1050:, many local warlords rebelled by seizing power of their local governments and creating conflicts with the Dương court. King Dương Tam Kha sent an army led by Prince Ngô Xương Văn to suppress the rebellion. However, with the army at his command, the prince staged a coup d'état in 950. Rather than administering a harsh punishment, Ngô Xương Văn forgave Dương Tam Kha and demoted him to the title of "Lord". Ngô Xương Văn was then crowned king under the title "Nam Tấn Vương", and sent envoys in search for his refuged older brother, Ngô Xương Ngập. In 951, Ngô Xương Ngập returned to Cổ Loa and was crowned king under the title "Thiên Sách Vương", and with his brother became a co-ruler of the
1094:
881:
1332:Đinh Bộ Lĩnh used to hold some posts in Hoan Châu (Nghệ An and Hà Tĩnh today), but lost his positions and went back to Hoa Lư in 950. Here, he became an adoptive son and subordinate general to Trần Lãm. Considering Đinh Bộ Lĩnh as a reasonable leader who could manage the circumstances, Trần Lãm retired and gave all power to him. Đinh Bộ Lĩnh led the army to occupy Hoa Lư, which became the national capital under his reign afterward.
45:
923:
1081:
and established his power base there. When the Ngô dynasty collapsed under Lã Xử Bình's rebellion, Tĩnh Hải Quân became a power vacuum and divided into 12 domains where each was administered by a powerful warlord converging into three main factions during the conflict: the Ngô dynasty royalists under
1365:
In Tây Phù Liệt, Nguyễn Siêu lost four of his generals in the first battle with Đinh Bộ Lĩnh. In the second battle, he split his army in half to seek backup. However, their ships were wrecked, upon which Đinh Bộ Lĩnh commanded his soldiers to set fire to the camps of the remaining army. Nguyễn Siêu
1320:
Of those, Ngô Xương Xí and Ngô Nhật Khánh were nobles of the Ngô dynasty, Phạm Bạch Hổ, Đỗ Cảnh Thạc, Kiều Công Hãn were officials of the Ngô dynasty. The remainders were considered local landlords or nobles from
Northern nations, which was the ancient nations holding what is now China. Four of the
1120:), succeeded Lãm after his death. In 968, Đinh Bộ Lĩnh defeated the other eleven major warlords and reunified the nation under his rule. In the same year, Đinh Bộ Lĩnh ascended the throne, proclaiming himself emperor with the title
1369:
By the beginning of 968, after defeating and killing Nguyễn Thủ Tiệp, Kiểu Công Hãn, Nguyễn Khoan, Kiều Thuận, Lý Khuê, Lã Đường, the war ended and Đinh Bộ Lĩnh successfully united the divided regions.
631:
1737:
1057:
Despite the return of the legitimate heirs to the throne, rebellions continued to afflict the country. In 965, in an attempt to quell a rebellion, King Ngô Xương Văn was killed in
986:, 𨑮𠄩使君). Four of the warlords are verified to have traced their direct lineage from what is now China today. This period ended in 968 with the unification war of Vietnam by
1712:
1571:
1058:
1228:
1074:
1066:
1078:
1602:
1324:
Recent findings suggest that there was a 13th warlord that is not included in the list: Dương Huy, who ruled a region to the South-East of Cổ Loa.
909:
1034:, ruling from 944 to 950. As a result, Crown Prince Ngô Xương Ngập fled and hid in the countryside. The prince's younger brother, Prince
1077:, the son of King Ngô Xương Văn, inherited the throne, but he could not maintain his father's authority. He retreated to the area of
585:
1362:
The battle with Đỗ Cảnh Thạc in Đỗ Động Giang took over a year, until Đinh Bộ Lĩnh seized the fortress and Đỗ Cảnh Thạc was killed.
1527:
2004- Page 393 "... and statesman who helped Đinh Bộ Lĩnh put an end to the period of anarchy of the Twelve
Warlords before the
1717:
831:
1445:
562:
1579:
308:
1672:
328:
288:
1418:
493:
1455:
1428:
1401:
836:
816:
702:
425:
346:
229:
1702:
1391:
902:
1732:
772:
1727:
1707:
1101:
Other minor warlords eventually joined in and formed alliances among the three main factions of the conflict.
