275:
where it matures. The larva later matures into an adult in the small intestine (jejunum mainly), where they attach to the villi and female worms can lay 25,000 eggs per day. The eggs are released into the feces and reside on soil; when deposited on warm, moist soil, a larva rapidly develops in the egg and hatches after one to two days. This rhabditiform larva moults twice in the soil and becomes a skin-penetrating third-stage infective larva within 5 to 10 days. These infective filariform larvae are able to sense vibrations in the soil, heat, or carbon dioxide, and employ dendritic processes similar to cilia. They use these processes as thermosensory, chemosensory, and mechanosensory receptors to migrate towards a host for infection. The filariform larvae (L3 stage) can then penetrate the exposed skin of another organism and begin a new cycle of infection.
375:
387:
399:
58:
411:
40:
274:
After a filariform "infective" larva penetrates the intact skin – most commonly through the feet – the larva enters the blood circulation. It is then carried to the lungs, breaks into alveoli, ascends the bronchi and trachea, and is coughed up and swallowed back into the small intestine,
358:
cannot be distinguished. Larvae cannot be found in stool specimens unless they are left at ambient temperature for a day or more. Education, improved sanitation, and controlled disposal of human feces are important. Wearing shoes in endemic areas can reduce the prevalence of infection, as well.
261:
is small, cylindrical worm, greyish-white in color. It has two ventral plates on the anterior margin of the buccal capsule. Each of them has two large teeth that are fused at their bases. A pair of small teeth can be found in the depths of the buccal capsule. Males are 8–11 mm long with a
290:
is prevalent in
Southern Europe, North Africa, India, China, Southeast Asia, small areas of United States, the Caribbean islands, and South America. This hookworm is well known in mines because of the consistency in temperature and humidity that provides an ideal habitat for egg and juvenile
262:
copulatory bursa at the posterior end. Females are 10–13 mm long, with the vulva located at the posterior end; females can lay 10,000 to 30,000 eggs per day. The average lifespan of a female
250:
is abundant throughout the world, including
Southern Europe, North Africa, India, China, Southeast Asia, some areas in the United States, the Caribbean, and South America.
266:
is one year. There are four larval stages, and the filariform larvae (L3) are sheathed because they retain the cuticle of the prior developmental stage after molting.
363:
can be treated with albendazole, mebendazole, and benzimidazoles. Pyrantel pamoate is an alternative. In severe cases of anemia, blood transfusion may be necessary.
374:
674:
335:
might result in mental dullness and heart failure. In pregnant women, this parasite is able to infect the fetus and can cause complications such as
1121:
2088:
2101:
295:
is by contact of skin with soil contaminated with larvae. The way it enters the human body was understood in the 1880s, after an epidemic of
479:
398:
2062:
444:
828:
2147:
556:
2167:
327:. Heavy infection causes severe protein deficiency or iron-deficiency anemia. Protein deficiency may lead to dry skin,
2023:
785:
766:
682:
2041:
2106:
2054:
1952:
386:
1287:
410:
2142:
1984:
1961:
1624:
1273:
1180:
821:
1989:
57:
2157:
2152:
2162:
1878:
1801:
1772:
1884:
965:
909:
1821:
1602:
1591:
1175:
1115:
1101:
924:
903:
2093:
1914:
1719:
1500:
1353:
1043:
1038:
1029:
1005:
814:
332:
1966:
1129:
1010:
891:
505:
152:
2119:
806:
1997:
1852:
1679:
1505:
1479:
1461:
1231:
716:
291:
development. An estimated one billion people are infected with hookworms. Transmission of
8:
1891:
1866:
1793:
1446:
1395:
970:
951:
897:
886:
340:
720:
1752:
1738:
1658:
1630:
1610:
1580:
1440:
1415:
1315:
1265:
1156:
1087:
990:
651:
622:
598:
573:
548:
320:
239:
230:
178:
52:
728:
467:
2114:
985:
930:
837:
781:
762:
732:
656:
603:
552:
574:"On the epidemic caused by Ankylostomum among the eorkmen in the St. Gothard Tunnel"
1785:
1778:
1644:
1258:
1226:
724:
646:
638:
593:
585:
544:
344:
336:
119:
1652:
1598:
1512:
1250:
1200:
1195:
1093:
1078:
1017:
916:
801:
304:
296:
221:
20:
279:
can also be transmitted orally, mediated by ingestion of the filariform larvae.
