S, Hotta K (March 1999). "Semisynthetic aminoglycoside antibiotics: Development and enzymatic modifications".
1454:
Amikacin can cause neuromuscular blockade (including acute muscular paralysis) and respiratory paralysis (including
788:
113:
4821:
4767:
3003:
1757:
is caused by AAC(6')-IV, which also confers resistance to kanamycin, gentamicin, and tobramycin, and resistance in
834:
3573:
418:
284:
94:
2751:"FDA approves a new antibacterial drug to treat a serious lung disease using a novel pathway to spur innovation"
1833:
While the half-life of amikacin is normally two hours, it is 50 hours in those with end-stage renal disease.
1568:
3211:
2756:
1699:
anticodon. It works in a concentration-dependent manner, and has better action in an alkaline environment.
1241:
in her child. While it is known to cross the placenta, amikacin is only partially secreted in breast milk.
1201:
655:
528:
2224:
1436:
3967:
2082:"FDA-sourced list of all drugs with black box warnings (Use Download Full Results and View Query links.)"
1855:
1186:
1135:
616:
4455:
4359:
4010:
1363:
becomes ten times that of amikacin in the plasma; it then most likely interferes with the metabolism of
4786:
2198:
1197:
868:
it may cause permanent deafness in the baby. Amikacin works by blocking the function of the bacteria's
605:
4699:
2477:
2378:
2081:
1952:
1501:, and hypomagnesemia. In intravitreous injections (where amikacin is injected into the eye), macular
814:
165:
4218:
1836:
The majority (95%) of amikacin from an intramuscular or intravenous dose is secreted unchanged via
1371:, which causes lytic enzymes to leak into the cytoplasm. Nephrotoxicity results in increased serum
1062:
632:
3962:
4755:
2010:
1924:. It is often used for respiratory infections in snakes, bacterial shell disease in turtles, and
1827:
1415:
function also change the electrolyte levels and acid-base balance in the body, which can lead to
1320:
causes ototoxicity, resulting in loss of balance and, more commonly, hearing loss. Damage to the
1149:
1111:
1099:
830:
157:
150:
52:
1971:. Despite its use there amikacin (and all aminoglycosides) are toxic to intraocular structures.
4101:
3780:
2800:
1715:
1262:
1105:
1068:
365:
3428:
3366:
3335:
2648:
2417:
2111:"Prescription medicines: registration of new generic medicines and biosimilar medicines, 2017"
1982:) when caused by susceptible bacteria. It is also used in topical medication for the eyes and
4836:
3545:
3397:
2890:
2856:
2555:
2447:
2018:
1837:
1759:
1711:
1344:
869:
585:
1080:
4826:
4408:
3706:
1994:. For infections in the limbs or joints, it is often administered with a cephalosporin via
1684:
and inhibits protein synthesis by changing the ribosome's shape so that it cannot read the
1526:
1333:
1209:
896:
806:
537:
517:
452:
385:
267:
257:
247:
237:
8:
4037:
3788:
2032:
1987:
1983:
1823:
1750:
1376:
1245:
1238:
1093:
1057:
929:
443:
161:
3259:. Analytical Profiles of Drug Substances. Vol. 12. Academic Press. pp. 37–71.
2352:
1710:
Amikacin evades attacks by all antibiotic-inactivating enzymes that are responsible for
1628:
can increase serum aminoglycoside levels in premature infants. Contrast mediums such as
1595:
have been known to inactivate aminoglycosides in general by pharmacological antagonism.
659:
636:
72:
3087:
2938:
2617:
1811:
1773:
which also confers resistance to kanamycin, tobramycin, and apramycin. Some strains of
1284:
1233:
1154:
124:
3264:
3153:
2925:
Corti N, Taegtmeyer A, Imhof A (1 January 2011). "Miscellaneous antibacterial drugs".
4679:
4675:
4244:
3648:
3608:
3553:
3524:
3501:
3434:
3403:
3372:
3341:
3278:
3268:
3233:
3192:
3157:
3122:
3079:
2975:
2952:
2942:
2896:
2862:
2835:
2806:
2711:
2686:
2609:
2561:
2453:
2423:
2396:
2281:
1746:
1669:
1384:
1265:, amikacin's paralytic effect on neuromuscular junctions can worsen muscle weakness.
1258:
312:
86:
3091:
2621:
1461:
Rare side effects (occurring in fewer than 1% of users) include allergic reactions,
4727:
4671:
4299:
3907:
3493:
3260:
3223:
3184:
3149:
3114:
3071:
2934:
2892:
Clinical
Dermatology, An Issue of Veterinary Clinics: Small Animal Practice, E-Book
2601:
2485:
2386:
1400:
1205:
1119:
980:
810:
672:
347:
227:
217:
207:
197:
3987:
3603:
1355:
sites of the epithelial cells of the proximal tubule as part of receptor-mediated
879:
Amikacin was patented in 1971, and came into commercial use in 1976. It is on the
477:
39:
4800:
4718:
4713:
4425:
4294:
4289:
3861:
3678:
3653:
3118:
1999:
1819:
1644:
1640:
1599:
1588:
1380:
1213:
1166:
857:
375:
355:
3983:
3979:
3975:
3971:
2136:
2055:
1192:
Amikacin liposome inhalation suspension is the first drug approved under the US
4761:
4578:
4508:
4493:
4254:
4139:
4127:
4005:
3823:
3803:
3685:
3643:
3612:
3497:
3228:
3188:
2605:
2002:. Amikacin is also injected into the joints with the anti-arthritic medication
1995:
1948:
1765:
1537:
1448:
1432:
1288:
Diagram of the inner ear. Amikacin causes damage to the cochlea and vestibules.
1274:
972:
951:
849:
177:
4810:
4723:
4667:
4659:
4621:
4611:
4583:
4563:
4553:
4548:
4513:
4498:
4435:
4430:
4354:
4319:
4107:
3912:
3813:
3808:
3793:
3721:
3717:
3505:
3282:
2956:
2777:
1975:
1815:
1611:
1525:(seen more among people with asthma), since most amikacin usually comes with
1412:
1408:
1364:
1337:
1317:
999:
962:
946:
911:
900:
842:
648:
325:
3255:
Monteleone PM, Muhammad N, Brown RD, McGrory JP, Hanna SA (1 January 1983).
4707:
4703:
4631:
4568:
4538:
4503:
4473:
4309:
4284:
4269:
4259:
4249:
4223:
4164:
4112:
4059:
4032:
4022:
3917:
3871:
3771:
3742:
3710:
3658:
3634:
3616:
3196:
3161:
3126:
3083:
2613:
2482:
World Health
Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019
2028:
1730:
1625:
1592:
1561:
1486:
1428:
1360:
1088:
1003:
917:
853:
262:
252:
242:
232:
222:
212:
202:
192:
3237:
3075:
2137:"Amikacin 250 mg/ml Injection - Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC)"
1598:
The effect of amikacin is increased when used with drugs derived from the
1220:(QIDP) designations. The FDA granted approval of Arikayce to Insmed, Inc.
1204:(FDA) granted the application for amikacin liposome inhalation suspension
4693:
4639:
4616:
4543:
4528:
4523:
4440:
4327:
4304:
4279:
4274:
4264:
4239:
4083:
4054:
3886:
3841:
3836:
3752:
2280:(7th ed.). Stockholm, Wisconsin; Ames, Iowa: Wiley. pp. 39–43.
1964:
1889:
1849:
1791:
1702:
At normal doses, amikacin-sensitive bacteria respond within 24–48 hours.
