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474:, reported to his court that "it is not too much to say that he is tsar of all Russia" Ostermann's foreign policy was based upon the Austrian alliance. He had, therefore, guaranteed the Pragmatic Sanction with the deliberate intention of defending it. Hence the determination of France to remove him at any cost. Russia, as the natural ally of
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All the useful reforms introduced between 1730 and 1740 are to be attributed to his initiative. He improved the state of trade, lowered taxation, encouraged industry and promoted education, ameliorated the judicature and materially raised the credit of Russia. As foreign minister he was cautious and
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It now became evident to La
Chetardie that only a revolution would overthrow Osterman, and this he proposed to promote by elevating to the throne the tsesarevna Elizabeth, who hated the vice-chancellor because, though he owed everything to her father, he had systematically neglected her. Ostermann
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was by implicating Russia in hostilities with her ancient rival, Sweden, and this was brought about, by French influence and French money, when in August 1741 the
Swedish government, on the most frivolous pretexts, declared war against Russia. The dispositions previously made by Ostermann enabled
446:. Then he got his reward. His unique knowledge of foreign affairs made him indispensable to the empress and her counsellors, and even as to home affairs his advice was almost invariably followed. It was at his suggestion that the cabinet system was introduced into Russia.
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was therefore the first and the most illustrious victim of the coup d'état of 6 December 1741. Accused, among other things, of contributing to the elevation of the empress Anne by his cabals and of suppressing a supposed will of
Catherine I made in favour of her daughter
426:(1725–1727) Osterman's authority still further increased. The conduct of foreign affairs was left entirely in his hands, and he held also the posts of minister of commerce and postmaster-general. On the accession of
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with Sweden, and was created a baron for his services. In 1723, he was made vice-president of the ministry of foreign affairs for bringing about a very advantageous commercial treaty with
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A. N. Filippov, "Documents relating to the
Cabinet Ministers of the Empress Anne" (Rus.) (St Petersburg, 1898) in the collections of the Russ. Hist. Soc. vol. 104
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circumspect, but when war was necessary he prosecuted it vigorously and left nothing to chance. The successful conclusions of the
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and then beheaded; but, reprieved on the scaffold, his sentence was commuted to lifelong banishment, with his whole family, to
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Ostermann was appointed governor to the young emperor, and on his death (1730) he refused to participate in the attempt of
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415:. Peter also constantly consulted him in domestic affairs, and he introduced many administrative novelties, e.g. "the
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375:'s service. The young man's knowledge of the principal European languages made him the right hand of Vice-Chancellor
296:; 9 June 1686 – 31 May 1747) was a German-born Russian statesman who came to prominence under Tsar
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and absolute ruin. The most obvious method of rendering the
Russian alliance unserviceable to the queen of
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470:(October 1740-December 1741) Ostermann stood at the height of his power, and the French ambassador,
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482:; indeed it was only the accident of the Russian alliance which, in 1741, seemed to stand between
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682:, 1740–1742 (St Petersburg, 1893–1894) in the collections of the Russ. Hist. Soc. vols. 85 and 91
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him, however, to counter the blow, and all danger from Sweden was over when, early in
September,
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pastor, his original name was
Heinrich Johann Friedrich Ostermann. He studied languages at the
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One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the
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routed the
Swedish general von Wrangel under the walls of the frontier-fortress of
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551:(1781–97). After his death the Ostermann titles and estates passed to his nephew,
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576:. Vol. 26. Gulf Breeze, FL: Academic International Press. p. 145.
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399:, he advised Peter to put additional pressure on Sweden to force a peace.
383:(1711). Ostermann, together with General Bruce, represented Russia at the
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646:. Vol. 20 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 357.
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to pick up promising young men, and soon thereafter entered the
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Ostermann's children returned to the court during the reign of
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in 1741. He based his foreign policy on the
Austrian alliance.
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527:. His elder son, count Feodor Andreevich (1723–1804), was the
16:
Russian statesman, vice-chancellor of
Russian Empire (d. 1747)
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Count A. I. Ostermann and the proposed Partition of Turkey
663:
From the Lives of Russian Statesmen of the XVIIIth Century
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The Modern Encyclopedia of Russian and Soviet History
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in Siberia, where he died six years later, in 1747.
1169:18th-century politicians from the Russian Empire
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458:(1735–1739) were entirely due to his diplomacy.
387:peace congress of 1718. Shrewdly guessing that
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555:, chancellor of the Russian military orders.
