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being drowned in the sea. Upon this our forefathers assembled at
Mattancherry, and took an oath that neither they themselves, nor their descendants, should ever have anything to do with the Sanpaloor padre. They subsequently assembled at Allangād church, where they duly nominated Archdeacon Thoma as their bishop. Not long after, the Carmelites, who were then established at Goa, were brought into the country, and they asserted that the bishop who was elected by this assembly could not bless the anointing oil. They proposed, however, that some one should sent to Rome to be consecrated there, and he might, on his return, complete the consecration of Mar Thoma. This proposal, which was sent through Padre Joseph , was agreed to; and upon this Joseph himself went to Rome and received consecration. On his return to Malabar he refused to acknowledge the ordination and the blessings of the anointing oil per formed by the bishop Mar Thoma, and consecrated Chandy Kathanar as bishop over us. Towards the end of Chandy's life the Carmelites formed a plan to extinguish the rank and honour of our Church altogether; they consecrated a half-caste Portuguese, Raphael by name, over the Malabar Churches. Our people, however, insisted that they would not submit to a half-caste bishop. About this time Mar Shemon , a Syrian, was on his way to be our bishop. But the Sanpaloor padre detained him at Tānūr. Some Carmelite priests went thither and took charge of him, promising to banish him from the country. They took him first to the church of Allangād, and after they had brought about the consecration of Padre Angelus they put Mar Shemon on board a ship and took him to
319:, and committed sundry other crimes. On this account the Heathen look upon us with scorn and contempt. In order to lay all these our grievances before His Holiness the Pope, and the most faithful Queen of Portugal, we unanimously requested our honoured Kariāttil , Malpan, and Parammakkel Thoma, Kathanar, to visit Rome and Portugal. When they reached those places, they found that our enemies, through letters and by word of mouth, had raised many objections, and a long delay was the consequence. However, through the goodness of Almighty God, his Holiness the Pope and the faithful Queen were moved to grant the petition. The honoured Kariātil Malpan was consecrated as Metropolitan of the Diocese of Malankara. They set out from Rome for Goa; but there the Metropolitan lost his life through treachery.
311:, where he was imprisoned, and died a most miserable death. Thus have these two religious orders oppressed our forefathers in various ways. The bishop, Mar Thoma, offered on different occasions not only to give in his submission to the Holy Church, but also to cause others to submit, but up to this time his offer has not been accepted. On the contrary, the above-mentioned two orders trouble our Church and bring dishonour upon her; they seize our priests, and, by confining them closely, cause their death; their servants also maim them in their bodies. If our bishop deposes a priest from his office, then their bishop immediately re-instates him; if our bishop pronounces the
257:, to meet the Pope and to convey the message of Thoma VI. However, the Propaganda missionaries, who had already achieved the trust of the pope, managed to spoil the efforts at Rome. But, the Portuguese Queen, who was impressed with Kariyattil Iousep for his sincere effort and knowledge, decided to bestow the title of Archbishop of Cranganore upon him using her Padroado rights. Kariyattil Iousep was consecrated as the Archbishop of Cranganore at
295:
The document signed by all the people of the Church of
Malankara (beginning with Angamāly) who were assembled in the Great Church of Angamāly, on the first of February in the year of our Lord, 1787, in reference to the multitude of the true faith, and with regard to the bringing about a real union in
330:
If any obstacle should arise before this plan is carried out, we will not submit to it. All who act contrary to this agreement we shall treat as excommunicated from Church and community. If any churches should act contrary, we will have no intercourse with them.We, the representatives of eighty-four
322:
As nothing but strife and grievance must continue to arise if we have our bishops from a race which oppresses us, we have sent information to Rome and
Portugal, to the effect that our Church should have bishops from among its own body, just as other countries and nations have from among themselves;
217:
created crisis and parallel jurisdiction among them. Meanwhile, both groups were alike in their treatment of the Saint Thomas
Christian community. They were deprived of their autonomy and the latin eccesiastical and liturgical hegemony was imposed. Withstanding all these, they remained steadfast to
306:
in the year 1596. Then the
Sanpaloor padre stopped the arrival of other Syrians, and oppressed our people, and ruled over them with an iron rule. However, another Syrian Metran arrived at Cochin with the view of coming to us; but soon the news reached us that he had come to an untimely death by
669:
Paaremaakhal
Govarnadhor called for a mighty gathering in Angamaly in 1787. All groups of Christians participated in this meeting. They designed a common manifesto for the Christians in this meeting. This manifestos engraved in golden letters of the history of Angamaly and is known as "ANGAMALY
284:
churches led by
Paremmakkal Thoma and gathered at the Great Church of Angamāly to discuss and to decide their future plans. The assembly decided to request the pope and the Portuguese monarch to consecrate Paremmakkal Thoma as the bishop for their community. They also decided to return their
326:
We have chosen Paremmākkel Thoma, kathanar, our present
Governor, to be our Metropolitan. Should this application to the faithful Queen of Portugal meet with a refusal, we will transfer our allegiance to the Chaldean Patriarch, Mar Joseph (who himself is subject to the Holy Church), as our
301:
Our forefathers received the true faith of Jesus Christ at the hands of the
Apostle Saint Thomas. Upon this, Chaldean Syrian bishops ruled over us up to the time of the death of the Metropolitan Mar Abraham, which took place in the
362:
In 1787, representatives from 84 churches assembled in Angamāly and drew up a document called Angamāly
Padiyola which made a strong demand to Rome for native bishops, citing the sins of omission and commission of the foreign
323:
and that our mind is made up that in future we will have no bishop but from among ourselves; and until we obtain such an one, we will only receive ordination and holy oil according to the command of our honourable Governor.