1692:
1660:
1636:
1580:
1549:
1545:
1498:
1416:
1388:
1356:
1343:
Amikacin causes nephrotoxicity (damage to the kidneys), by acting on the
1305:
1301:
1278:
1185:
A liposome inhalation suspension is also available and approved to treat
1170:
1143:, including that in neonates, as an adjunct to beta-lactams or carbapenem
1127:
995:
991:
984:
905:
838:
80:
22:
2995:
2490:
1959:. The ears are often cleaned before administering the medication, since
1947:
In dogs and cats, amikacin is commonly used as a topical antibiotic for
1722:-hydroxyaminobuteroyl amide (L-HABA) moiety attached to N-1 (compare to
1427:. Nephrotoxicity is more common in those with pre-existing hypokalemia,
1273:
Side-effects of amikacin are similar to those of other aminoglycosides.
497:
4689:
4649:
4644:
4593:
4573:
4558:
4533:
4488:
4483:
4417:
4388:
4368:
4188:
4183:
4174:
4169:
4154:
4149:
4097:
4049:
3963:
3856:
3747:
3694:
3674:
3625:
3604:
2391:
1968:
1913:
1873:
1869:
1606:, neuromuscular blocking agents, or large doses of blood that contains
1603:
1584:
1553:
1541:
1502:
1490:
1466:
1396:
1372:
1309:
1131:
1020:
1011:
1007:
935:
818:
802:
705:
508:
172:
1691:
correctly. It also interferes with the region that interacts with the
1087:
Mycobacterial infections, including as a second-line agent for active
4518:
4478:
4465:
4398:
4393:
4383:
4378:
4373:
4204:
4159:
4122:
4117:
4088:
4078:
4068:
3866:
3851:
3846:
3831:
3757:
3732:
3728:
1941:
1925:
1723:
1618:
1557:
1533:
1462:
1424:
1368:
1329:
1325:
1041:
1015:
884:
865:
861:
822:
463:
398:
66:
2706:
Vardanyan R, Hruby V (2016). "Chapter 32: Antimicobacterial Drugs".
1974:
In horses, amikacin is FDA-approved for uterine infections (such as
1635:
Amikacin can decrease the effect certain vaccines, such as the live
1152:
that are caused by bacteria resistant to less toxic drugs (often by
4603:
4044:
3881:
3798:
3689:
2929:. A worldwide yearly survey of new data in adverse drug reactions.
1979:
1909:
1741:, the causative agent of tuberculosis, is due to a mutation in the
1681:
1629:
1482:
1470:
1440:
1420:
1404:
1313:
1297:
1051:
1031:
957:
941:
565:
557:
488:
108:
728:
4588:
3876:
2776:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
2009:
Side effects in animals include nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity, and
2003:
1877:
1607:
1522:
1392:
1352:
1321:
1293:
1194:
limited population pathway for antibacterial and antifungal drugs
1075:
for neonatal meningitis caused by Gram negative bacteria such as
923:
873:
1940:(though it has still been used) because it harms the balance of
895:
Amikacin is most often used for treating severe infections with
4685:
3891:
3210:
Kawaguchi H, Naito T, Nakagawa S, Fujisawa KI (December 1972).
2858:
Essential Drug Data for
Rational Therapy in Veterinary Practice
1933:
1905:
1893:
1807:
1632:
increases the nephrotoxicity and otoxicity caused by amikacin.
1494:
1478:
1474:
1444:
1348:
1140:
826:
596:
403:
3254:
3209:
2829:
2560:(2nd ed.). Oxford University Press, USA. pp. 15–19.
2523:
2521:
3550:
Saunders
Handbook of Veterinary Drugs: Small and Large Animal
2519:
2517:
2515:
2513:
2511:
2509:
2507:
2505:
2503:
2501:
2014:
1929:
1901:
1795:
1787:
1688:
1622:
1455:
1174:
719:
576:
621:
3399:
3139:
1937:
1921:
1917:
1897:
1885:
1803:
1799:
1696:
1685:
1165:
Amikacin may be combined with a beta-lactam antibiotic for
548:
30:
3552:(4th ed.). Elsevier Health Sciences. pp. 25–27.
2498:
4345:
3996:
2476:
2377:
2193:
2191:
2089:
1960:
1881:
1677:
1517:
Amikacin should be avoided in those who are sensitive to
1254:
Clearance is even higher in people with cystic fibrosis.
1126:
Respiratory tract infections, including as an adjunct to
3521:
3368:
Current
Therapy in Reptile Medicine and Surgery – E-Book
3109:. Chemical biotechnology: Pharmaceutical biotechnology.
2494:. WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.
864:, resulting in the inability to breathe. If used during
3212:"BB-K 8, a new semisynthetic aminoglycoside antibiotic"
2449:
Oxford Handbook of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology
1986:; when combined with a cephalosporin, is used to treat
1399:(excretion of glucose into the urine), decreased urine
1189:(MAC) in the United States, and in the European Union.
881:
World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines
751:
O=C(N3(O1O((O)(N)1O)CO)(O)(O2O(CN)(O)(O)2O)(N)C3)(O)CCN
2188:
1571:, as they can increase muscle weakness and paralysis.
1407:(decrease in overall urine output). It can also cause
4784:
2685:(16th ed.). Oxford: Elsevier. pp. 207–209.
2355:. The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists.
2050:
2048:
3447:
2924:
2164:
2162:
2160:
2158:
1777:
can also inactivate amikacin by phosphorylating it.
961:. Amikacin can also be used to treat non-tubercular
434:-oxy-4-oxy-3-hydroxy-cyclohexyl]-2-hydroxybutanamide
3461:. U.S. National Library of Medicine. 9 March 2017.
2074:
2024:The half-life in most animals is one to two hours.
1822:. It is usually found at low concentrations in the
1714:in bacteria, except for aminoacetyltransferase and
1621:also increases levels of amikacin in the body. The
1123:, which causes an infection resembling tuberculosis
2045:
2155:
4808:
2805:. Elsevier Health Sciences. pp. 1976, 523.
476:
3518:
3395:
2798:
2415:
2381:(2009). Stuart MC, Kouimtzi M, Hill SR (eds.).
1196:(LPAD pathway). It also was approved under the
451:
2705:
1336:, most likely by creating excessive oxidative
968:It is often used in the following situations:
4832:World Health Organization essential medicines
3948:
3589:
3333:
3174:
3104:
2680:
2888:
2834:. Boston: Academic Press. pp. 373–382.
2799:Ettinger SJ, Feldman EC (24 December 2009).
2710:. Boston: Academic Press. pp. 669–675.
2553:
1967:. Amikacin in the eye can be accompanied by
1753:(AAD) also confer resistance: resistance in
949:bacteria that amikacin strongly affects are
112:
3396:Maggs D, Miller P, Ofri R (7 August 2013).
3364:
2794:
2792:
2790:
2788:
2786:
2643:
2641:
2639:
2637:
2635:
2633:
2631:
2347:
2345:
2343:
2341:
2339:
2337:
2335:
2333:
2331:
2329:
2327:
2325:
2323:
2321:
2319:
2317:
1647:by acting as a pharmacological antagonist.
266:
256:
246:
236:
4416:
3955:
3941:
3596:
3582:
3248:
3061:
2972:Microbiology: with diseases by body system
2854:
2848:
2676:
2674:
2385:. World Health Organization. p. 137.
2315:
2313:
2311:
2309:
2307:
2305:
2303:
2301:
2299:
2297:
1257:In people with muscular disorders such as
658:
635:
516:
38:
29:
3523:. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 392.