1054:. However, the co-rulership was short-lived, as the elder brother King Ngô Xương Ngập died of illness in 954.
1018:
and declaring independence from centuries of
Chinese rule. After Ngô Quyền's death in 944, his brother-in-law
279:
171:
1031:
1393:
Shadow of the Dragon: Vietnam's
Continuing Struggle with China and Its Implications for U.S. Foreign Policy
821:
792:
522:
1610:
54:
1255:
895:
861:
846:
841:
826:
512:
298:
24:
1162:
1475:
947:
1633:
1129:
1027:
161:
1309:
1093:
856:
238:
126:
1697:
1637:
1373:
He also convinced Phạm Bạch Hồ, Ngô Xương Xí, and Ngô Nhật Khánh to surrender and join his army.
1220:
1215:
1188:
1117:
1062:
1035:
1722:
1347:) because of the continuous victories. In 968, the era ended and was replaced by the era of the
1304:
1201:
1121:
1313:
1277:
1193:
1152:
1083:
1051:
1007:
752:
606:
116:
1654:
1263:
1249:
1109:
987:
1156:
455:
465:
201:
1499:
1269:
8:
979:
935:
136:
385:
318:
1296:
1047:
1019:
963:
502:
475:
33:
1282:
655:
1451:
1424:
1397:
782:
544:
261:
181:
74:
1207:
851:
595:
533:
405:
191:
1003:
971:
762:
211:
1086:; military junta under Lã Xử Bình in Cổ Loa; and the regional governorship under
445:
1528:
1348:
1180:
1125:
1113:
1087:
991:
375:
1321:
lords are verified to have traced their lineage from what is now China today.
885:
866:
645:
415:
967:
955:
943:
355:
1666:
617:
571:
1290:
1236:
1174:
435:
395:
251:
1692:
1687:
1682:
1677:
1241:
1232:
1015:
742:
732:
1137:
673:
64:
1070:
147:
95:
85:
1170:
106:
1133:
926:
The map showed the area of war divided by each warlord in civil war.
1474:
Nam, Tạp chí Tia Sáng - Diễn đàn của trí thức Việt (30 July 2013).
151:
44:
922:
1030:, usurped the throne and proclaimed himself king under the title
1011:
722:
1592:
According to oral legendaries in Thuận Thành (Bắc Binh
Province)
1444:
Thecla), Adriano (di St; Thecla, Adriano di St (July 29, 2002).
1023:
712:
692:
682:
1738:
Wars of succession involving the states and peoples of Asia
1447:
Small
Treatise on the Sects Among the Chinese and Tonkinese
1155:
held Bình Kiều, now Khoái Châu, (Triệu Sơn - Thanh Hóa)
1097:
Map of division of twelve warlord before the unification
1069:. Lã Xử Bình then took control of the royal capital at
1576:
Association of Arts and
Literature of Phu Tho Province
1359:Đinh Bộ Lĩnh began by defeating Lã Xử Bình in Cổ Loa.
1713:
Civil wars involving the states and peoples of Asia
1557:
The Đinh
Dynasty Settle Chaos And Build The Country
1312:referred himself as Phạm Phòng Át, held Đằng Châu,
974:. This period is also sometimes simply called the
966:, from 965 to 968 caused by the succession of the
1104:
1664:
1443:
962:, was a period of chaos and civil war in the
903:
910:
896:
1544:. Publisher of Traditional Culture. 2008.
1354:
1116:who ruled the region of Bố Hải Khẩu (now
1046:Because of the illegitimate accession of
1038:became the adopted son of Dương Tam Kha.
1416:
1169:(Đỗ Cảnh Công), held Đỗ Động Giang, now
1132:("Great Viet"). He moved the capital to
1092:
921:
1572:"In The Folk Culture Of The Fatherland"
1665:
1554:
1469:
1467:
1417:Corfield, Justin (February 28, 2008).
