165:
39:
237:
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321:
213:). She had a younger sister named Zaria for whom the modern city of Zaria (Kaduna State) was renamed by the British in the early twentieth century. According to oral legends collected by anthropologist David E. Jones, Amina was brought up in her grandfather's court and was favored by him. He carried her around court and instructed her carefully in political and military matters.
510:
a dagger. Amina holding the dagger did not shock Marka, rather it was that Amina held it exactly as a warrior would. As an adult, she refused to marry for the fear of losing power. She helped Zazzau (Zaria) become the center of trade and to gain more land. Her mother, Bakwa, died when Amina was 36 years old, leaving her to rule over Zaria.
778:
329:...ruling class Hausa women experienced a steady diminution in their influence and were systematically deprived of their authority and autonomy. The traditional titles and offices relating to authority over women and redress of their grievances have now become nominal or may have been discarded all together.
509:
More recent oral tradition has a series of lively stories about the queen, and these have found their way into popular culture. Among them were: Amina was a fierce warrior and loved fighting. As a child, her grandmother Marka, the favorite wife of her grandfather Sarkin Nohir, once caught her holding
354:
Beyond her expansion of Zazzau territory, she created trade routes throughout
Northern Africa. Additionally, Amina has been credited with ordering the construction of a distinctive series of ancient Hausa fortifications, known as 'Amina's walls', and with introducing kola nut cultivation in the area.
345:
Strange things have happened in the history of the seven Hausa States, and most strange of these is the extent of the possessions which God gave to
Aminatu, daughter of the ruler of Zazzau. She waged war in the Hausa lands and took them all so that the men of Katsina and the men of Kano brought her
304:
says that "She died in a place called
Attaagar. It was for this reason that the kingdom of Zazzau was the most extensive among the kingdoms of Hausa, since Bauchi included many regions." Drawing on Tafa's account, Sidney John Hogben reports that "Amina died in Atagara, near present day Idah, for at
279:
Legends cited by Sidney John Hogben say that she took a new lover in every town she went through, each of whom was said to meet the same unfortunate fate in the morning: "her brief bridegroom was beheaded so that none should live to tell the tale." Under Amina, Zazzau controlled more territory than
402:
itself, written largely the nineteenth century but extending to 1902, published in 1910, that gives a list of the rulers and the duration of their reigns. Amina is not mentioned in this chronicle, but oral tradition in the early twentieth century held her to be the daughter of Bakwa
Turunku, whose
271:
Only three months after being crowned queen, Amina waged a 34-year campaign against her neighbors, to expand Zazzau territory. Her army, consisting of 20,000 foot soldiers and 1,000 cavalry troops, was well trained and fearsome. In fact, one of her first announcements to her people was a call for
227:
After the death of her parents in or around 1566, Amina's brother became king of Zazzau. At this point, Amina had distinguished herself as a "leading warrior in her brother's cavalry" and gained notoriety for her military skills. She is still celebrated today in traditional Hausa praise songs as
387:, a well-regarded and detailed history of the city of Kano, composed in the late nineteenth century, but incorporating earlier documentary material. According to this chronicle, she was a contemporary of Muhammad Dauda, who ruled from 1421 to 1438, and Amina conquered as far as
305:
that time Amina had pushed the frontiers of Zazzau south of the Niger-Benue confluence. But there are many contradictions surrounding her death; many authors in their books cited that she died in Vom Jos while other historian said she died in
Atagara, the present day Idah."
224:). From an early age, Amina had a number of suitors attempt to marry her. Attempts to gain her hand included "a daily offer of ten slaves" from Makama and "fifty male slaves and fifty female slaves as well as fifty bags of white and blue cloth" from the Sarkin Kano.
268:, and Garun Gabas. Before Amina assumed the throne, Zazzau was one of the largest of these states. It was also the primary source of slaves that would be sold at the slave markets of Kano and Katsina by Arab merchants.
166:
403:
reign is dated by the chronicle from 1492 to 1522. On this basis, some scholars date her reign to the early sixteenth century. Historian
Abdullahi Smith, however, places her reign after 1576.
333:
Although Amina's success as a ruler did not have a trickle down effect on her female successors, Amina enjoyed a lasting reputation, bordering on legend, as a woman warrior. In his 1812 work
395:, collected tribute from far and wide and ruled for 34 years. A number of scholars accept this information and date her reign to the early to mid-fifteenth century.