3371:. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 382.
3298:
3296:
3294:
3292:
3227:
3203:
2884:
2882:
2745:
2743:
2741:
2739:
2737:
2735:
2733:
2731:
2729:
2727:
2489:
2390:
994:) as an adjunct to other medicines, like
536:
3519:Wanamaker BP, Massey K (25 March 2014).
3455:"Amiglyde-V- amikacin sulfate injection"
3402:. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 37.
3365:Mader DR, Divers SJ (12 December 2013).
3337:Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics
3133:
3057:
3055:
2988:
2920:
2918:
2916:
2895:. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 29.
2889:Morris DO, Kennis RA (11 October 2012).
2832:Individualized Drug Therapy for Patients
2802:Textbook of Veterinary Internal Medicine
2783:
2628:
2587:
2585:
2583:
2581:
2271:
2269:
2267:
2265:
2225:"Arikayce liposomal Product information"
2027:Treating overdoses of amikacin requires
2011:allergic reactions at IM injection sites
1737:Resistance to amikacin and kanamycin in
1659:
1529:, which can cause an allergic reaction.
1283:
3566:from the original on 10 September 2017.
3416:from the original on 10 September 2017.
3385:from the original on 10 September 2017.
3354:from the original on 10 September 2017.
3023:
3021:
2909:from the original on 10 September 2017.
2875:from the original on 10 September 2017.
2819:from the original on 10 September 2017.
2681:Aronson J. K., ed. (2016). "Amikacin".
2671:
2574:from the original on 10 September 2017.
2470:
2371:
2294:
2263:
2261:
2259:
2257:
2255:
2253:
2251:
2249:
2247:
2245:
1359:. The concentration of amikacin in the
833:. It is also used for the treatment of
631:
496:
85:
4809:
3543:
3537:
3483:
3477:
3433:. John Wiley & Sons. p. 486.
3340:. John Wiley & Sons. p. 931.
3289:
3177:Journal of Infection and Public Health
2969:
2963:
2879:
2724:
2529:"Amikacin sulfate injection, solution"
2466:from the original on 24 November 2015.
2436:from the original on 20 December 2016.
2422:. John Wiley & Sons. p. 507.
2115:Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA)
1955:, especially those that are caused by
1655:
1227:
649:
334:
306:
3936:
3577:
3334:Riviere JE, Papich MG (13 May 2013).
3168:
3064:Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy
3052:
2913:
2823:
2591:
2578:
2484:. Geneva: World Health Organization.
2359:from the original on 20 December 2016
2276:Plumb DC (2011). "Amikacin Sulfate".
2275:
1932:. It is generally contraindicated in
604:
584:
319:
103:
71:
3486:Journal of Equine Veterinary Science
3244:from the original on 16 August 2017.
3098:
3027:
3018:
2594:The Medical Clinics of North America
2554:Scholar EM, Pratt WB (22 May 2000).
2242:
2229:Union Register of medicinal products
1512:
1218:qualified infectious disease product
1091:. It is also used for infections by
990:Intra-abdominal infections (such as
226:
216:
206:
196:
57:Amikin, Amiglyde-V, Arikayce, others
3465:from the original on 16 August 2017
3430:Handbook of Veterinary Pharmacology
3426:
3315:from the original on 16 August 2017
3040:from the original on 16 August 2017
3006:from the original on 16 August 2017
1780:
564:
556:
467:
13:
3302:
2939:10.1016/B978-0-444-53741-6.00026-X
2659:from the original on 9 August 2017
1863:
1854:
1443:mellitus, dehydration, fever, and
1268:
1180:
14:
4848:
2974:(4th ed.). Boston: Pearson.
1567:Amikacin should not be used with
1505:can cause permanent vision loss.
293:
135:
4794:
3107:Current Opinion in Biotechnology
2771:
2452:. OUP Oxford. 2009. p. 56.
2278:Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook
1248:, where aminoglycosides reside.
835:multidrug-resistant tuberculosis
805:medication used for a number of
689:
683:
3512:
3420:
3389:
3358:
3327:
3142:The Lancet. Infectious Diseases
2699:
2547:
2440:
2416:Fischer J, Ganellin CR (2006).
2409:
2170:"Arikayce- amikacin suspension"
2056:"Amikacin Use During Pregnancy"
2006:in order to prevent infection.
1729:Bacteria that are resistant to
1668:Amikacin irreversibly binds to
1650:
1574:
1146:Skin and suture-site infections
1050:, as an adjunct to imipenem or
890:
776:Key:LKCWBDHBTVXHDL-RMDFUYIESA-N
4456:transpeptidation/translocation
2708:Synthesis of Best-Seller Drugs
2683:Meyler's Side Effects of Drugs
2217:
2129:
2103:
1990:infections that are caused by
1718:. This is accomplished by the
1316:. Its toxic effect on the 8th
872:, making it unable to produce
695:
677:
1:
3305:"Amikacin for Veterinary Use"
3265:10.1016/S0099-5428(08)60163-X
3154:10.1016/S1473-3099(10)70139-0
2419:Analogue-based Drug Discovery
2038:
1705:
1639:(used for tuberculosis), the
1569:neuromuscular blocking agents
1072:, as an adjunct to ampicillin
860:. Other side effects include
3119:10.1016/j.copbio.2017.03.019
2927:Side Effects of Drugs Annual
2861:. Author House. p. 16.
2757:Food and Drug Administration
1843:
1202:Food and Drug Administration
1081:3rd-generation cephalosporin
7:
1187:Mycobacterium avium complex
1136:hospital-acquired pneumonia
10:
4853:
4817:Aminoglycoside antibiotics
3544:Papich MG (October 2015).
3498:10.1016/j.jevs.2017.01.016
3229:10.7164/antibiotics.25.695
3216:The Journal of Antibiotics
3189:10.1016/j.jiph.2013.09.001
2606:10.1016/j.mcna.2006.07.006
1998:directly into the limb or
1447:, as well as those taking
1437:glomerular filtration rate
1411:to appear. The changes in
850:aminoglycoside antibiotics
837:. It is used by injection
815:intra-abdominal infections
667:Chemical and physical data
4745:
4700:Quinupristin/dalfopristin
4658:
4630:
4602:
4464:
4453:
4407:
4353:
4344:
4318:
4232:
4217:
4197:
4136:
4019:
4004:
3995:
3968:inhibit protein synthesis
3900:
3822:
3779:
3770:
3667:
3633:
3624:
2596:. Antimicrobial Therapy.
2478:World Health Organization
2379:World Health Organization
2203:European Medicines Agency
2199:"Arikayce liposomal EPAR"
1859:The synthesis of amikacin
1848:Amikacin is derived from
1749:(AAC) and aminoglycoside
1347:. It easily ionizes to a
1046:for meningitis caused by
1036:for meningitis caused by
977:Bone and joint infections
784:
759:
739:
717:
704:
671:
666:
647:
615:
595:
575:
547:
527:
507:
487:
462:
442:
414:
409:
397:
384:
374:
364:
354:
346:
283:
278:
183:
171:
149:
123:
93:
79:
61:
51:
46:
37:
28:
4219:Tetracycline antibiotics
3427:Hsu WH (25 April 2013).
3034:Pharmacological Sciences
3028:Mudd E (7 August 2017).
2383:WHO Model Formulary 2008
1830:or enter ocular tissue.