2049:
2036:
1937:
1744:
1707:
1638:
1453:
1432:
1401:
1359:
1238:
1187:
1166:
1135:
1107:
1050:
977:
539:
Bogitsh BJ, Carter CE, Oeltmann TN (2013). "Chapter 16: Intestinal
Nematodes".
642:
2136:
2028:
1731:
1712:
1472:
1467:
1218:
1206:
957:
841:
224:
of hosts such as humans, cats and dogs, where it is able to mate and mature.
169:
1871:
1827:
1723:
1616:
1491:
1062:
607:
589:
736:
660:
2075:
1976:
1946:
1858:
1843:
1699:
1566:
1547:
1538:
1526:
1380:
1344:
1326:
1293:
1279:
1071:
997:
942:
877:
675:"Soil-Transmitted Helminths | USAID's Neglected Tropical Disease Program"
504:
Fetouh, Nagla (2003). Mulcrone, Renee
Sherman; Friedrich, Teresa (eds.).
308:
212:
129:
99:
2067:
1763:
1685:
1670:
1426:
1385:
380:
Buccal capsule of adult showing four teeth (arrows) on its ventral wall
109:
2080:
435:
2010:
1371:
1214:
867:
862:
243:
69:
1908:
744:
220:
worm and commonly known as the Old World hookworm. It lives in the
2015:
1931:
1812:
1693:
1571:
1520:
1335:
849:
324:
235:
217:
89:
39:
1409:
1151:
204:
2002:
707:
Hotez, P.J.; Pritchard, D.I. (June 1995). "Hookworm infection".
79:
836:
328:
300:
238:
species that are normally discussed together as the cause of
208:
331:, and abdominal distension from edema (potbelly), while
459:
19:
This article is about the worm. For the infection, see
756:
757:
Murray, P.R.; Rosenthal, K.S.; Pfaller, M.A. (2009).
538:
476:Nemaplex: Nematode-Plant Expert Information System
620:
499:
497:
404:Schematic of thin-shelled egg at eight-cell stage
2134:
543:(Fourth ed.). Elsevier. pp. 291–327.
775:
706:
494:
822:
780:(8th ed.). McGraw-Hill. pp. 472–3.
534:
532:
530:
323:causes abdominal pain, loss of appetite, and
1325:
829:
815:
802:Ancylostoma duodenale image library at DPD
527:
38:
16:Species of the roundworm genus Ancylostoma
650:
597:
445:Global Biodiversity Information Facility
621:Peduzzi, R.; Piffaretti, J.-C. (1983).
571:
2135:
614:
503:
465:
1913:
1912:
810:
776:Schmidt, G.D.; Roberts, L.S. (2009).
743:
2055:8536cff7-0c1a-4a44-9dab-feb11c3187c1
478:. University of California, Davis.
13:
700:
549:10.1016/B978-0-12-415915-0.00016-9
253:
14:
2179:
795:
729:10.1038/scientificamerican0695-68
482:from the original on 1 March 2009
761:(6th ed.). Elsevier/Mosby.
409:
397:
385:
373:
56:
282:
667:
627:and the Saint Gothard anaemia"
565:
466:Ferris, Howard (23 May 2005).
428:
1:
2148:Parasitic nematodes of humans
440:(Dubini, 1843) Creplin, 1845"
421:
303:working in the hot and humid
1288:Diphyllobothrium mansonoides
314:
269:
7:
2168:Nematodes described in 1843
1625:Angiostrongylus cantonensis
1274:Spirometra erinaceieuropaei
778:Foundations of parasitology
10:
2184:
416:Infective filariform larva
366:
18:
1921:
1879:Capillaria philippinensis
1842:
1811:
1802:Halicephalobus gingivalis
1773:Strongyloides stercoralis
1762:
1669:
1565:
1537:
1490:
1379:
1370:
1343:
1334:
1312:
1249:
1165:
1150:
1061:
1028:
941:
876:
861:
848:
679:www.neglecteddiseases.gov
643:10.1136/bmj.287.6409.1942
184:
177:
158:
151:
53:Scientific classification
51:
47:Photomicrograph of larva
46:
37:
30:
1885:Intestinal capillariasis
966:Dicrocoelium dendriticum
1872:Trichuriasis / Whipworm
1822:Enterobius vermicularis
1603:Cutaneous larva migrans
1176:Echinococcus granulosus
1116:Heterophyes heterophyes
1102:Gastrodiscoides hominis
925:Trichobilharzia regenti
631:British Medical Journal
578:British Medical Journal
392:Diagram of adult's head
1720:Visceral larva migrans
1501:Gnathostoma spinigerum
1354:Dracunculus medinensis
1260:Diphyllobothrium latum
1039:Paragonimus westermani
1006:Opisthorchis viverrini
590:10.1136/bmj.1.1054.382
333:iron-deficiency anemia
187:Agchylostoma duodenale
1967:Ancylostoma_duodenale
1953:Ancylostoma duodenale
1923:Ancylostoma duodenale
1587:Ancylostoma duodenale
1130:Metagonimus yokogawai
625:Ancylostoma duodenale
508:Ancylostoma duodenale
470:Ancylostoma duodenale
438:Ancylostoma duodenale
248:Ancylostoma duodenale
226:Ancylostoma duodenale
216:. It is a parasitic
200:Ancylostoma duodenale
162:Ancylostoma duodenale
32:Ancylostoma duodenale
2050:Fauna Europaea (new)
1853:Trichinella spiralis
1680:Ascaris lumbricoides
1480:Lymphatic filariasis
1462:Wuchereria bancrofti
759:Medical Microbiology
572:Bugnion, E. (1881).