1215:
985:
Pan-Africanism : political philosophy and socio-economic anthropology for
African liberation and governance, Caribbean and African American contributions
280:
ever before. To mark and protect her new lands, Amina had her cities surrounded by earthen walls. These walls became commonplace across the nation until the
84:
367:, which was made in 1573 and names a place in Africa as "Castelo Damina," the Castle of Amina. One of the earliest textual sources to mention Amina is
1278:
146:
1092:
206:
Amina was born in the middle of the sixteenth century CE to King
Nikatau, the 22nd ruler of Zazzau, and Queen Bakwa Turunku (r. 1536–
135:
1271:
She's one of those female fighter that fought very hard and she also created a legacy by leading her men from her kingdom to war
1319:
1314:
484:
1061:
1354:
1344:
729:
244:
After the death of her brother Karami in 1576, Amina ascended to the position of queen. Zazzau was one of the original seven
1384:
1379:
1364:
1349:
1339:
383:
and other regions to pay tribute to her. Bello provided no chronological details about her. She is also mentioned in the
350:
and against the other towns of the south and of the west, so that her possession stretched down to the shores of the sea .
1223:
1329:
1025:
992:
911:
788:
480:, 12-year-old Kingsley Smith triumphantly reads aloud the story of Amina to his family, after having learnt to read.
939:
857:
1374:
1309:
1048:
1369:
375:, composed around 1836. He claims that she was "the first to establish government among ," and she forced
964:
1394:
1334:
881:
392:
1161:
Abdullahi Smith,"Some Notes on the
History of Zauzau under the Hausa Kings," in M. J. Mortimore, ed.,
758:
494:. She is also a general, which female rulers typically cannot be in the game, and has very good stats.
1324:
1260:
745:
477:
1389:
1188:
1059:
Muhammad Bello, Infaq 'l-Maysuur, chapter 7, translated
Muhammad Shareef, (Sennar, Sudan,2008)
300:
The exact circumstances of Amina's death are not known. The nineteenth-century Muslim scholar
1359:
1304:
1299:
719:
491:
473:
440:
422:
301:
364:
228:"Amina daughter of Nikatau, a woman as capable as a man that was able to lead men to war."
8:
875:
451:
435:
417:
1243:(Action, Adventure, Biography), BlackScreen Entertainment, Netflix, Videosonic Studios
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693:
688:
1174:
M Adamu, "The Hausa and their Neighbors in the Central Sudan," in D. T. Niane, ed.,
1068:
852:. Commire, Anne., Klezmer, Deborah. Waterford, CT: Yorkin Publications. 1999–2002.
469:
1273:
1119:
380:
314:
272:
them to "resharpen their weapons." She conquered large tracts of land as far as
465:(2017) by Roye Okupe as stated in the coloring book also created by the author.
384:
368:
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281:
245:
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38:
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Amina appears as the leader of Zazzau in 1444, well before her lifetime, in
191:
176:
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388:
253:
502:
461:
Amina is the inspiration for the character Malika in the graphic novel
71:
1193:
1107:
Journal of the Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland
411:
284:
conquest of Zazzau in 1904, and many of them survive today, known as
273:
236:
1118:
R. A. Adeleye, "Hausaland and Bornu, 1600-1800," in J. F. Ajayi and
320:
1216:"YouNeek African Heroes - An All Ages Coloring & Activity Book"
1261:
http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_gx5229/is_2003/ai_n19152012/
1259:"Amina of Zaria," in UXL Encyclopedia of World Biography (2003),
698:
376:
363:
One of the earliest sources to mention Amina is a map called the
261:
195:
119:
458:(2018) by J.S. Emuakpor, based on her life beginning in 1557 CE.
447:
honors her, and multiple educational institutions bear her name.
1163:
Zaria and its Region: A Nigerian Savannah City and its Environs
934:(1st publ. in this non-net ed.). London: Faber and Faber.
347:
183:
124:
112:
100:
56:
29:
1135:
Humphrey Fisher. "The Eastern Maghreb and the Central Sudan,"
399:
257:
249:
187:
44:
487:
Queen Amina appears as the leader of the Hausa civilization.
265:
52:
1018:
The history of Africa : the quest for eternal harmony
850:
Women in world history : a biographical encyclopedia
987:. Mankon, Cameroon: Langaa Research & Publishing.
831:. London: Oxford University Press. pp. 215–255.