1146:
1041:
1389:
1014:was called then) after defeating the
1525:Wandering through Vietnamese culture
1500:"Loạn 12 sứ quân và sự thực lịch sử"
632:Provisional Revolutionary Government
243:
1603:"Bảo tàng Lịch sử quốc gia/Tin tức"
1476:"Có phải là loạn mười hai sứ quân?"
1473:
1464:
13:
1569:
1345:the King of Ten Thousand Victories
14:
1749:
1390:Kenny, Henry J. (July 29, 2002).
1289:, held Tây Phù Liệt - Thanh Trì,
1248:, held Siêu Loại - Thuận Thành,
879:
576:(Democratic Republic of Vietnam)
43:
1595:
1586:
1327:
1128:, and he renamed the nation as
1026:to the king's son Crown Prince
1645:The Anarchy of the 12 Warlords
1563:
1548:
1534:
1517:
1492:
1437:
1410:
1383:
1335:Đinh Bộ Lĩnh was respected as
1200:, held Phong Châu – Bạch Hạc,
1105:Đinh Bộ Lĩnh's Unification war
1065:) by his subordinate general,
586:Provisional Central Government
1:
1718:Civil wars of the Middle Ages
1559:. Academy of Social Sciences.
1376:
1276:, held Tế Giang - Văn Giang,
1214:, held Tam Đái - Vĩnh Tường,
990:, who later established the
703:Cát Tiên archaeological site
7:
1555:Nguyễn, Danh Phiệt (1990).
1506:(in Vietnamese). 2013-08-19
1187:, held Bố Hải Khấu, Kỳ Bố,
636:(Republic of South Vietnam)
10:
1754:
1673:Anarchy of the 12 Warlords
997:
932:Anarchy of the 12 Warlords
366:Anarchy of the 12 Warlords
1651:
1642:
1630:
1460:– via Google Books.
1433:– via Google Books.
1406:– via Google Books.
1303:, held Hồi Hồ - Cẩm Khê,
960:Period of the 12 Warlords
952:Thập nhị sứ quân chi loạn
1299:referred himself as the
1285:referred himself as the
1272:referred himself as the
1223:referred himself as the
1183:referred himself as the
1165:referred himself as the
970:after the death of King
299:Trung sisters' rebellion
1703:10th century in Vietnam
793:Principality of Hà Tiên
1733:Wars involving Vietnam
1420:The History of Vietnam
1355:Defeating the warlords
1112:, adopted son of Lord
1098:
1022:, who was to serve as
983:
939:
927:
674:Non-Vietnamese history
426:4th Chinese domination
329:3rd Chinese domination
309:2nd Chinese domination
289:1st Chinese domination
1728:Rebellions in Vietnam
1708:Civil wars in Vietnam
1450:. SEAP Publications.
1227:(Ngô Lãm Công), held
1096:
925:
622:(Republic of Vietnam)
539:1887–1945 / 1945–1954
527:1883–1945 / 1946–1948
517:1883–1945 / 1945–1948
507:1862–1945 / 1945–1949
1258:referred himself as
1244:referred himself as
1210:referred himself as
1196:referred himself as
958:: 十二使君之亂), also the
607:North–South division
456:Later Lê Restoration
162:Phùng Nguyên culture
16:Civil War in Vietnam
1147:List of 12 warlords
1124:, establishing the
1042:Division of Vietnam
832:Historical capitals
753:Nung-Zhuang kingdom
100:12,000 BC–10,000 BC
79:20,000 BC–12,000 BC
1570:Nguyễn, Hữu Nhàn.