514:Animal Diversity Web
1867:Trichuris trichiura
1794:Trichostrongyliasis
1396:Onchocerca volvulus
952:Clonorchis sinensis
887:Schistosoma mansoni
868:Trematode infection
721:1995SciAm.272f..68H
2143:Parasitic diseases
1753:Parascaris equorum
1739:Dioctophyme renale
1659:Oesophagostomiasis
1631:Angiostrongyliasis
1611:Necator americanus
1581:Hookworm infection
1441:Dirofilaria repens
1266:Diphyllobothriasis
1157:Tapeworm infection
1088:Fasciolopsis buski
541:Human Parasitology
356:Necator americanus
321:hookworm infection
240:hookworm infection
234:are the two human
231:Necator americanus
2158:Parasites of dogs
2153:Parasites of cats
2130:
2129:
2115:Open Tree of Life
1915:Taxon identifiers
1906:
1905:
1902:
1901:
1838:
1837:
1561:
1560:
1557:
1556:
1308:
1307:
1304:
1303:
1182:E. multilocularis
1146:
1145:
986:Fasciola hepatica
838:Parasitic disease
558:978-0-12-415915-0
207:of the roundworm
196:
195:
191:
144:A. duodenale
2175:
2163:Ancylostomatidae
2123:
2122:
2110:
2109:
2097:
2096:
2084:
2083:
2071:
2070:
2058:
2057:
2045:
2044:
2032:
2031:
2019:
2018:
2006:
2005:
1993:
1992:
1980:
1979:
1970:
1969:
1957:
1956:
1955:
1942:
1941:
1940:
1910:
1909:
1787:Trichostrongylus
1779:Strongyloidiasis
1645:Metastrongylosis
1377:
1376:
1341:
1340:
1332:
1331:
1323:
1322:
1227:Hymenolepis nana
1163:
1162:
1063:Intestinal fluke
874:
873:
859:
858:
831:
824:
817:
808:
807:
791:
772:
753:
740:
694:
693:
691:
690:
681:. Archived from
671:
665:
664:
654:
637:(6409): 1942–5.
618:
612:
611:
601:
569:
563:
562:
536:
525:
524:
522:
520:
501:
492:
491:
489:
487:
463:
457:
456:
454:
452:
432:
413:
401:
389:
377:
345:infant mortality
337:low birth weight
189:
164:
120:Ancylostomatidae
61:
60:
42:
28:
27:
2183:
2182:
2178:
2177:
2176:
2174:
2173:
2172:
2133:
2132:
2131:
2126:
2118:
2113:
2105:
2100:
2092:
2087:
2079:
2074:
2066:
2061:
2053:
2048:
2040:
2035:
2027:
2022:
2014:
2009:
2001:
1996:
1988:
1983:
1975:
1973:
1965:
1960:
1951:
1950:
1945:
1936:
1935:
1930:
1917:
1907:
1898:
1834:
1807:
1758:
1665:
1653:Oesophagostomum
1599:Ancylostomiasis
1569:
1553:
1533:
1513:Gnathostomiasis
1486:
1383:
1366:
1317:
1314:
1300:
1251:Pseudophyllidea
1245:
1196:Taenia saginata
1154:
1142:
1094:Fasciolopsiasis
1079:Echinostomiasis
1057:
1024:
1018:Opisthorchiasis
937:
917:Schistosomiasis
911:S. intercalatum
865:
863:Fluke/trematode
854:
851:
844:
835:
798:
788:
769:
752:: 441–9, 483–8.