276:, since the latter feared and vehemently opposed a Saint Thomas Christian becoming a bishop for his own community. Paremmakkal Thoma soon took charge as the administrator of the Archdiocese of Cranganore. The
331:
churches in the diocese of Malankara, have honestly signed this document, in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost; and before Saint George the Martyr in the Great Church at Angamāly.
233:
and the only bishop among both factions, who was ready to reunite with the Catholic Church and acknowledge the Pope's authority. Thoma VI was being compelled by the Syriac Orthodox delegates led by
285:
allegiance to the Chaldean Patriarchate, if their requests are not fulfilled. They selected twelve priests to assist Paremmakkal in his ecclesiastical responsibilities.
148:
and subjugation of the ancient native Indian Christian community. The oppressive Padroado hierarchy witnessed a turbulent reaction from them in 1653, in the form of the
327:
forefathers rendered their allegiance before the Portuguese had power over us; and we will procure bishops thence who will consecrate our honourable Governors.
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133:
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PADIYOLA". In this meeting, 12 priests called as "Kaanonists" were selected to assist Govarnadhor in the administration of the diocese.
105:
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for the consecration of a native bishop for the community and demanded autonomy for their Church which was forcibly brought under the
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missionaries. However, the unilateral and arrogant approach of the Carmelites led to the eventual division of the community into
96:
723:
315:, then theirs absolves! Certain of their priests, when visiting some of our churches, openly and privately transgressed the
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205:, who reunited with the Catholic Church were placed under foreign missionaries yet again after the death of their bishop,
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748:
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140:. Following the death of the Metropolitan, the Portuguese colonialist Latin missionaries succeeded in organising the
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555:"Some New Documents on the Struggle of the Saint Thomas Christians to Maintain the Chaldaean Rite and Jurisdiction"
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The late eighteenth century witnessed an attempt for reunification of both factions of the community under bishop
273:
234:
210:
237:, who came to Kerala in 1751, to establish and to enforce the West Syriac Rite and Syriac Orthodoxy among the
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152:. In order to pacify the situation and to reunite the revolting Christians, the Pope sent
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Orientalia Christiana: Festschrift für Hubert Kaufhold zum 70. Geburtstag; pp. 415-436
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Orientalia Christiana: Festschrift für Hubert Kaufhold zum 70. Geburtstag; pp. 259-276
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The Saint Thomas Christians believed that his death was a result of treachery of the
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626:. In Sebastian P. Brock; Aaron M. Butts; George A. Kiraz; Lucas Van Rompay (eds.).
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246:
219:
187:
141:
72:
Priests and lay representatives from 84 Paḻayakūṟ churches of the Malankara Church
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154:
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Lingerings of light in a dark land: Researches into the Syrian church of Malabar
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408:
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our Church, and a walk according to the manners and customs of our ancestors.
656:
280:
is a charter signed and inscribed by Saint Thomas Christian leaders from 84
653:"History - St. George Forane Church ('Padinjārē Palli') - Angamaly Diocese"
526:"Nazrani History and Discourse on Early Nationalism in Varthamanapusthakam"
183:
117:
628:
Gorgias Encyclopedic Dictionary of the Syriac Heritage: Electronic Edition
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from the pope. However, the eventual success met with a sudden tragedy at
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The Saint Thomas Christian community was previously in communion with the
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83:
Declaration of ecclesiastical independence from Latin Catholic hegemony
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traditions and struggled to maintain their eccesiastical autonomy.