1542:Old Capital Hoa Lu
1504:Nghiên cứu lịch sử
1216:Vĩnh Phúc Province
1189:Thái Bình Province
1157:Thanh Hóa Province
1118:Thái Bình Province
1099:
1063:Thái Bình Province
964:history of Vietnam
928:
886:Vietnam portal
503:French Cochinchina
121:10,000 BC–8,000 BC
1661:
1660:
1652:Succeeded by
1314:Hưng Yên Province
1278:Hưng Yên Province
1264:Bắc Ninh Province
1250:Bắc Ninh Province
920:
919:
801:
800:
783:Sip Song Chau Tai
664:
663:
637:
623:
577:
553:
552:
545:Empire of Vietnam
484:
483:
337:
336:
270:
269:
239:Hồng Bàng dynasty
220:
219:
206:(1,000 BC–200 AD)
196:(1,000 BC–100 AD)
176:1,500 BC–1,000 BC
166:2,000 BC–1,500 BC
141:4,000 BC–3,000 BC
131:8,000 BC–6,000 BC
127:Quỳnh Văn culture
1745:
1631:Preceded by
1628:
1627:
1622:
1621:
1619:
1618:
1609:. Archived from
1607:baotanglichsu.vn
1599:
1593:
1590:
1584:
1583:
1578:. Archived from
1567:
1561:
1560:
1552:
1546:
1545:
1538:
1532:
1521:
1515:
1514:
1512:
1511:
1496:
1490:
1489:
1487:
1486:
1471:
1462:
1461:
1441:
1435:
1434:
1414:
1408:
1407:
1387:
1305:Phú Thọ province
1262:, held Tiên Du,
1260:Nguyễn Lệnh Công
1212:Nguyễn Thái Bình
1202:Phú Thọ Province
1032:Dương Bình Vương
984:Mười hai sứ quân
912:
905:
898:
884:
883:
882:
679:
678:
635:
621:
596:State of Vietnam
575:
568:
567:
534:French Indochina
499:
498:
436:Later Lê dynasty
396:Later Lý dynasty
386:Early Lê dynasty
352:
351:
319:Early Lý dynasty
285:
284:
245:
235:
234:
202:Sa Huỳnh culture
192:Dong Son culture
172:Đồng Đậu culture
60:
59:
47:
37:
19:
18:
1753:
1752:
1748:
1747:
1746:
1744:
1743:
1742:
1663:
1662:
1657:
1648:
1640:
1626:
1625:
1616:
1614:
1601:
1600:
1596:
1591:
1587:
1568:
1564:
1553:
1549:
1540:
1539:
1535:
1522:
1518:
1509:
1507:
1498:
1497:
1493:
1484:
1482:
1472:
1465:
1458:
1442:
1438:
1431:
1415:
1411:
1404:
1388:
1384:
1379:
1357:
1337:Vạn Thắng Vương
1330:
1287:Nguyễn Hữu Công
1256:Nguyễn Thủ Tiệp
1149:
1143:
1122:Đinh Tiên Hoàng
1107:
1044:
1006:became King of
1000:
976:Twelve Warlords
948:Sino-Vietnamese
940:Loạn 12 sứ quân
916:
880:
878:
873:
872:
871:
811:
803:
802:
676:
666:
665:
634:
620:
574:
565:
555:
554:
496:
486:
485:
466:Tây Sơn dynasty
349:
339:
338:
282:
272:
271:
232:
222:
221:
117:Bắc Sơn culture
57:
35:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1751:
1741:
1740:
1735:
1730:
1725:
1720:
1715:
1710:
1705:
1700:
1698:960s conflicts
1695:
1690:
1685:
1680:
1675:
1659:
1658:
1653:
1650:
1641:
1634:Ngô Xương Ngập
1632:
1624:
1623:
1594:
1585:
1582:on 2014-03-09.