703:
701:Further reading
698:
697:
688:
686:
673:
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619:
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429:
424:
417:
414:
405:
402:
393:
390:
381:
378:
369:
341:maternal anemia
317:
305:Gotthard Tunnel
297:ancylostomiasis
285:
272:
256:
254:Characteristics
222:small intestine
173:
166:
160:
147:
55:
24:
21:Ancylostomiasis
17:
12:
11:
5:
2181:
2171:
2170:
2165:
2160:
2155:
2150:
2145:
2128:
2127:
2125:
2124:
2111:
2098:
2085:
2072:
2059:
2046:
2037:Fauna Europaea
2033:
2020:
2007:
1994:
1981:
1971:
1958:
1943:
1927:
1925:
1919:
1918:
1904:
1903:
1900:
1899:
1897:
1896:
1889:
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1875:
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1840:
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1805:
1798:
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1796:
1783:
1782:
1781:
1768:
1766:
1760:
1759:
1757:
1756:
1749:
1748:
1747:
1745:Dioctophymosis
1735:
1728:
1727:
1726:
1708:Toxocara canis
1704:
1703:
1702:
1690:
1689:
1688:
1675:
1673:
1667:
1666:
1664:
1663:
1662:
1661:
1649:
1648:
1647:
1639:Metastrongylus
1635:
1634:
1633:
1621:
1620:
1619:
1607:
1606:
1605:
1593:A. braziliense
1583:
1577:
1575:
1563:
1562:
1559:
1558:
1555:
1554:
1552:
1551:
1543:
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1535:
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1529:
1517:
1516:
1515:
1496:
1494:
1488:
1487:
1485:
1484:
1483:
1482:
1458:
1457:
1456:
1454:Dirofilariasis
1444:
1437:
1436:
1435:
1433:Mansonelliasis
1423:
1422:
1421:
1406:
1405:
1404:
1402:Onchocerciasis
1391:
1389:
1374:
1368:
1367:
1365:
1364:
1363:
1362:
1360:Dracunculiasis
1349:
1347:
1338:
1329:
1320:
1310:
1309:
1306:
1305:
1302:
1301:
1299:
1298:
1297:
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1284:
1283:
1282:
1270:
1269:
1268:
1255:
1253:
1247:
1246:
1244:
1243:
1242:
1241:
1239:Hymenolepiasis
1223:
1222:
1221:
1192:
1191:
1190:
1188:Echinococcosis
1171:
1169:
1167:Cyclophyllidea
1160:
1148:
1147:
1144:
1143:
1141:
1140:
1139:
1138:
1136:Metagonimiasis
1126:
1125:
1124:
1122:Heterophyiasis
1112:
1111:
1110:
1108:Amphistomiasis
1098:
1097:
1096:
1084:
1083:
1082:
1067:
1065:
1059:
1058:
1056:
1055:
1054:
1053:
1051:Paragonimiasis
1034:
1032:
1026:
1025:
1023:
1022:
1021:
1020:
1002:
1001:
1000:
982:
981:
980:
978:Dicrocoeliasis
962:
961:
960:
947:
945:
939:
938:
936:
935:
934:
933:
931:Swimmer's itch
921:
920:
919:
905:S. haematobium
882:
880:
871:
856:
846:
845:
834:
833:
826:
819:
811:
805:
804:
797:
796:External links
794:
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787:978-0071311038
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768:978-0323076791
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1732:Baylisascaris
1729:
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1589:
1588:
1584:
1582:
1579:
1578:
1576:
1573:
1568:
1564:
1550:
1549:
1545:
1544:
1542:
1540:
1536:
1528:
1525:
1524:
1523:
1522:
1518:
1514:
1511:
1510:
1509:
1508:
1503:
1502:
1498:
1497:
1495:
1493:
1489:
1481:
1478:
1477:
1476:
1475:
1470:
1469:
1468:Brugia malayi