1587:levels. The antibiotics
1150:Urinary tract infections
1063:Streptococcus agalactiae
856:, balance problems, and
831:urinary tract infections
4822:Anti-tuberculosis drugs
2557:The Antimicrobial Drugs
2000:injected into the joint
1680:subunit of prokaryotic
1324:, caused by the forced
1237:possibility of causing
987:, in people with cancer
839:into a vein using an IV
1957:Pseudomonas aeruginosa
1860:
1755:Pseudomonas aeruginosa
1716:nucleotidyltransferase
1665:
1345:proximal renal tubules
1289:
1069:Listeria monocytogenes
3076:10.1007/s101560050001
2855:Eghianruwa K (2014).
2019:peripheral neuropathy
1942:intestinal microflora
1858:
1838:glomerular filtration
1769:is caused by AAD(4',4
1760:Staphylococcus aureus
1712:antibiotic resistance
1663:
1391:(increased output of
1287:
983:, when combined with
903:bacteria, especially
883:. It is derived from
870:30S ribosomal subunit
848:Amikacin, like other
16:Antibiotic medication
4409:Peptidyl transferase
1672:and the RNA-binding
1527:sodium metabisulfite
1210:breakthrough therapy
1198:accelerated approval
807:bacterial infections
380:Mostly unmetabolized
4038:Dihydrostreptomycin
3789:Silver sulfadiazine
3030:"O Aminoglycosides"
2176:. 30 September 2018
2143:. 16 September 2015
2033:peritoneal dialysis
1984:arthroscopic lavage
1828:blood–brain barrier
1824:cerebrospinal fluid
1751:adenylyltransferase
1656:Mechanism of action
1591:, clindamycin, and
1560:, which is used in
1377:blood urea nitrogen
1263:Parkinson's disease
1246:extracellular fluid
1239:congenital deafness
1228:Special populations
1094:Mycobacterium avium
1058:neonatal meningitis
1040:, as an adjunct to
1030:, as an adjunct to
897:multidrug-resistant
315:(Prescription only)
302:(Prescription only)
25:
4772:Never to phase III
3309:Wedgewood Pharmacy
2970:Bauman RW (2015).
2353:"Amikacin Sulfate"
1861:
1812:interstitial fluid
1666:
1540:; the antibiotics
1449:antiprostaglandins
1290:
1234:pregnancy category
1155:Enterobacteriaceae
1079:, as adjunct to a
1026:for meningitis by
21:
4782:
4781:
4741:
4740:
4737:
4736:
4449:
4448:
4340:
4339:
4336:
4335:
4245:Chlortetracycline
4213:
4212:
3930:
3929:
3926:
3925:
3772:Chemotherapeutics
3766:
3765:
3649:Chlortetracycline
3609:chemotherapeutics
3559:978-0-323-24485-5
3530:978-0-323-29170-5
3440:978-1-118-71416-4
3409:978-0-323-24196-0
3378:978-0-323-24293-6
3347:978-1-118-68590-7
3002:. 2 August 2017.
2981:978-0-321-91855-0
2902:978-1-4557-7377-0
2868:978-1-4918-0000-3
2841:978-0-12-803348-7
2812:978-1-4377-0282-8
2717:978-0-12-411492-0
2692:978-0-444-53716-4
2567:978-0-19-975971-2
2287:978-0-470-95964-0
2062:. 2 December 2019
1965:subconjunctivally
1747:acetyltransferase
1721:
1536:; the antifungal
1513:Contraindications
1385:white blood cells
1351:and binds to the
1259:myasthenia gravis
796:
795:
730:Interactive image
617:CompTox Dashboard
338:
323:
310:
297:
139:
106:
4844:
4799:
4798:
4797:
4790:
4462:
4461:
4414:
4413:
4351:
4350:
4300:Rolitetracycline
4230:
4229:
4017:
4016:
4002:
4001:
3957:
3950:
3943:
3934:
3933:
3908:Ingenol mebutate
3777:
3776:
3631:
3630:
3598:
3591:
3584:
3575:
3574:
3568:
3567:
3541:
3535:
3534:
3516:
3510:
3509:
3481:
3475:
3474:
3472:
3470:
3451:
3445:
3444:
3424:
3418:
3417:
3393:
3387:
3386:
3362:
3356:
3355:
3331:
3325:
3324:
3322:
3320:
3300:
3287:
3286:
3257:Amikacin Sulfate
3252:
3246:
3245:
3231:
3207:
3201:
3200:
3172:
3166:
3165:
3137:
3131:
3130:
3102:
3096:
3095:
3059:
3050:
3049:
3047:
3045:
3025:
3016:
3015:
3013:
3011:
2992:
2986:
2985:
2967:
2961:
2960:
2922:
2911:
2910:
2886:
2877:
2876:
2852:
2846:
2845:
2827:
2821:
2820:
2796:
2781:
2775:
2774:
2770:
2768:
2766:
2747:
2722:
2721:
2703:
2697:
2696:
2678:
2669:
2668:
2666:
2664:
2645:
2626:
2625:
2600:(6): 1089–1107.
2589:
2576:
2575:
2551:
2545:
2544:
2542:
2540:
2525:
2496:
2495:
2493:
2474:
2468:
2467:
2444:
2438:
2437:
2413:
2407:
2406:
2394:
2375:
2369:
2368:
2366:
2364:
2349:
2292:
2291:
2273:
2240:
2239:
2237:
2235:
2221:
2215:
2214:
2212:
2210:
2195:
2186:
2185:
2183:
2181:
2166:
2153:
2152:
2150:
2148:
2133:
2127:
2126:
2124:
2122:
2107:
2101:
2100:
2098:
2096:
2086:nctr-crs.fda.gov
2078:
2072:
2071:
2069:
2067:
2052:
1802:, as well as in
1781:Pharmacokinetics
1719:
1435:, acidosis, low
1401:specific gravity
1200:pathway. The US
1169:for people with
1120:Rhodococcus equi
981:Granulocytopenia
811:joint infections
809:. This includes
792:
791:
732:
712:
697:
691:
685:
679:
662:
651:
640:
639:
625:
623:
608:
588:
568:
560:
540:
520:
500:
480:
470:
469:
455:
389:
336:
333:
328:
321:
318:
308:
305:
295:
292:
270:
260:
250:
240:
230:
220:
210:
200:
137:
134:
116:
105:
102:
89:
75:
42:
33:
26:
24:
20:
4852:
4851:
4847:
4846:
4845:
4843:
4842:
4841:
4807:
4806:
4805:
4795:
4793:
4785:
4783:
4778:
4777:
4762:Clinical trials
4733:
4719:Streptogramin B
4714:Streptogramin A
4654:
4626:
4598:
4445:
4426:Chloramphenicol
4403:
4357:
4332:
4314:
4295:Penimepicycline
4290:Oxytetracycline
4221:
4209:
4193:
4132:
4008:
4006:Aminoglycosides
3991:
3961:
3931:
3922:
3896:
3862:Podophyllotoxin
3818:
3762:
3686:Aminoglycosides
3679:Chloramphenicol
3663:
3654:Oxytetracycline
3637:and derivatives
3620:
3602:
3572:
3571:
3560:
3542:
3538:
3531:
3517:
3513:
3482:
3478:
3468:
3466:
3453:
3452:
3448:
3441:
3425:
3421:
3410:
3394:
3390:
3379:
3363:
3359:
3348:
3332:
3328:
3318:
3316:
3301:
3290:
3275:
3253:
3249:
3222:(12): 695–708.