1562:
1547:
1533:
1516:
1491:
1480:tiasang.com.vn
1463:
1456:
1436:
1429:
1409:
1402:
1381:
1380:
1378:
1375:
1356:
1353:
1329:
1326:
1318:
1317:
1307:
1301:Kiều Lệnh Công
1294:
1280:
1267:
1253:
1239:
1221:Ngô Nhật Khánh
1218:
1205:
1191:
1185:Duke Trần Minh
1178:
1160:
1148:
1145:
1106:
1103:
1043:
1040:
1028:Ngô Xương Ngập
999:
996:
918:
917:
915:
914:
907:
900:
892:
889:
888:
875:
874:
870:
869:
867:Indochina Wars
864:
859:
854:
849:
844:
839:
834:
829:
824:
819:
813:
812:
809:
808:
805:
804:
799:
798:
795:
789:
788:
785:
779:
778:
775:
773:Jarai kingdoms
769:
768:
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759:
758:
755:
749:
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735:
729:
728:
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651:
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646:Subsidy period
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641:
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519:
518:
515:
509:
508:
505:
497:
492:
491:
488:
487:
482:
481:
478:
476:Nguyễn dynasty
472:
471:
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462:
461:
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452:
451:
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431:
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197:
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188:
187:
184:
182:Gò Mun culture
178:
177:
174:
168:
167:
164:
158:
157:
155:
143:
142:
139:
137:Đa Bút culture
133:
132:
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122:
119:
113:
112:
110:
102:
101:
98:
92:
91:
89:
81:
80:
77:
75:Sơn Vi culture
71:
70:
68:
58:
53:
52:
49:
48:
40:
39:
30:
29:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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1704:
1701:
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1684:
1681:
1679:
1676:
1674:
1671:
1670:
1668:
1656:
1647:
1644:
1639:
1638:Ngô Xương Văn
1635:
1629:
1613:on 2017-11-10
1612:
1608:
1604:
1598:
1589:
1581:
1577:
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1543:
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1530:
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1520:
1505:
1501:
1495:
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1477:
1470:
1468:
1459:
1457:9780877277323
1453:
1449:
1448:
1440:
1432:
1430:9780313341946
1426:
1422:
1421:
1413:
1405:
1403:9781574884784
1399:
1396:. Brassey's.
1395:
1394:
1386:
1382:
1374:
1371:
1367:
1363:
1360:
1352:
1350:
1346:
1342:
1341:Wànshèng Wáng
1338:
1333:
1325:
1322:
1315:
1311:
1308:
1306:
1302:
1298:
1295:
1292:
1288:
1284:
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1275:
1271:
1268:
1265:
1261:
1257:
1254:
1251:
1247:
1243:
1240:
1238:
1234:
1230:
1226:
1222:
1219:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1206:
1203:
1199:
1195:
1194:Kiều Công Hãn
1192:
1190:
1186:
1182:
1179:
1176:
1172:
1168:
1164:
1161:
1158:
1154:
1151:
1150:
1144:
1141:
1139:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1102:
1095:
1091:
1089:
1085:
1080:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1055:
1053:
1052:Tĩnh Hải Quân
1049:
1048:Dương Tam Kha
1039:
1037:
1036:Ngô Xương Văn
1033:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1020:Dương Tam Kha
1017:
1013:
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1008:Tĩnh Hải quân
1005:
995:
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989:
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618:South Vietnam
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584:
583:
579:
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572:North Vietnam
570:
569:
564:
559:
558:
548:
546:
543:
542:
538:
536:
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531:
530:
526:
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523:French Tonkin
521:
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281:
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275:
266:204 BC–111 BC
265:
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262:Triệu dynasty
260:
259:
256:257 BC–179 BC
255:
253:
250:
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242:
240:
237:
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226:
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212:Óc Eo culture
210:
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26:
21:
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1655:Đinh Bộ Lĩnh
1646:
1643:
1615:. Retrieved
1611:the original
1606:
1597:
1588:
1580:the original
1575:
1565:
1556:
1550:
1541:
1536:
1529:Đinh Dynasty
1524:
1519:
1508:. Retrieved
1503:
1494:
1483:. Retrieved
1479:
1446:
1439:
1423:. ABC-CLIO.