1464:
1463:
1459:
1455:
1452:
1451:
1450:
1449:
1445:
1443:
1442:
1438:
1434:
1431:
1430:
1429:
1428:
1424:
1420:
1418:
1414:
1413:
1412:
1411:
1407:
1403:
1400:
1399:
1398:
1397:
1393:
1392:
1390:
1387:
1382:
1378:
1375:
1373:
1369:
1361:
1358:
1357:
1356:
1355:
1351:
1350:
1348:
1346:
1342:
1339:
1337:
1333:
1330:
1328:
1324:
1321:
1319:
1311:
1295:
1292:
1291:
1290:
1289:
1285:
1281:
1278:
1277:
1276:
1275:
1271:
1267:
1264:
1263:
1262:
1261:
1257:
1256:
1254:
1252:
1248:
1240:
1237:
1236:
1235:
1234:
1229:
1228:
1224:
1220:
1219:Cysticercosis
1216:
1213:
1212:
1211:
1209:
1204:
1203:
1198:
1197:
1193:
1189:
1186:
1185:
1184:
1183:
1178:
1177:
1173:
1172:
1170:
1168:
1164:
1161:
1158:
1153:
1149:
1137:
1134:
1133:
1132:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1120:
1119:
1118:
1117:
1113:
1109:
1106:
1105:
1104:
1103:
1099:
1095:
1092:
1091:
1090:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1080:
1076:
1075:
1074:
1073:
1069:
1068:
1066:
1064:
1060:
1052:
1049:
1048:
1047:
1046:
1045:P. kellicotti
1041:
1040:
1036:
1035:
1033:
1031:
1027:
1019:
1016:
1015:
1014:
1013:
1008:
1007:
1003:
999:
996:
995:
994:
993:
988:
987:
983:
979:
976:
975:
974:
973:
968:
967:
963:
959:
958:Clonorchiasis
956:
955:
954:
953:
949:
948:
946:
944:
940:
932:
929:
928:
927:
926:
922:
918:
915:
914:
913:
912:
907:
906:
901:
900:
895:
894:
889:
888:
884:
883:
881:
879:
875:
872:
869:
864:
860:
857:
853:
852:platyhelminth
847:
843:
842:helminthiases
839:
832:
827:
825:
820:
818:
813:
812:
809:
803:
800:
799:
789:
783:
779:
774:
770:
764:
760:
755:
751:
747:
742:
738:
734:
730:
726:
722:
718:
714:
710:
705:
704:
685:on 2017-04-26
684:
680:
676:
670:
662:
658:
653:
648:
644:
640:
636:
632:
628:
626:
617:
609:
605:
600:
595:
591:
587:
584:(1054): 382.
583:
579:
575:
568:
560:
554:
550:
546:
542:
535:
533:
531:
515:
511:
509:
500:
498:
481:
477:
473:
471:
462:
447:
446:
441:
439:
431:
427:
412:
407:
400:
395:
388:
383:
376:
371:
370:
364:
362:
357:
353:
348:
346:
342:
338:
334:
330:
326:
322:
312:
310:
306:
302:
298:
294:
289:
280:
278:
267:
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260:
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241:
237:
233:
232:
227:
223:
219:
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214:
210:
206:
202:
201:
192:
188:
183:
180:
176:
171:
165:
163:
157:
154:
153:Binomial name
150:
146:
145:
140:
137:
136:
133:
132:
128:
125:
124:
121:
118:
115:
114:
111:
108:
105:
104:
101:
98:
95:
94:
91:
88:
85:
84:
81:
78:
75:
74:
71:
68:
65:
64:
59:
54:
50:
45:
41:
36:
33:
29:
26:
22:
1922:
1892:
1877:
1865:
1851:
1828:Enterobiasis
1820:
1800:
1786:
1771:
1751:
1737:
1730:
1724:Toxocariasis
1713:
1706:
1692:
1678:
1651:
1637:
1623:
1617:Necatoriasis
1609:
1592:
1586:
1585:
1546:
1519:
1506:
1499:
1492:Thelazioidea
1473:
1466:
1460:
1447:
1439:
1425:
1416:
1408:
1394:
1352:
1286:
1272:
1259:
1232:
1225:
1207:
1201:
1194:
1181:
1174:
1128:
1114:
1100:
1086:
1077:
1070:
1044:
1037:
1011:
1004:
992:F. gigantica
991:
984:
971:
964:
950:
923:
910:
904:
898:
893:S. japonicum
892:
885:
777:
758:
749:
745:
715:(6): 68–74.