3208:
3204:
3173:
3169:
3138:
3134:
3103:
3099:
3060:
3053:
3043:
3041:
3026:
3019:
3009:
3007:
2994:
2993:
2989:
2982:
2968:
2964:
2949:
2923:
2914:
2903:
2887:
2880:
2869:
2853:
2849:
2842:
2828:
2824:
2813:
2797:
2784:
2772:
2764:
2762:
2761:(Press release)
2749:
2748:
2725:
2718:
2704:
2700:
2693:
2679:
2672:
2662:
2660:
2649:"amikacin (Rx)"
2647:
2646:
2629:
2590:
2579:
2568:
2552:
2548:
2538:
2536:
2535:. 10 April 2019
2527:
2526:
2499:
2475:
2471:
2460:
2446:
2445:
2441:
2430:
2414:
2410:
2403:
2376:
2372:
2362:
2360:
2351:
2350:
2295:
2288:
2274:
2243:
2233:
2231:
2223:
2222:
2218:
2208:
2206:
2197:
2196:
2189:
2179:
2177:
2168:
2167:
2156:
2146:
2144:
2135:
2134:
2130:
2120:
2118:
2109:
2108:
2104:
2094:
2092:
2080:
2079:
2075:
2065:
2063:
2054:
2053:
2046:
2041:
2029:kidney dialysis
1866:
1864:Veterinary uses
1846:
1820:synovial fluids
1783:
1708:
1658:
1653:
1645:typhoid vaccine
1643:, and the live
1641:cholera vaccine
1600:botulinum toxin
1589:chloramphenicol
1577:
1515:
1395:in the urine),
1381:red blood cells
1271:
1269:Adverse effects
1230:
1214:priority review
1183:
1181:Available forms
1167:empiric therapy
893:
858:kidney problems
787:
785:
780:
777:
772:
767:
766:
755:
752:
747:
746:
735:
710:
700:
694:
688:
682:
643:
619:
611:
591:
571:
543:
523:
503:
483:
466:
458:
438:
435:
422:
421:
387:
366:Protein binding
356:Bioavailability
348:Pharmacokinetic
342:
326:
274:
152:
145:
126:
119:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4850:
4840:
4839:
4834:
4829:
4824:
4819:
4804:
4803:
4780:
4779:
4776:
4775:
4774:
4773:
4770:
4759:
4753:
4747:
4746:
4743:
4742:
4739:
4738:
4735:
4734:
4732:
4731:
4721:
4716:
4711:
4697:
4683:
4664:
4662:
4660:Streptogramins
4656:
4655:
4653:
4652:
4647:
4642:
4636:
4634:
4628:
4627:
4625:
4624:
4619:
4614:
4608:
4606:
4600:
4599:
4597:
4596:
4591:
4586:
4581:
4579:Troleandomycin
4576:
4571:
4566:
4561:
4556:
4551:
4546:
4541:
4536:
4531:
4526:
4521:
4516:
4511:
4509:Flurithromycin
4506:
4501:
4496:
4494:Clarithromycin
4491:
4486:
4481:
4476:
4470:
4468:
4459:
4451:
4450:
4447:
4446:
4444:
4443:
4438:
4433:
4428:
4422:
4420:
4411:
4405:
4404:
4402:
4401:
4396:
4391:
4386:
4381:
4376:
4371:
4365:
4363:
4348:
4342:
4341:
4338:
4337:
4334:
4333:
4331:
4330:
4324:
4322:
4320:Glycylcyclines
4316:
4315:
4313:
4312:
4307:
4302:
4297:
4292:
4287:
4282:
4277:
4272:
4267:
4262:
4257:
4255:Demeclocycline
4252:
4247:
4242:
4236:
4234:
4227:
4215:
4214:
4211:
4210:
4208:
4207:
4201:
4199:
4195:
4194:
4192:
4191:
4186:
4180:
4179:
4178:
4177:
4172:
4167:
4162:
4157:
4146:
4144:
4140:Micromonospora
4134:
4133:
4131:
4130:
4128:Nourseothricin
4125:
4120:
4115:
4110:
4105:
4094:
4093:
4092:
4091:
4086:
4081:
4076:
4065:
4064:
4063:
4062:
4057:
4052:
4041:
4040:
4035:
4029:
4027:
4014:
3999:
3993:
3992:
3964:Antibacterials
3960:
3959:
3952:
3945:
3937:
3928:
3927:
3924:
3923:
3921:
3920:
3915:
3910:
3904:
3902:
3898:
3897:
3895:
3894:
3889:
3884:
3879:
3874:
3869:
3864:
3859:
3854:
3849:
3844:
3839:
3834:
3828:
3826:
3820:
3819:
3817:
3816:
3811:
3806:
3804:Sulfamethizole
3801:
3796:
3791:
3785:
3783:
3774:
3768:
3767:
3764:
3763:
3761:
3760:
3755:
3750:
3745:
3736:
3735:
3725:
3724:
3714:
3713:
3703:
3702:
3697:
3692:
3682:
3681:
3671:
3669:
3665:
3664:
3662:
3661:
3656:
3651:
3646:
3644:Demeclocycline
3640:
3638:
3628:
3622:
3621:
3613:dermatological
3601:
3600:
3593:
3586:
3578:
3570:
3569:
3558:
3536:
3529:
3511:
3476:
3446:
3439:
3419:
3408:
3388:
3377:
3357:
3346:
3326:
3288:
3273:
3247:
3202:
3167:
3148:(9): 621–629.
3132:
3097:
3051:
3017:
2987:
2980:
2962:
2947:
2912:
2901:
2878:
2867:
2847:
2840:
2822:
2811:
2782:
2723:
2716:
2698:
2691:
2670:
2627:
2577:
2566:
2546:
2497:
2469:
2458:
2439:
2428:
2408:
2401:
2370:
2293:
2286:
2241:
2216:
2205:. 21 July 2020
2187:
2154:
2128:
2117:. 21 June 2022
2102:
2073:
2043:
2042:
2040:
2037:
1996:limb perfusion
1992:Staphylococcus
1953:corneal ulcers
1949:ear infections
1865:
1862:
1845:
1842:
1782:
1779:
1766:S. epidermidis
1707:
1704:
1657:
1654:
1652:
1649:
1576:
1573:
1538:amphotericin B
1514:
1511:
1433:hypomagnesemia
1334:ear vestibules
1270:
1267:
1229:
1226:
1182:
1179:
1163:
1162:
1160:P. aeruginosa)
1147:
1144:
1138:
1124:
1116:
1085:
1084:
1083:
1073:
1054:
1044:
1034:
1018:
988:
978:
975:
973:Bronchiectasis
952:Staphylococcus
892:
889:
794:
793:
782:
781:
779:
778:
775:
773:
770:
762:
761:
760:
757:
756:
754:
753:
750:
742:
741:
740:
737:
736:
734:
733:
725:
723:
715:
714:
708:
702:
701:
698:
692:
686:
680:
675:
669:
668:
664:
663:
653:
645:
644:
642:
641:
628:
626:
613:
612:
610:
609:
601:
599:
593:
592:
590:
589:
581:
579:
573:
572:
570:
569:
563:as salt:
561:
553:
551:
545:
544:
542:
541:
533:
531:
525:
524:
522:
521:
513:
511:
505:
504:
502:
501:
493:
491:
485:
484:
482:
481:
473:
471:
460:
459:
457:
456:
448:
446:
440:
439:
437:
436:
425:
417:
416:
415:
412:
411:
407:
406:
401:
395:
394:
391:
382:
381:
378:
372:
371:
368:
362:
361:
358:
352:
351:
344:
343:
341:
340:
331:
316:
303:
289:
287:
281:
280:
276:
275:
273:
272:
189:
187:
181:
180:
178:Aminoglycoside
175:
169:
168:
155:
153:administration
147:
146:
144:
143:
141:
131:
129:
121:
120:
118:
117:
99:
97:
91:
90:
83:
77:
76:
69:
59:
58:
55:
49:
48:
44:
43:
35:
34:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4849:
4838:
4835:
4833:
4830:
4828:
4825:
4823:
4820:
4818:
4815:
4814:
4812:
4802:
4792:
4791:
4788:
4771:
4769:
4766:
4765:
4763:
4760:
4757:
4754:
4752:
4749:
4748:
4744:
4729:
4725:
4724:Virginiamycin
4722:
4720:
4717:
4715:
4712:
4709:
4705:
4701:
4698:
4695:
4691:
4687:
4684:
4681:
4677:
4673:
4669:
4668:Pristinamycin
4666:
4665:
4663:
4661:
4657:
4651:
4648:
4646:
4643:
4641:
4638:
4637:
4635:
4633:
4629:
4623:
4622:Solithromycin
4620:
4618:
4615:
4613:
4612:Telithromycin
4610:
4609:
4607:
4605:
4601:
4595:
4592:
4590:
4587:
4585:
4584:Tulathromycin
4582:
4580:
4577:
4575:
4572:
4570:
4567:
4565:
4564:Telithromycin
4562:
4560:
4557:
4555:
4554:Solithromycin
4552:
4550:
4549:Roxithromycin
4547:
4545:
4542:
4540:
4537:
4535:
4532:
4530:
4527:
4525:
4522:
4520:
4517:
4515:
4514:Gamithromycin
4512:
4510:
4507:
4505:
4502:
4500:
4499:Dirithromycin
4497:
4495:
4492:
4490:
4487:
4485:
4482:
4480:
4477:
4475:
4472:
4471:
4469:
4467:
4463:
4460:
4457:
4452:
4442:
4439:
4437:
4436:Thiamphenicol
4434:
4432:
4431:Azidamfenicol
4429:
4427:
4424:
4423:
4421:
4419:
4415:
4412:
4410:
4406:
4400:
4397:
4395:
4392:
4390:
4387:
4385:
4382:
4380:
4377:
4375:
4372:
4370:
4367:
4366:
4364:
4361:
4356:
4355:Oxazolidinone
4352:
4349:
4347:
4343:
4329:
4326:
4325:
4323:
4321:
4317:
4311:
4308:
4306:
4303:
4301:
4298:
4296:
4293:
4291:
4288:
4286:
4283:
4281:
4278:
4276:
4273:
4271:
4268:
4266:
4263:
4261:
4258:
4256:
4253:
4251:
4248:
4246:
4243:
4241:
4238:
4237:
4235:
4233:Tetracyclines
4231:
4228:
4225:
4220:
4216:
4206:
4203:
4202:
4200:
4196:
4190:
4187:
4185:
4182:
4181:
4176:
4173:
4171:
4168:
4166:
4163:
4161:
4158:
4156:
4153:
4152:
4151:
4148:
4147:
4145:
4142:
4141:
4135:
4129:
4126:
4124:
4121:
4119:
4116:
4114:
4111:
4109:
4108:Spectinomycin
4106:
4103:
4099:
4096:
4095:
4090:
4087:
4085:
4082:
4080:
4077:
4075:
4072:
4071:
4070:
4067:
4066:
4061:
4058:
4056:
4053:
4051:
4048:
4047:
4046:
4043:
4042:
4039:
4036:
4034:
4031:
4030:
4028:
4025:
4024:
4018:
4015:
4012:
4007:
4003:
4000:
3998:
3994:
3989:
3985:
3981:
3977:
3973:
3969:
3965:
3958:
3953:
3951:
3946:
3944:
3939:
3938:
3935:
3919:
3916:
3914:
3913:Metronidazole
3911:
3909:
3906:
3905:
3903:
3899:
3893:
3890:
3888:
3885:
3883:
3880:
3878:
3875:
3873:
3870:
3868:
3865:
3863:
3860:
3858:
3855:
3853:
3850:
3848:
3845:
3843:
3840:
3838:
3835:
3833:
3830:
3829:
3827:
3825:
3821:
3815:
3814:Sulfamerazine
3812:
3810:
3809:Sulfanilamide
3807:
3805:
3802:
3800:
3797:
3795:
3794:Sulfathiazole
3792:
3790:
3787:
3786:
3784:
3782:
3778:
3775:
3773:
3769:
3759:
3756:
3754:
3751:
3749:
3746:
3744:
3741:
3738:
3737:
3734:
3730:
3727:
3726:
3723:
3722:Virginiamycin
3719:
3718:Streptogramin
3716:
3715:
3712:
3708:
3705:
3704:
3701:
3698:
3696:
3693:
3691:
3687:
3684:
3683:
3680:
3676:
3673:
3672:
3670:
3666:
3660:
3657:
3655:
3652:
3650:
3647:
3645:
3642:
3641:
3639:
3636:
3632:
3629:
3627:
3623:
3618:
3614:
3610:
3606:
3599:
3594:
3592:
3587:
3585:
3580:
3579:
3576:
3565:
3561:
3555:
3551:
3547:
3540:
3532:
3526:
3522:
3515:
3507:
3503:
3499:
3495:
3491:
3487:
3480:
3464:
3460:
3456:
3450:
3442:
3436:
3432:
3431:
3423:
3415:
3411:
3405:
3401:
3400:
3392:
3384:
3380:
3374:
3370:
3369:
3361:
3353:
3349:
3343:
3339:
3338:
3330:
3314:
3310:
3306:
3299:
3297:
3295:
3293:
3284:
3280:
3276:
3274:9780122608124
3270:
3266:
3262:
3258:
3251:
3243:
3239:
3235:
3230:
3225:
3221:
3217:
3213:
3206:
3198:
3194:
3190:
3186:
3182:
3178:
3171:
3163:
3159:
3155:
3151:
3147:
3143:
3136:
3128:
3124:
3120:
3116:
3112:
3108:
3101:
3093:
3089:
3085:
3081:
3077:
3073:
3069:
3065:
3058:
3056:
3039:
3035:
3031:
3024:
3022:
3005:
3001:
2997:
2991:
2983:
2977:
2973:
2966:
2958:
2954:
2950:
2948:9780444537416
2944:
2940:
2936:
2932:
2928:
2921:
2919:
2917:
2908:
2904:
2898:
2894:
2893:
2885:
2883:
2874:
2870:
2864:
2860:
2859:
2851:
2843:
2837:
2833:
2826:
2818:
2814:
2808:
2804:
2803:
2795:
2793:
2791:
2789:
2787:
2779:
2778:public domain
2760:
2758:
2752:
2746:
2744:
2742:
2740:
2738:
2736:
2734:
2732:
2730:
2728:
2719:
2713:
2709:
2702:
2694:
2688:
2684:
2677:
2675:
2658:
2654:
2650:
2644:
2642:
2640:
2638:
2636:
2634:
2632:
2623:
2619:
2615:
2611:
2607:
2603:
2599:
2595:
2588:
2586:
2584:
2582:
2573:
2569:
2563:
2559:
2558:
2550:
2534:
2530:
2524:
2522:
2520:
2518:
2516:
2514:
2512:
2510:
2508:
2506:
2504:
2502:
2492:
2487:
2483:
2479:
2473:
2465:
2461:
2459:9780191039621
2455:
2451:
2450:
2443:
2435:
2431:
2429:9783527607495
2425:
2421:
2420:
2412:
2404:
2402:9789241547659
2398:
2393:
2388:
2384:
2380:
2374:
2358:
2354:
2348:
2346:
2344:
2342:
2340:
2338:
2336:
2334:
2332:
2330:
2328:
2326:
2324:
2322:
2320:
2318:
2316:
2314:
2312:
2310:
2308:
2306:
2304:
2302:
2300:
2298:
2289:
2283:
2279:
2272:
2270:
2268:
2266:
2264:
2262:
2260:
2258:
2256:
2254:
2252:
2250:
2248:
2246:
2230:
2226:
2220:
2204:
2200:
2194:
2192:
2175:
2171:
2165:
2163:
2161:
2159:
2142:
2138:
2132:
2116:
2112:
2106:
2091:
2087:
2083:
2077:
2061:
2057:
2051:
2049:
2044:
2036:
2034:
2030:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2016:
2012:
2007:
2005:
2001:
1997:
1993:
1989:
1985:
1981:
1977:
1976:endometriosis
1972:
1970:
1966:
1962:
1958:
1954:
1950:
1945:
1943:
1939:
1935:
1931:
1927:
1923:
1919:
1915:
1911:
1907:
1903:
1899:
1895:
1891:
1887:
1883:
1879:
1875:
1871:
1857:
1853:
1851:
1841:
1839:
1834:
1831:
1829:
1825:
1821:
1817:
1816:pleural fluid
1813:
1809:
1805:
1801:
1797:
1793:
1789:
1778:
1776:
1772:
1768:
1767:
1762:
1761:
1756:
1752:
1748:
1744:
1740:
1739:Mycobacterium
1735:
1732:
1727:
1725:
1717:
1713:
1703:
1700:
1698:
1694:
1690:
1687:
1683:
1679:
1675:
1671:
1662:
1648:
1646:
1642:
1638:
1633:
1631:
1627:
1624:
1620:
1615:
1613:
1612:anticoagulant
1609:
1605:
1601:
1596:
1594:
1590:
1586:
1582:
1572:
1570:
1565:
1563:
1559:
1555:
1551:
1547:
1543:
1539:
1535:
1530:
1528:
1524:
1520:
1510:
1506:
1504:
1500:
1496:
1492:
1488:
1484:
1480:
1476:
1472:
1468:
1464:
1459:
1457:
1452:
1450:
1446:
1442:
1438:
1434:
1430:
1426:
1422:
1418:
1414:
1413:renal tubular
1410:
1409:urinary casts
1406:
1402:
1398:
1394:
1390:
1387:, as well as
1386:
1382:
1378:
1374:
1370:
1366:
1365:phospholipids
1362:
1358:
1354:
1350:
1346:
1341:
1339:
1338:free radicals
1335:
1331:
1327:
1323:
1319:
1318:cranial nerve
1315:
1311:
1307:
1304:of the skin (
1303:
1299:
1295:
1286:
1282:
1280:
1276:
1275:Kidney damage
1266:
1264:
1260:
1255:
1252:
1249:
1247:
1242:
1240:
1235:
1225:
1221:
1219:
1215:
1211:
1207:
1203:
1199:
1195:
1190:
1188:
1178:
1176:
1172:
1168:
1161:
1157:
1156:
1151:
1148:
1145:
1142:
1139:
1137:
1133:
1129:
1125:
1122:
1121:
1117:
1114:
1113:
1108:
1107:
1102:
1101:
1096:
1095:
1090:
1086:
1082:
1078:
1074:
1071:
1070:
1065:
1064:
1059:
1055:
1053:
1049:
1048:Acinetobacter
1045:
1043:
1039:
1035:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1024:
1022:
1019:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1005:
1001:
1000:metronidazole
997:
993:
989:
986:
982:
979:
976:
974:
971:
970:
969:
966:
964:
963:mycobacterial
960:
959:
954:
953:
948:
947:Gram-positive
944:
943:
938:
937:
932:
931:
926:
925:
920:
919:
914:
913:
912:Acinetobacter
908:
907:
902:
901:Gram-negative
898:
888:
886:
882:
877:
875:
871:
867:
863:
859:
855:
851:
846:
844:
843:into a muscle
840:
836:
832:
828:
824:
820:
816:
812:
808:
804:
800:
790:
783:
774:
769:
768:
765:
758:
749:
748:
745:
738:
731:
727:
726:
724:
721:
716:
709:
707:
703:
676:
674:
670:
665:
661:
657:
654:
652:
650:ECHA InfoCard
646:
638:
634:
633:DTXSID3022586
630:
629:
627:
618:
614:
607:
603:
602:
600:
598:
594:
587:
583:
582:
580:
578:
574:
567:
562:
559:
555:
554:
552:
550:
546:
539:
535:
534:
532:
530:
526:
519:
515:
514:
512:
510:
506:
499:
495:
494:
492:
490:
486:
479:
475:
474:
472:
465:
461:
454:
450:
449:
447:
445:
441:
433:
429:
424:
423:
420:
413:
408:
405:
402:
400:
396:
392:
390:
383:
379:
377:
373:
369:
367:
363:
359:
357:
353:
349:
345:
339: Rx-only
332:
329:
317:
314:
304:
301:
291:
290:
288:
286:
282:
277:
269:
264:
259:
254:
249:
244:
239:
234:
229:
224:
219:
214:
209:
204:
199:
194:
191:
190:
188:
186:
182:
179:
176:
174:
170:
167:
163:
159:
158:Intramuscular
156:
154:
148:
142:
133:
132:
130:
128:
122:
115:
110:
101:
100:
98:
96:
92:
88:
84:
82:
78:
74:
70:
68:
64:
60:
56:
54:
50:
47:Clinical data
45:
41:
36:
32:
27:
19:
4837:Orphan drugs
4708:Quinupristin
4704:Dalfopristin
4632:Lincosamides
4569:Tildipirosin
4539:Oleandomycin
4504:Erythromycin
4474:Azithromycin
4310:Tetracycline
4285:Omadacycline
4270:Meclocycline
4260:Eravacycline
4250:Clomocycline
4165:Micronomicin
4138:
4113:Hygromycin B
4102:+loteprednol
4073:
4060:Ribostamycin
4033:Streptomycin
4023:Streptomyces
4021:
3918:Tirbanibulin
3872:Tromantadine
3781:Sulfonamides
3743:Fusidic acid
3739:
3711:Nadifloxacin
3699:
3659:Tetracycline
3635:Tetracycline
3549:
3539:
3520:
3514:
3489:
3485:
3479:
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3458:
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3308:
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3180:
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3033:
3008:. Retrieved
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2754:
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2652:
2597:
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2537:. Retrieved
2532:
2491:10665/325771
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2382:
2373:
2361:. Retrieved
2277:
2232:. Retrieved
2228:
2219:
2207:. Retrieved
2202:
2178:. Retrieved
2173:
2145:. Retrieved
2140:
2131:
2119:. Retrieved
2114:
2105:
2093:. Retrieved
2085:
2076:
2064:. Retrieved
2059:
2026:
2023:
2008:
1991:
1988:subcutaneous
1973:
1956:
1946:
1914:crocodilians
1890:prairie dogs
1867:
1847:
1835:
1832:
1784:
1774:
1770:
1764:
1758:
1754:
1742:
1738:
1736:
1731:streptomycin
1728:
1709:
1701:
1667:
1651:Pharmacology
1634:
1626:indomethacin
1616:
1597:
1593:tetracycline
1578:
1575:Interactions
1566:
1562:chemotherapy
1548:, colistin,
1531:
1518:
1516:
1507:
1487:eosinophilia
1460:
1453:
1429:hypocalcemia
1361:renal cortex
1342:
1291:
1272:
1256:
1253:
1250:
1243:
1231:
1222:
1191:
1184:
1164:
1159:
1153:
1128:beta-lactams
1118:
1112:M. fortuitum
1110:
1104:
1098:
1092:
1089:tuberculosis
1076:
1067:
1061:
1047:
1037:
1027:
1004:piperacillin
967:
956:
950:
940:
934:
928:
922:
918:Enterobacter
916:
910:
904:
894:
891:Medical uses
878:
854:hearing loss
852:, can cause
847:
798:
797:
786:
431:
427:
386:Elimination
285:Legal status
279:Legal status
95:License data
18:
4827:Butyramides
4758:from market
4694:Linopristin
4640:Clindamycin
4617:Cethromycin
4544:Rokitamycin
4529:Midecamycin
4524:Kitasamycin
4441:Florfenicol
4418:Amphenicols
4362:inhibitors)
4328:Tigecycline
4305:Sarecycline
4280:Minocycline
4275:Metacycline
4265:Lymecycline
4240:Doxycycline
4084:Bekanamycin
4055:Paromomycin
4013:inhibitors)
3887:Ibacitabine
3842:Idoxuridine
3837:Penciclovir
3753:Tyrothricin
3626:Antibiotics
3605:Antibiotics
3492:: 115–122.