363:. Ostermann became secretary to Vice-Admiral
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51:introducing citations to additional sources
539:(1725–1811), was the Russian ambassador in
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41:Relevant discussion may be found on the
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714:Ostermanniana (website about Ostermann)
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367:, who had a standing commission from
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1184:Members of the Supreme Privy Council
1159:Emigrants from the Holy Roman Empire
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1164:Immigrants to the Tsardom of Russia
654:, "Count A. I. Osterman" (Rus.) in
294:Heinrich Johann Friedrich Ostermann
217:Heinrich Johann Friedrich Ostermann
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391:was at exhaustion point, and that
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680:Diplomatic Despatches from Russia
634:Osterman, Andrei Ivanovich, Count
438:to convert Russia into a limited
407:In 1721, Ostermann concluded the
658:, vol. ii. (St Petersburg, 1863)
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499:, which was carried by assault.
34:relies largely or entirely on a
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1179:Diplomats of the Russian Empire
696:The Daughter of Peter the Great
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572:Wieczynski, Joseph L. (1982).
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174:Grand Duchess Anna Leopoldovna
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778:Vasily and Andrey Shchelkalov
698:(London, 1899), chapters 1–3.
690:The Pupils of Peter the Great
462:Vice-chancellor of all Russia
1194:Barons of the Russian Empire
1149:Counts of the Russian Empire
916:Andreas Eberhard von Budberg
543:and then, for 16 years, the
466:During the brief regency of
452:War of the Polish Succession
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753:Foreign ministers of Russia
553:Alexander Ivanovich Tolstoy
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273:Andrey Ivanovich Ostermann
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484:Maria Theresa of Austria
478:, was very obnoxious to
315:(1740; dismissed 1741).
281:Андрей Иванович Остерман
866:Alexey Bestuzhev-Ryumin
643:Encyclopædia Britannica
472:Marquis de La Chetardie
454:(1733–1735) and of the
440:constitutional monarchy
1068:Aleksandr Bessmertnykh
991:Provisional Government
931:Karl Robert Nesselrode
911:Adam Jerzy Czartoryski
896:Nikita Petrovich Panin
876:Nikita Ivanovich Panin
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675:(Rus.) (Odessa, 1889)
535:(1773). Another son,
424:Catherine I of Russia
1004:Mikhail Tereshchenko
926:Ioannis Kapodistrias
886:Alexander Bezborodko
665:(Rus.) (Kazan, 1891)
422:During the reign of
331:, to a middle-class
309:Tsesarevna Elizabeth
47:improve this article
1080:Eduard Shevardnadze
1063:Eduard Shevardnadze
936:Alexander Gorchakov
906:Alexander Vorontsov
861:Aleksey Tcherkassky
818:Yemelyan Ukraintsev
671:A. A. Kochubinsky,
630:Bain, Robert Nisbet
525:Catherine the Great
514:broken on the wheel
510:Elizabeth of Russia
1154:People from Bochum
1090:Russian Federation
1043:Vyacheslav Molotov
966:Alexander Izvolsky
921:Nikolay Rumyantsev
871:Mikhailo Vorontsov
656:Syevernoye Siyanie
493:Field-Marshal Lacy
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428:Peter II of Russia
393:Heinrich von Görtz
381:peace of the Pruth
337:University of Jena
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981:Nikolai Pokrovsky
961:Vladimir Lamsdorf
891:Fyodor Rostopchin
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456:Russo-Turkish War
298:Peter I of Russia
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198:Alexey Cherkassky
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62:"Andrey Osterman"
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1048:Andrey Vyshinsky
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103:February 2012
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58:Find sources:
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36:single source
32:This article
30:
26:
21:
20:
1074:Boris Pankin
1072:
1028:Leon Trotsky
1020:Soviet Union
941:Nikolay Girs
855:
793:Almaz Ivanov
757:Soviet Union
717:(in Russian)
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652:S. Shubinsky
648:This cites:
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319:Early career
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193:Succeeded by
166:Empress Anna
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1139:1747 deaths
1134:1686 births
1108:Igor Ivanov
436:Dolgorukovs
397:ultra vires
339:, learning
247:31 May 1747
227:9 June 1686
181:Preceded by
1128:Categories
583:0875690645
545:Chancellor
329:Westphalia
223:1686-06-09
73:newspapers
632:(1911). "
541:Stockholm
403:Diplomacy
286:‹See Tfd›
157:1734–1740
153:In office
43:talk page
755:and the
518:Beryozov
503:Downfall
444:autocrat
434:and the
377:Shafirov
333:Lutheran
323:Born in
254:Beryozov
162:Monarchs
640:(ed.).
627::
592:2114860
547:of the
529:senator
488:Hungary
476:Austria
361:Russian
357:Italian
277:Russian
87:scholar
636:". In
621:
590:
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533:Moscow
480:France
413:Persia
389:Sweden
359:, and
349:French
341:German
325:Bochum
290:German
230:Bochum
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559:Notes
385:Åland
353:Dutch
345:Latin
270:Count
94:JSTOR
80:books
1018:the
588:OCLC
578:ISBN
373:tsar
244:Died
213:Born
66:news
1016:and
327:in
49:by
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