1419:
1412:
1392:
1385:
1372:
1368:
1364:
1361:
1358:
1349:Đinh dynasty
1344:
1340:
1336:
1334:
1331:
1328:Đinh Bộ Lĩnh
1323:
1319:
1310:Phạm Bạch Hổ
1300:
1286:
1273:
1259:
1246:Lý Lãng Công
1245:
1225:Duke Ngô Lãm
1224:
1211:
1208:Nguyễn Khoan
1198:Kiều Tam Chế
1197:
1184:
1167:Duke Đỗ Cảnh
1166:
1163:Đỗ Cảnh Thạc
1153:Ngô Xương Xí
1142:
1136:(modern-day
1126:Đinh dynasty
1110:Đinh Bộ Lĩnh
1108:
1100:
1084:Ngô Xương Xí
1075:Ngô Xưong Xí
1056:
1045:
1016:Southern Han
1001:
992:Đinh dynasty
988:Đinh Bộ Lĩnh
975:
959:
951:
931:
929:
743:Dali Kingdom
733:Khmer Empire
660:1986–present
605:
532:
513:French Annam
406:Trần dynasty
376:Đinh dynasty
365:
293:111 BC–40 AD
252:Thục dynasty
186:1,000–800 BC
146:
105:
84:
63:
1723:Ngô dynasty
1283:Nguyễn Siêu
1130:Đại Cồ Việt
1059:Bố Hải Khẩu
968:Ngô dynasty
946:: 亂𨑮𠄩使君;
837:Immigration
817:Agriculture
446:Mạc dynasty
356:Ngô dynasty
65:Paleolithic
55:Prehistoric
34:History of
1667:Categories
1649:965 - 968
1617:2017-11-10
1510:2017-11-10
1485:2017-11-10
1377:References
1297:Kiều Thuận
1274:Duke Lã Tá
1067:Lã Xử Bình
980:Vietnamese
936:Vietnamese
416:Hồ dynasty
216:(1–630 AD)
96:Hoabinhian
86:Mesolithic
1523:Hữu Ngọc
1293:(Chinese)
1266:(Chinese)
1229:Đường Lâm
1204:(Chinese)
1177:(Chinese)
1171:Thanh Oai
1138:Ninh Bình
1079:Bình Kiều
1073:. Prince
1004:Ngô Quyền
972:Ngô Quyền
822:Dynasties
797:1707–1832
787:1600–1954
777:1100–1904
767:1061–1432
763:Ngưu Hống
757:1042–1052
650:1975–1986
640:1969–1976
626:1955–1975
612:1954–1976
600:1949–1955
590:1948–1949
580:1945–1976
480:1802–1945
470:1778–1802
460:1533–1789
450:1527–1592
440:1428–1527
430:1407–1427
420:1400–1407
410:1225–1400
400:1009–1225
280:Dominated
152:Iron Ages
107:Neolithic
1270:Lã Đường
1181:Trần Lãm
1114:Trần Lãm
1088:Trần Lãm
1002:In 939,
847:Monarchs
842:Military
810:By topic
747:937–1253
737:802–1431
697:192–1832
563:Republic
494:Colonial
390:980–1009
347:Dynastic
25:a series
23:Part of
1242:Lý Khuê
1233:Sơn Tây
1012:Vietnam
998:History
956:chữ Hán
944:chữ Nôm
827:Economy
727:738–902
723:Nanzhao
717:550–781
707:300–800
656:Đổi Mới
380:968–980
370:965–968
360:939–965
333:602–938
323:544–602
246:–258 BC
244:2879 BC
230:Ancient
36:Vietnam
1454:
1427:
1400:
1366:died.
1343:, lt.
1339:(萬勝王,
1291:Hà Nội
1237:Hà Nội
1175:Hà Nội
1134:Hoa Lư
1071:Cổ Loa
1024:regent
713:Chenla
693:Champa
687:68–627
313:43–544
148:Bronze
27:on the
1061:(now
862:Women
857:Naval
852:Names
683:Funan
303:40–43
1452:ISBN
1425:ISBN
1398:ISBN
1010:(as
930:The
549:1945
150:and
1693:968
1688:967
1683:966
1678:965
1140:).
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1636:-
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1531:."
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1478:.
1466:^
1351:.
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954:,
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942:,
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1513:.
1488:.
1316:.
1252:.
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