231:
220:(heir apparent), and was given forty female slaves (
1015:
759:
PBS.org - Global Connections: Roles of Muslim Women
501:depicts her rise to the throne. It is directed by
929:
780:The Oxford Encyclopedia of Women in World History
1291:
1049:BnF : Planisphère de Domingos Teixeira 1573
194:), in what is now in the north-west region of
406:
717:
286:
198:. She ruled in the mid-sixteenth century.
37:
718:Falola, Toyin; Genova, Ann (2009-07-01).
1105:H. R. Palmer, ed. "The Kano Chronicle,"
410:
358:
319:
235:
1292:
1236:
1178:(London and Los Angeles, 1984) 4: 275.
1139:(8 vols., Cambridge, 1977) 3: 232-330.
1091:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
826:
513:
485:Age of Empires III: Definitive Edition
1016:Asante, Molefi Kete (December 2018).
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1150:Journal of the Royal African Society
972:. Timbuktu, Mali: Sankore Institute.
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398:There is also a local chronicle of
13:
1189:"Queen of Zazzau by J.S. Emuakpor"
1148:E. J. Arnett, "A Hausa Chronicle"
14:
1406:
920:
888:
835:
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248:(Hausa Bakwai), the others being
232:Queenship and expansion of Zazzau
1176:UNESCO General History of Africa
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721:Historical Dictionary of Nigeria
450:Amina is the protagonist of the
365:Planisphere of Domingos Teixeira
216:At age sixteen, Amina was named
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983:Kinni, Fongot Kini-Yen (2015).
976:
746:"Amina, Warrior Queen of Zaria"
724:. Scarecrow Press. p. 34.
1126:(2 vols., London, 1971) vol. 1
956:
752:
738:
711:
317:has noted, after Amina's death
1:
1320:Women in 17th-century warfare
1315:Women in 16th-century warfare
1274:"Woman that lead mean to war"
704:
207:
201:
1355:17th-century Nigerian people
1345:16th-century Nigerian people
829:Emirates of Northern Nigeria
7:
1385:17th-century women monarchs
1380:16th-century women monarchs
1365:History of women in Nigeria
1350:17th-century Nigerian women
1340:16th-century Nigerian women
1137:Cambridge History of Africa
783:. Oxford University Press.
682:
472:, the fifth episode of the
10:
1411:
1237:Ojukwu, Izu (2021-11-04),
930:Crowder, Michael. (1978).
407:Modern cultural depictions
1152:9 (1910), p. 161-62; 165.
906:. Brassey's. p. 84.
904:Women Warriors: A History
777:Smith, Bonnie G. (2008).
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346:tribute. She made war in
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179:historical figure in the
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62:
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26:
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1330:Queens regnant in Africa
1020:. Taylor & Francis.
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902:Jones, David E (2000).
1124:History of West Africa
880:: CS1 maint: others (
429:
352:
339:Sultan Bello of Sokoto
331:
325:
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241:
827:Hogben, S.J. (1966).
492:Europa Universalis IV
463:Malika: Warrior Queen
441:National Arts Theatre
423:National Arts Theatre
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359:Historical references
343:
327:
323:
239:
1375:African slave owners
1310:African women in war
932:The story of Nigeria
1370:Nigerian princesses
584:Queen Bakwa Turunku
514:Partial family tree
43:Statue of Amina in
1395:Women slave owners
1220:youneekstudios.com
483:In the video game
452:historical fantasy
436:Queen Amina Statue
430:
418:Queen Amina Statue
326:
242:
240:Conquests of Amina
1335:People from Zaria
1109:38 (1908), p. 75.
731:978-0-8108-6316-3
694:Legends of Africa
689:History of Africa
680:
679:
324:Queen Amina stage
292:(Amina's walls).
152:
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1283:
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1222:. Archived from
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1067:. Archived from
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1120:Michael Crowder
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1062:"Archived copy"
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456:Queen of Zazzau
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335:Infaq al-Maysur
315:Michael Crowder
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16:Queen of Zazzau
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1282:. 28 May 2020.
1279:naijabiography
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1226:on 2017-12-23.
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1165:(Zaria, 1970).
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1074:on 2011-07-28
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147:Bakwa Turunku
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1360:Hausa people
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1277:
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1232:
1224:the original
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1198:. Retrieved
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1076:. Retrieved
1069:the original
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