712:
708:
687:. Retrieved
683:the original
678:
669:
634:
630:
624:
616:
581:
577:
567:
540:
517:. Retrieved
513:
507:
484:. Retrieved
475:
469:
461:
449:. Retrieved
443:
437:
430:
361:A. duodenale
360:
355:
352:A. duodenale
351:
350:The eggs of
349:
318:
293:A. duodenale
292:
288:A. duodenale
287:
286:
283:Epidemiology
277:A. duodenale
276:
273:
264:A. duodenale
263:
259:A. duodenale
258:
257:
247:
229:
225:
211:
199:
198:
197:
190:Dubini, 1843
186:
185:
161:
159:
143:
142:
130:
31:
25:
2076:iNaturalist
1947:Wikispecies
1893:C. hepatica
1859:Trichinosis
1844:Adenophorea
1700:Anisakiasis
1567:Strongylida
1548:Gongylonema
1539:Spiruroidea
1527:Thelaziasis
1507:G. hispidum
1381:Filarioidea
1345:Camallanida
1327:Secernentea
1294:Sparganosis
1280:Sparganosis
1233:H. diminuta
1202:T. asiatica
1072:Echinostoma
1012:O. felineus
998:Fasciolosis
943:Liver fluke
878:Blood fluke
519:9 September
451:9 September
309:Switzerland
242:. They are
213:Ancylostoma
131:Ancylostoma
100:Chromadorea
2137:Categories
1764:Rhabditida
1686:Ascariasis
1671:Ascaridida
1448:D. immitis
1427:Mansonella
1419:filariasis
1386:Filariasis
1313:Roundworm/
1030:Lung fluke
899:S. mekongi
840:caused by
689:2017-04-26
486:22 January
422:References
110:Rhabditida
1474:B. timori
1372:Spirurida
1318:infection
1215:Taeniasis
1208:T. solium
972:D. hospes
855:infection
850:Flatworm/
746:CBT. Bakt
315:Infection
270:Lifecycle
244:dioecious
138:Species:
76:Kingdom:
70:Eukaryota
2094:11555299
1974:BioLib:
1938:Q2520810
1932:Wikidata
1813:Oxyurida
1694:Anisakis
1572:hookworm
1521:Thelazia
1336:Spiruria
1316:Nematode
608:20749811
480:Archived
325:geophagy
319:A light
236:hookworm
218:nematode
179:Synonyms
116:Family:
90:Nematoda
86:Phylum:
80:Animalia
66:Domain:
2068:4558924
2003:2921231
1714:T. cati
1417:Loa loa
1410:Loa loa
1152:Cestoda
737:7761817
717:Bibcode
709:Sci. Am
661:6418279
652:1550193
599:2263460
367:Gallery
205:species
172:, 1843)
126:Genus:
106:Order:
96:Class:
2120:332059
2081:417519
2042:391353
2029:250604
2016:ANCTDU
1210:(pork)
784:
765:
735:
659:
649:
606:
596:
555:
343:, and
301:miners
299:among
170:Dubini
2107:51022
2089:IRMNG
2024:EUNIS
1990:28707
1977:88456
329:edema
209:genus
203:is a
2102:NCBI
2063:GBIF
2011:EPPO
1985:BOLD
1789:spp.
782:ISBN
763:ISBN
733:PMID
657:PMID
604:PMID
553:ISBN
521:2024
488:2009
453:2024
354:and
228:and
1998:EoL
1962:AFD
725:doi
713:272
647:PMC
639:doi
635:287
594:PMC
586:doi
545:doi
311:).
2139::
2117::
2104::
2091::
2078::
2065::
2052::
2039::
2026::
2013::
2000::
1987::
1964::
1949::
1934::
1722:/
1711:/
1601:/
1590:/
1504:/
1471:/
1465:/
1230:/
1217:/
1205:/
1199:/
1179:/
1042:/
1009:/
989:/
969:/
908:/
902:/
896:/
890:/
750:24
748:.
731:.
723:.
711:.
677:.
655:.
645:.
633:.
629:.
602:.
592:.
580:.
576:.
551:.
529:^
512:.
496:^
474:.
442:.
347:.
339:,
246:.
1874:)
1870:(
1574:)
1570:(
1388:)
1384:(
1159:)
1155:(
870:)
866:(
830:e
823:t
816:v
790:.
771:.
739:.
727::
719::
692:.
663:.
641::
623:"
610:.
588::
582:1
561:.
547::
523:.
510:"
506:"
490:.
472:"
468:"
455:.
436:"
307:(
168:(
23:.
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