2933:: 509–540.
2765:12 November
2392:10665/44053
1874:chinchillas
1870:guinea pigs
1850:kanamycin A
1792:gallbladder
1693:wobble base
1674:S12 protein
1637:BCG vaccine
1604:anesthetics
1581:penicillins
1550:polymyxin B
1546:capreomycin
1499:hypotension
1417:hypokalemia
1389:albuminuria
1357:pinocytosis
1306:paresthesia
1279:ototoxicity
1171:neutropenia
1106:M. chelonae
1100:M. abcessus
1038:Pseudomonas
996:clindamycin
992:peritonitis
985:ticarcillin
945:. The only
906:Pseudomonas
713: g·mol
656:100.048.653
410:Identifiers
162:intravenous
81:MedlinePlus
53:Trade names
4811:Categories
4690:Flopristin
4650:Pirlimycin
4645:Lincomycin
4594:Tylvalosin
4574:Tilmicosin
4559:Spiramycin
4534:Miocamycin
4489:Carrimycin
4484:Carbomycin
4466:Macrolides
4389:Ranbezolid
4369:Eperezolid
4360:initiation
4189:Astromicin
4184:Verdamicin
4175:Isepamicin
4170:Plazomicin
4155:Netilmicin
4150:Gentamicin
4098:Tobramycin
4050:Framycetin
4011:initiation
3857:Resiquimod
3824:Antivirals
3748:Bacitracin
3707:Quinolones
3695:Gentamicin
3675:Amphenicol
3546:"Amikacin"
3303:Forney B.
3070:(1): 1–9.
2996:"Amikacin"
2363:8 December
2095:22 October
2039:References
1969:cephazolin
1706:Resistance
1585:creatinine
1554:vancomycin
1542:bacitracin
1503:infarction
1491:arthralgia
1397:glycosuria
1373:creatinine
1330:hair cells
1308:), muscle
1206:fast track
1132:carbapenem
1060:caused by
1021:Meningitis
1012:ampicillin
1008:tazobactam
936:Klebsiella
899:, aerobic
819:meningitis
803:antibiotic
718:3D model (
706:Molar mass
586:CHEBI:2637
538:84319SGC3C
509:ChemSpider
453:37517-28-5
444:CAS Number
430:)-4-Amino-
419:IUPAC name
376:Metabolism
173:Drug class
166:inhalation
4768:Phase III
4756:Withdrawn
4604:Ketolides
4519:Josamycin
4479:Boromycin
4399:Tedizolid
4394:Sutezolid
4384:Radezolid
4379:Posizolid
4374:Linezolid
4205:Butirosin
4160:Sisomicin
4123:Apramycin
4118:Totomycin
4089:Dibekacin
4079:Arbekacin
4069:Kanamycin
3867:Docosanol
3852:Imiquimod
3847:Edoxudine
3832:Aciclovir
3758:Mupirocin
3733:Rifaximin
3729:Rifamycin
3506:0737-0806
3283:0099-5428
3113:: 33–41.
3044:14 August
3010:10 August
2957:0378-6080
2655:. WebMD.
2060:Drugs.com
1926:sinusitis
1918:bullfrogs
1910:tortoises
1844:Chemistry
1775:S. aureus
1724:kanamycin
1619:Quinidine
1558:cisplatin
1534:acyclovir
1471:headaches
1463:skin rash
1425:alkalosis
1369:lysosomes
1326:apoptosis
1310:twitching
1042:meropenem
1016:sulbactam
885:kanamycin
866:pregnancy
862:paralysis
823:pneumonia
606:ChEMBL177
399:Excretion
393:2–3 hours
388:half-life
151:Routes of
125:Pregnancy
73:Monograph
67:Drugs.com
4801:Medicine
4226:binding)
4137:-micin (
4074:Amikacin
4045:Neomycin
4020:-mycin (
3882:Lysozyme
3799:Mafenide
3700:Amikacin
3690:Neomycin
3564:Archived
3469:8 August
3463:Archived
3459:DailyMed
3414:Archived
3383:Archived
3352:Archived
3319:9 August
3313:Archived
3242:Archived
3197:24216518
3162:20797644
3127:28365471
3092:38981498
3084:11810483
3038:Archived
3004:Archived
3000:DrugBank
2907:Archived
2873:Archived
2817:Archived
2663:9 August
2657:Archived
2653:Medscape
2622:30373734
2614:17116438
2572:Archived
2539:13 March
2533:DailyMed
2480:(2019).
2464:Archived
2434:Archived
2357:Archived
2180:13 March
2174:DailyMed
2147:13 March
2121:30 March
2066:13 March
1980:pyometra
1951:and for
1878:hamsters
1682:ribosome
1670:16S rRNA
1630:ioversol
1483:vomiting
1441:diabetes
1421:acidosis
1405:oliguria
1314:seizures
1302:tingling
1298:numbness
1052:colistin
1032:imipenem
958:Nocardia
942:Serratia
874:proteins
799:Amikacin
789:(verify)
489:DrugBank
263:QJ01RA06
253:QS01AA21
243:QJ01GB06
233:QD06AX12
185:ATC code
127:category
114:Amikacin
109:DailyMed
23:Amikacin
4589:Tylosin
3877:Inosine
3238:4568692
2234:3 March
2209:4 March
2004:Adequan
1934:rabbits
1906:turtles
1695:of the
1676:of the
1608:citrate
1523:sulfite
1393:albumin
1367:in the
1353:anionic
1328:of the
1322:cochlea
1294:vertigo
1077:E. coli
1028:E. coli
930:Proteus
924:E. coli
711:585.608
673:Formula
498:DB00479
464:PubChem
360:>90%
330:Rx-only
327:WARNING
265: (
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1495:anemia
1479:nausea
1475:tremor
1445:sepsis
1403:, and
1383:, and
1349:cation
1312:, and
1216:, and
1141:Sepsis
1109:, and
939:, and
829:, and
827:sepsis
801:is an
744:SMILES
597:ChEMBL
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2141:(emc)
2015:edema
1938:hares
1898:birds
1800:bones
1796:lungs
1788:heart
1623:NSAID
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1456:apnea
1175:fever
1010:, or
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720:JSmol
577:ChEBI
518:34635
478:37768
370:0–11%
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