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269:, when Kariyattil Iousep was found dead at the age of forty-nine.
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109:
49:
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179:
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Indian Christians: Search for Identity and Struggle for Autonomy
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is a historic declaration of the Syrian Catholic/ Syro Malabar (
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482:
Origin of Christianity in India: A Historiographical Critique
414:
A History of Christianity in India: The Beginnings to AD 1707
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113:
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601:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 68-69.
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and subject to the ecclesiastical jurisdiction of the
209:. Often the power disputes between the Propaganda
182:continued their revolt and gradually adopted the
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685:. St.George's Basilica, Angamāly. Archived from
384:. The Syriac World. Routledge. p. 653-697.
516:
514:
512:
510:
508:
506:
504:
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655:. St. George Basilica Angamaly. Archived from
553:(2013). Peter Bruns; Heinz Otto Luthe (eds.).
450:(2013). Peter Bruns; Heinz Otto Luthe (eds.).
442:
440:
438:
436:
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241:. To materialize the reunification plan, two
598:A History of Christianity in India: 1707-1858
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358:"History of Syro-Malabar Catholics in Kerala"
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112:. This document made a strong appeal to the
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706:. William Brown and Co. p. 308 - 310.
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417:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
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144:of 1599, which initiated the forcible
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452:"Syro-Malabar History and Traditions"
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624:"Malabar Independent Syrian Church"
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485:. Delhi: Media House. p. 88.
458:. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag.
14:
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561:. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag.
739:18th-century Eastern Catholicism
700:Whitehouse, Thomas, ed. (1873).
136:until the death of Metropolitan
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581:. Bangalore: Dharmaram College.
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565:
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479:Vadakkekara, Benedict (2007).
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274:Goan eccesiastical authorities
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724:Eastern Christianity in India
622:Fenwick, John R. K. (2011a).
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381:Syriac Christianity in India
360:. St. Raphael Syro Malabar.
106:Great Church of Saint George
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754:Church of the East in India
378:(2018). Daniel King (ed.).
235:Baselios Shakrallah Qasabgi
10:
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251:Paremmakkal Thoma Kathanar
104:proclaimed in 1787 at the
63:Paremmakkal Thoma Kathanar
573:Mundadan, Anthony Mathias
215:Archdiocese of Cranganore
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55:
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749:Catholic Church in India
68:Thachil Matthoo Tharakan
729:Saint Thomas Christians
304:East Church of Angamāly
253:, set their journey to
194:, introduced by bishop
102:Saint Thomas Christians
33:; 237 years ago
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196:Gregorios Abdul Jaleel
192:Syriac Orthodox Church
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774:Portuguese in Kerala
759:1787 in Christianity
448:Koonammakkal, Thomas
261:and he received the
229:, the leader of the
211:Vicariate of Malabar
178:, led by Archdeacon
134:Patriarch of Babylon
734:Syro-Malabar Church
659:on 11 February 2010
522:Malekandathil, Pius
317:Seventh Commandment
207:Palliveettil Chandy
130:Church of the East
744:History of Kerala
337:Angamāly Padiyōla
278:Angamāly Padiyōla
247:Kariyattil Iousep
213:and the Padroado
150:Coonan Cross Oath
91:Angamāly Padiyōla
87:
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22:Angamāly Padiyōla
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689:on 23 July 2012.
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663:27 December
530:NSC Network
309:Pondicherry
249:Malpan and
220:East Syriac
171:factions.
718:Categories
683:"Padiyola"
535:28 January
344:References
155:Propaganda
124:Background
595:(2002) .
411:(2004) .
282:Paḻayakūṟ
245:priests,
243:Paḻayakūṟ
239:Pùttènkūṟ
231:Pùttènkūṟ
203:Paḻayakūṟ
176:Pùttènkūṟ
168:Pùttènkūṟ
163:Paḻayakūṟ
159:Carmelite
97:Paḻayakūṟ
56:Author(s)
769:Angamaly
575:(1984).
524:(2013).
334:—
227:Thoma VI
110:Angamāly
50:Angamāly
46:Location
313:Maharon
289:Content
263:pallium
190:of the
180:Thoma I
138:Abraham
80:Purpose
36: (
28:Created
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462:
421:
388:
259:Lisbon
218:their
665:2009
636:2016
603:ISBN
537:2013
487:ISBN
460:ISBN
419:ISBN
386:ISBN
255:Rome
186:and
174:The
165:and
114:pope
267:Goa
198:.
108:in
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557:.
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40:)
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